CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS Y EXPERIMENTACIÓN DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS

TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES 2010 © 2011, Ministerio de Fomento. CEDEX.

Diseño gráfico y producción: Calamar Edición & Diseño

NIPO: 163-11-004-1 ISSN: 1697-3555 Depósito Legal: M-38.693-2011 CONTENTS

Presentation ...... 4

El Organismo ...... 6

Relaciones Externas y Actividades Comerciales ...... 8

Gabinete de Formación y Documentación ...... 10

Secretaría del CEDEX ...... 16

Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos ...... 24

Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas ...... 38

Centro de Estudios del Transporte ...... 54

Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas ...... 68

Laboratorio Central de Estructuras y Materiales ...... 80

Laboratorio de Geotecnia ...... 90

Laboratorio de Interoperabilidad Ferroviaria ...... 114

Centro de Estudios Históricos de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo ...... 140

Annex: courses, congresses, publications, technical reports and committees . . . 148

Abbreviations ...... 186 PRESENTACIÓN

rom an economic perspective, 2010 was char- are requiring less technological services from acterised by the application of a strict Auster- CEDEX. F ity Plan, imposed by the need to adapt the Body to the general economic situation. Furthermore, we are faced with the trend towards a transfer to the Autonomous Regions and privatisa- Where income was concerned, in 2010 CEDEX was tion, to such an extent that the workload the Minis- affected by a reduction in capital transfer of 22.8% terio de Fomento and Ministry of Environment and 0.8% in current transfer. There was also a 15.2% Centros Directivos demand of us tends to decrease reduction in the number of Management Orders as as the functional and/or territorial scope of their ac- a result of the austerity plans implemented by the tivity diminishes. Ministerio de Fomento and Ministry of Environment Centros Directivos, which traditionally require What is more, the global crisis that is affecting us CEDEX’s services, because they are also subjected gives no cause for optimism where a recovery in the to major restrictions. levels of capital transfer and current transfer is con- cerned, in the light of the sharp reductions in the Na- From an expenditure viewpoint, this reduction in in- tional Budget 2009 and 2010. come brought with it a reduction in real investment (2.8%), in purchases (2.3%), in running expenses on However, we have found major strengths and oppor- goods and services (5.97%) and also in expenditure tunities with which to counteract these weaknesses on personnel (4.3%). and uncertainties. In fact, the competitiveness of a construction sector in the process of internationali- The imbalance between expenditure and income was sation needs Spanish know-how and requires the made up for by a reduction of almost 5 million €in specialist technical support of the private companies the Working Capital. that are becoming internationalised in areas which are CEDEX’s motivating- and driving-force. This situation is unsustainable, because it would lead to a depletion of our reserves, making it advisable Furthermore, CEDEX has begun to strengthen its ties to a take a series of measures, not all of which were with bodies or institutions abroad, with a view to in- aimed at reducing expenditure; these were submit- ternationalising its services. ted to the CEDEX Governing Body for approval. At the same time, the internationalisation of the ac- First of all, it must be pointed out, albeit briefly, what tivities of CEDEX -as the technological showcase for we believe the conditions to be that we have to re- the Ministries upon which we depend from a func- act against. tional perspective, in the field of testing and research -, means that the Body has the proverbial “wind in its From a structural perspective, we are faced with a sails”, given that it is recognised as an international reduction in the demand for technical services that benchmark, thanks to the many years of work that is associated with a gradual reduction in invest- CEDEX has successfully carried out in the sector. ment, no longer as a result of the crisis, but of the level of infrastructure in Spain. However, the re- Furthermore, the powers that have been transferred duction due to the crisis has to be added to this to the Autonomous Regions or privatised where pub- reduction in investment, as the former means that lic works and environmental management are con- the Ministries upon which we depend functionally cerned, still require technological support. As a result,

4 PRESENTATION CEDEX can continue to provide these services fungible goods, paper, photocopiers and office ma- through agreements or contracts, for the purpose of terial; regarding travelling expenses, etc. which it can rely on a magnificent “goodwill”. The change lies in the fact that we must get used to hav- An effort has also been made to cut down on pur- ing a host of clients and users, when until now, nearly chases. In this sense, steps have been taken to op- all the CEDEX’s service were for the Ministerio de Fo- timise the use of our own resources, reducing the mento and the Ministry of Environment. The afore- contracting of technical assistance. mentioned serves to supplement the workload coming from those Ministries, which guarantee a Perhaps one challenge for the coming years where solid work base. expenditure reduction is concerned, without losing any technological “clout”, lies in making the most of What is more, CEDEX is regarded as the R&D&I the synergies and carrying out a comprehensive man- benchmark centre in the area of public works and agement of the investments within the Body. This environmental management, which amounts to an means enhancing network activities, which gives excellent opportunity in an environment where all CEDEX an excellent opportunity, because it will en- the diagnoses point to the paramount importance able us to give our clients an all-encompassing serv- of innovation in overcoming the crisis. By way of ex- ice. ample, the “innovative public purchase” strategy, constitutes a challenge where CEDEX can undoubt- From a technical perspective, CEDEX continues to edly play a major role. spearhead the technological support for the Ministe- rio de Fomento and the Ministry of Environment in In view of the above, in 2010 steps were taken to di- the areas of public works and environmental man- versify the demand for CEDEX’s services not only in agement, to which the activities undertaken by the other Ministerial Departments, Autonomous Regions, Centros and Laboratorios included in this Annual Re- Provincial Councils, but also with Local Councils and port bear witness. private companies. It goes without saying that prior- ity is being given to strengthening contacts for the Finally, it must be pointed out that all the CEDEX’s Management Orders with the Ministerio de Fomento technological potential on an international level, is and the Ministry of Environment. based upon the merits and abilities of our person- nel: engineers, scientists, administrative staff, aux- It has also been necessary to apply expenditure re- iliaries, civil servants and other permanent staff. And, duction policies where supplies are concerned (tele- of course, a prerequisite to maintaining this Body’s phone, water and electricity contracts were very high standards, necessarily involves keeping up renegotiated); the rationalisation of space (reloca- the professional level and motivating the personnel, tion of the CEHOPU); security staff (investment in in- which are essential objectives where management is telligent security systems); in building and garden concerned. maintenance and conservation; in consumption of

Madrid, Junio de 2010 Mariano Navas Gutiérrez

PRESENTATION 5 EL ORGANISMO

STATUS AND DIRECTORATE AND ORGANIZATION FUNCTIONS

The CEDEX is an Autonomous Public Agency, dependent DIRECCIÓN upon the Ministerio de Fo- mento (Ministry of Transport), while, from an operating RELACIONES EXTERNAS point of view, it depends upon SECRETARÍA the Ministerios de Fomento Y ACTIVIDADES COMERCIALES (Ministry of Transport) and the Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino (Ministry of the Environment, Agriculture CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS and Fishing) (Royal Decrees 1136/2002, dated 31st Octo- ber, 591/2005, dated 20th May, 364/2009, dated 20th March, 638/2010, dated 14th CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS May; and 582/2011, dated 20th April).

The work developed by the CE- DEX focuses on providing spe- CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE cialised technical assistance to the Ministerios de Fomento and de Medio Ambiente. It is a public R&D&i reference centre CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS in the fields of public works and the environment, provi- ding society with the technolo- gical progress generatedin these fields by a determined LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE dedication to broadcasting ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES and dissemination of kno- wledge.

Likewise, the Organism meets LABORATORIO DE GEOTECNIA other requests coming either from other public administra- tions or from the private sec- tor, it works in close collabo- LABORATORIO DE ration with similar institutions INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA of other countries on applied research joint programmes, and is present in the interna- tional scene, within the frame- CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS work of Spanish Cooperation DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO for Development Assistance.

6 EL ORGANISMO GOVERNING BODIES

Consejo

El Consejo es el órgano que conoce y orienta las actividades del Organismo. De acuerdo con el Real Decreto 1136/2002, de 31 de octubre, por el que se aprueba el Estatuto del Centro de Estudios y Ex- perimentación de Obras Públicas, aprobado en el BOE de 8 de noviembre, y modificado por los reales decretos: 591/2005, de 20 de mayo; 364/2009, de 20 de marzo; 638/2010, de 14 de mayo; y 582/2011, de 20 de abril). Está integrado por los siguientes miembros:

Presidente: El Secretario de Estado de Planificación e Infraestructuras. Vicepresidente: El Secretario de Estado de Medio Rural y Agua. Vocales por el Ministerio de Fomento: El Subsecretario de Fomento. El Director General de Carreteras. El Director General de Ferrocarriles. El Director General de la Marina Mercante. El Presidente del Organismo Público Puertos del Estado. Directora General de Arquitectura y Política de Vivienda. El Director del CEDEX.

Vocales por el Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino: La Subsecretaria de Medio Ambiente, y Medio Rural y Marino. El Director General del Agua. El Director General de Sostenibilidad de la Costa y del Mar. El Director General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental. El Director General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal. El Director General de la Oficina Española de Cambio Climático.

Vocales por el Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación: La Directora General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+i. El Director General de Cooperación Internacional y Relaciones Institucionales.

Secretario: El Subdirector General del Centro de Estudios del Transporte.

Comité de Dirección

El Comité de Dirección del CEDEX es el órgano que asiste al Director en la coordinación y administración del Organismo. Está integrado por los siguientes miembros:

Presidente: Director del CEDEX.

Vocales: Director del Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos. Director del Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas. Director del Centro de Estudios del Transporte. Director del Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas. Director del Laboratorio Central de Estructuras y Materiales. Director del Laboratorio de Geotecnia. Director del Laboratorio de Interoperabilidad Ferroviaria. Centro de Estudios Históricos de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo. Secretario del CEDEX.

Secretario: Jefe de Relaciones Externas y Actividades Comerciales.

EL ORGANISMO 7 RELACIONES EXTERNAS Y ACTIVIDADES COMERCIALES SUMMARY OF THE R&D&I TECHNICAL MANAGEMENT UNIT ACTIVITIES IN 2010

In 2010, the R&D&I Technical Management Unit (CE- DEX) performed the tasks of coordinating, managing and disseminating the research work involved in the projects subsidised in the 2006 and 2007 notifica- tions. The projects concerned are associated with the development of the Strategic Infrastructures and Transport Plan within the framework of the Natio- Three projects from the Transport Intermodalidad nal Scientific Research, Development and Techno- Block were completed: logical Innovation Plan (2004-2007). REACTIVA. Encouraging positive attitudes to public Difussion transport. PRO-BICI. Methodologies for planning and mana- As was the case the year before, the 3rd R&D&I Pro- ging bicycle utilisation strategies. ject Workshop took place in the boardroom at the INTER-NODAL. Analysis of improvements to acces- Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas. sibility and efficiency for intermodal operation nodes and logistics platforms. Applied to specific cases. The aims of this Workshop are twofold: to rapidly in- clude the research results in the transport policies Two projects were completed in the Highways Block: of the Ministerio de Fomento and the sector in ge- neral, for the purpose of which they inform those in- METEOSAFETY. Accident reduction in adverse we- volved about fulfilment of the subsidised activities; ather condition study, Highway management through the other aim is to enable the different work teams tolls maximising social benefits for sustainable mo- to interrelate, so that they can lay the foundations for bility. consistent and ongoing knowledge, thereby contri- buting to establishing the bases for new lines of re- Finally, in the Railways Block, the following projects search or for backing up those already under way. were completed: Determining the accepted risk-le- vel for railway operations in Spain for the different One of the most outstanding aspects of this Works- current subsystems, GESTA, analysis of the syste- hop was that 22 papers were submitted. As was the matic energy consumption on metropolitan, subur- case with previous encounters of this kind, the pa- ban and high-speed railway lines, with energy impact pers were organised into subjects: twelve of them assessment and the economic consequences, in- were in the Transport Intermodality Block, five in the cluding the development and comparison of para- Highways Block and the other five in the Railways meterisable models and simulators (ELECRAIL), TA- Block. The content of the papers was made availa- RIFO – Establishing Charging methodologies for ble at the website www.cedex.es/idipeit and was in- using Railway Infrastructures that are consistent cluded in the workshop documentation, together with with transport policy Aims. a summary of the activities under way in the projects for both notifications. The reports and documents fruit of the research work and the completed projects are all available at the List of projects website www.cedex.es/idipeit and can be found in the CATA database (CEDEX). Eight projects were completed in 2010 and the re- maining seven are still in progress. Three of the com- pleted reports belonged to the Maritime Transport and Port Terminals group: Maritime-railway integra- tion; Optimising and studying port terminals and Risk-analysis tools for port facilities.

RELACIONES EXTERNAS Y ACTIVIDADES COMERCIALES / 9 GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN TECHNICAL AND SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTA- vice on legislation, tendering and public employment TION AND INFORMATION PROGRAMME in Europe, Spain and the Autonomous Regions; it is updated automatically on a daily basis. Hispagua is The CEDEX PROGRAMA DE INFORMACIÓN Y DOCU- currently the top main domestic portal on inland wa- MENTACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TÉCNICA (TECHNICAL AND ters, not only regarding quality and quantity, but also SCIENTIFIC DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION with respect to the number of visits received. PROGRAMME) has carried on with its work develo- ping technology-transfer tools in the field of civil en- • An active part is still being played in the European gineering and the associated environment. Basically, cooperation project SEMIDE/EMWIS (Euro-Medite- its activities cover 3 areas: rranean Information System on know-how in the Wa- ter Sector). Hispagua is the system’s National Focal • Participating in international projects and networks Point and, from the outset of the project, CEDEX has concerning information, documentation and data- been a member of the Technical Unit that runs and bases associated with inland waters and water-re- coordinates it. source management. The 14th Management Committee Meeting, and the • Implementing and developing information systems 10th SEMIDE National Focal Points Coordination Se- on the Internet in a variety of civil engineering fields minar are among the project activities in which CE- and the associated environment. DEX has participated; the seminar studies and analy- ses the water shortage and drought indexes. Both • Developing and updating terminology tools (mul- activities were held in Florence. tilingual thesauri and dictionaries) in the transport and road areas. • The contents of the SIAGUA (Latin American In- formation System on Water) information system were In the inland waters field, and in fulfilment of the also augmented and new services were developed; agreements signed with the Dirección General del the system brings together a virtual community of Agua of the Secretaría de Estado de Medio Rural y users and bodies associated with the sector in La- Agua (Ministry of Environment): tin America, and it is sponsored by the region’s Con- ference of Water General Directors. This network not • Further progress was made in 2010 on expanding only performs the functions of coordinating and plan- the contents and services at the Internet subject por- ning the system, but is also responsible for and ad- tal on inland waters in Spain, Hispagua, with the in- ministrates its International Focal Point. clusion of new and advanced web services and con- tents. One of the latter that must be mentioned is the SIAGUA’s 6th Technical Conference was organised implementation of a technological monitoring ser- and run in 2010; it was held in Antigua, Guatemala.

GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN / 11 Biblioteca. Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas.

In another area of civil engineering, work is being • An active part is being played in the Technical Com- done on updating the Beach Guide, as part of the mittee on Terminology and Translation Assistance agreement established with the Dirección General (CTERM) of the World Road Association (PIARC), the de Sostenibilidad de la Costa y el Mar. It is a data- Spanish-speaking secretariat being one of the many base that collects a variety of technical, sanitation posts occupied. In 2010, the main aim of the work and environmental information of technical interest, was to update the PIARC’s Technical Road Dictionary, as well as data concerning services for all the bea- in 5 languages, special emphasis being placed on ches in the country. entering, in these 5 languages, the linguistic equi- valents of the Latin American Spanish terms asso- In the Transport and Roads Area, work was under- ciated with highways. taken involving technology transfer and concerning new breakthroughs in this field, as well as interna- tional cooperation in matters concerning informa- LIBRARY NETWORK 2010 tion, highway documentation and the developing mul- tilingual terminology tools: The CEDEX Library Network, which is functionally de- pendent upon the Gabinete de Formación y Docu- • The role of Spanish Language Coordinating Cen- mentación and coordinated through its Central Li- tre has been taken on for the OECD’s International brary, is composed of 7 specialist libraries, located Transport Research Documentation (ITRD) Pro- in each one of the Centres and Laboratories that gramme. The Spanish contribution to this database constitute the Body. being provided, and the document references from the Latin American countries included in the pro- The Central Library, through its Coordination Pro- gramme are being supervised and coordinated. Ac- gramme, is responsible for managing the budget and tivities were also carried out to make other bodies controlling the Network’s resources. Its main func- and institutions aware of the Spanish contribution to tions include managing all of its library collections, this multilingual cooperation database. facilitating access to all the available electronic jour-

12 / GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN nals and databases, providing the library staff with lable to the general public and can also be acces- training, representing the CEDEX in library coopera- sed on the Internet at the following address: tion forums and running the Network’s internal and http://www.cedex.es/castellano/documentacion/ external communications channels. red.html

It has been devised as a horizontal scientific and The number of journals and periodical publications technical information system that enables the user currently in circulation that form part of the Network to select, organise, disseminate and access the re- currently stands at 433; the texts from 195 of these sources, making it an essential Document Reference can be accessed in their entirety in their electronic Centre for all engineers and technicians in the civil version. In this section, it must be pointed out that engineering and associated environment sector, whe- there has been a sharp rise in the number of users ther they are at CEDEX or working in public and pri- accessing the electronic journals, whereas the re- vate companies. ference rates for the titles that are only available in paper form have remained at the same level as in The main aim is for it to serve as a useful tool to back preceding years. up the Body’s research and technical assistance pro- cesses, lending its support to the scientific quality of the work carried out in the different civil engineering TRAINING PROGRAMME REPORT 2010 fields. In the Training Programme, work continued along the In 2010, its catalogue increased by 1,796 volumes, same lines as in previous years with a view to dis- and the collection now contain a total of 154,741 seminating and transferring knowledge, managing works. It features monographs, journals, maps, its activities in an efficient and professional way, in electronic resources, etc., deposited in the diffe- order to provide ongoing training and to enhance the rent network libraries, plus 7,000 technical reports transfer of technology between civil engineering pro- prepared at CEDEX. The entire catalogue is avai- fessionals.

GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN / 13 With respect to the Management Order signed with Organising the Conference on the Use of Geos- the Dirección General del Agua (Ministry of Environ- ynthetics in Waste Containment Facilities was ano- ment), further work was done on developing the La- ther outstanding activity, during which the eminent tin American Training Programme in matters con- specialist Dr. Zornberg presented his paper to 184 cerning water; it has been split into 3 major areas: guests.

• Basic Thematic Areas Where innovation was concerned, reference must be -Planning, operating and managing river basins made to the holding of the “CEDEX Encounters” as -Water and the environment, hydrology and mo- a means for including CEDEX in a knowledge-ex- delling change forum on public works, engineering and the -Storage and drainage associated environment.

• Transversal Thematic Areas During the first half of 2010, selective courses were -Governability held to prepare Civil Engineers (5-year graduates and -Geographical Information Systems and re- 3-year graduates) for Civil Service Entrance Exams, mote-sensing technologies as well as a total of 5 specific course of great inte- rest to public works professionals, 10 symposiums, • Specific Thematic Areas 2 conferences, 5 seminars and 5 workshops. -Hydrogeology -Climate and extreme events The different Training Programme activities also in- -Water quality volved organising meetings, platforms and commit- -Glaciology tees at CEDEX’s facilities; they were chosen as the venues for numerous public and private institutions, No less than 17 courses were grouped into these sec- more than 300 people attending. tors, amounting to a total of 593 teaching hours in different cities, including Lisbon, Montevideo, La An- Where the Internal Training of the CEDEX’s person- tigua, Cartagena de Indias, Santiago de Chile, Ha- nel was concerned, and focusing on the 2010 On- vana and Brasilia. going Training Plan, new training activities were de- veloped, special attention being paid to the specific In the field of long courses, a Master’s in Soil Me- training courses concerning the Environmental Ma- chanic and Geotechnical Engineering was given as nagement and Quality Management Systems as ba- a Degree course from the Universidad Politécnica de sic aspects in the strategy to be followed to improve Madrid, for the second year running. With 30 stu- the Body. dents from abroad and 560 teaching hours, it forms part of that University’s training offer, and is equi- The courses as a whole can be classified into the valent to 60 ECTS. The International General and Ap- following 3 major blocks: plied Hydrology Course was also given, in this case amounting to 420 teaching hours and attended by • Courses aimed at professional promotion and ca- 25 students. reers in the administration.

