DOCSLIB.ORG

Stephanie Avery-Gomm University of Queensland

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stephanie Avery-Gomm University of Queensland Past progress and future opportunities: Monitoring microplastic pollution in the North Pacific Stephanie Avery-Gomm University of Queensland #PICES2019 @saverygo “The objects flying through the air in this picture would take 40 hours to clean – except no house-wife need bother. They are all meant to be thrown away after use.” >8 million metric tons of plastic waste enters the ocean each year Jambeck et al., 2015 Science Plastic is everywhere Water bottle degradation over ~3 years Inaccessible Island ©Peter G. Ryan Hundreds of species have ingested plastic Provencher et al., 2018 Enviro Rev Frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion (± SD) 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 (G) (D) (A) Bottom.Feeding Pursuit.Diving Method Foraging Opportunistic Surface.Plunging Yes No Nocturnality Dipping Aerial.Pursuit Surface.Seizing Pattering Scavenging No Yes Skimming Pursuit.Plunging (H) (E) (B) Mixed Other.Inverts < 100 Bird Mass(g) Subadult/Adult Cephalopods Age Diet > 1000 Subadult Fish 100−500 Adult Carrion.Birds Nest−bound Crustaceans 500−1000 (C) (F) (I) Anseriformes 1960s 1 Charadriiformes 2 1970s 3 Sample Size Phaethontiformes Decade Order 4 Gaviiformes 1980s 5 Pelecaniformes 1990s 21−50 Suliformes 51−100 2000s >100 Sphenisciformes 10−Jun Procellariiformes 2010s 20−Nov have ingested plastic Histrionicus histrionicus Histrionicus Melanitta perspicillata Melanitta Stercorarius longicaudus Stercorarius Hundreds Somateria mollissima Somateria Bucephala islandica Bucephala parasiticus Stercorarius Somateria spectabilis Somateria Phalaropus fulicarius Phalaropus Stercorarius pomarinus Stercorarius Clangula hyemalis Clangula Catharacta maccormicki Catharacta Phalaropus lobatus Phalaropus (J) Cerorhinca monocerata Cerorhinca Catharacta antarctica Catharacta Melanitta fusca Melanitta Aythya marila Aythya Ptychoramphus aleuticus Ptychoramphus Catharacta skua Catharacta Fratercula corniculata Fratercula Fratercula cirrhata Fratercula Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Synthliboramphus Fratercula arctica Fratercula Synthliboramphus antiquus Synthliboramphus Aethia cristatella Aethia Brachyramphus brevirostris Brachyramphus Aethia pygmaea Aethia Brachyramphus marmoratus Brachyramphus Aethia psittacula Aethia Cepphus columba Cepphus 1 Cepphus grylle Cepphus Procelsterna cerulea Procelsterna Uria lomvia Uria Uria aalge Uria Alca torda Alca Alle alle Alle Sterna hirundo Sterna 0 alba Gygis Sterna aleutica Sterna Sterna nereis Sterna Sterna albifrons Sterna Sterna paradisaea Sterna Sterna hirundinacea Sterna Sterna vittata Sterna Sterna dougallii Sterna Sterna fuscata Sterna Sterna lunata Sterna Chlidonias niger Chlidonias frequency ofoccurrence sandvicensis Sterna Sterna bergii Sterna Sterna maxima Sterna Anous tenuirostris Anous of plasticingestion Anous stolidus Anous Anous minutus Anous Rissa brevirostris Rissa Empirical mean Rissa tridactyla Rissa Xema sabini Xema Pagophila eburnea Pagophila Larus philadelphia Larus Larus ridibundus Larus Larus novaehollandiae Larus Larus hartlaubii Larus Larus audouinii Larus Larus melanocephalus Larus Larus crassirostris Larus Larus canus Larus Larus heermanni Larus 1 0 hyperboreus Larus Avery argentatus Larus Larus marinus Larus of species Puffinus carneipescreatopus Puffinus Larus michahellis Puffinus gravis Puffinus Larus dominicanus Puffinus griseus Puffinus Larus fuscus Puffinus tenuirostris Puffinus Larus schistisagus Puffinus newelli Puffinus Larus glaucoides Puffinus assimilis Puffinus Larus glaucescens Puffinus yelkouan Puffinus Phaethon lepturus Puffinus mauretanicus Puffinus Phaethon rubricauda Puffinus gavia Puffinus Gavia stellata Puffinus huttoni Puffinus Gavia pacifica