Courses of great prestige were yet again given in • Courses that serve to motivate the employees of 2010 in the field of short courses and seminars con- this Body and ensure that they are committed. cerning aspects of Civil Engineering. Examples, in- cluded the 28th Course on Wastewater Treatment • Courses whose purpose is to improve the CEDEX and Treatment Plant Operations, with 80 teaching employees’ skills and qualifications. hours and 82 students from different professional sectors, as well as the Course on Strategic Environ- The aforementioned Plan has thus emerged as a ma- mental Assessment: Breakthroughs and New Pers- jor force in ensuring that CEDEX operates in an op- pectives, with 32 teaching hours and 19 students. timum way where quality is concerned, not only re-

14 / GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN garding administrative aspects, but also with respect Document Nº 7 “General Dictionary of Architecture to the different technical specialities, in which a re- and Engineering” has been produced as part of the search and experimentation Body like CEDEX is cle- collection History of Engineering Documents collec- arly committed to remaining at the forefront. tion. A new Notebook, Nº 7, entitled “The Recovery of the In accordance with these premises, no less than 68 Winthuysen Garden in the former College of Engi- course have been given. The total teaching time neering at El Cerrillo de San Blas”, has been issued, amounted to 3,175 hours and 504 students attended. as part of the CEHOPU Research Notebooks collec- tion. In addition to the publication “Carlos Fernández Ca- 2010 CEDEX PUBLICATION PLAN sado in Images. The Vertigo of Bridges and the Digi- tal Gauging Annual 2007 – 2008. The CEDEX Publication Plan continues to contribute to the CEDEX’s tasks by issuing journals of a tech- nical and scientific nature in the areas of public works and the environment. In 2010, issues 157, 158, 159 and 160 of the journal Ingeniería Civil were published. Three new titles were added to the Monograph co- llection, namely: - Criteria for applying treatment plant sludge in far- ming. Stability and sanitation. - Regulation Tank Technical Guide. - How transport emissions have evolved in Spain and neighbouring countries: France, United Kingdom and Germany. Examples of Good Practice.

GABINETE DE FORMACIÓN Y DOCUMENTACIÓN / 15 SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX HUMAN RESOURCES

On 31st December 2010, there were a total of 724 The fact that the restrictive policy is still in force in persons at CEDEX, 10 more than the 714 registe- matters concerning Public Employment that, with a red at the beginning of the year. 71 people joined the view to cutting down on public expenditure, limits CEDEX during the year whereas 61 left, 16 of these to 10% the replacement rate for employees in the Pu- due to retirement. For the first time, the personnel blic Sector Employment in 2011 (15% in 2010), me- with university qualifications amounted to 50% of the ans that it is likely to be difficult to maintain, in the total human resources, so this major indicator, which medium term, the same number of employees, in has increased by 20% in the period 2005-2010, is view of the demographic characteristics of its work consistent with the CEDEX’s technological and in- force, whose natural growth rate clearly shows a novative nature. downward trend.

EVOLUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES BY QUALIFICATION LEVELS

Category 2006 % 2007 % 2008 % 2009 % 2010 % Graduates (5-year course) 228 32,2 235 33,1 241 34,3 266 37,3 288 39,8 Graduates (3-year course) 79 11,2 84 11,8 81 11,5 77 10,8 76 10,5 Technical staff 293 41,4 289 40,6 290 41,3 283 39,5 272 37,6 Office workers 107 15,1 103 14,5 90 12,8 88 12,3 88 12,2 Sub-Total 707 711 702 714 724 Grant holders 8 26 21 22 23 Total 715 737 723 736 747

350

300 Graduates (5-year course)

250 Graduates (3-year course)

200 Technical staff Office workers 150 Grant holders 100

50

0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX / 17 PERSONNEL ON 31-12-2010

Civil Other permanent Research Total % Total Women % Women servants employees contracts Graduates (5-year course) 205 2 81 288 39,6 116 40,3 Graduates (3-year course) 73 2 1 76 10,5 27 35,5 Technical staff 76 196 0 272 37,6 55 20,2 Office workers 73 15 0 88 12,2 62 70,5 Total 427 215 82 724 260 35,9

250 PERCENTAGES BY SEXES

200 Women 36% 260 150

100

50

0 Civil Servants Other permanent Research Total employees contracts Men 64% Graduates (5-year Course) Graduates (3-year course) Technical Staff Office Workers 464

PERSONNEL BY CENTRES AND CATEGORIES ON 31-12-2010

CEH CEPYC CET CETA LC LG LIF CEHOPU Servicios Total Centrales Civil servants 89 64 31 22 50 41 13 11 106 427 Other permanent employees 44 22 30 15 42 34 4 1 23 215 Research contracts 30 17 5 12 3 9 5 0 1 82 TOTAL 163 103 66 49 95 84 22 12 130 724

PERCENTAGES BY CENTRES SELECTION PROCESSES MOST FREQUENTLY CONVENED IN 2010 Servicios Centrales 19% CEH 22% Engineering Professionals from Autonomous Bodies CEHOPU 2% Places made available for CEDEX: LIF Autonomous Bodies (Ministerio de Fomento): 0 4% Autonomous Bodies (Ministry of Environment): 0 LG Civil Engineering Corps 12% CEPYC Assigned to CEDEX: 0 13% Information Technology and Systems Corps LC Applied for by CEDEX: 1 13% CET Computing and Systems Management Body CETA 9% 7% Assigned to CEDEX: 0

PERCENTAGES BY EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIPS Special Professional Civil Marine Body Assigned to CEDEX: 0 Research contracts Personal (Graduate (5-year course) contracted for Research Projects 82 Date announced: 06 April 2010 Places made available for CEDEX: 34 Occupied: 33 places Other permanent Grants for training research personnel in areas and in subjects that fall employees. within CEDEX’s sphere of activity 215 Date announced: 06 June 2010 Civil servants Places made available: 14 427 Occupied: 14 places

18 / SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX In view of this, the Public Employment Offer that was tal number of grant holders came to 23, all of them approved for 2010, did not include a convening of as part of the programme of grants for doctorates. posts for the Bodies that had traditionally been shown as the most effective means for recruiting new civil servants qualified in the specialities that are ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT required by CEDEX for its specific needs. As a result, there has been a sharp decrease in the number of The Government’s policy of limiting the public defi- new civil servants joining CEDEX. cit has had a major effect on the CEDEX’s budget ma- nagement. For an initial budget allocation of 51.2 mi- However, where graduates with temporary contracts llion Euros, the Ministry of Economy stated –once the for carrying out research projects (research person- financial year had begun–, that a credit of 1.19 mi- nel) were concerned, the situation was different. With llion Euros was not available in Chapter 6 (inves- 34 new posts being created during 2010. 33 posts tments) nd a further 0.14 million Euros was not avai- were filled by people who have different university lable in Chapter 2 (common expenses), which degrees in technical and scientific specialities. As a amounted to an equivalent reduction in the transfers result, the total number of people with this type of received from the Ministerio de Fomento. When com- contract amounted to 82 graduates by the end of the pared to the figures for 2008, there has been a re- year, an increase of 18 when compared to the 64 duction of 5.2 million Euros (21.2%) over the last two at the end of 2009. financial years where the transfers are concerned.

With respect to the grants programme, a selection Expenditure has basically been determined by the process for 14 positions for training research per- application of the Austerity Plan for the period 2010- sonnel was announced, as part of the National 2013 drawn up by CEDEX at the start of the finan- R&D&I Plan, to do doctoral theses in areas and in cial year (reviewed in April). Applying the expenditure subjects within CEDEX’s spheres of activity. All the optimisation measures included in the Plan brought places were filled, so, at the end of the year, the to- about a considerable reduction in the common ex-

INCOME BUDGET 2010 (THOUSANDS OF EUROS)

Item Final budget Rights recognised Implementation % 31. Fees 570.00 433.27 76% 33. Sale of goods 71.00 38.24 54% 38. Repayments 8.00 57.69 Not representative 39. Other income 450.00 453.34 101% Chap. 3. Fees and other income 1,099.00 982.54 Not representative 40. Current transfers from the State 16,123.39 15,978.36 99% (1) 41. Current transfers, others 113.92 Chap. 4. Current transfers 16,123.39 16,092.28 100% 52. Interest, deposits and deferment 30.00 74.31 Not representative 57. Returns commercial operations 12,000.00 58. Working capital variation 17.344,45 Chap. 5. Beneficial interest 29,374.45 74.31 700. Transf. of capital from the State (MFOM) 4,520.47 3,332.93 74% (1) 701. Capital transfers, others 30.00 305.65 78. Grants 305.65 Chap. 7. Capital transfers 4,550.47 4,162.02 91% Chap. 8. Financial assets 38.32 31.13 81% TOTAL BUDGET INCOME 51,185.63 21,342.28 Not representative Commercial operations 21,500.00 18,971.56 88%

(1) Reduction due to non-availability of credit

SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX / 19 EXPENSE BUDGET 2010 (THOUSANDS OF EUROS)

Item Final credit Current liabilities Implementation % 10. Senior staff 59.52 23.28 39% 12. Civil servants 16,263.86 13,965.54 86% 13. Other permanent employees 4,958.63 4,642.37 94% 15. Performance incentives 1,162.42 1,131.47 97% 16. Social security contributions 5,090.75 4,442.05 87% Chap. 1. Personnel expenditure 27,535.18 24,204.71 88% 20. Renting 20.18 12.21 61% 21. Repairs and conservation 1,380.92 1,102.38 80% 22. Material, supplies and others 6,511.51 4,736.36 73% 23. Compensation due to the service 1,404.79 595.57 42% 24. Publications 351.18 97.27 28% Chap. 2. Goods and services 9,668.58 6,543.79 68% (1) 48. Transfer to families 1,010.01 284.41 28% 49. To the exterior 73.13 58.25 80% Chap. 4. Current transfers 1,083.14 342.66 32% 62. Investments (new services operating)* 6,177.21 3,410.28 55% 63. Investments (replacements) 4,601.16 3,126.81 68% 64. Investments (non-material) * 1,097.04 756.69 69% Chap. 6. Investments 11,875.41 7,293.78 61% (1) Chap. 7. Capital transfers 985.00 577.73 59% Chap. 8. Financial assets 38.32 38.32 100% TOTAL EXPENSE BUDGET 51,185.63 39,000.99 76% Commercial operations 9,500.00 6,280.36 66%

(1) Reduction due to declaration by Treasury of non-availability of credit * Suma Programme 451M and 467B

2010 BUDGET EXECUTION

INCOME (WITHOUT CAPITAL TRANSFER) EXPENDITURE (WITHOUT INVESTMENT OR R&D&I PROGRAMME)

Fees and other income Commercial operations 3% 17%

Current transfers 1% Commercial operations 52%

Current transfers Goods and services 44% 18% Personnel expenditure 64%

Beneficial interest 1%

20 / SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX INCOME BY CENTRES AND BENEFICIARIES OF THE ACTIVITIES IN 2010 (DATA IN EUROS, EXCLUDING VAT)

CEH CEPYC CET CETA REYAC LC LG LIF TOTAL % dest/total Rights to be paid due to Agreements and commissioning from clients MINISTERIO DE FOMENTO 2,456,477 884,656 419,112 53,183 800,225 1,983,058 677,169 7,273,880 35 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT 5,307,641 1,059,154 159,980 1,317,695 1,136,880 224,093 9,205,443 44 REST OF ADMINISTRATION 6,210 300,941 284,305 78,376 3,284 673,116 3 REST OF DOMESTIC CLIENTS 238,730 79,060 127,935 248,770 123,148 23,341 840,984 4 INTERNATIONAL CLIENTS 30,807 242,664 11,178 693,489 978,138 5 Subtotal Agreements and commissions 5,552,581 3,546,438 1,366,360 2,165,683 1,1190,063 1,568,571 2,184,582 1,397,283 18,971,561 Other income FEES 388,353 44,914 433,267 2 SALE OF BOOKS 36,892 36,892 0 INCOME FROM COURSES 368,511 368,511 2 GRANTS FOR R&D&I PROJECTS AND OTHERS 98,569 532,827 115,764 9,039 113,924 63,996 8,923 943,012 5 Subtotal for other income 98,569 532,827 115,764 9,039 519,327 452,319 53,837 0 1,781,682 TOTAL RIGHTS TO BE PAID 5,651,150 4,079,265 1,482,124 2,174,722 1,709,390 2,020,890 2,238,419 1,397,283 20,753,243 100 % CENTRO/TOTAL 27% 20% 7% 10% 8% 10% 11% 7% 100%

Note: The table shows all the rights generated for activity carried out by the CEDEX’s Centres and laboratories throughout 2010.

PERCENTAGES BY CENTRES PERCENTAGES BY BENEFICIARIES

INTERNATIONAL CLIENTS 5% LG 11% REST OF DOMESTIC GRANTS 5% LIF 7% CLIENTS 4% LC 10% REST OF ADMINISTRATION 3% CETA 10% CEH 27% MINISTERIO DE REYAC 8% FOMENTO 35%

CET 7% MINISTRY OF CEPYC 20% ENVIRONMENT 44%

SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX / 21 penses, which amounted to a saving of 1.3 million € de Programación Técnica y Científica, which until that (16.8%) when compared to the expenditure for 2009. time was the unit responsible for the functions of a As far as investments were concerned, and in ac- horizontal nature associated with the running of the cordance with what was included in the Plan, an at- Body. tempt was made to invest to the same extent as in previous years, in order to counteract the effects of The aforementioned change required a redefining of the expenditure limits on CEDEX technology capa- CEDEX structure with the establishment of the Se- city. Investments as a whole amounted to 7.3 million cretariat of the CEDEX, which took over the functions € (95% of the investment values for 2009). of the former Subdirección General-, and the crea- tion of a new unit known as External Relations and Where income was concerned, the CEDEX’s com- Commercial Activities. mercial activity led to an income of 19 million €, an increase of 2% over the income in 2009, although in This new unit, whose purpose is to enhance the com- both cases there was a decrease when compared mercial projection functions with respect to the ac- to the income recorded in the preceding years. Once tivities carried out by CEDEX where its target is con- the expenditure associated with this commercial ac- cerned, also takes on the functions developed by the tivity was deducted (purchases and salaries of per- Gabinete de Formación y Documentación, (Training sonnel with research contracts), which came to 6.3 and Documentation) which were hitherto the res- million €, the final balance for commercial opera- ponsibility of the Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Apli- tions amounted to 12.7 mill €. It must be pointed out cadas. that there was a considerable reduction in the in- come associated with the work carried out for the Di- As a result of this new organisational structure, the rección General del Agua, due to the delay in the posts of Director del Gabinete Técnico and Gerente subscription of a new contract. del CEHOPU were eliminated, and CEHOPU, in com- pliance with the provisions contained in CEDEX´s The income generated as a whole by CEDEX´s com- Statute, now depends directly on the Director of the mercial activity caused the self-financing rate in CEDEX. Reference must be made to the change af- 2010, investments included, to amount to 44%, a fecting the financing model for the CEHOPU’s acti- considerable drop with respect to the 49% reached vities, hitherto associated with the 1% cultural, which in 2008. However, owing to the expenditure limits, would now depend, as the rest of the CEDEX activi- there was an appreciable improvement when com- ties, on the work commissioned by the Ministerio pared to the 42% recorded in 2009. de Fomento and other institutions. The aforemen- tioned change to the financing model requires a fur- The work done during 2010 led to the completion ther modification to be made to the CEDEX´s Sta- of 123 of the 488 projects in which CEDEX was in- tute, which is now taking place and will come into volved in order to carry out the different activities force in 2011. The CEHOPU is expected to step up its commissioned and its own internal projects. As a devotion to the functions involved in preserving the result, 266 reports were issued, of which 71 were public works national heritage and developing the final reports. Transport and Public Works Museum.

ORGANISATION AND MANAGEMENT The organisation chart resulting from this restruc- turing is as shown in this report, which also inclu- The most important occurrence of the year took place des the Laboratorio de Interoperabilidad Ferroviaria, as a result of the modification, by virtue of Royal De- which was established towards the end of 2009, as cree 638/2010, dated 14th May, to the Statute of an independent unit of the Centro de Estudios del CEDEX that turned it into an autonomous body with Transporte. the status of Subdirección General, which is still de- pendent upon the Secretary of State of Planning and Where management aspects were concerned, men- Infrastructures (Ministry of Transport). The same RD tion must be made of the implementation of an en- decreed the elimination of the Subdirección General vironmental management system, in accordance

22 / SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX with ISO Standard 14001, which is to be implemen- tion by means of a decentralisation of the procedu- ted throughout CEDEX in 2011, following the exam- res affecting certain types of expenditures, which has ple of the pilot experience carried out in 2009 in served to speed up the administrative processes. the Centro de Estudios de Técnicas Aplicadas, as a result of which the latter was awarded the ISO certi- Finally, reference must be made to the implemen- ficate. tation of a new Contracting Information System, which is ready to be integrated in the future with other Further progress was made in 2010 on the work star- external electronic administration components and ted in 2009 involving the administrative simplifica- services associated with public contracting.

SECRETARÍA DEL CEDEX / 23 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS HYDRAULICS LABORATORY

In the area of operational dam safety, the enlarge- ments of the spillways of the Yesa dam and Calanda dam (in the Ebro River basin), and the Guadalmel- lato dam (in the Andalucia Basin) have been mod- elled.

Figure 2. Physical modelling for the Yesa Dam spillway shaft

collaborative work was completed with the An- dalucía Water Board on the hydraulic study of the River Guadalmedina as it passes through the City of Málaga.

Apart from the aforementioned work involving phys- ical modelling, the Hydraulics Laboratory also carried out a considerable amount of work with mathemat- Figure 1. Guadalmellato Dam test ical modelling in 2010, especially in the field of river hydraulics. Firstly, the IBER model was publicly The outflow structures for the new Regajo, Terroba launched. Since 2007, IBER has been developed by and Mularroya Dams have also been studied using CEDEX in collaboration with the Universidad Politéc- scale models; all of these are under the jurisdiction nica de Catalunya y Universidad de A Coruña, with a of the Ebro River Basin Authority. view to developing a computational flood wave flow model (See monographic article). In the field of river hydraulics using physical models, further progress was made on studying the envi- Concerning the area of numerical modelling, further ronmental restoration work on the Quinzanas Me- work was carried out on the development of the Hy- ander on the River Narcea (Cantábrico River Basin draulics Laboratory’s own codes for a Langrangian Authority). In this area of urban river hydraulics, A model of SPH-type particles, a room for the stereo-

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 25 Figure 5. Tests with Iberian nase on the fish ladder.

Figure 3. Numerical modelling with IBER for the Mularroya Dam sions have been reached; they will be checked in a spillway new test campaign (2010-2011). scopic display of mathematical models being pre- The Hydraulics Laboratory’s participation in 3 major pared, known as the virtual reality room. R&T&I National Plan projects on dam safety in 2010 is one of the outstanding occurrences in matters in- Great progress has been made in the field of envi- volving research and technological development: ronmental hydraulics with studies that have been the XPRES Project concerning the behaviour of earth conducted for several years in designing fish ladders dams exposed to floods exceeding the design flood with top overflow (together with the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the International Centre for Numerical Methods in Engineering, (CIMNE); the ALIVESCA Project for the study of the performance of stepped spillways without caissons (together with the Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña and the com- pany DRAGADOS); and a third project for the study of the existing dam outflow capacity increase through the construction of special spillways, siphons and labyrinths (together with the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid and the company Jesús Granell SA).