Puffinus pacificus Puffinus Gavia immer - bulleri Puffinus Pelecanus conspicillatus Puffinus puffinus Puffinus Fregata minor Gomm nativitatis Puffinus Fregata ariel Calonectris leucomelas Calonectris Fregata magnificens Calonectris diomedea Calonectris Morus bassanus Calonectris edwardsii Calonectris Morus capensis Pseudobulweria rostrata Pseudobulweria Morus serrator Procellaria conspicillata Procellaria Sula sula Procellaria aequinoctialis Procellaria Sula leucogaster Procellaria westlandica Procellaria Sula dactylatra Procellaria cinerea Procellaria Phalacrocorax auritus Procellaria parkinsoni Procellaria Phalacrocorax carbo Bulweria bulwerii Bulweria Phalacrocorax neglectus Pterodroma lessonii Pterodroma Phalacrocorax urile Pterodroma macroptera Pterodroma Phalacrocorax capensis Pterodroma incerta Pterodroma Phalacrocorax pelagicus Pterodroma neglecta Pterodroma Phalacrocorax coronatus Pterodroma arminjoniana Pterodroma Phalacrocorax aristotelis Pterodroma alba Pterodroma Phalacrocorax atriceps Pterodroma phaeopygia Pterodroma Pygoscelis adeliae Pterodroma cookii Pterodroma Pygoscelis antarcticus Pterodroma longirostris Pterodroma Pygoscelis papua Pterodroma mollis Pterodroma Aptenodytes forsteri et al. Pterodroma brevipes Pterodroma Aptenodytes patagonicus Pterodroma pycrofti Pterodroma Spheniscus magellanicus Pterodroma hypoleuca Pterodroma Spheniscus demersus Pterodroma inexpectata Pterodroma Spheniscus humboldti Pterodroma ultima Pterodroma Megadyptes antipodes Pterodroma atrata Pterodroma Eudyptes chrysolophus Pterodroma cervicalis Pterodroma Eudyptes moseleyi Pterodroma externa Pterodroma Eudyptes chrysocome Pterodroma leucoptera Pterodroma Oceanodroma castro Pterodroma solandri Pterodroma Oceanodroma furcata Pterodroma nigripennis Pterodroma Hydrobates pelagicus Pachyptila desolata Pachyptila Oceanodroma leucorhoa Pachyptila salvini Pachyptila Oceanodroma tristrami Pachyptila turtur Pachyptila Oceanodroma tethys Pachyptila belcheri Pachyptila Oceanodroma melania Pachyptila vittata Pachyptila Oceanodroma markhami Halobaena caerulea Halobaena Fregetta tropica Pelecanoides georgicus Pelecanoides Fregetta grallaria Pelecanoides magellani Pelecanoides Garrodia nereis Pelecanoides urinatrix Pelecanoides Nesofregetta fuliginosa Lugensa brevirostris Lugensa Pelagodroma marina Fulmarus glacialis Fulmarus Oceanites gracilis Fulmarus glacialoides Fulmarus Oceanites oceanicus Macronectes halli Macronectes Phoebastria irrorata Macronectes giganteus Macronectes Phoebastria nigripes Daption capense Daption Phoebastria immutabilis Pagodroma nivea Pagodroma Diomedea epomophora Thalassoica antarctica Thalassoica Diomedea sanfordi Diomedea exulans Diomedea Diomedea dabbenena Thalassarche cauta Thalassarche Diomedea antipodensis In review Thalassarche steadi Thalassarche Phoebetria fusca Thalassarche salvini Thalassarche Phoebetria palpebrata Thalassarche eremita Thalassarche Thalassarche chlororhynchos Thalassarche bulleri Thalassarche Thalassarche carteri Thalassarche impavida Thalassarche Thalassarche chrysostoma Thalassarche melanophrys effects on assemblages altered assemblages effects on population grows at a slower rate populations fewer individuals successfully reproducing and rearing young effects on organism mortality slower growth of birds damaged parasites sub-lethal gastric tissue effects less altered dehydration feeding immunity reduced volume of blocked perforated pathogen chemical stomach stomach stomach transfer to transfer to initiation tissue tissues plastic ingestion climate change habitat availability entanglement multiple stressors fisheries food persistent organic by-catch availability pollutants oil pollution invasive species heavy metals Browne et al. 2015 Proc R Soc B Plastics are a diverse suite of contaminants Rochman et al. 2019 Enviro Toxicol Chem effects on assemblages altered