Figure 4. Modelación numérica con SPH del aliviadero de la In the applied research area, in 2010 the Hydraulics presa de Calanda Laboratory set in motion a project for using in situ re- search to evaluate the actual coarseness of the wa- for dams and weirs. More specifically, and following ter supply piping in service. Throughout the year, the established Test Protocols, the first systematic numerous experimental measurements were taken test campaign with fish was conducted from De- in the Canal de Isabel II (Madrid) and EMALCSA net- cember 2009 to July 2010. The tests were con- works (A Coruña). ducted with rainbow trout (December 2009), com- mon trout (January-February 2010), Iberian nase The Spanish Hydraulics Laboratories Network (April-May 2010) and common barbel (May and one (RLHE), set up in 2008 -including our Hydraulics test in July 2010), studying the behaviour of the fish Laboratory and the rest of the Spanish laboratories, on the ladder with two flow rates (100 l/s and 250 mainly university facilities-, with a view to enhancing l/s). The first results were obtained with regard to the R&D&I in this field, continued with its usual work, specimens that jumped the ladder (all the tested holding two seminars involving engineers from the in- species passed) and the first provisional conclu- stitutions that make up the Network, one of which

26 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS tection panels) and enlarging the general switch- board for the transformation centre.

The Hydraulics Laboratory (including the scale-model testing shed and what has come to be known as the virtual reality room) received a large number of tech- nical visits in 2010 from different domestic and foreign areas. They included the visit from the Spanish Con- gress Environmental Committee or the Emergency Military Unit, amongst others. Foreign visits included the Kenyan Government’s Permanent Secretary to the Ministry of Regional Development Authorities in July 2010 and the Brazilian Association of Sanitary Engi- neering, in December 2010. In a more informative ca- pacity where our activities are concerned, the Hy- draulics Laboratory was included in the programming of Madrid City Council’s “Open Nights” (September 2010), when it was visited by more than 300 people during the course of the night.

WATER AND ENVIRONMENT STUDIES MANAGEMENT

Figure 6. Research on siphon spillways In the Studies and Planning Area, further support considered the so-called priority lines of research was given to the process of hydrological planning cur- and the other, specific, concerning instrumentation rently under way. in hydraulics laboratories. As far as delimiting the river basin districts was con- In the area of knowledge diffusion, a collaboration cerned, the Subdirección General de Planificación y with the IAHR started in 2010 to act as Editors of the new electronic bulletin Newsflash Iberoamérica aimed at the Spanish and Portuguese speaking countries. 2 issues were published in 2010 (July and October).

Major changes were made to the Hydraulics Labo- ratory facilities in 2010, such as increasing the pumping capacity by purchasing new centrifugal pumps that have a pumping capacity of 2 m3/s, with 10 metres of water pressure columns, meaning that it was necessary to improve the electricity supply (which involved installing two new control and pro-

Figure 8. Publication prepared on the occasion of the “Open Figure 7. The IAHR’s Newflash Iberoamérica electronic bulletin Night” (Sept. 2010)

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 27 Uso Sostenible del Agua asked for an explanation for the discrepancies detected between the boundaries for the Júcar and Segura river basin districts, as sent by their respective Water Authorities, so that in- formation could be sent to the European Commis- sion.

Within the framework of reviewing the current basin plans, participation in the coordination meetings called by the aforementioned Subdirección General continued with the Water Authority Planning Offices. Replies were given to the specific questions asked by one of the Planning Offices, the River Segura Basin Figure 9. Restoring the riverbank in the Cantábrico Occidental Ri- Authority concerning the resources available with ver Basin District different sets of contribution series. Furthermore, certain questions of a general nature put forward by between this information and the physicochemical the Subdirección itself were dealt with, such as the status and pressure indicators. proposal for technical criteria for establishing the pol- lutant load in each river basin district. Such infor- Finally, further progress was made on analysing the mation is a prerequisite to sending data about the effects of climate change on the available water re- basin plans to the European Commission. sources in the domestic operating systems. The first update of the simulation schemes in the dif- The Technical Guide on Measures Characterization ferent basin districts was completed and and the was finalised. The Guide features of the measures process of validation with the respective water au- envisaged in the Hydrological Planning Instruction, thorities has already started. An application has with a view to making it easier to define the meas- also been prepared for obtaining the input series in ures whose summary must appear in the basin plan. natural regime at each point on the diagram on the These measures cover many and diverse spheres of basis of the results obtained for each global circu- activity, ranging from water resource quality, basically lation, projection and climate change scenario treatment and purifying, to others that are essentially model. An application to enable the user to auto- environmental, which either act directly upon the wa- mate the calculation of the available water re- ter mass, such as replanting along riverbanks or re- sources is under development. This application con- covering the natural riverbed morphology, or upon sists basically of making chained operations of the the catchment area, such as hydrological-forestry hydrological optimisation program. restoration. They also include actions taken to im- prove water-use efficiency, such as reusing regener- In the The Sustainable Water and Land Manage- ated resources or measures aimed at guaranteeing ment Area, the study on the potential impacts of cli- that water demands are met, such as desalination, mate change on water demand was completed. The regulation or piping. study includes the effects of such impact on the de- mand for irrigation water and urban supply, specifi- The task of determining the effectiveness of the cally on domestic demand and the demand for parks measures has also begun; it includes establishing a and municipal gardens. methodology for assessing what impact applying the measures will have on the biological indicators. Where water demand was concerned, further At an initial stage of the analyses, the work focused progress was made on reviewing and adapting the on the River Júcar Basin Authority. The data from dif- urban, agricultural and industrial demand units de- ferent River Júcar Basin Authority control networks fined in the different planning process documents, was compiled and the task of analysing and pro- as well as updating the information concerning wa- cessing the information has started, with a view to ter uses and demands in the White Paper on Water finding out if there are any significant relationships in Spain.

28 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS Figure 10. Cost of investments in piping. Figure 11. Xerta Weir and channel on the right bank of the River Ebro.

Regarding collaboration with respect to the prob- ematical model for the transfer of air temperature lem of nitrates in Spain, the variations in the nitrate to water temperature and a proposal for a fore- content of groundwater in certain river basin dis- casting model to simulate the responses of biolog- tricts was studied, which allowed to start with the cal- ical communities in the future climate change sce- ibration of the water quality module implemented in narios. the SIMPA hydrological model. The biological and physicochemical analyses were The work on the activities involved in the sustainable completed for the three campaigns conducted with management of irrigation water in zones where there a view to characterising and preparing the criteria for is considerable pressure on water masses due to wa- delimiting extremely modified water bodies down- ter abstraction and water resource pollution has stream from reservoirs. started. All the information available about water use and ground use has been compiled, together Several methods have been developed for assessing with data concerning the production yielded by agri- the ecological status of lakes, and the Dirección culture under irrigation in the irrigation zones of the General del Agua has been given advice regarding Ebro Delta and the lower reaches of the River the sampling protocols for different biological qual- Guadalquivir. Two grants for the training of research ity elements, such as phytoplankton and other kinds personnel at CEDEX were convened and awarded of aquatic flora. with a view to supporting this study. The CEH is leading the intercalibration groups on Work has continued on characterising irrigation phytoplankton and macrophyte in Mediterranean measures that will help to guarantee the quality of lakes and reservoirs. During 2010, a database was the waters, and on establishing efficiency and sus- set up with data from all the Mediterranean coun- tainability indicators. Further progress has been tries and information was collected about all the made in the field of measures concerning irrigation, methods used in Spain to establish the ecological advising irrigation subscribers, and irrigation status of lakes and reservoirs. The information used charges. was generated in the EU FP7 WISER project in which CEDEX has played an active role and is currently a In the Water Environment Area, work was com- member of the Advisory Board. pleted on developing a methodology for evaluating the effects of climate change on the ecological sta- In collaboration with the river basin authorities, CEH tus of rivers. The methodology includes establishing is reviewing the reservoirs with maximum ecological the ecological optimums and the tolerance ranges potential; this is being done on the basis of the pres- of water organisms exposed to environmental vari- sure data and biological indicators generated in the ables, selecting the biological indicators that are monitoring programs and provided by the Dirección most sensitive to climate change, preparing a math- General del Agua.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 29 Figure 12.1. Multiparameter probe. Figure 12.2. Cyanobacteria. El Vicario Reservoir.

CEH also participated in the proficiency test 2010 in- Technical advice and assistance have been given to volving taxonomic classification, counting cells and the Universidad de Alcalá de Henares on the lim- calculating biovolumes of phytoplankton established nology study for the dam at the tail of the Pareja by the EQAT (External Quality Assessment Trials Phy- Reservoir. toplankton) organised by the State Reservoir Ad- ministration of Saxony (Germany) and the Working Part of the geochronological analysis (geochemical Committee Drinking-Water Reservoirs (Germany and and dating with radioisotopes) has been completed Luxembourg). Good results were achieved for the on the sediment core samples obtained from several three sections. Antarctic lakes, within the framework of the BYER- SIPY research project involving the study of the non- Concerning the study of the potential toxicity marine aquatic ecosystems in polar areas on the By- caused by cyanobacteria, sampling and physico- ers Peninsula (Livingston Island), and from the chemical and biological analyses were conducted in CHRONOS Supplementary Action. the following reservoirs: Trasona (Cantábrico), Cuerda del Pozo and Barrios de Luna (Duero), In the Water Resources Area, the compilation Navalcán, Miraflores and Rosarito (Tajo), Alange, and analysis of the hydrometric data was com- Vega de Jabalón and Vicario (Guadiana) and Júcar pleted for the hydrological year 2007/08. This in- (Bellús). Biotests were also carried out with Artemia formation from the gauging stations, reservoirs, salina. channels and evaporimetric stations was provided by the river basin authorities. The data was en- Phosphorus and microcystin (cyanotoxins) determi- tered in the HIDRO database at the Centro de Es- nations were carried out by the Water Quality Labo- tudios Hidrográficos. Such information has made ratory, increasing the number of variants analysed in it possible to publish a new Gauging Yearbook up- the sestonic fraction study using the HPLC/MS/MS dated to the hydrological year 2007/08, available technique; the Laboratory also took part in numer- in both on paper and in digital form, with a new lay- ous intercomparison exercises. out. Work also began on preparing the gauging di- rectory for 2008/09. The checking and loading of All the data for the different analytical parameters, the database containing information on the Can- majority ions, additional substances and heavy met- tábrico, Duero, Tajo and Júcar Basins has now als in the Ebro River Basin District have now been en- been completed, and the data for the rest of the tered in the Dirección General del Agua database. A basins is currently being checked. The task of im- groundwater database has also been set up, into proving the tools available in the HIDRO database which data obtained by the Laboratory since 1990 is also being undertaken; this involves loading hy- is being entered, starting with the Duero River Basin drometric information, calculation applications District. and data analysis.

30 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS Progress was also made on developing a methodol- The CEH has continued to give support to the Di- ogy for adjusting the high part of the gauging-station rección General del Agua in drawing up reports on rating curve using the data coming from hydraulic the hydrological status of the basins (4 quarterly re- models and direct gauging, and more work was done ports and 1 annual report) for the hydrological year on analysing the quality of the observed discharge 2009/10. The reports show how hydrological indi- series. cators that detect and monitor droughts have evolved; they are prepared using hydrometeorolog- One of the water resource activities involved up- ical data furnished by the AEMET and the River dating the natural regime estimations throughout Basin Authorities. Further progress was also made Spain, those for the year 2009/10 being com- on the database on past droughts, with a view to pleted in 2010. Work also began on evaluating the improving the evaluation of drought frequencies Portuguese basins that flow into international sec- and severities. tions of the rivers that cross the frontier between Spain and Portugal. The different phases of the hy- With respect to high waters and flooding, work was drological cycle are being simulated using models done in 2010 on updating and validating the maxi- implemented in the CEDEX’s SIMPA system. Re- mum discharge maps using the information fur- garding the SIMPA model work continued on im- nished by the river basin authorities. Furthermore, as plementing distributed hydrologic models that sim- part of the technical assistance to the Dirección ulate groundwater throughout Spain, as well as on General del Agua in the process of implementing the implementing models for treating water in the un- Flood Risk Management and Evaluation Directive saturated zone. and developing the National Flood Zone Mapping System, work began on reviewing and updating the “Methodological Guide for Developing the Flood Maps National System. Hydrological and Hydraulic Studies”, with a view to its forthcoming publication. Work is also being done in collaboration with the Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas, in the prepa- ration of a methodology for analysing floodability in estuaries as a result of the joint action of the sea and high river waters.

Work is also being carried out on preparing a Tech- nical Manual for calculating the design and extreme floods, which can be used to design dam outflow structures; it is being drawn up following a method- ology developed beforehand that was commissioned by the Dirección General del Agua. The tasks in- volved in developing a methodology for analysing the hydrological safety of existing dams have also been initiated.

Internationally, the CEH has continued to give sup- port to the Dirección General del Agua in Working Group F – Floods, as part of the Water Framework Di- rective Common Implementation Strategy.

Work in the Water Technology Area in 2010 was characterized by the setting in motion of a series of new studies, as part of the tasks involved in sup- Figure 13. File from the Gauging Yearbook (2007-2008). Gauging porting the Dirección General del Agua. Station 2021 (River Duero Basin).

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 31 treatment systems in small settlements. The Ministry of Environment is planning to publish it early in 2011. In this area, it must also be pointed out that the CEH is collaborating with the Duero River Basin Authority on devising individual treatment projects of an experimental nature involving wastewater dis- charges in small villages in the Duero Basin.

Where sludge treatment was concerned, a mono- graph was published on treatment plant sludge sta- bility and cleansing so that the sludge can be ap- plied to the land; it contains the conclusions reached in the work carried out in this area by Figure 14. Workshop on “Flood Task Management Plans” CEDEX in collaboration with the company Navarra organised by European Task Force F – Floods (Maastricht, de Infraestructuras Locales S.A. (NILSA). During January 26-27 2010). 2010, a study was also conducted to evaluate the As far as wastewater treatment processes were con- efficiency of anaerobic digestion of sludge with ul- cerned, the second phase of the membrane biore- trasonic pre-treatment, on the basis of the results actors (MBR) study commenced, with a view to obtained in the first facilities installed in Spain us- preparing certain recommendations with respect to ing this technology. implementing these processes. A very similar study has also been undertaken for the biological The evaluation of the operating tests on the Abejar, processes with biofilters. Vinuesa, Duruelo and Covaleda, in the Upper Duero (Soria) were completed as part of the National Qual- In the field of treating and purifying wastewater in ity Plan treatment facilities construction and opera- small settlements, work has been completed, in col- tion activities. Work has likewise started on studying laboration with the New Water Technologies Centre the solutions for treatment and purification remod- (CENTA), on drawing up a Manual for implementing elling in Palma de Mallorca.

Figure 15. Cross and longitudinal sections of a surface flow constructed wetland. Illustration of the Manual for implementing treatment systems in small settlements.

32 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS The database of water reuse systems in Spain is be- ing reviewed and updated The first phase of the work involves redesigning the database structure and its content is being updated and expanded.

The evaluation of the seawater desalination plant Rambla Morales and its desalinated water distibu- tion facilities was carried out for ACUAMED.

Finally, it must be pointed out that a new course of action is being initiated with respect to rainwater management and storm tanks. With this in mind, a study has been undertaken that involves applying the different Spanish and international regulations currently in force, to a series of situations in the 9 cli- matic regions into which mainland Spain has been divided.

Figure 16. Ultrasonic reactor. Alzira Wastewater Treatment Plant.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 33 THE IBER MODEL

010 was the year in which a project initiated in From a technical perspective, the IBER model com- 2007 was completed, involving the develop- prises the following: a hydrodynamic module that en- 2ment of CEH’s own numerical model (prepa- ables the user to simulate riverbeds in 2D (thus ma- red by the Water & Environment Engineering Group, king it possible to define flood zones, delimit flood- GEAMA (Universidad de A Coruña), the FLUMEN ways or divide the Public Hydraulic Domain into zo- Group (Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña) and the nes), a turbulence module and a sediment transport International Centre for Numerical Methods in En- module for quantifying the way that the solid outflow gineering (CIMNE)) in the river hydraulics area, known evolves, both by bed-material entrainment and in sus- as IBER. pension.

The numerical model was devised within the frame- The hydrodynamic module solves shallow water work of a Collaboration Agreement signed between equations averaged in 2D, known as St. Venant 2D CEDEX and the Dirección General del Agua, as a re- equations. These equations postulate several hypo- sult of which it has been designed as a tool for sup- theses that hold reasonably not only where river flows porting the technical requirements of the River Ba- are concerned, but also for currents generated by the sin Authorities in applying the sectorial legislation tides in estuaries and coastal zones, as long as there in force in matters concerning water. It has been set are no major processes involving salinity or tempe- up as software that can be directly downloaded and rature differences or with the wind. At present, the will easily adapt to the most general computing re- numerical models based on shallow water equations quirements. Downloading is free of charge, as is all are the ones most often used in flood zone evalua- the information needed to enable a technical user to tion studies, river dynamics, tidal currents, sediment control it. transport and water quality.

Figure 1. IBER logo.

IBER was presented to the general public at a Sympo- sium held at the Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos (CEDEX) in June 2010, attended by many people (over 250), which serves to show the interest arou- sed in the initiative. There are now more than 1,000 users registered and over 5,000 people have visi- ted the website, approximately 70% being from Spain, and the rest mainly from Latin America. Figure 2. Analysis of the Quinzanas meander depths in the River Narcea.

34 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS Figure 3. River Tietar erosion analysis.

Figure 4. River Tietar sedimen- tation analysis.

One of the main characteristics of the IBER model CIMNE). Both modules are compatible with GIS (Ge- is that it incorporates a variety of turbulence models ographical Information System) environments. to calculate the turbulent shear stress, which are sol- ved in the turbulence module. Turbulence models Apart from these modules already configured in the are used not only to calculate the hydrodynamics but current version, there are other courses of action un- also in calculating transport in suspension. der way for future applications, which will be inclu- The bedload and suspended load transport equa- ded in the IBER model as additional modules in fu- tions are solved in the sediment transport module. ture versions: defining ecological flows, transporting The evolution of the bed elevation due to sedimen- reagents, oxygen and nitrogen cycles in rivers and es- tation processes and erosion are calculated taking tuaries, analysis of microbiological pollutants in ri- into account both modes of transport, by the com- vers and estuaries, etc. bined study of the two equations. This ability to evolve makes IBER a dynamic nume- The solid outflow is calculated is calculated using em- rical model, whose calculation modulus is not only pirical formulae as a function of the bed shear stress, open to improvements or adaptations, but also to the whereas the suspended sediment transport is sol- incorporation of new constitutive equations. All of ved with the convection-diffusion equation averaged this is integrated into a modifiable interface, were it in depth for the sediment concentration. is possible to create specific tabs or display modes for the user’s requirements on the basis of pre- and Finally, the IBER model features modules for pre-pro- post-process dynamics (GiD). All these qualities make cessing data and post-processing results based upon IBER a model with a great ability to adapt to the cons- the GiD system (Graphic interface developed by the tantly changing needs by specific laws and plans:

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 35 Figure 5. Map overlay in the River Valira (Andorra).