assemblages effects on population grows at a slower rate populations fewer individuals successfully reproducing and rearing young effects on organism mortality slower growth of birds damaged parasites sub-lethal gastric tissue effects less altered dehydration feeding immunity reduced volume of blocked perforated pathogen chemical stomach stomach stomach transfer to transfer to initiation tissue tissues plastic ingestion climate change habitat availability entanglement multiple stressors fisheries food persistent organic by-catch availability pollutants oil pollution invasive species heavy metals Browne et al. 2015 Proc R Soc B How do we get a better picture of what is going on with plastic pollution in the North Pacific? Can we monitor plastic debris in a cost- effective way that detects spatial and temporal trends across an entire ocean? How will we detect success? Monitoring microplastic pollution 1. Direct sampling of plastic pollution at sea 2. Using biological monitoring 3. Beach surveys Monitoring microplastic pollution 1. Direct sampling of plastic pollution at sea 2. Using biological monitoring 3. Beach surveys Ryan et al. 2009 Proc Roy Soc B Monitoring microplastic pollution 1. Direct sampling of plastic pollution at sea 2. Using biological monitoring 3. Beach surveys Ryan et al. 2009 Proc Roy Soc B Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) are effective monitors of marine plastic pollution Breeding Non-Breeding Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) are effective monitors of marine plastic pollution “…because they are fools, they make great tools” • Stomach content = quantitative data about plastic at sea • Sources: Beached Bird Surveys, Fisheries Bycatch • Already vetted as a bio monitor for marine litter Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) are effective monitors of marine plastic pollution “…because they are fools, they make great tools” • Stomach content = quantitative data about plastic at sea • Sources: Beached Bird Surveys, Fisheries Bycatch • Already vetted as a bio monitor for marine
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Copulation and Mate Guarding in the Northern Fulmar
    COPULATION AND MATE GUARDING IN THE NORTHERN FULMAR SCOTT A. HATCH Museumof VertebrateZoology, University of California,Berkeley, California 94720 USA and AlaskaFish and WildlifeResearch Center, U.S. Fish and WildlifeService, 1011 East Tudor Road, Anchorage,Alaska 99503 USA• ABSTRACT.--Istudied the timing and frequency of copulation in mated pairs and the occurrenceof extra-paircopulation (EPC) among Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) for 2 yr. Copulationpeaked 24 days before laying, a few daysbefore females departed on a prelaying exodus of about 3 weeks. I estimated that females were inseminated at least 34 times each season.A total of 44 EPC attemptswas seen,9 (20%)of which apparentlyresulted in insem- ination.Five successful EPCs were solicitated by femalesvisiting neighboring males. Multiple copulationsduring a singlemounting were rare within pairsbut occurredin nearly half of the successfulEPCs. Both sexesvisited neighborsduring the prelayingperiod, and males employed a specialbehavioral display to gain acceptanceby unattended females.Males investedtime in nest-siteattendance during the prelaying period to guard their matesand pursueEPC. However, the occurrenceof EPC in fulmars waslargely a matter of female choice. Received29 September1986, accepted 16 February1987. THEoccurrence and significanceof extra-pair Bjorkland and Westman 1983; Buitron 1983; copulation (EPC) in monogamousbirds has Birkhead et al. 1985). generated much interest and discussion(Glad- I attemptedto documentthe occurrenceand stone 1979; Oring 1982; Ford 1983; McKinney behavioral contextof extra-pair copulationand et al. 1983, 1984). Becausethe males of monog- mate guarding in a colonial seabird,the North- amous species typically make a large invest- ern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis). Fulmars are ment in the careof eggsand young, the costof among the longest-lived birds known, and fi- being cuckolded is high, as are the benefits to delity to the same mate and nest site between the successfulcuckolder.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taxonomy of the Procellariiformes Has Been Proposed from Various Approaches
    山 階 鳥 研 報(J. Yamashina Inst. Ornithol.),22:114-23,1990 Genetic Divergence and Relationships in Fifteen Species of Procellariiformes Nagahisa Kuroda*, Ryozo Kakizawa* and Masayoshi Watada** Abstract The genetic analysis of 23 protein loci in 15 species of Procellariiformes was made The genetic distancesbetween the specieswas calculatedand a dendrogram was formulated of the group. The separation of Hydrobatidae from all other taxa including Diomedeidae agrees with other precedent works. The resultsof the present study support the basic Procellariidclassification system. However, two points stillneed further study. The firstpoint is that Fulmarus diverged earlier from the Procellariidsthan did the Diomedeidae. The second point is the position of Puffinuspacificus which appears more closely related to the Pterodroma petrels than to other Puffinus species. These points are discussed. Introduction The taxonomy of the Procellariiformes has been proposed from various approaches. The earliest study by Forbes (1882) was made by appendicular myology. Godman (1906) and Loomis (1918) studied this group from a morphological point of view. The taxonomy of the Procellariiformes by functional osteology and appendicular myology was studied by Kuroda (1954, 1983) and Klemm (1969), The results of the various studies agreed in proposing four families of Procellariiformes: Diomedeidae, Procellariidae, Hydrobatidae, and Pelecanoididae. They also pointed out that the Procellariidae was a heterogenous group among them. Timmermann (1958) found the parallel evolution of mallophaga and their hosts in Procellariiformes. Recently, electrophoretical studies have been made on the Procellariiformes. Harper (1978) found different patterns of the electromorph among the families. Bar- rowclough et al. (1981) studied genetic differentiation among 12 species of Procellari- iformes at 16 loci, and discussed the genetic distances among the taxa but with no consideration of their phylogenetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • Bugoni 2008 Phd Thesis
    ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF ALBATROSSES AND PETRELS AT SEA OFF BRAZIL Leandro Bugoni Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, at the Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. July 2008 DECLARATION I declare that the work described in this thesis has been conducted independently by myself under he supervision of Professor Robert W. Furness, except where specifically acknowledged, and has not been submitted for any other degree. This study was carried out according to permits No. 0128931BR, No. 203/2006, No. 02001.005981/2005, No. 023/2006, No. 040/2006 and No. 1282/1, all granted by the Brazilian Environmental Agency (IBAMA), and International Animal Health Certificate No. 0975-06, issued by the Brazilian Government. The Scottish Executive - Rural Affairs Directorate provided the permit POAO 2007/91 to import samples into Scotland. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I was very lucky in having Prof. Bob Furness as my supervisor. He has been very supportive since before I had arrived in Glasgow, greatly encouraged me in new initiatives I constantly brought him (and still bring), gave me the freedom I needed and reviewed chapters astonishingly fast. It was a very productive professional relationship for which I express my gratitude. Thanks are also due to Rona McGill who did a great job in analyzing stable isotopes and teaching me about mass spectrometry and isotopes. Kate Griffiths was superb in sexing birds and explaining molecular methods again and again. Many people contributed to the original project with comments, suggestions for the chapters, providing samples or unpublished information, identifyiyng fish and squids, reviewing parts of the thesis or helping in analysing samples or data.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern Fulmar