Figure 7. Flood risk analysis for the River Llobregat.

site is also provided with sections for the diffusion of actual projects and technical reports on different applied cases that have been carried out in at dif- ferent points in Spain as well as research projects presented at a variety of conferences and that have used the IBER model as the calculation tool. The platform also has a discussion forum where the users can exchange impressions and express doubts, which serves as a reference for analysing demands and making improvements to future ver- Figure 6. Concentration of E. Coli in the Ferrol Ria caused by waste sions of the model. discharges. The platform also features a training structure that Hydrological Planning Instruction, National Water organises training courses aimed at engineers from Quality Plan, National Flood Zone Mapping System, different authorities and consultancies associated etc. with management; it is given by personnel from the Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos and the universi- The IBER model is supplemented with other actions ties involved. in its immediate environment, to bring about what is to be known as the Iberaula. This is an informa- In 2010, 4 courses about IBER were organised in tive and training platform that is to be found at the Spain (2 at the Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos (CE- Iberaula website (www.iberaula.es). The website fur- DEX), 1 at the Ebro River Basin Authority and the nishes all the information associated with the nu- other at the Universidad de A Coruña), as well as 1 merical model and the activities that are developed course in Latin America, as part of the Latin Ameri- to make it known. The program itself and the as- can Conference of the IAHR, held in Punta del Este sociated manuals can all be downloaded. The web- (Uruguay) in November 2010.

36 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS IBER has already been applied to numerous practi- cal cases in the study of river problems in Spain, ha- ving been calibrated and contracted with other si- milar numerical tools, giving excellent results.

Figura 8. Iberaula website home page (www.iberaula.es).

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HIDROGRÁFICOS / 37 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS he Centro de Estudios de Puertos y Costas their respective appendices with multimedia con- (CEPYC) is the specialist unit at CEDEX whose tent. Some of the Bodies and Centres that have re- T purpose is to provide technical-scientific solu- ceived the services and to which reference is made tions for the Engineering and Environmental prob- in the preceding paragraph are the Secretaría de Es- lems that affect the sea and the coast. With a view tado de Transportes del Ministerio de Fomento, the to this, El Centro has multidisciplinary teams with Organismo Público Puertos del Estado (OPPE), graduates who are specialists in 12 different areas through which the CEPYC provides several services of engineering and technical professions (Civil, to the State-Owned Port System, and the Dirección Naval, Nautical and Industrial Engineering), the en- General de la Marina Mercante. Furthermore, in vironment (Environmental Sciences, Marine Sci- the Ministry of Environment, the Dirección General ences and Geology) and basic sciences (Physics, de Sostenibilidad de la Costa y del Mar also re- Chemistry, Biology and Mathematics), whose activi- ceives the benefits of our services. Puertos del Es- ties are backed up by a team of collaborators and tado was the beneficiary of 26 reports, prepared at major facilities and singular tools that are kept up- the request of 14 different Port Authorities, whereas dated in an ongoing process of developing the ca- the Dirección General de la Marina Mercante re- pacities and reorienting activities so that they can in- ceived 24 studies. A further 23 studies were con- variably adapt to the ever-changing requirements of ducted for the Dirección General de Sostenibilidad the sector that they serve. The latter activity neces- sarily requires the implementation of strategies that are shared with those who are involved, in such a way that a response is found to current needs, while at the same time anticipating future requirements so that solutions can be found for new problems as they emerge.

Throughout 2010, CEPYC managed to keep its level of activity close to the maximum, which manifested itself firstly in the issuing of 94 technical reports for the many that require services at the Ministerio de Fo- mento and the Ministry of Environment and Rural and Marine Environment, as well as for other bodies and authorities. After these reports are completed, they are issued and made available to their clients via an In- ternet application, http://remro.cedex.es/Reports, which now contains over 500 technical reports and Figure 1. Test on the Pasajes Outer Port Breakwater.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 39 Figure 2. Test at the 2nd Phase of the Port of Avilés Spur Breakwater.

Figure 3. 3D test on the new Port of Cádiz contai- ner terminal.

de la Costa y del Mar and other Directorates at the their specialities, means that a wide range of com- Ministry of Environment, the Dirección General de prehensive support is offered. Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental being one of the most outstanding examples, for whom 10 reports The activities performed for Puertos del Estado were prepared. A major synergy is fruit of the backup (OPPE) were carried out within the framework of a activities for the different beneficiaries, and this Contract signed by the parties, the contents of which enriches and enhances El Centro’s capacity and include undertaking study and experimentation ac- makes the service progressively more effective and tivities in compliance with the requests that Puertos efficient. It must also be pointed out that collabo- del Estado receives from different Port Authorities, ration with other Centros at CEDEX in the service as well as research, technological development and provided for these clients and in the fields that are innovation.

40 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS In the first area, studies concerning Port Hydraulics structures, there was a considerable decrease in and Climate undertaken for the Port of Bilbao (dis- 2010. However, mention must be made of the 2D turbance study in the enlarged basin with final layout test in the wave flume conducted on the section of of the wharves), Port of Ferrol (wave analysis at the the breakwater for the Outer Port of Pasajes, the test outer port breakwater during the January 2009 storm on the second phase of the Port of Avilés spur break- and comparison with the disturbance studies in the water, the completion of several studies associated outer basin), Port of Coruña (disturbance affecting the with the Port of Coruña - Punta Langosteira infra- Punta Langosteira Facilities), Port of Tenerife (cur- structures – (3D for construction phases, 2D and 3D rents study in the Port), Port of Málaga (disturbance for the alternative arrangement to the main section study in the outer basin and analysis of the modifi- and 3D for the tip), studying a not very reflective so- cations made to the San Andrés Basin protection lution for energy dissipation in the Port of Valencia works) and Port of Alicante (measurements, data and an overtopping study for the Bocana Norte analysis as well as disturbance and long waves stud- Breakwater in the Port of Barcelona, the latter being ies for the remodelling of the outer basin). aimed at changing the function originally planned for this structure. Where ship manoeuvring was concerned, the studies were completed on the new basin for the Port of Gijón With respect to the experimental 3D studies aimed enlargement, carried out in collaboration with SASE- at assisting in the design of port layouts in which the MAR, as well as the study for the new access to the inner disturbance and the behaviour of the moored new outer port of Coruña at Punta Langosteira and vessels are studied to obtain the operability of the the manoeuvring study for the Port of Marín com- facilities, work was completed on the Esfinge Dock mercial wharves. Progress was made on the Esfinga in the Port of Las Palmas, and the same was the Wharf access safety study for the Port of Las Palmas, case for the new Port of Cádiz Container Terminal, as well as the studies on the access to the new basin after which work began on the study for the en- in the Port of Tarifa and the manoeuvres for the cen- largement of the Port of Tarifa (Bahía de Algeciras tral basin in the Port of Alicante. The monographic Port Authority). work enclosed provides further details about the ma- noeuvre study activities carried out in 2010. Where dredging was concerned, the only work to be done involved conducting environmental monitor- When compared to the usual demand from the OPPE ing activities in the Port of Marín. Since 2008, this for studies and tests to be conducted on maritime work has been carried out at the same rate as the

Figure 4. Testing, in the multidirectional wave flume, the vertical section of the Bocana Norte Breakwater in the Port of Barcelona.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 41 Figure 5. PRISMA Pro- gramme for the Dirección General de la Marina Mer- cante. First Screen.

dredging activities, and it is expected to be com- of a series of new recommendations for managing pleted in 2011. dredged materials. Progress was also made on studying the environmental effects of turbidity The Ongoing Technical Assistance activities have caused by maritime works and potential preventive been kept up, including the actions taken to deal measures; work also done on defining metrics for with problems of an environmental nature. One as- benthic invertebrates in harbour waters. pect of this has been dealing with the Port of Marín’s consultancy concerning the best site for a new Once again in the area of the Ministerio de Fo- dumping ground for dredged materials, another be- mento, the 2008 – 2010 Agreement between the ing the preparation of the Dredging Inventory for Dirección General de la Marina Mercante (DGMM) state-owned ports. and CEDEX came to an end in 2010. In fulfilment of the terms of this agreement, 69 specific reports The research, technological development and inno- were issued, 24 of these in the last year. The gen- vation activities programme has been developed eral aims of the activities were to combat marine along 4 basic lines, two of which, concerning infra- pollution and improve maritime safety and security, structures and the physical medium as well as en- which were achieved by taking the following specific vironmental matters and risk studies, were devel- actions: oped by the CEPYC. In the first one, the following were completed in 2010: stress and overtopping Providing scientific and technical support at the study for parapets, progress being made on the sta- meetings and requiring compliance with the Inter- tistical studies for average and extreme waves. Work national Agreements of the International Maritime has also been done on the scouring at the toe of Organization (IMO), the OSPAR and Barcelona Agree- wharves, caused by the action of the propellers and ments and the European Union bodies. other devices for propelling vessels. Supporting the drafting, reviewing and updating of In environmental matters, CEPYC continued to sup- the regulations for standardising products that can port OPPE in the final drafting and implementation be used in the fight against hydrocarbon pollution.

42 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Scientific and Technical support for decision making In view of the new administrative restructuring, some where the use of dispersants is concerned. of the study activities associated with maritime safety - the study of climate conditions concerning Analytical work aimed at identifying those guilty of maritime accidents -, are now conducted, as a result dumping hydrocarbons into the sea from vessels. of a new Agreement for 2010 – 2012, for the Mar- itime Incident and Accident Investigation Commis- Analysis of maritime climate analysis in relation to sion (CIAIM), which is no longer answerable to the navigation safety. DGMM. Four studies were issued in 2010, all con- cerning the potential involvement of the atmospheric Ship manoeuvring simulation studies in the outer and marine meteorology on different accidents that port zones. have occurred.

Updating and improving the databases and deci- A new Agreement was signed in 2010 with the Min- sion-making assistance systems in relation to places istry of Environment and Rural and Marine Environ- of refuge. ment. It covers the period 2010 – 2012, and gives continuity to the activities that CEDEX has been car- Ongoing technical assistance for navigation safety rying out for the Dirección General de Sostenibilidad and the protection of marine ecosystems. de la Costa y del Mar, DGSCM, lending support to taking strategic actions in the aforementioned One particularly outstanding work was the devel- sense. 23 reports were issued for the DGSCM opment of the application that provides help in throughout the year. The main courses of action decision making with respect to places of refuge contained in the new Agreement are as follows: for vessels in distress. In a previous agreement, CEDEX drew up a draft for DGMM of the Places of Refuge Plan, one of the results of which is an in- ventory of more than 1,000 potential havens on the Spanish Coast. A series of criteria have been taken into consideration with respect to the con- ditions in these havens, namely their physical, shelter, operational, socioeconomic and environ- mental conditions. Maps have been plotted that contain all the information to be considered when selecting a place of refuge. As part of this Agree- ment, the contents of available information have been updated, and to make this database and Ge- Figure 6. View, under construction, of the new laboratory for Com- bating Marine Pollution. ographical Information System more operational, an interactive application has been created to as- sist in decision making; it can be accessed via the Internet, and enables the user to individually and/or jointly display the different layers of infor- mation and to select locations that fulfil certain suitability criteria in the event of different types of incident. The aforementioned application, which is now operating and serving the DGMM under the name of PRISMA, has to be maintained by period- ically updating its information content; it can also be developed with the collaboration of other Insti- tutions, for the most suitable incorporation of the contents that those Institutions generate as a re- Figure 7. View of the 3D mobile-bed model for designing the sult of their own activity. Punta Larga Beach and its protection structures.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 43 Observation Network at sensitive points along the Spanish Coast. The second includes 3D tests with a mobile bed for coastal protection structures, exper- imenting with run-up on beaches, and a second study phase concerning the effects of the sea-grass beds on the coastal geomorphology. The third the- matic area includes a miscellany of basic and state- of-the-art studies. One of the most outstanding of these is the second phase of the study concerning the ecological classification of the marshland and dune vegetation on the Mediterranean shoreline, to be carried out by CETA (CEDEX).

Figure 8. Implementing the Flood Risk Framework Directive. Map Studies for actions to be taken on the coast and the of areas where there is a major flood risk in coastal zones of the sea. A lot of experimentation is involved in this Óvalo Valenciano. course of action in order to provide support for beach recovery and coastal protection activities; such ex- Studies associated with International Agreements for perimentation not only takes the form of coastal dy- Protecting the Marine Environment in matters where namics and beach evolution tests, but also the sta- the DGSCM has powers, especially those involving bility and functionality of protection structures, the preparation of domestic reports and inventories associated with actions taken by the DGSCM at the required by virtue of these Agreements and the draw- design phase. It also covers the conducting of envi- ing up of Methodological Guidelines for Action with ronmental and coastal dynamics studies with a view potential impact on the Coast and the Sea. to carrying out environmental regeneration work on dunes, marshland and beaches. Studies concerning the development and imple- mentation of European Directives affecting the coast Tracking and monitoring activities carried out on the and the sea. In this area, the main driving forces for coast and in the sea, including such aspects as how improving sea and the coast environments where the physical medium is evolving and the ecological quality and protection are concerned, are collabo- and environmental aspects. ration in the process of applying the Water Frame- work Directive (WFD) to coastal and transition wa- Developing and maintaining marine and coastal in- ters, and developing the European Marine Strategy, formation systems; this includes access to data and whose objectives are similar to those of the WFD but applications developed by CEPYC to support the applied to inland waters, where the DGSCM has cho- needs of the DGSCM and updating the DGSCM sen to base itself upon the joint work undertaken by Beach Guide to be issued by the CEDEX Gabinete de the Spanish Oceanography Institute and CEDEX. Fi- Formación y Documentación. nally, a great deal of work is being done on the process of implementing the Flood Risks Directive Finally, the Preparation of the Comprehensive and mitigation measures in the coastal domain, this Coastal Protection Project for protecting this zone work being coordinated with the activities under- from pollution is an extremely important project that taken by the CEH for the Dirección General del Agua supplements and completes other actions such as with respect to inland flooding. the Combat Plans for coping with accidental marine pollution caused by waste disposal and spillage from Applied research for designing and planning the ships. This work is based upon the combination of an DGSCM’s activities; this is carried out in three the- analysis of the likelihood of accidents occurring and matic areas, aimed at the Observation of the Coastal a coastal section sensitivity study, phases currently and Marine Environment, experimentation and under way, from which the respective risk analysis methodological activities. The first of these involves will be obtained, zoning proposal and final docu- installing a pilot point for remote monitoring and an mentation for the project.

44 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Figure 9. Horcas Colo- radas Beach, Melilla.

Further progress has also been made with the task Progress has also been made on preparing a study of supporting the Dirección General de Calidad y for the DGCEA on the generation, classification and Evaluación Ambiental (DGCEA) in the preliminary management of dredged materials. The work con- study of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) cerned also relies heavily on the experience that concerning actions taken on the coastal and marine CEDEX has been acquiring in this area for more than environments, as well as the spillage and dumping 20 years. An initial report containing a compilation of liquids in inland waters, thereby backing up sim- and analysis of dredged materials was issued during ilar actions taken by other CEDEX Centros in other the course of the year. spheres of specialist activities. Apart from the par- ticularly complex nature of some of them, which is Apart from the aforementioned studies, work has in itself an outstanding aspect and one that is likely continued on the study concerning the environ- to become more complex in the future, in view of the mental control over vessels that reach the end of nature of some of the projects studied, there is also their working lives. This activity also feels the bene- a need to evaluate environmental risks, i.e. the like- fits of the increasingly close collaboration between lihood of incidents occurring because of their ef- CEDEX and the Dirección General de la Marina Mer- fects, when these arise from accident situations cante. and not only from the effects caused by the normal carrying out of the activity. In some cases, this could In the area of the Environment, mention must also come to be a factor to which much more impor- be made of the ongoing support given to ACUAMED tance is attached in the environmental appraisal of in the environmental study on devices used by de- the action. salination plants for dumping waste into the sea, as a result of the 2009 – 2010 Agreement signed be- CEPYC has also collaborated with the DGCEA in the tween the two bodies. assessment of reports on the monitoring of actions taken during the performance phase of works in Among other activities, one deserving a special ref- some cases that, by their very nature, fall within the erence is the work commissioned by the Servicios Ju- scope of El Centro’s experience. rídicos del Estado, which involves comparing the

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 45 the accident affecting the vessel “Prestige” and those arising from the management options “Dis- tancing“ and “Corcubión”.

Some of the R&D&I activities carried out for other or- ganisations have now been completed, including the EOLIA Project, CENIT programme, once the Large Scale Wave and Wind Flume had been per- fected. Its first duty was to conduct the tests for this research project into off-shore aerogenerator sup- port structures. The new and singular facility can be used for a wide range of port and coastal engi- Figure 10. Monitoring the Beaches in San Sebastian. neering applications, e.g., for improving the evalu- ating of the wave overtopping rates over vertical breakwaters or for studying how a subaerial beach zone is evolving.

The studies concerning the environmental impact of dumping waste (in collaboration with the Universidad de Cantabria) and the studies concerning the new waste disposal device (in collaboration with the In- stituto Tecnológico de Canarias), are among the R&D&I projects subsidised within the Framework of the National R&D Plan. In Europe, work began to- wards the end of 2010 on the HYDRALAB IV Project, which was selected in the VII Framework Pro- gramme. It is a promising work programme where developing new and more efficient methodologies for marine structure tests is concerned.

Figure 11. Experimental wave run-up study on Beaches. In 2010, and also in the international area, an Agree- ment was signed with the Instituto Mexicano del risk levels associated with the situation created by Transporte (IMT) to collaborate with them in prepar- ing their wave measurement buoys unit; this work will be done throughout 2011.

It is important for the personnel at the CEPYC to par- ticipate in international forums for two reasons; on the one hand, so that they can disseminate the Spanish technology in which El Centro specialises and, on the other hand, to be able to observe the technical-scientific breakthroughs in an ongoing and global way, so that they can be implemented and adapted. Throughout 2010, this participation has given strict priority to those international activities as- sociated with the fulfilment of Agreements with the receivers of El Centro’s Activities, mainly those in- Figure 12. Desalination plant brine disposal device study. volving the aforementioned International Agree- ments for Protecting the Marine Environment. How- ever, reference must also be made to CEPYC’s

46 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Figure 13. Wave and Wind Flume. General view of the generator and the wind tunnel.

Figure 14. Wave and Wind Flume. Interior view of the flume.

presence at the European Water Research Confer- sion of this Meeting, a Maritime Engineering in Latin ence, held in Lisbon, in June 2010, and the Latin America Seminar was held. It was an open-to-all American Network of Hydraulic Research Institutes, Seminar that was attended by a large number of pro- with the support of the CYTED project; on the occa- fessionals.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 47 CEPYC SHIP MANOEUVRING SIMULATION UNIT (CEDEX)

his Unit, which forms part of the Centro de Es- This equipment enables the user to simulate ship tudios de Puertos y Costas Maritime Experi- manoeuvres with a margin of 6 degrees, not only in T mentation Laboratory, initially began its activ- waters where navigation access to ports is restricted ities in the 1980s and has done work for most of the but also in the open sea; accurately reproduce the port and harbour developments undertaken in manoeuvre’s 3-dimensional scenario (Figure 2) and Spain. It currently has professionals from the mar- include in this, all the factors that could affect navi- itime sector – Naval Engineers, Captains, Graduates gation: bathymetry, topography, buoying and bea- in Nautical Engineering and auxiliary personnel – coning, the presence of other vessels, night-time and it is equipped with a variety of latest generation and day time visibility, fog, rain, maritime weather technical resources for simulation. It can also rely on conditions to be considered in each case - (waves, support from other CEPYC units when it comes to col- currents, tides and wind), the behaviour of any ship lecting data in the marine environment and gener- and the tugs that assist them, all of which is done us- ating fields for the environmental variables required ing the mathematical models concerned. The system in the studies. also incorporates the human factor in the simula- tions as a decisive aspect of the manoeuvres, in the The Real-Time Ship Manoeuvre and Navigation Sim- form of the Captain or the Pilot who carries them out. ulator is equipped with two bridges: the main one has a 270º vision range and the secondary one has The fact that there are two bridges –main and sec- a 120º display, as well as 4 micro-simulators and a ondary-, enables the operators to conduct either control room for manoeuvre planning and assis- two independent simulation studies or one single tance (Figure 2). In 2003, the current simulation study using the two bridges jointly, in such a way that equipment replaced the equipment installed in on the main bridge the Pilot carries out manoeuvres 1992, and it is periodically updated so that it fea- with the ship whose behaviour is to be simulated, tures any improvements that have been developed whereas on the secondary bridge, another tug Pilot in this simulation field. Figure 1 shows the two or Skipper gives assistance to the vessel by handling bridges –main and secondary- and the control and a special tug (Voith Schneider or azimuth), for which manoeuvre assistance room can be seen in both, to- the second bridge has been specifically designed. gether with a panorama from the bridge of a 325.0 Furthermore, it is possible to simulate both normal m long bulk carrier, entering the Outer Port of and emergency manoeuvres (engine failure, rudder Coruña. failure, or both) and to reproduce the following,

Figures 1a and 1b. Navigation and manoeuvring bridge: Main and Secondary.

48 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Figures 2a and 2b. Control and manoeuvre assistance room and outward view from the Main Bridge with a 325.0 m long bulk carrier. amongst other aspects: the use of anchors, the topilot”, which is extremely useful and versatile when ropes and lines in mooring operations, the effects of it comes to feasibility studies; this means that in ships passing each other or nearby navigation out- short periods of time and at a lower cost than in the lines, as could occur in rias or in the case of inland cases of real-time simulation, the operator can waterways, e.g. when passing through locks. All analyse the solutions that have to be considered at these possibilities enable the operator to simulate a the planning or draft project stage. wide variety of navigating conditions, thereby facili- tating the port operation and design stages; they can The activities that were performed by this Unit through- also reproduce the situations affecting vessels in dis- out 2010, were carried out within the Framework of the tress that need to be taken in tow. The results are of Contract for the commissioning of work by the Organ- great help to decision makers and, at the same time, ismo Público Puertos del Estado (OPPE) to CEDEX and the equipment is also a very useful tool for R&D&I the Agreement reached with the Dirección General de studies in the field of standardisation and for train- la Marina Mercante (DGMM) to provide technical as- ing purposes. sistance, applied research and technological devel- opment in matters within its jurisdiction. Apart from this real-time simulation equipment, the Ship Manoeuvring Unit has another system for the The work for the State-Owned Port System, carried “Simulation of Manoeuvres in Fast Motion with Au- out as part of the above-mentioned Contract with the

Figure 3. Enlargement to the Port of Tarifa. Outward view from the catamaran bridge, du- ring an inward mano- euvre.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 49 Figures 4a and 4b. Enlargement to the Port of Tarifa. Outward manoeuvre of the catamaran with east winds, areas swept by its CG and positions of its ends on port and starboard.

Figures 5a and 5b. Outer Port of Coruña. VLCC inward manoeuvre. View of the vessel and of the tugs and view from the ship’s bridge.

OPPE, has appeared in technical studies associated view of one of the inward manoeuvres from the cata- not only with design aspects for new infrastructures maran bridge, and Figure 4 shows two graphs of the but also in other aspects of an operational nature, path and of the areas swept by this vessel, for out- linked to improving the way that already-existing port ward manoeuvres with an east wind. facilities are run. The technical assistance for de- signing new facilities has given rise to studies de- Work has been done for the Coruña Port Authority veloped for the Port Authorities in the Bahía de Al- on ship manoeuvres in its new Outer Port at Punta geciras, Coruña and Gijón, the latter one being Langosteira. The study comprised an extensive conducted in collaboration with the Maritime Safety analysis, in real time, of the inward and outward and Life-Saving Association (SASEMAR). movements of the fleet of bulk carriers and oil tankers expected to dock at this new port, weighing In the case of the Bahía de Algeciras Port Authority, up to 150,000 deadweight tonnage (DWT). As is a real-time study was carried out on the enlargement customary, during the simulations, in which the to the Port of Tarifa, simulations being conducted for port Pilotage Service took part, ocean-meteorolog- entering, leaving and crossing the access channel; ical conditions were implemented for operations catamarans and ro-ro ferries, 90.0 m and 210.0 m with significant wave heights of 2.0 m and 3.0 m long, respectively, and storms with east and west and winds of 20.0 knots. Manoeuvres were also winds of up to 35.0 knots were considered, with a conducted in very demanding climatic conditions, view to checking the layout of the enlargement pro- where the significant wave heights reached 4.5 to posed by the Port Authority. Figure 3 shows a partial 5.0 m and there were winds of up to 35.0 knots (Fig-

50 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Figures 6a and 6b. Outer Port of Coruña. VLCC inward manoeuvre with escorting tugs. View of the vessel and view of the escorting tug from the bridge.

Figures 7a and 7b. Port of Marín. Path of the inward manoeuvre of a 180.0 m container ship and view of a reefer during the outward ma- noeuvre ure 5). The study was completed with a detailed methane tanker, a 345.0 m long Q-Max. Severe analysis of hypothetical emergency situations – en- storms were considered in the simulations, with sig- gine failure and rudder sticking – during the inward nificant wave heights of 4.5 m; Emergency situa- manoeuvres of the largest vessels, as well as car- tions were evaluated with engine and/or rudder fail- rying out tug escorting manoeuvres (Figure 6), us- ure, the loss of one of the tugs assisting these ships ing the equipment’s two bridges interconnected in even being considered. During this collaboration, real time: the main bridge simulated the ship ma- SASEMAR performed the simulations and the analy- noeuvre –bulk carrier or petrol tanker- and the sec- sis of the manoeuvres without any emergencies, ondary one simulated deep-sea towing with azimuth whereas CEDEX analysed the part with the emer- propulsion at the stern, with a view to analysing the gency manoeuvres. behaviour of the ship and the tugs, and the effi- ciency of the latter when they assist the ship in In the area of studies concerning the analysis of major waves of up to 4.5 m. the use of port infrastructures that are already in op- eration, work was undertaken for the Ports of Marín Where the Gijón Port Authority was concerned, a and Alicante. In the first of these, an analysis was manoeuvre study for the enlargement of the harbour carried out on inward and outward manoeuvres from was conducted in collaboration with the SASEMAR different wharves, in which general cargo ships, con- Maritime Training Centre. As part of the same study, tainer ships and bulk carriers were used. The study an analysis was conducted on the accessibility of a was conducted by combining the real time simula- 325.0 m long “capesize” bulk carrier and the largest tion with numerical models of autopilots in fast mo-

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 51 Figures 8a and 8b. Port of Ali- cante. Path of the inward mano- euvre of a 290.0 m cruise ship to Wharf 11 and view of the moo- rings occupied during the mano- euvres.

tion. The two tools enabled the operators to define, Real time simulations were used for the Port of Ali- quickly and in a less costly way, a fleet of tugs that cante, with a view to studying the safety and feasi- guarantees that the manoeuvres are efficiently and bility of the outer basin entrances and exits for the safely carried out for different maritime weather following vessels: 3 cruise ships, two of which were conditions. Figure 7 shows a plan view of the suc- large, - 345.0 and 290.0 m long -, 1 ro-ro ferry 209.0 cessive positions of a 180.0 m long container ship, m long, 1 panamax-type bulk carrier and 1 container together with the curve that plots its centre of grav- ship 270.0 m long. Storms from the east and west ity (CG), during one of the inward manoeuvres, with were considered, as well as a variety of manoeuvring a canting strategy at the Reboredo Wharf. A per- strategies and several mooring points. It was as- spective is also included of a reefer vessel, just be- sumed that the wharves close to the mooring points fore it begins an outward manoeuvre from the Com- for these ships were all heavily occupied. Figure 8 ercial Sur Wharf. shows a plan view of the path followed in one of

52 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS Figures 9a, 9b and 9c. Port of Bilbao. View of the methane tanker anchored at Anchorage Point B and time series for the anchor chain stress and the pitching of the ship.

these simulations, in this particular case the inward haviour: stress exerted on the anchor chain, anchor manoeuvre of a 290.0 m cruise ship into Wharf 11. dragging, ship swing, vertical movements, etc. A panoramic view of the basin is also depicted, where the extent to which the adjacent wharves are Where the Port of Bilbao was concerned, 6 ships occupied can be seen. were analysed. At the Emergency Anchorage Point in Zone I and inside the Abra, a general cargo vessel Two ship manoeuvring simulation studies were con- 140,0 m long and a container ship 121.0 m long ducted for the Dirección General de la Marina Mer- were studied, both in ballast. At Anchorage Point B cante in anchorage zones in the Ports of Bilbao and in Zone II, the ships considered were a 198.0 m the Bahía de Algeciras; these were carried out with long car-carrier, a 293.0 m long methane tanker a view to finding out the worst meteorological con- with spherical tanks, a 182. 0 m long general cargo ditions in which the vessels anchored could safely re- vessel and a 315.0 m long VLCC, all of them fully main in those areas. loaded. Figure 9 shows the methane tanker an- chored, together with the time series for the stress The ship’s behaviour and the characteristics of the exerted on its port-side anchor chain and the pitch- anchorage system were simulated in real time, in or- ing of the ship. der to determine the most severe storm that the ship could withstand without dragging its anchor in certain Finally, in the case of vessels anchoring in the outer specific anchoring conditions – number and arrange- area lying to the east of the Bahía de Algeciras and ment of the anchor with the chain unbent -. This was to the north of Punta Europa, the study analysed 4 done by recording the time series for the variables, vessel types: multipurpose, container ships, bulk which made it possible to establish the ship’s be- carriers and VLCCs, in different loading conditions.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE PUERTOS Y COSTAS / 53 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE 1. ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE LABORATORY ferent aspects of paramount interest where the per- formance of subgrades on unstabilised soils is con- The Road Infrastructure Laboratory (LIV) has made cerned, whether this is related to their rigidity, their further progress in developing different lines of re- resistance to the emergence of plastic deformation, search associated with pavement design and per- their susceptibility to moisture conditions or their re- formance. The work ranges from the mechanical sistance to traffic loads. However, the Test is still be- study of materials in the laboratory to assessing its ing conducted, so that the point of structural failure performance under realistic load and environmental can be reached in the layer of soil stabilised with ce- conditions on roads in service. The Full-Scale Pave- ment laid in two Category E3 subgrades. This is be- ment-Testing Track at the CET’s facilities in El Goloso, ing done so that greater insight can be obtained is an efficient tool for a structural study of pave- into the material, especially with respect to the dif- ments and their materials. ferent deterioration mechanisms that can come into play when these sections are subjected to the re- The assessment of the flexible sections of the Fourth peated effects of traffic loads, because this is a crit- Track Test was completed on 31st December 2009, ical aspect where materials treated with cement are after 1,323,000 13-tonne loads had been applied, concerned. this ºbeing equivalent to Standard 6.1 IC T2 traffic throughout a 20-year service life. The results yielded One of the consequences of the Fourth Track Test by those sections are making it possible to study dif- was the development and calibration of an incre-

Figure 1. Construction of sections in the accelerated road Figure 2. Aerial view of the accelerated road pavement pavement testing track of CEDEX. testing track.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 55 Deterioration evolution on bituminous pavement of reinforcements and about asphalt mixes man- Damage Average cracking ufactured with different percentages of recycled CalME model cracking material.

The new demands made by the highways sector re- veal the need for a better insight into the perform- ance of pavements in service, with a view to opti- mising maintenance operations. Apart from the Number of cycles aforementioned reinforcement study, reference must Figure 3. Application of recursive-incremental CalME model on also be made to CET’s participation in one of the test sections on the accelerated road pavement testing track. Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade’s CENIT proj- ects, known as OASIS “Operating Safe, Intelligent and Sustainable Motorways”, which concerns itself with the dynamic management of pavements by knowing their condition in real time, this information being provided by gauges, on-board devices and monitoring equipment. The aim is to optimise high- way management in order to provide considerable higher safety and sustainability levels, as well as a better service for the users.

Another CENIT project that the LIV is still involved in is the FÉNIX Project “Safer and More Sustain- able Highway Research”, especially one of its ac- tivities focused on studying long-life pavements. Figure 4. Strain gauges implementation on a control section of a These are pavements that have been designed to road in service. last for at least 30 years, in such a way that struc- tural deterioration is prevented and so that they mental model of the mechanical-empirical type to are also maintained on the basis of preventive determine the asphalt mix fatigue. The advantage detection and suitable remedy, in time and form, that incremental models have lies in the fact that where any surface deterioration is concerned. This their prediction is not the working life of the mix- is a new concept in constructing and maintaining ture but how it deteriorates in time, which makes pavements that has major advantages in terms of them particularly useful when optimising pave- driving quality, economic saving and environmen- ment maintenance strategies. With respect to this tal improvement. The CET is still taking part in the latter aspect, and within the framework of the ELLPAG Project “European Long-Life Pavement work commissioned to CEDEX (2009-2012) by the Group”, which is being undertaken at the FEHRL Dirección General de Carreteras (Ministerio de Fo- headquarters. This project also focuses on study- mento), in 2010 a series of activities were initiated ing these pavement types. Finally, the “Asphalt to study the performance of pavement strength- Mix Fatigue strength Threshold Project” was com- ening. Two locations were selected in the Province pleted. The results have enabled the researchers of Cáceres that had been reinforced during that to obtain insight into how this material reacts to same summer. Both stretches were equipped with low-load levels, equivalent to long-life pavement gauges to measure the structural response of the levels. pavement (including the reinforcement layer) when subjected to the actual traffic running on the road; During the course of 2010 the technical work for this information, together with the structural and the Algerian Ministry of Public Works was com- functional auscultations it is planned to carry out, pleted. It involved implementing that country’s full- will serve as the basis for gaining a greater in- scale pavement testing facilities. CEDEX worked depth working knowledge about the performance closely for 2 years with the Algerian Committee set

56 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE up for the purpose, in such a way that within the context of Algeria’s specific requirements it was possible to establish the ideal characteristics of the test track to be provided and the main courses of action for the country’s Accelerated Pavement Test Programme.

In the field of railway infrastructure, further progress was made on the work supporting the Laboratorio de Geotecnia (CEDEX) involving the use of bituminous sub-ballast, not only in the railway test cell at that laboratory’s facilities, but also along operational sec- tions of high-speed rail links. The sections concerned were equipped with gauges so the response of the Figure 5. Laser profilometer of CEDEX. sub-ballast to rail traffic could be measured. Work also commenced on another one of the activities 2.2. Control over asphalt mixes containing used that the aforementioned laboratory developed for tyres, laid on the Plasencia-Montehermoso Sec- ADIF; it concerns the use of new technologies to es- tion tablish the degree of compaction of the granular sub-ballast. At the request of the Ornamental Rocks and Con- struction Materials Technological Institute (IN- TROMAC) the CET characterised asphalt mixes 2. MATERIALS LABORATORY containing powder from used tyres and containing conventional bitumen laid on the Plasencia-Mon- 2.1. Round-robin comparative tests on binders tehermoso experimental section. The work in- and asphalt mixes volved characterising samples extracted from the two AC22S-type asphalt mixes (with crumb rubber A new campaign was set in motion in 2009 that is and control mix) by measuring the resilient mod- due to be completed midway through 2011. It is ulus and resistance to fatigue (indirect tensile similar to the comparative tests conducted on bitu- test) minous binders in recent years. In this case, binders are analysed and the most important Spanish UNE The test section was also characterised by taking sur- EN tests on asphalt mixes are included in the cam- face texture and evenness measurements using the paign, i.e. the bulk specific density of compacted laser profilometer and by taking tyre/road noise mixes, maximum mixture density, void-content analy- measurements with the CPX equipment. Two meas- sis, wheel tracking tests and the water sensitivity test urement campaigns were carried out in order to of bituminous mixes. The number of tests on bitu- monitor how the section evolved; the first one was minous binders has been reduced in this campaign, conducted when it came into operation and the sec- but the study is also being applied to other types of ond one about 1 year later. binders. 2.3. Monitoring test sections containing asphalt The participation of the largest number of laborato- mixes manufactured with crumb rubber from ries possible has been sought in order to obtain suf- life-expired tyres ficiently reliable repeatability and reproducibility val- ues for asphalt mixes. Both studies have now been To obtain a greater in-depth technical awareness completed. Other comparative tests are now being about using powdered rubber from life-expired conducted with fewer participants. They involve the tyres in asphalt mixes, the Dirección General de measurement of the indirect tensile modulus in as- Carreteras decided it was necessary to create a se- phalt mixes, as well as the EN test project on the ries of test tracks in order to monitor their con- propagation of cracks in mixes. struction and performance, so it would be possible

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 57 to evaluate the actual potential for applying the dif- with a view to characterising the slag from the steel- ferent techniques for using crumb rubber in as- works Corrugados Getafe (Madrid), AcelorMittal phalt mixes (Madrid) and GSW (Cantabria). The characterisation included studying the chemical composition of the After studying the proportioning and the job formu- slag, the alterability, the Los Angeles abrasion tests, lation for each of the asphalt mixes used on the resistance to polishing and leaching. In December test sections in Orense and Málaga in April and May 2009, a report entitled “Properties of 3 electric-fur- 2009 on Highways N-532 and N-340 and once the nace steelworks slags” was presented containing binders supplied to the plant and the asphalt mixes the results obtained. During 2010, characterisation had been controlled, the sections in question were tests were conducted on asphalt mixes for wearing monitored. courses that were manufactured with GSW slag. The tests included establishing sensitivity to water and During the first measurement campaign (point zero), the indirect tensile modulus; these were conducted the asphalt mixes were characterised by conducting not only on the original mixes but also, later on, tests on the samples extracted from the pavement; when they had been subjected to a thermal-aging the pavement’s structural capacity was assessed process. by falling weight deflectometer and the pavement tyre/road noise was established for the sections 2.6. Inventory of aggregate quarries for studied. wearing courses

2.4. European DIRECT_MAT Project, “Disman- The inventory is an analysis of the availability of tling and Recycling Techniques for Road Mate- quality aggregates for wearing courses. It can be rials”, from the EU 7th Framework Programme regarded as a continuation of the inventory drawn up in 2007-2008. The work is part of the Man- The aim of this European project is to prepare a agement Contract signed by the DGC and CEDEX. database that contains the reuse and recycling The Laboratorio de Geotecnia is responsible for techniques utilised in the different European coun- preparing the inventory and the Centro de Estu- tries, where “waste” road materials are concerned. dios del Transporte is collaborating by conducting Two reports were presented in 2009 on the knowl- the following Los Angeles abrasion tests (UNE-EN edge gathered in Spain about recycling former 1097-2) and APC (UNE-EN 1097-8). The work be- pavement materials and using them in bituminous gan in 2009 with the adjustment of the new pol- layers and on the use of powder from used tyres in ishing machinery and testing with Spanish Stan- asphalt mixes. In 2010, the work concentrated on dard UNE-EN 1097-8, and continued throughout the practical experience gained in these fields and 2010 by studying the samples taken from selected a report was prepared containing examples of the quarries in Coruña, Lugo, Orense, Pontevedra, Cór- most salient practical experiences in Spain. doba, Sevilla, Huelva and Granada.

2.5. FENIX Project. By-product use 2.7. FÉNIX Project – long-life pavements

The purpose of this activity is to study the use of by- No less than 18 different type AC16D asphalt mix products in the manufacture of asphalt mixes. This formulae took part in this long-life pavements particular work involves studying the black slag from study. Variations were made either to the type of electric-furnace as steel-plant aggregates used in bituminous binder used (B40/50 or B60/70), or to asphalt mixes for wearing courses. The activity is the compaction temperature of the samples (120, spearheaded by COLLOSA, and CEDEX is collabo- 135 or 150º C), or to the filler/bitumen ratio (0.6, rating as a research body. 1.0 or 1.4) used in the proportions. The study in- cluded the following tests: sensitivity to water, The work started in 2008. Engineers from UNESID, measurement of the indirect tensile resilient mod- CET and COLLOSA visited several Spanish steel- ulus, fatigue and dynamic bending modulus at 4 works. In 2008 and 2009, tests were conducted points.