    SOUTHERN FULMAR Fulmarus glacialoides Document made by the French Southern and Antarctic Lands © TAAF Lands © Southern and Antarctic the French made by Document l l assessm iona asse a g ss b e e m lo n r • Size : 45-50 cm t F G e A n t A SOUTHERN FULMAR T • Wingspan : 114-120 cm Fulmarus glacialoides • Weight : 0.7-1kg Order : Procellariiformes — Family : Procellariidae as the ... It is also known GEOGRAPHIC RANGE : The species can be seen in the Southern Ocean but breeds on the coasts of Antarctica and outlying glaciated islands. HABITAT : Southern Fulmars nest on steep rocky slopes and cliff sides, mainly on the coast and on the Antarctic continent. They are highly nomadic outside the breeding season, generally moving north to open waters south of 30°S. © S. BLANC DIET : They eat krill, fish and squid depending on available prey. They also consume carrion and discards from Fulmar Antarctic fishing vessels. BEHAVIOR : REPRODUCTION : Most food is taken by surface-seizing whilst in The breeding season begins in November and egg- flocks. They also skim the surface in low flight laying takes place during the first two weeks of with their beak open. They also sometimes dive December. They breed in colonies on steep rocky at shallow depths to catch their prey. They are slopes and precipitous cliffs on sheltered ledges rather solitary birds that can form small groups or in hollows, sometimes with other species of outside the breeding season. Paired birds tend to petrels. Nests are a gravel-lined scrape in which © S.
    [Show full text]
  • Onetouch 4.0 Scanned Documents
    / Chapter 2 THE FOSSIL RECORD OF BIRDS Storrs L. Olson Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC. I. Introduction 80 II. Archaeopteryx 85 III. Early Cretaceous Birds 87 IV. Hesperornithiformes 89 V. Ichthyornithiformes 91 VI. Other Mesozojc Birds 92 VII. Paleognathous Birds 96 A. The Problem of the Origins of Paleognathous Birds 96 B. The Fossil Record of Paleognathous Birds 104 VIII. The "Basal" Land Bird Assemblage 107 A. Opisthocomidae 109 B. Musophagidae 109 C. Cuculidae HO D. Falconidae HI E. Sagittariidae 112 F. Accipitridae 112 G. Pandionidae 114 H. Galliformes 114 1. Family Incertae Sedis Turnicidae 119 J. Columbiformes 119 K. Psittaciforines 120 L. Family Incertae Sedis Zygodactylidae 121 IX. The "Higher" Land Bird Assemblage 122 A. Coliiformes 124 B. Coraciiformes (Including Trogonidae and Galbulae) 124 C. Strigiformes 129 D. Caprimulgiformes 132 E. Apodiformes 134 F. Family Incertae Sedis Trochilidae 135 G. Order Incertae Sedis Bucerotiformes (Including Upupae) 136 H. Piciformes 138 I. Passeriformes 139 X. The Water Bird Assemblage 141 A. Gruiformes 142 B. Family Incertae Sedis Ardeidae 165 79 Avian Biology, Vol. Vlll ISBN 0-12-249408-3 80 STORES L. OLSON C. Family Incertae Sedis Podicipedidae 168 D. Charadriiformes 169 E. Anseriformes 186 F. Ciconiiformes 188 G. Pelecaniformes 192 H. Procellariiformes 208 I. Gaviiformes 212 J. Sphenisciformes 217 XI. Conclusion 217 References 218 I. Introduction Avian paleontology has long been a poor stepsister to its mammalian counterpart, a fact that may be attributed in some measure to an insufRcien- cy of qualified workers and to the absence in birds of heterodont teeth, on which the greater proportion of the fossil record of mammals is founded.
    [Show full text]
  • SEABIRDS RECORDED at the CHATHAM ISLANDS, 1960 to MAY 1993 by M.J
    SEABIRDS RECORDED AT THE CHATHAM ISLANDS, 1960 TO MAY 1993 By M.J. IMBER Science and Research Directorate, Department of Conservation, P. 0. Box 10420, Wellington ABSTRACT Between 1960 and hlay 1993,62 species of seabirds were recorded at Chatham Islands, including 43 procellariiforms, 5 penguins, 5 pelecaniforms, and 9 hi.Apart &om the 24 breeding species, there were 14 regular visitors, 13 stragglers, 2 rarely seen on migration, and 9 found only beach-cast or as other remains. There is considerable endemism: 8 species or subspecies are confined, or largely confined, to breeding at the Chathams. INTRODUCTION The Chatham Islands (44OS, 176.5OW) are about 900 km east of New Zealand, and 560 km and 720 km respectively north-east of Bounty and Antipodes Islands. The Chatham Islands lie on the Subtropical Convergence (Fleming 1939) - the boundary between subtropical and subantarctic water masses; near the eastern end of the Chatham Rise - a shallow (4'500 m) submarine ridge extending almost to the New Zealand mainland. Chatham Island seabirds can feed over large areas of four marine habitats: the continental shelf of the Chatham Rise; the continental slope around it; and subtropical and subantarctic waters to the north, east, and south. The Chatham Islands' fauna and flora have, however, been very adversely affected by human colonisation for about 500 years (B. McFadgen, pers. cornrn.). Knowledge of the seabird fauna of the Chatham Islands gained up to 1960 is siunmarised in Oliver (1930), Fleming (1939), Dawson (1955, 1973), and papers quoted therein. The present paper summarises published and unpublished data on the seabirds of the archipelago from 1960 to May 1993, from when visits to these islands depended on infrequent passages by ship from Lyttelton, South Island, to the present, when a visit involves a 2-h scheduled flight from Napier, Wellington, or Christchurch, six dayslweek.
    [Show full text]
  • An Assessment for Fisheries Operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands
    FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands by Nigel Varty, Ben Sullivan and Andy Black BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme Cover photo – Fishery Patrol Vessel (FPV) Pharos SG in Cumberland Bay, South Georgia This document should be cited as: Varty, N., Sullivan, B. J. and Black, A. D. (2008). FAO International Plan of Action-Seabirds: An assessment for fisheries operating in South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands. BirdLife International Global Seabird Programme. Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, The Lodge, Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK. 2 Executive Summary As a result of international concern over the cause and level of seabird mortality in longline fisheries, the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Committee of Fisheries (COFI) developed an International Plan of Action-Seabirds. The IPOA-Seabirds stipulates that countries with longline fisheries (conducted by their own or foreign vessels) or a fleet that fishes elsewhere should carry out an assessment of these fisheries to determine if a bycatch problem exists and, if so, to determine its extent and nature. If a problem is identified, countries should adopt a National Plan of Action – Seabirds for reducing the incidental catch of seabirds in their fisheries. South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (SGSSI) are a United Kingdom Overseas Territory and the combined area covered by the Territorial Sea and Maritime Zone of South Georgia is referred to as the South Georgia Maritime Zone (SGMZ) and fisheries within the SGMZ are managed by the Government of South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands (GSGSSI) within the framework of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living (CCAMLR).