58 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE 2.8. SMA project. “Developing Stone Mastic axial cyclic compression tests and crack propagation Asphalt (SMA) mixes, from the family in tests. The CET will also take part in analysing the sur- Spanish Standard UNE EN 13108-5 that are face characteristics of the test sections, in evaluat- sustainable and environmentally friendly” ing the final results and in preparing a Technical In- structions proposal for SMA mixes. In 2010, a This is an Integrated Project carried out jointly with bibliographical review was carried out on the speci- the Industrial Technological Development Centre fications in different countries that use this type of (CDTI), for the purpose of which the Centro de Estu- mix. dios del Transporte has signed a collaboration agree- ment with the Project Coordinator, the company 2.9. Round-robin test to standardise the Spa- Eiffage. The twofold aims of the project are, on the nish benchmark aggregate in establishing the one hand, to conduct further research work into the polish stone value behaviour of these types of mixtures, with a view to evaluating the potential for using them in Spain and, In 2010, a task force was established with a view on the other hand, to develop new formulations that to standardising the Spanish benchmark stone for will make it possible to improve the desired proper- determining the accelerated polishing coefficient ties by adapting their composition to bring about (APC). 5 Spanish aggregates were studied taking noise reduction between tyres and the road surface, English aggregates as the benchmark, in accor- to create semi-hot mixes to reduce energy con- dance with Spanish Standard UNE-EN 1097-8. 12 sumption and to use waste materials that will help laboratories took part, most of these being regional to improve sustainability. laboratories dependent upon the Dirección Gen- eral de Carreteras. The task force was led by the The Centro de Estudios del Transporte will partici- Valladolid Highways Authority Laboratory. During pate in the study on the state of the art by carrying 2010, each laboratory tested the aggregates pro- out a review of the literature concerning the compo- posed following the test protocol established be- sition and characteristics of SMA mixes used in Eu- forehand. The samples polished in each laboratory rope, as well as the experience obtained with them. were then sent to the other eleven laboratories so A functional categorisation of the mixes will also be that the polish test could be repeated and the pol- undertaken, which will evaluate the resistance to per- ish value could be calculated in each laboratory. manent deformation strain through conducting tri- This first stage of the work will be completed in 2011, after which the data will be analysed and a benchmark aggregate will be proposed; this aggre- gate will be stockpiled so that the APC value to be used in the equation for the Standard can be es- tablished, together with the acceptance period for the tests.

2.10. Use of municipal waste combustor slag in road construction. Second phase

The work done to support the Construction and Environment Area consisted of establishing the properties of such slag for use as aggregate mate- rial in the granular layers of road pavements. The following tests were conducted: grading analysis Figure 6. Cyclic (UNE-EN 933-1), establishing the flakiness index triaxial tests of bi- (UNE-EN 933-3), Los Angeles abrasion (UNE-EN tuminous mixtu- res. This image 1097-2) and the sand equivalent value (UNE-EN would fit within 933-8). the SMA project.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 59 Figure 7. Wash glass material present in the 4/16 mm fraction of Figure 8. Artificial aggregate stockpiles resulting from the slag of incineration slag. 2.10 sampled urban waste incineration.

3. CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENT AREA The Centro de Estudios del Transporte monitoring equipment is used to conduct comparative tests on 3. 1. Road Area the measurements taken in Spain by auscultation equipment used by different companies and or- Studying the structural behaviour of pavements ganisations.

Further progress was made on studying the potential In 2010, CEDEX conducted comparative evalua- for using on road pavements, blust furnace slag and tions on skid resistance and pavement evenness municipal waste combustor slag. measurements recorded by different items of equip- ment, as part of the Management Agreement The study on the former for use in asphalt mixes, signed with the Dirección General de Carreteras mainly in wearing courses, was conducted as part of (Ministerio de Fomento). CEDEX was responsible for CEDEX’s participation in the aforementioned FÉNIX designing, organising and developing these activi- Project “Safer and More Sustainable Highway Re- ties, as well as checking the equipment, selecting search”, Activity 10: use of by-products. the test sections, defining the parameters and car- rying out the comparative statistics study. The municipal waste combustor slag studies, for the Dirección General de Calidad y Evaluación Am- Tyre/road noise was another of the road-surface biental (Ministry of Environment), were a continu- characteristics studied by the CET. In 2010 it car- ation of the ones initiated in 2008, for the purpose ried on pursuing its line of research aimed at of which the properties of this material were eval- analysing how this evolves in time and the main fac- uated, together with their potential for use as sec- tors upon which the noise level on one single wear- ondary aggregates in road construction; the mate- ing course type depends. The measurements being rials concerned were produced in plants of used, are those obtained by the proximity method different types. along several highway sections in different Spanish provinces. Monitoring of pavements in service 3.2. Participation in projects and on internatio- Another one of the CET’s major spheres of ac- nal committees tivity where highways were concerned, was the monitoring of the performance of pavements in It has already been pointed out that the Centro de service. Estudios del Transporte participates directly in high-

60 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE Figure 9. Intercomparison tests measuring transverse friction Figure 10. Pavement sound absorption tests made with extended equipments with the SCRIM equipment. Check of the flow dum- surface technique. ping area in accordance with standard rule UNE 41201:2010 IN. way-associated CENIT projects as part of the Na- tional R&D&I Plan.

The Centro has been involved in several lines of re- search in Europe, which are further enhanced thanks to its participation in European projects and on Eu- ropean committees. These include the following:

• Regular participation in task forces on many Eu- ropean standardisation committees;

• CEDEX’s participation as a member of the DI- RECT-MAT Project “Dismantling and Recycling Tech- niques for Road Materials”, as part of the EU 7th Figure 11. Road installation on portable dynamic weighbridge of Framework Programme. CEDEX.

4. TRAFFIC AND ROAD SAFETY The reason for doing this, is so that they can be used extensively to supplement the data concerning 4.1 Weigh-in-motion of road vehicles vehicle and axle weights collected by the Dirección General de Carreteras (Ministerio de Fomento) gaug- For over 20 years, weigh-in-motion of road vehicles ing network. has been the Area’s main activity where road traffic parameter measurement techniques are concerned With a view to this, toward the end of 2008 pilot and, in contrast to the weighing campaigns under- weigh-in-motion facilities of this type were installed taken since 1987, when portable weigh-in-motion on the A-5 motorway near Badajoz, after the system systems were used that had been installed for short had been calibrated by running past it several lorries periods at different locations, in the past 2 years the of known weight; these were later used to verify the work has focused on a comparative analysis of the precision when calculating the weight, both after performance and benefits of several permanent and calibration and after several months of operation; fixed weigh-in-motion systems that are embedded in the latter was done in order to make sure that the the pavement, specifically of the piezoelectric type. items of equipment were still calibrated. Once these

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 61 tests had been conducted in 2009, the data col- lected was analysed in 2010, and the report was pre- pared for the Dirección General de Carreteras. It in- cluded recommendations where purchasing and using these weighing systems was concerned.

4.2. Road safety infrastructure studies

The following are some of the details from the sec- ond group of Traffic and Road Safety Area activities, which is work on road safety associated with the in- frastructure: Figure 12. Traffic control facilities and safety equipment at the entrance to a tunnel. • Completion of the study on developing black spot accident rates, for the purpose of which several pro- gan in 2010 on the tasks involved in managing posals for modifying the current DGC method for this BIT application, as well as on advising with a identifying the black spots had been made, an analy- view to ensuring that it operated correctly. All sis having been made of these proposals based these activities have been included in a report, upon a consideration of how the accident rates had which also contains proposals for improving the developed. BIT application.

• Further progress was made on the work commis- • A Biennial Report (2007-2008) was prepared on sioned by the Dirección General de Tráfico to prepare incidents in the Spanish tunnels belonging to the a practical Manual on road safety inspections for op- Trans-European Road Network (TERN), as required by erational highways in Autonomous Regions and Directive 2004/54/EC. It analyses the information Provincial Councils. This was achieved by adapting stored in the BIT application. Along the same lines, the National Road Network Inspections Manual to a report was also drawn up on road safety in the Na- small roads with little traffic, which constitute a con- tional Road Network (NRN) tunnels in 2009. siderable part of the road network for which the Au- tonomous Regions and Provincial Councils are re- • 2 reports are being prepared using the information sponsible. from the tunnel inventory recorded in the BIT appli- cation: one of them concerns the extent to which the 4.3. Road safety studies in tunnel operations Spanish tunnels belonging to the Trans-European Network comply with the requirements contained in The activities concerning road tunnel safety and the Directive 2004/54, whereas the other deals with the equipping of these structures formed part of the extent to which the Spanish NRN tunnels comply work done to comply with the provisions contained with R.D. 635/2006. Both reports are expected to be in Directive 2004/54/EC, regarding the safety of completed in the first half of 2011. the tunnels belonging to the Trans-European Road Network (TERN), and in Royal Decree 635/2006 Apart from the work done in the three above-men- with respect to the minimum safety requirements in tioned spheres of activity, other highlights of the ac- National road tunnels, through which this Directive tivities performed by engineers in the Traffic Area is applied in Spain. Work was done on the following were as follows: coordinating several R&D&I proj- aspects: ects inherent to the Strategic Infrastructure and Transport Plan (PEIT), which are associated with the • In the preceding years, a tunnel incident data- CEDEX call for proposals for 2006 and 2007, in- base (called BIT) was designed and an Internet ap- cluding the METEOSAFETY and MODETRA projects. plication was devised to enable those responsible The Traffic Area also carried on participating in for safety to enter incidents as they occurred. Once standardisation activities, including those carried this computing tool had been adjusted, work be- out by the AENOR CTN 135 Committee “Highway

62 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE Equipment”, mainly in the sub-committee con- tional level, further progress was made on the work cerning the standardisation of Road Restraint Sys- done by Technical Committee C.2 “Safer Road Op- tems (RRS). erations” of the World Road Association (PIARC), where apart from occupying the post of Spanish- Within Europe, the CET continued to take part in the Speaking Secretariat, an active part was played in FiWi Project (FEHRL institutes WIM initiative) on the task force on the economic evalutation of the weigh-in-motion, which has just been completed, road safety measures, as a result of which a report sponsored by the Forum of European National High- was prepared on the situation of the techniques way Research Laboratories (FEHRL); on a interna- used in this field of expertise.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 63 DETERMINING VEHICLE GROSS WEIGHTS AND AXLE LOADS

1. INTRODUCTION

It is essential to know a large amount of traffic data to efficiently carry out road management in the dif- ferent phases (planning, project, operation and main- tenance). Such information includes not only traffic- flow rates and the types of traffic and their speeds, but also the length and weight of the vehicles. The only technique that enables one to obtain all this data is weigh-in-motion.

Weighing vehicles when they are in motion involves measuring the gross weights of the vehicles and their axle loads when they are being driven on the road at their normal running speed, and doing so without interrupting the traffic. It is thus possible to know the weights of all the vehicles that use a road, which gives this technique a great advantage over the traditional system whereby vehicles are weighed when stationary. The traditional method enables the user to weigh vehicles more exactly but can only ob- Figure 1. Silhouettes proposed by the CET. tain this data about a few dozen vehicles every day, because it is a slow and time-consuming operation that requires considerable dedication from the per- tween different types of vehicles that are very simi- sonnel. lar to each other, as can be seen in Figure 1.

The technique also provides data that enables one In 1987, the CEDEX’s Centro de Estudios del Trans- to know how aggressive (equivalence factor) heavy porte (CET) began its annual National Road Network vehicles are so that calculations can be made for weigh-in-motion campaigns, for the purpose of which pavements. It can also pre-select overloaded vehi- it used portable weigh-in-motion scales of the ca- cles from the traffic flow so they can be diverted to pacitance type, which were installed at each location a static weighbridge and possibly fined for infringe- for a certain period of time. ments; it can impose restrictions on certain vehicles passing through special locations (bridges, tunnels, Apart from portable devices, there are also weigh-in- town centres, etc.); and charge tolls on the basis of motion systems of the permanent type that are fixed the vehicles’ weight. Furthermore, weigh-in-motion to the pavement, which allow for greater precision. systems can classify vehicles from a highly-detailed They can be arranged to form a network on the silhouette (one of 15 different types), because apart roads that enables the researcher to know at all from weighing the vehicles, they also record other times, the weights and axle loads of the vehicles us- such parameters as lengths, distance between con- ing them. One of the most outstanding activities secutive axles and axle types that, once they have carried out by CEDEX in this field was to evaluate a been processed in programs built into the equip- pilot facility on the A-5 Dual Carriageway in the ment, enable the user to make a distinction be- Province of Badajoz, and from an experimental per-

64 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE spective, the performance of 3 systems with piezo- geometry of the road and the pavement’s state of re- electric gauging devices so their behaviour and pre- pair must comply with certain specifications, which cision could be studied. are set out in the different applicable standards, such as ASTM E1318 (Standard Specifications for Highway Weigh-in-Motion (WIM) Systems With User 2. CHARACTERISTICS OF Requirements and Test Method) and the European WEIGH-IN-MOTION SYSTEMS WIM Specifications in the COST 323 Programme.

Weigh-in-motion systems are defined by the type of weight sensors, which are the vital components. The 3. EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE PER- sensors transform the axle weight and vehicle weight MANENT SYSTEMS INSTALLED IN THE PRO- into proportional electrical signals, which are then VINCE OF BADAJOZ processed by the equipment electronics to give the actual magnitude of the variables. Apart from these This work was done for the Planning Division of the weight sensors, weigh-in-motion systems have one or Dirección General de Carreteras (Ministerio de Fo- more induction loops per lane, which serve to detect mento). Its aim is to install weight sensors at the the presence of vehicles, to activate the system gauging stations that currently form part of the Na- when a vehicle passes and to measure its speed and tional Gauging Network, by embedding them next to length. the induction loops, so that statistical information can be obtained about axle and vehicle weights. There are two types of weigh-in-motion sensors: sur- This meant that the use of surface sensors was face ones (bending plates, capacitance mats) and ruled out from the start, because their size and linear ones (piezoelectric bars). Some of the most im- arrangement would have made them incompatible portant characteristics to be taken into account with the current stations. In view of this, a decision when selecting a weigh-in-motion system are its pre- was taken to install two types of piezoelectric sen- cision, durability, the ease with which it can be in- sors: the piezopolymer type and the piezoceramic stalled and its price. In general, surface sensors re- type. In the light of these considerations, the sys- quire more work to be done on the pavement when tems marketed in Spain by three companies were se- installing them, but they are usually more accurate. lected. Two of these companies manufacture piezopolymer sensors and the other manufactures These systems have their limitations where accuracy piezoceramic sensors. is concerned, so for the moment they cannot be used when an extremely precise weight is required 3.1. Installation for each vehicle, because what they measure is the dynamic load that the vehicle’s wheels exert upon The three pieces of equipment selected were in- the road surface that, for pavements in a good state stalled at Km. 407.7 on the A-5, close to the frontier of repair and at normal speeds, is approximately with Portugal. Figure 2 shows how the items of equip- the actual weight of the vehicle (static weight) +/- ment were finally laid out; the way the weight sen- 20%. This effect can be corrected to a certain extent sors and the induction loops have been arranged by properly calibrating the system, in which case an can be seen for each one. average error of +/- 3% can be achieved for the ve- hicle sample as a whole. However, where the meas- The installation procedure was very similar for all urements for each individual vehicle are concerned, three items of equipment. In each case, diamond it is normally the case that for a certain proportion discs were used to cut open the pavement (See of the vehicles the weight error is +/- 15 % or even Photo 1) for the weight sensors and the induction greater. loops; these cuts were later sealed with asphalt and resin products. The time the whole installation The characteristics of the pavement surface and process can take depends on the hardening time for structure at the chosen location have a considerable the resin used to fix the sensors in place, which can effect on the accuracy of the results. Therefore, the range from only a few hours to a whole day.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 65 Figure 2. Installation diagram for the weighing systems on the A 5 near Badajoz.

Photo 1. Sawing through the pavement to insert the sensors.

3.2. Calibration known weight, in order to establish how the accuracy of the systems had varied after the high summer Once the sensors are installed in the road they have temperatures and to make sure that the calibration to be calibrated; this involves reading the values had not been affected by time. (dynamic weights) taken by the equipment for the ve- hicles about which the actual weight (when station- The equipment data-collection process was also ary) is known. 4 lorries (2 rigid and 2 articulated) typ- monitored for several months (the information had to ical of the traffic at the location, were used for this be received remotely, via modem, i.e., through tele- purpose. Each calibration vehicle was passed over phone cards installed in the equipment and at the of- the equipment sensors 20 times at its normal speed. fices), with a view to detecting potential defective op- eration problems over a long period under different 3.3. Verification of the precision of the equipment climate conditions. and monitoring the data-collection for 6 months

When the calibration was completed, the CET used 4. TEST CONCLUSIONS the same lorries to conduct a test to check the pre- cision of all the parameters recorded by the equip- The results obtained from the tests conducted with ment: traffic volume, speed, silhouette and weight. respect to the traffic volume (vehicle counting) pre- cision and the accuracy of the speed measurements After 6 months, another test was conducted to ver- showed that all the items of equipment were per- ify the precision of the equipment; this was done with forming acceptably. Where determining the traffic sil- 5 lorries (2 rigid, 2 articulated and 1 road train) of houettes was concerned, two items of equipment ob-

66 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE Photo 2. Completed weighing station. tained acceptable results, but the other one gave checking the initial precision (after calibration), it considerable errors, because it classified road trains was verified that two of the pieces of equipment ful- as two different vehicles. When measuring vehicle filled these requirements, whereas the other one lengths, one of the systems became decalibrated. did not. After the 5 months of uninterrupted opera- tion, two of the items of equipment had become With respect to the accuracy of weight measure- completely decalibrated, whereas the other one re- ment, which is the basic variable, the equipment that mained calibrated and thus continued to achieve the the CET purchased from the companies had to com- required precision, even exceeding this level in two ply with Class C(15) according to the European of the lanes. As a result, it can be concluded that Weigh-in-Motion Specifications, i.e., that there is a only this weighing system was suitable for continu- tolerance level of approximately ±15% for 95% of the ous operation on the road independently for long pe- gross weight measurements for the vehicles. When riods of time.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DEL TRANSPORTE / 67 CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS he activities at the Centro de Estudios de Téc- nicas Aplicadas (CETA) mainly involve studying T and classifying the effects of public works on the environment, and risks to the environment, whether these are natural or caused by human ac- tivity.

The Centro’s activities are structured into 4 Areas: Environmental Engineering, Air Quality & Climate Change, Noise Pollution and Isotope Applications.

Since 2009, CETA has been using with an accredited environment management system for its research activities, technology development and technical as- sistance, which complies with ISO Standard 14001:2004. Furthermore, in 1910, CETA’s quality management system was accredited with ISO Stan- dard 9001:2008, in view of the fact that it complies with the latter in its activities in the fields of techni- cal assistance, research and technological develop- ment in the Environmental Engineering Area.

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

In view of the orientation and nature of the Centro, Figure 1. Example of summary sheet with the proposal for the it is hardly surprising that the Ministry of Environ- ecological flows for a strategic mass in the Tajo Basin. ment and Rural and Marine Environment (MARM) is the first body to feel the benefits of CETA’s technical assistance and research activities. (MARM) in the Environmental Engineering Area in 2010: progress was made on the environmental The following are just some of the activities under- evaluation of the ecological requirements of river sys- taken by CETA for the Dirección General del Agua tems and on coordinating the technical aspects of the tasks involved in establishing the ecological flow Ayoluengo Oilfield and Wind Farm in Sargentes de la Lora (Burgos): a gradual paradigm change. regimes in interregional river basins. With a view to

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 69 mental monitoring at the construction phase, strate- gic environmental assessment, studies involving the ecological evaluation of diversion dams, the en- vironmental impact of using fluxes on roads, slope drainage and the effects of linear transport infra- structures on birdlife. The first construction phase of a visor-web was also initiated for querying coastal environmental and geographical information, and work also began on preparing the Environmental Im- pact Statements associated with the activities car- ried out on coastland.