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix, French Names, Supplement
    685 APPENDIX Part 1. Speciesreported from the A.O.U. Check-list area with insufficient evidencefor placementon the main list. Specieson this list havebeen reported (published) as occurring in the geographicarea coveredby this Check-list.However, their occurrenceis considered hypotheticalfor one of more of the following reasons: 1. Physicalevidence for their presence(e.g., specimen,photograph, video-tape, audio- recording)is lacking,of disputedorigin, or unknown.See the Prefacefor furtherdiscussion. 2. The naturaloccurrence (unrestrained by humans)of the speciesis disputed. 3. An introducedpopulation has failed to becomeestablished. 4. Inclusionin previouseditions of the Check-listwas basedexclusively on recordsfrom Greenland, which is now outside the A.O.U. Check-list area. Phoebastria irrorata (Salvin). Waved Albatross. Diornedeairrorata Salvin, 1883, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 430. (Callao Bay, Peru.) This speciesbreeds on Hood Island in the Galapagosand on Isla de la Plata off Ecuador, and rangesat seaalong the coastsof Ecuadorand Peru. A specimenwas takenjust outside the North American area at Octavia Rocks, Colombia, near the Panama-Colombiaboundary (8 March 1941, R. C. Murphy). There are sight reportsfrom Panama,west of Pitias Bay, Dari6n, 26 February1941 (Ridgely 1976), and southwestof the Pearl Islands,27 September 1964. Also known as GalapagosAlbatross. ThalassarchechrysosWma (Forster). Gray-headed Albatross. Diornedeachrysostorna J. R. Forster,1785, M6m. Math. Phys. Acad. Sci. Paris 10: 571, pl. 14. (voisinagedu cerclepolaire antarctique & dansl'Ocean Pacifique= Isla de los Estados[= StatenIsland], off Tierra del Fuego.) This speciesbreeds on islandsoff CapeHorn, in the SouthAtlantic, in the southernIndian Ocean,and off New Zealand.Reports from Oregon(mouth of the ColumbiaRiver), California (coastnear Golden Gate), and Panama(Bay of Chiriqu0 are unsatisfactory(see A.O.U.
    [Show full text]
  • Ardery Island and Odbert Island, Budd Coast, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica
    Measure 3 (2015) Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area No. 103 ARDERY ISLAND AND ODBERT ISLAND, BUDD COAST, WILKES LAND, EAST ANTARCTICA Introduction Ardery Island and Odbert Island (66°22’20”S; 110°29’10”E, Map A) were originally designated as Specially Protected Area No. 3, through Recommendation IV-III (1966), after a proposal by Australia. A management plan for the Area was adopted under Recommendation XVII-2 (1992). In accordance with Decision 1 (2002), the site was redesignated and renumbered as Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 103. Revised management plans for the ASPA were adopted under Measure 2 (2005) and Measure 3 (2010). The Area is primarily designated to protect the unusual assemblage of breeding colonies of several species of petrel. The Antarctic petrel (Thalassoica antarctica) and the southern fulmar (Fulmarus glacialoides) are of particular scientific interest. 1. Description of values to be protected The Area is designated primarily to protect the assemblage of four fulmarine petrels at Ardery Island and Odbert Island (Map B and C). The four species of fulmarine petrels, all belonging to different genera, are Antarctic petrels, southern fulmars, Cape petrels (Daption capense), and snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea). All breed in the Area in sufficient numbers to allow comparative study. Study of these four genera at one location is of high ecological importance in understanding their responses to changes in the Southern Ocean ecosystem. The Antarctic petrel is the only species in the genus Thalassoica; they occur most commonly in the Ross and Weddell seas and are much less abundant in East Antarctica.
    [Show full text]
  • Estimating Mortality of Black-Browed Albatross
    Polar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00300-015-1747-3 ORIGINAL PAPER Estimating mortality of black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophris, Temminck, 1828) and other seabirds in the Argentinean factory trawl fleet and the use of bird-scaring lines as a mitigation measure 1 1 2,3 Leandro Luis Tamini • Leandro Nahuel Chavez • Marı´a Eva Go´ngora • 4 5 6 Oliver Yates • Fabia´n Leandro Rabuffetti • Ben Sullivan Received: 21 October 2014 / Revised: 21 May 2015 / Accepted: 23 June 2015 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 Abstract Seabird bycatch represents one of the main we identified black-browed albatross mortality rates of threats to vulnerable seabird populations, particularly 0.013 and 0.093 birds/haul for net entanglement and cable albatross and petrels, and requires urgent conservation collision (corpses hauled aboard), respectively. From management interventions at a global scale. We studied counts of birds killed or injured by cable collisions, we seabird mortality associated with demersal factory trawl estimate a black-browed albatross mortality rate of 0.237 vessels that target Argentine Hake Merluccius hubbsi along birds/h. We use official fishing effort data to consider the the Argentine Patagonian Shelf and tested the efficacy of potential scale of seabird mortality for the entire fleet and bird-scaring lines as a seabird bycatch mitigation measure. identify the main factors contributing to seabird mortality From November 2008 to June 2010, dedicated seabird in this fishery. Bird-scaring lines eliminated seabird mor- observers recorded three sources of seabird mortality: tality caused by collisions with trawl cables and are rec- entanglements with the trawl net; collisions with the trawl ommended as a short- to medium-term measure to mitigate cables (corpses hauled aboard); and collisions with trawl seabird mortality in this fishery.
    [Show full text]
  • The Incidence, Functions and Ecological Significance of Petrel Stomach Oils
    84 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NEW ZEALAND ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY, VOL. 24, 1977 THE INCIDENCE, FUNCTIONS AND ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF PETREL STOMACH OILS JOHN WARHAM Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Chrb;tchurch SUMMARY: Recent research into the origins and compositions of the stomach oils unique to sea~birds of the order Procellariifonnes is reviewed. The sources of these oils, most of which contain mainly wax esters and/or trigIycerides, is discussed in relation to the presence of such compounds in the marine environment. A number of functions are proposed as the ecological roles of the oils, including their use as slowIy~mobilisable energy and water reserves for adults and chicks and as defensive weaponry for surface-nesting species. Suggestions are made for further research, particularly into physiological and nutritional aspects. INTRODUCTION their table, a balm for their wounds, and a medicine Birds of the Order Procellariiforrnes (albatrosses, for their distempers." In New Zealand, Travers and fuJmars, shearwaters and other petrels) are peculiar Travers (1873) described how the Chatham Island in being able to store oil in their large, glandular and Morioris held young petrels over their mouths and very distensible fore-guts or proventriculi.. All petrel allowed the oil to drain directly into them. In some spedes so far examined, with the significant excep- years the St Kildans exported part of thei.r oil har~ tion of the diving petrels, Fam. Pelecanoididae, have vest, as the Australian mutton-birders stilI do with been found to contain oil at various times. The oi.1 oil from the chicks of P. tenuirostris. This has been occurs in both adults and chicks, in breeders and used as a basis for sun~tan lotions, but most nowa- non~breeders, and in birds taken at sea and on land.
    [Show full text]
  • Louchart Et Al 2018 Bony Teeth
    Bony pseudoteeth of extinct pelagic birds (Aves, Odontopterygiformes) formed through a response of bone cells to tooth-specific epithelial signals under unique conditions Antoine Louchart, Vivian De Buffrénil, Estelle Bourdon, Maitena Dumont, Laurent Viriot, Jean-Yves Sire To cite this version: Antoine Louchart, Vivian De Buffrénil, Estelle Bourdon, Maitena Dumont, Laurent Viriot, etal.. Bony pseudoteeth of extinct pelagic birds (Aves, Odontopterygiformes) formed through a response of bone cells to tooth-specific epithelial signals under unique conditions. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2018, 8 (1), 10.1038/s41598-018-31022-3. hal-02363288 HAL Id: hal-02363288 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02363288 Submitted on 21 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Bony pseudoteeth of extinct pelagic birds (Aves, Odontopterygiformes) formed Received: 4 May 2018 Accepted: 26 July 2018 through a response of bone cells Published: xx xx xxxx to tooth-specifc epithelial signals under unique conditions Antoine Louchart1,2, Vivian de Bufrénil3, Estelle Bourdon 4,5, Maïtena Dumont1,6, Laurent Viriot1 & Jean-Yves Sire7 Modern birds (crown group birds, called Neornithes) are toothless; however, the extinct neornithine Odontopterygiformes possessed bone excrescences (pseudoteeth) which resembled teeth, distributed sequentially by size along jaws.
    [Show full text]