Figure 2. Cross drainage works, adapted to enable fauna to cross, Furthermore, towards the end of 2010, the agree- under the Madrid-Levante High-Speed Rail Link. ment was signed with the Dirección General de Sostenibilidad de la Costa y del Mar (MARM) to go this, a series of technical studies were completed to ahead with the second phase of the work involving establish the environmental regimes, and work the ecological profiling of marshland vegetation and started on supporting the public consensus dune systems on the Mediterranean Coast. processes in each one of the river basins concerned. Methodologies were also developed to incorporate With respect to the work done for other authorities new environmental variables into those calculations, and bodies, one noteworthy activity concerned the and further breakthroughs were made in the field of validation or redefinition of the preventive or cor- laser technology (LiDAR) for the ecologically-friendly rective measures carried out on the environmental management of riverbeds. impact of high-speed rail platforms, initiated in 2010 for the Administrador de Infraestructuras Fer- As part of the Framework Agreement with the Di- roviarias (Adif) (Ministerio de Fomento). As part of rección General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambien- this, CEDEX completed the first phase involving the tal (MARM), in 2010 the Environmental Engineer- in situ identification, categorisation and evaluation ing Area issued twelve reports, dealing with subject of the residual environmental impact of the high- matter concerning the preliminary consultation speed rail platforms and the corrective measures phase for environmental impact studies, environ- (Figure 2).

Figure 3. General proposal for actions to be taken for river restoration and for implemen- ting flood prevention schemes at the confluence of the River Arga and River Aragón.

70 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS A study was completed for the public company One of the aims of these strategic lines was to in- Gestión Ambiental, Viveros y Repoblaciones de form and create awareness about the impact of Navarra, S.A., which involved analysing the options transport activity on climate change, as a result of for the restoration of the rivers and for flood pre- greenhouse gas emissions. With a view to this, vention schemes at the confluence between the use was made of the CEDEX’s publications and River Arga and the River Aragón (ecological restora- the articles that have appeared in different tech- tion plan), in which a detailed environmental diag- nical-scientific journals dealing with the subject, as nosis was conducted into the way the riverbeds func- well as participating in workshops aimed specifi- tion, new procedures also being developed for the cally at authorities, sectorial organisations and col- environmental restoration of the alluvial floodplains leges whose professions have a bearing on trans- for both rivers (Figure 3). port and forums on the subject. To be specific, in 2010 the Air Pollution and Climate Change Area ac- tively participated in the Sustainable Transport AIR QUALITY AND CLIMATE CHANGE Work Group at the National Environment Confer- ence (CONAMA 2010), with a view to exchanging In 2010, CEDEX continued its work –through the experiences with different transport organisations, CETA Air Pollution and Climate Change Area– on identifying indicators and establishing good codes quantifying the emissions of greenhouse gases and of practice that are conducive to environmentally- other pollutant gases coming from transport and friendly behaviour. their effects on air quality. The aim of this activity is to be in a position to propose options that will help The strategy on transport emissions in Spain is a re- to reduce the effects of transport on air pollution and sponse to the need to acquire know-how aimed at on the emission of greenhouse gases. mitigating negative environmental impact that could arise from people’s transport requirements. Along With a view to this, work continued in 2010 on the these lines, work commenced in the Air Pollution and activities initiated in previous years, which involved Climate Change Area by taking a good look at the two strategic lines for the Body: the dissemination of MARM “National Inventories of Air Pollutant Emis- the CEDEX’s activities associated with climate sions”, for the purpose of which use was made of the change and the study on transport emissions in COPERT 4 (Figure 4) where the road transport sector Spain. was concerned. On the one hand, the reason for do- ing so was to utilise this computing tool as a means

Figura 4. View of one of the COPERT 4 calculation program windows.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 71 for quantifying the emissions in this sector and, on cycles for public use: examining the potential and the other hand, to put forward transport strategies synergies in medium-sized Spanish cities”, “Survey that will lead to an improvement in the citizens’ qual- to find out users’ behaviour and attitudes to the ity of life. new sube-t card (Madrid)” and “Cycle lane network enlargement project for Terrassa”. Two monographs were prepared in the Area in 2010. The aim of the first of these was to examine the strategies followed by the countries in our region NOISE POLLUTION where reducing greenhouse gas emissions was con- cerned; the second one analyses the behaviour of The CETA Noise Pollution Area has been providing greenhouse gas emissions in the different zones in regular technical assistance in recent years not only Spain, associating them with the characteristics and to the MARM but also to the Ministerio de Fomento. numbers of vehicles registered in each region. CEDEX carried on with its work for the Dirección The Area has also carried on with its activities as the General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental, by ap- “mobility coordinator” for the notification issued by plying the Noise Act and its Regulations in 2010, es- the Ministerio de Fomento concerning Assistance for pecially with regard to studies concerning the prepa- the Pilot Programmes promoting sustainable mobil- ration, compilation and diffusion of the strategic ity in urban and metropolitan zones”. The following noise maps for major trunk roads, main railway lines, are some of the projects it is continuing to work on airports and built-up areas, as well as the respective in this area: “Establishment of the Getafe Mobility plans of action against noise. Bureau”: “Providing bicycle parking facilities at strategic points in Sanlúcar de Barrameda”, “Pro- During the first half of 2010, the Basic Noise Pollu- viding and adapting the cycle lane network in urban tion Information System (SICA) was reviewed, its con- areas of Aranjuez”, “Sustainable mobility plan for So- tents updated and new graph designs devised that ria”, “Promoting the use of bicycles or providing bi- feature graphic access to the information. A new in-

Figure 5. High-speed train noise emission measurements.

72 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS formation portal was made available to the public show the procedures followed to prepare an inland last June. water sample for measuring the Cesio-137 activity). In all, a total of approximately 1,000 water samples During the course of 2010, technical advice was were analysed, for which over 4,000 radioactivity val- given to the Dirección General de Carreteras (Min- ues were established, giving rise to more than isterio de Fomento) regarding the Plan of Action 30,000 entries in the Area database, which have led against noise PAR 2008–2012, which was approved to 18 reports being issued. The CSN sends some of by the aforementioned Dirección General at the end the results obtained from these networks to the Eu- of 2008, and work continued with the task of in- ropean Union, in compliance with Articles 35 and 36 forming the general public via the EGRA information of the EURATOM Treaty. portal. Of all the laboratory activities undertaken in 2010, At the request of Adif, noise emitted by High-Speed one of the most noteworthy was the progress made Trains (Figure 5) was also categorised in the same in the preparation of manuals, procedures and tech- year. nical instructions with a view to the laboratory being accredited with ISO/IEC Standard 17025 by ENAC. The Isotope Applications Area also collaborated with ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS other domestic work groups on the regulations for environmental radioactivity laboratories and took The Isotope Applications Area specialises not only in radiological control over waters but also isotopic hy- drology activities.

In the areas of radiological control over the waters, the Dirección General del Agua (MARM) commis- sioned CEDEX to conduct a radiological analysis and study of the inland waters in Spain and the water supply resources managed by the Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla. CEDEX also carried out – through specific agreements – radiological monitor- ing work on the River Tajo and River Ebro, in the vicin- ity of the Almaraz, Santa María de Garoña and Ascó Nuclear Power Plants. Furthermore, CETA undertook Figure 6. Preparing an inland water sample to measure the Cesio- specific work for the Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear 137 activity. Adding the ammonium phosphomolybdate and sha- king the sample. (CSN) after signing two agreements concerning “Technical Assistance for radiological monitoring of the water environment” and “Carrying out a radio- logical monitoring programme in the water environ- ment in the sparse network”.

With a view to fulfilling the terms of these agree- ments, samples that had been taken from inland, coastal and supply waters from more than 200 points were analysed in the CEDEX Isotope Applica- tions Laboratory; their alpha activity, total beta ac- tivity, residual beta activity, gamma spectrometry and tritium concentration were measured. In addi- tion to these measurements, in the sparse network Figure 7. Preparing an inland water sample to measure the Cesio- the Cesio-137 concentration in inland water and 137 activity. Pouring the precipitate into the 5-litre beaker. marine samples were measured (Figures 6, 7 and 8

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 73 boring with a solution of iodine-131 and recovery by pumping in another boring.

Within the framework of the collaboration agree- ment signed by CEDEX and the Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) with a view to “Jointly setting up a Virtual Laboratory specialising in sci- ence and isotope techniques in groundwater hy- drology”, samples were measured to establish sta- ble isotopes (deuterium, oxygen-18 and carbon-13) and radioisotopes (tritium and carbon-14), in the fol- lowing projects: Plana de Valencia-Sur, Sequía-Va- lencia, Loma de Úbeda, Sierra de Cañete-Málaga, Tablas de Daimiel, Wetlands-River Ebro, Deep Figure 8. Preparing an inland water sample to measure the Cesio- Aquifers in the River Arlanzón Basin, Mining Activi- 137 activity. Extracting supernatant water and putting it into the ties in the Pyrites Strip (Huelva), Wetlands in the crystallising dish for drying in the oven. Province of Cuenca, as well as analyses for private companies. part in making comparisons between laboratories so that the measures taken could be contrasted. Furthermore, apart from running the Radioactive Facilities for studying radioactive material with a In the field of isotope hydrology, a study was con- tracer for hydrogeological research, the final adjust- ducted in 2010 for the Universidad Politécnica de ments were made to several items of equipment Cataluña with a view to researching into the physical before they were used for the ongoing measurement properties of the ground on an experimental plot in of water levels, conductivity and temperature (DIVER) San Javier (Murcia); the test consisted of marking a in borings and shafts or in surface water masses.

Figure 9. Mass spectrometer for determining stable isotopes.

74 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS These items of equipment are extremely useful when The coordinated project “Geostatistical analysis of it comes to studying groundwater behaviour and its spatial isotope variability to map the sources of wa- relationship with surface water. The final adjust- ter for hydrological studies”, directed by the IAEA is ments are also being made to a direct absorption fruit of the aforementioned collaboration; it is due laser spectrometer (Stable Isotope Ratio Infrared to be completed in 2011. CEDEX is taking part in Spectrometry) for measuring stable isotopes in all this project in collaboration with the IGME, as well water types (Figure 9). as another 14 United Nations members. In 2010, CEDEX also completed its collaboration with the Thanks to the collaboration with the Agencia Estatal IGME on the project “Modelling the composition of de Meteorología (AEMET), the Spanish Network for environmental isotopes in precipitation in Spain. Monitoring Isotopes in Precipitation (REVIP) is still op- Geostatistical analysis of their spatial variability erational and can determine the isotopes in the pre- and meteorological and geographical regulation fac- cipitation on the Iberian Peninsula. The network tors study”, which supplements the aforementioned comprises 16 stations distributed in such a way that project. they cover extensive areas and climate zones (sta- tions in wet and dry zones, inland and on the coast, The isotope data from the REVIP are also going to be Atlantic and Mediterranean). The data obtained are used in the project entitled “Modelling the isotope very useful for studying the hydrological cycle on composition of the hydrological cycle in Spain and the Iberian Peninsula, this study being promoted its application to research into hydrology and climate and backed by the World Meteorological Organiza- change”, which was initiated in 2010. The IGME tion and the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia are (IAEA). The Spanish data for the Global Network of also participating in this project, which is led by Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP network) that the two CEDEX and financed by the Ministry of Science and organisations have, are provided by CEDEX from the Innovation. Isotope Applications Area.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 75 THE USE OF ISOTOPE TECHNIQUES TO STUDY GROUNDWATER FLOWS IN RESERVOIR ENVIRONMENTS

n recent years, CEDEX has been carrying out a va- components that might be found in the reservoir as riety of studies aimed at providing a hydrogeologi- a result of the discharge of pollutant waste. Ical and isotopic classification of reservoir environ- ments, as part of the work commissioned by the • Techniques based upon the measurement of the Dirección General del Agua del Ministerio de Medio environmental isotopes in the water, such as deu- Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Isotope techniques terium, oxygen-18 and tritium; or present in solu- inherent to the CEDEX Isotope Applications Laboratory tion, such as carbon-13 and carbon-14. are developed in these studies to provide support for the management and protection of the water re- • Techniques based upon the use of artificial trac- sources and the hydraulic infrastructures themselves. ers, including the following: - Flow measurement inside borings. The studies that are conducted in the reservoirs - Establishing connections between reservoirs and generally require the following tasks: boreholes on the one hand, and the discharges or borings located close to the reservoir. • Compiling geological information and dam design information. Reservoir basins are not totally impervious, so seep- age occurs in most cases. Studying such filtering • Hydrogeological and hydrochemical surveying. processes enables researchers to obtain a more in- depth working knowledge of the hydrogeological phe- • Taking samples and measuring parameters in nomena in the proximity of reservoirs, their water bal- situ. ance, their dynamics and the behaviour of the • Conducting chemical and isotope analyses. natural and artificial materials used in the con- struction and sealing works. The seepage could • Integrating the results of the analysis with the ge- emerge close to the dam or remain underground and ological information. come to form part of the local groundwater. When studying, it is important to be able to know whether • Preparing reports on the results and reaching con- such water has seeped out of the reservoir or clusions. whether it comes directly from rainwater recharge. Isotope techniques have proved decisive in making The most important specific techniques to be used this distinction. in researching reservoir leakage are as follows: Example of the use of isotope techniques in the • Techniques based upon the measurement of Tous Reservoir chemical and physicochemical parameters in bor- ings and discharges, including: The specific problem affecting the Tous Reservoir - Measurement of temperature and conductivity (Image I) revolves round the presence of springs lo- profiles in the borings and their relationship with cated on the right bank downstream from the reser- the profiles obtained in the reservoir. voir, where a certain correlation is observed between - Spatial distribution of the temperature, conduc- the reservoir levels and the discharges that emerge tivity and pH at all the available water points. from them, which a priori leads one to believe that - Chemical analyses of the major components in the water flowing out of these springs comes from the water and, at times, those of certain minor the reservoir itself. Furthermore, water emerges in

76 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS Image 1. Tous Reservoir (view from the left abutment). the Júcar-Turia Water Transfer System, which runs through a tunnel on the left-hand side of the dam, and finding out whether it is groundwater or comes from the reservoir is considered to be well worth studying.

The springs that lie on the right bank are the spring in the Charcos Ravine – which emerges near the right-hand abutment of the dam – and the springs which come to the surface at the Murteral Ravine (Image II) –which lie about 1,500 m downstream from the dam.

The discharge from the Charcos Ravine is variable Image 2. Flowmeter at the Murteral Spring. but always slight, and sometimes it even dries up completely; the discharges from the Murteral Ravine from the reservoir into the rock mass. Most of the left have on occasions reached almost 800 l/s. bank of the reservoir is rendered impervious be- cause of the presence of a rather impermeable Ter- Before conducting the study, the in-depth geological tiary formation; in the zones where this formation survey of the area around the reservoir used to com- does not appear, there is a calcareous formation at pile the information for the dam construction project the reservoir elevation, this being karstic (micro- and the subsequent staunching and waterproofing lapiaz) at the surface, through which the reservoir work was obtained. A detailed survey was then car- water could easily seep. ried out that identified the thin, sub-horizontal tab- ular strata of pervious limestone alternating with The use of isotope techniques has proved to be ex- marls, which could enable water to filter through tremely useful in the studies conducted on the Tous

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 77 Image 3. Sampling points.

Reservoir (Image III). A description is given below of mitted for water for human consumption, which are two of the techniques that have provided an answer due to the effects of the water from the River Tajo to the problem affecting the zone: the measurement (with the impact from the Trillo Nuclear Power Plant) of the tritium concentration and the measurement of which reaches the zone via the Tajo-Segura Water the isotopes stable in the water: oxygeno-18 and Transfer System-, are very useful when it comes to deuterium. isotopic hydrology studies.

• Tritium is the hydrogen isotope with mass number The importance of measuring the tritium concen- 3, i.e., 3H. Slight tritium activity occurs naturally high tration at all the water points lying close to the reser- in the atmosphere as a result of certain nuclear re- voir lies in the fact that only the water that comes actions induced by neutrons released in the atmos- from the reservoir or flowing in the River Júcar can phere by cosmic radiation. This natural tritium is in- contain high tritium concentrations. Tritium concen- corporated into the rainfall in the form of tritiated trations of around 5 UT are measured in the Murteral water (3HHO), producing very slight concentrations, Ravine; this value is similar to the levels in the rain- but these can be detected with the latest measure- fall and groundwater in the zone, which would ap- ment techniques. There may be major source of tri- pear to rule out the possibility of this water coming tium production locally, apart from the tritium of from the reservoir. However, in the seepage that oc- cosmogenic origins, which are a result of human curs in the Júcar-Turia Water Transfer System, the tri- activity. The major sources of such production are tium concentrations are similar to the values for the nuclear power plants, irradiated-fuel processing reservoir, which indicates that this water has seeped plants and the industry that manufactures watches in from the reservoir itself. and clocks using luminescent products containing tritium. Such sources are only significant on a local • Amongst other things, the isotopes stable in the level, and they cannot normally be used in most hy- water, deuterium (2H) and oxygen-18 (18O) yield in- drogeological studies. However, in the Tous Reser- formation about the water source and the processes voir, the tritium concentration measurement is ex- to which the different types of water have been sub- tremely useful because the concentration is well jected. The water molecules that contain these heavy above average (between 15 and 30 UT), as opposed isotopes behave rather differently to the molecules to a tritium concentration in the rainfall, which is that contain the lighter more abundant isotopes con- around 5 UT. These concentrations measured in the taining 1H and 16O when it comes to the different reservoir -albeit well below the maximum limits per- processes that take place during the hydrological cy-

78 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS Image 4. Diagram as- sociating oxygen-18 vs. deuterium isotopic variations in the Tous Reservoir.

cle, especially where evaporation and condensation diagram together with the Global Meteoric Water are concerned. These behavioural differences give Line (MWL) around which most of the rainfall and the rise to isotopic fractioning, which makes the isotope rest of the meteoric waters on the planet (Image IV) composition of the water involved in certain physical are grouped. and chemical processes change as a result of that process. Isotopic fractioning means that the isotopic It can be seen from the diagram that the samples composition of the water in a particular place is de- taken from the Tous Reservoir and in the Júcar-Turia termined by its “background”, from the moment that Water Transfer System are located below the Global evaporation occurs in the sea until it falls as rain on Meteoric Water Line (MWL), from which it can be de- the land masses. One very important process that af- duced that they come from rain that has fallen at fects the isotope composition of a body of water higher altitudes and has evaporated later. However, and that is very useful in reservoir studies, is the the samples taken the from the right abutment, in evaporation process. the Charcos Ravine, lie above the MWL, which is in- terpreted as meaning that they come from local rain The isotope composition of a water sample is ex- that has fallen and filtered down without evaporat- pressed in the form of isotopic deviations (d) with re- ing. spect to an international pattern that is embodied by sea water, which is taken as zero on the scale and By way of a conclusion, it can be seen how the two that is known by the initials V-SMOW (“Vienna-Stan- isotope techniques give one single response with re- dard Mean Ocean Water”). Both isotopic deviations spect to the source of the springs and seepage that (deuterium and oxygen-18) can be represented on a appear close to the dam.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS DE TÉCNICAS APLICADAS / 79 LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES n 2010, the Laboratorio Central de Estructuras y Materiales carried out many activities associated Iwith technical assistance, experimentation, re- search and preparing regulations, all of which in- volved construction materials and civil engineering and building structures. . Where STRUCTURES were concerned, and with re- spect to technical assistance to the Dirección Gen- eral de Carreteras (Ministerio de Fomento) with bridges and structures, work continued on the ac- tions taken in specific cases of structural pathology, as well as on the subject of the dynamic ausculta- tion of structures. The latter procedure was used to Figura 1. Viaducto de Ribadeo. Lugo. test the San Pedro de la Ribera Bridges and the Rib- adeo Bridge on the A-8, in Asturias, the bridge on the A-6 at its junction with the CL-602 in Olmedo and the bridge on the N-601 on the hill leading up to Villar in Laguna de Duero, both in Valladolid, as well as the Amposta Suspension Bridge (Tarrag- ona), after the remodelling works were completed that required it to be readapted. The Laboratorio Central’s inspection catwalk was used for the aus- cultation of the Almonte bridges and the abutments of the Arcos de Alconétar Bridges on the Vía de la Plata, both in Cáceres, the Molleda Bridge in As- turias and the bridge over the Contreras Reservoir on the A-3, in the Autonomous Region of Valencia. Finally, other smaller bridges and structures were in- Figura 2. Boca sur del túnel de Viella. spected using more conventional tools; examples of such structures are the Viella Tunnel and the flyover Ongoing analysis and instrumentation work began on the NII spanning the railway lines at Arcos del for the Administrador de Infrastructures Ferroviarias Jalón (Soria). (ADIF), with remote readings from the floor of the Candí Bridge in Tarragona, picked up at the Labora- Viaducto de San Pedro de la Ribera. Asturias. torio Central.

LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES / 81 Figuras 3 y 4. Viaducto del Candí: sistema autónomo de toma y transmisión de datos.

The question of abutments equipped with anti-seis- tion, carried out by private companies for the River mic devices on high-speed railway lines in South-East Ebro Basin Authority, is based upon the SIGAP Pro- Spain was also analysed. A state-of-the-art report is gram – Integral System for Dam Auscultation Man- being drawn up and instruments will be fitted to agement – developed in El Laboratorio. The original several abutments to check their effectiveness. SIGAP Program, which is implemented by other Basin Authorities, is still being improved and its op- The activities involved in the Contract signed with the eration and monitoring are coordinated from the Gerencia de Infrastructures y Equipamientos de Cul- Laboratorio Central. tura led to the carrying out of auscultation work and the analysis of the pathologies that had appeared in Work continued on conducting tests in the dynamic the building that is the headquarters of the Tenerife simulator; they were conducted on electromechani- Archives in La Laguna. Inspections were also con- cal components to be used in railway or military ma- ducted on the buildings used as the Head Offices of terial that will be in motion. Most of these activities the Gerencia de Infrastructures y Equipamientos de concern systems that would be fitted in railways Cultura and the Dirección General del Libro, as a pre- abroad, such as the Karlsruhe Metro and Nueva liminary phase before the projects are undertaken York Subway, amongst others. Fatigue tests were that will involve the refurbishment of both buildings. also carried out on command consoles for the Span- ish Navy (New Spanish submarine). Tests were also With respect to dam auscultation activity, El Labo- conducted for the company Suiza ABB, on traction ratorio continued to supervise the GEISER program. transformers for suburban railways. The part of this program concerning dam ausculta- Further progress was made in the railway testing fa- cilities on activities conducted jointly with the Labora- torio de Geotecnia. Tests continued on bituminous sub-ballast track models in the railway infrastructure testing shed, 3 test zones being defined with different thicknesses. During the first half of the year work went ahead on simulating the passage of 4 million axles us- ing the standard train at 300 km/h on the side zone of the equipment, physical variables being recorded on 150 sensors. The reaction structure was modified be- forehand to allow for simulations of up to 400 km/h. Track ballast accelerations were also measured (Madrid-Barcelona line), using triaxial accelerometers Figura 5. Ensayo de fatiga e impacto de un transformador para embedded in individuals stones, together with the ferrocarril. software needed to process measurements.

82 / LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES As far as construction MATERIALS were concerned, the Laboratorio Central´s most important activities were as follows:

The line of research in the field of using recycled ag- gregates in concrete was continued, as part of the CENIT CLEAM Project, financed by the Ministry of In- dustry, Tourism and Trade. 11 Spanish Research Centres and Universities participated in this project, the technical aspects of which were coordinated by CEDEX. One of its aims is to obtain a greater in- depth knowledge about the use of aggregates re- cycled in structural concrete and non-structural concrete, especially where their durability is con- cerned.

Furthermore, new lines of research have been un- dertaken involving the use in structural concrete, of the fraction of fine recycled aggregate from concrete rubble, as well as the use of recycled aggregates of mixed origins (mixture of ceramics and concrete) in Figura 6. Web sobre residuos utilizables en construcción. non-structural applications, these aspects being sup- plementary to those studied before; the research is Technical assistance was also given to the Port of being done with a view to making it possible to use Bahía de Algeciras in matters concerning corrosion; greater amounts of recycled material. this involved examining the concrete used in a port wharf made of recently-constructed caissons and The Waste Usable in Construction Catalogue was calculating the durability and working life of the also partially updated, with regard to the regula- structure. tions, prices, contact addresses and applications; this will be made available on the website, from Finally, and carry on with the research work into the where it will be possible to download the publication: durability of dam concrete within the Materials Sci- (http://www.cedexmateriales.vsf.es/view/default.aspx). ence Field, studies are now being conducted on the Tajera Dam and the Mansilla Reservoir, to analyse In the field of concrete durability, companies were the pathologies that have emerged in the dam con- provided with technical assistance to prevent crete. Furthermore, and within the field of alkali-sil- pathologies from affecting the concrete. One such ica reaction, a joint study has been undertaken with action was conducted for Levantina Ingeniería y Con- the Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, on the new strucción S.L., with an analysis of the aggregates to National R&D Plan Project: expansive reactions in be used in a pre-stressed concrete for the construc- concrete works: prevention, diagnosis, and predic- tion of a bridge. Work was completed on collaborat- tion of its future evolution (PREDICEX). ing in a study concerning the behaviour of stan- dardised sands, commissioned by the Spanish A collaboration agreement was signed in June with Cement Institute and its Applications, (IECA). Balsas de Tenerife (BALTEN) and the La Palma Island Water Authority with a view to studying and moni- In the field of reinforced concrete in marine envi- toring the geomembranes used to staunch the water ronments, further progress was made on the study storage pools on the Canary Isles. Technical inspec- concerning the behaviour of the concrete located in tions, sample-taking and testing were conducted in a zone exposed to the atmosphere, carried out for this period, which led to the preparation of several re- the Ente Público Puertos del Estado, in which the ports on the state of those water storage pools on state of a Dock in the Port of Avilés is analysed. the island of Tenerife.

LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES / 83 Figura 7. Balsa cubierta de Ravelo en Tenerife.

Work has been completed on the Manual for de- quality brands (AENOR, Bureau Véritas). Such tests signing, constructing, operating and carrying out are also carried out for manufacturers and private maintenance work on water storage pools. It is a companies in Spain and abroad (American, Ger- 10-chapter document prepared in different CEDEX man, Japanese and Korean multinationals) in the Centros and Laboratorios. The Manual was pre- road sign sector. sented at a Technical Workshop held at CEDEX in November. Photometric tests have been conducted in this area with a view to making comparisons between Ger- The geosynthetic bentonite barrier studies con- man, American and Japanese manufacturers of ducted for the company CETCO Ibérica were com- retroreflective materials (microprismatic or with pleted. They made it possible to establish which glass microspheres) used in the road sign sector. tests are the most suitable for characterising ben- tonites and to clarify the specific aspects to be in- LCEM is still collaborating with the Institute of Ap- cluded in the clayey geosynthetic barrier tests. plied Physics (IFA) dependent upon the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in The preparation of Bulletin Nº 135 “Geomembrane studying the problem of colorimetric measurement Sealing Systems for Dams. Design Principles and affecting the different retroreflective materials com- Review of Experience” was also completed for the posed of glass microspheres or microprisms used “International Commission on Large Dams” in products for road signs and markings. (ICOLD); it was published in November, in Paris. Where metal materials are concerned, further tests In the field of materials used on roads, further were conducted to standardise active steel rein- progress was made with the activities and tests for forcements for pre-stressed concrete and drawn certifying glass microspheres used for road mark- wiring for electro-welded mesh, in compliance with ings. Work also continued in the field of road signs the currently applicable Structural Concrete In- and lighting, tests being conducted to classify the struction. Tests have been conducted for Austrian, materials used in the manufacture of signs, French, Italian and Portuguese manufacturers. On gantries, etc., as well as the manufacture of retrore- an international level, Inter-laboratory tests have flective materials composed of glass microspheres been carried out so that comparisons can be made and microprisms. Most of these tests are mainly with respect to the performance of pre-stressed re- conducted for the purpose of establishing different inforcements.

84 / LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES Further progress has also been made with chemi- cal classification tests on all these materials, using the spark atomic emission spectrometry technique.

The tests have also been accredited for carbon and sulphur determination through automatic in- frared determination.

In the area of Certification for AENOR, active and passive tests were conducted for concrete and semi- products for Certification Committee CTC-017 Steel Products for Concrete, such as steel for pre-stressing, drawn wiring and electro-welded mesh, as well as fer- machine for meshing and pre-stressing.

Work continued with the testing of structural steel elements for certification purposes; these elements Figura 8. Nuevo equipo de resonancia para ensayo de fatiga de included tubing and hollow steel sections for Cer- aceros. tification Committee CTC-036. Further progress was also made on tests for Certification Committee CTC- the Domestic Application of Eurocodes, and In- 046, Steel Sections, Bars and Plating for Struc- struction EHE08 on structural concrete has just tural Applications. been translated into English.

A variety of expert reports were issued on metal ma- The Laboratorio Central has been actively partici- terials, including one prepared for the Merchant pating in numerous Spanish and European stan- Navy analysing the potential causes of an oil dardisation committees, and is still collaborating spillage that affected the Huelva Refinery Oil with several interministerial commissions on con- Pipeline. struction materials.

Where the QUALITY SYSTEM (ISO EN UNE 17025) is As far as enlarging and improving the Laboratory concerned, the ENAC accreditation is being re- Equipment is concerned, a Dynamic Resonant Fa- newed for all the tests accredited beforehand. How- tigue Testing Machine was serviced and put into op- ever, the range of tests conducted for road signs eration. and metal materials has increased considerably, to include the chemical analysis of steels and corro- The flexible tubing on the 10,000 kN Dynamic Ma- sion of pre-stressed reinforcements subjected to chine has been replaced and the machine has stress. At present, the Laboratorio Central is ac- been equipped with safety device. A 200 kN Static credited to conduct tests on metal materials for re- Machine has been upgraded with new hydraulic inforcements and construction as well as materials gripping devices and a computerised electronic for road signs. control and test programming system.

One of the activities involved in Laboratorio Cen- tral’s part in drawing up the technical regulations for both structures and materials, is to coordinate the participation of experts who are not from CEDEX in preparing a variety of documents that will make it possible to guarantee the consistency of certain regulations concerning steel and con- crete structures. LCEM is also coordinating the preparation of numerous documents concerning

LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES / 85 CEDEX AND NATIONAL HERITAGE MONUMENTS

ne of CEDEX’s activities that does not have such a tures of such buildings and the nature or state of their high profile as the technical actions concerning constituent materials. Opublic works and the associated environment, but one that is nevertheless of great importance, concerns In the most general of cases, the Laboratorio’s work con- the large number of activities involving public works and sists of taking measurements and making plans of the buildings that are considered special, either because structures, inspections and conducting etiological studies they are national monuments or as a result of their con- of the damage done, classifying the constituent materials siderable historical importance. In this field, and apart and proposing the most suitable courses of action to be from the studies and publications published by the CE- taken to rectify and protect them and, finally, carrying out HOPU and the exhibitions the latter has organised, the the structural evaluations, proposing any strengthening Laboratorio Central de Estructuras y Materiales has often and consolidation work that might be in order. been involved in works of these characteristics over the past two decades. One of the advantages that CEDEX has when it comes to doing this work, is the fact that all the special techniques It goes without saying that actions taken on these types and technicians that are required are to be found in one of works must be approached with great care, because single organisation, i.e. equipment and human resources many mistakes have been made in the past that have to enable it conduct a complete study, because not only been very difficult or practically impossible to rectify. are the abilities of the Laboratorio Central itself avail- able, but also the skills of the Laboratorio de Geotecnia The reasons for undertaking this kind of work are usually and even those of the CEHOPU, if it happens to be nec- twofold, sometimes they are done to assess and deal essary to compile and analyse the historic data about the with pathologies -whether they are structural or affect works concerned. the materials that constitute the works-, and at other times because there is a need to analyse the structural ca- When performing these types of works, the Laboratorio pacity of national heritage monuments that are going to Central has at its disposal a wide variety of resources and be put to new uses, such as refurbishment as public cen- supplementary elements, such as the following: tres, museums or libraries. It is all too frequently the case that there is a lack of reliable data concerning the struc- • The topographical resources and the means for image

Photo 1. Digital image analysis on the Alconetar Roman Bridge. Photo 2. Ancient Albuera de Feria Dam.

86 / LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES Photo 3. Palacio de Correos. Photo 4. Restoration work plan. analysis to provide a visual and dimensional description of action, the following being a brief summary of just of the buildings. some of these activities. • The non-destructive test systems needed to classify the nature and certain properties of the materials: thermog- In the case of civil engineering structures and specifically raphy, magnetic methods, ground penetration radar, scle- where bridges are concerned, apart from preparing a rometry, ultrasounds, endoscopy, etc. complete Stone Bridge Damage Inspection and Evaluation • The means for testing samples of such materials as Manual for the Ministerio de Fomento, a structural clas- rocks, ceramics, steel, concrete, waterproofing systems, sification was carried out on 15 historic bridges –mainly etc. so that their physical, chemical and mechanical char- Roman- together with the classification of the materials acteristics can be established. used to build them; all of these were on the Extremadura • Methods for performing structural classifications in situ: section of the Vía de la Plata (Vía Plata Project). The proj- flat-jack and load tests, for example, as well as calculation ect involved a detail geometrical survey of the structures, programs, either commercial or specifically developed for as well as a compilation of the literature on the subject those purposes. and a classification of the materials. It was also estab- • The instrumentation, data taking and remote trans- lished which quarries were the ones most likely to have mission to a control centre in order to monitor the static been used to extract the construction stone. Further- and dynamic behaviour of a building or civil engineering more, in some cases, a structural analysis was conducted structure. as well as an analysis of the hydraulic factors that deter- mined their exact location. Where dams were concerned, The companies that own or manage these assets and historic and structural research work was done on a series have asked the CEDEX to carry out these types of activi- of historic dams, which has given rise to a doctorate. ties are diverse: Ministerio de Fomento, Ministry of Cul- ture, Regional Governments, Local Councils, Companies, The actions taken on constructions of historic interest and etc. other monuments often involve weathering pathologies af- fecting stone, especially on the outer walls of buildings. The aims of the studies are varied: analysing the bearing Some of the many examples include La Casa de los Picos capacity of flooring or masonry bridges, studying the in Segovia, the Palacio de los Virreyes and the Torre del weathering that has affected the stone materials used in Rei Martí, in Barcelona, the Museo Nacional de Valladolid, the constructions, as well as proposals for protecting the Palacio de Comunicaciones in Madrid (Post Office them against their pathologies or classifying the materi- Building in the Plaza de Cibeles), the Plaza de la Corred- als that constitute the works by conducting non-destruc- era in Córdoba, the Convento de la Madre de Dios in Al- tive tests, which ensure that the damage caused by the calá de Henares or, in a broader capacity, the weathering usual methods does not happen. and preservation of ornamental rocks study in Salamanca and Zamora. Many examples could be given of each one of the courses

LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES / 87 problems, as was the case with the pathologies that appeared in the Parador Nacional de Carmona. After the involvement of the Laboratorio Central and the Labora- torio de Geotecnia, it was advised that a major ground strengthening campaign be carried out.

One major work to be undertaken recently was the mon- itoring of the behaviour of the Casón del Buen Retiro building in Madrid during the excavation and construc- tion in two of its basement floors. In this case, apart from using flat-jack tests to establish the brick wall bearing ca- pacity, the results of which prompted the modification of the construction process, instrumentation was inserted Photo 5. Convento de la Madre de Dios in Alcalá de Henares. in the entire structure with a view to monitoring the movements involved in the works operations, because the Lucas Jordán painting on the roof had to be pre- served.

Another major action on a structure was performed on the roofing of the Hipódromo de la Zarzuela, by Eduardo Torroja, where, apart from listing the damage that has af- fected it since it was constructed, flexibility and vibration tests were conducted on the sheeting.

Prompted by an idea mooted by the aforementioned Ed- Photo 6. Legazpi Abattoir. uardo Torroja, the Junta de Energía Nuclear elevated On other occasions, the degradation studied involves the tank (currently at the CIEMAT facilities) was constructed materials used for singular buildings of much more re- in 1958. Its structure, especially the original pre-stressed cent construction, such as the brick used for the Museo system for the containment vessel, has also been stud- de Arte Romano in Mérida or the concrete for the Insti- ied by CEDEX. tuto del Patrimonio Histórico in Madrid. The Laboratorio Central’s involvement with the Palacio Examining the materials often involves analysing their de los Duques del Infantado, in Guadalajara consisted mechanical properties, upon which the safety and the of advising the Ministry of Culture’s technicians during bearing capacity of the structure depend. One such ex- the operations undertaken during the load tests con- ample is the concrete and brick walls of a series of ducted on one of the building’s raised floors. The assis- buildings in the former Legazpi Abbatoir in Madrid, which tance also included installing and handling an elaborate were examined recently. auscultation system that required not only the detailed monitoring of the tested floor’s movements, but also One special case is the study of the pathologies of the the need to safeguard the frescos on an underlying Torre de Tomares walls in La Alhambra (Granada) and basement, which were prone to feeling the effects of the the way they were built. Non-destructive tests were used considerable loads to which the floor was subjected by such as flat-jack, thermography and vibration analysis the testing. tests. Furthermore, experiments were used to determine the structural functioning aspects of the Tower and of Studying the state of the structure of the buildings be- the reinforcement ties that have been in place for many longing to the Special College of Civil Engineering, next centuries. to the Parque de El Retiro in Madrid is one of the activ- ities currently being undertaken that is worth a special The results of the analysis of structural pathologies of- mention. The main building, constructed in 1888 is, be- ten reveal that the foundations are the cause of the cause of the quality of its construction, one of the most

88 / LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES Photo 7. Torre de Tomares in La Alhambra. Photo 8. Thermography on the Torre de Tomares.

Photo 9. Casón del Buen Retiro. Photo 10. Instrumentation for the Casón del Buen Retiro. singular buildings of its kind. The work includes not only assessing the pathologies of the works, but also classi- fying its constituent materials and its structure (metal materials for the flooring and roof frames, brickwork, re- inforcing steel from different periods, concrete, etc.).

All in all, CEDEX, through its laboratories, brings together a proven technical capacity when it comes to carrying out assessment and valuation work on all types of cultural heritage structures, using state-of-the-art techniques and doing so with the expertise and independence that has come to be expected of it. Photo 11. Civil Engineers’ College, Madrid.

LABORATORIO CENTRAL DE ESTRUCTURAS Y MATERIALES / 89 LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA he Laboratorio de Geotecnia is the organisa- tion within CEDEX that specialises in founda- T tions, earth works, soil and rock mechanics and, in general, all civil engineering activities asso- ciated with the ground. Continuing with the same level or even increasing the number of specialist non- current technical assistance activities mainly for the Ministerio de Fomento and Ministry of Environment, Rural and Maritime Environment Centros Directivos in geotechnical matters was among the aims that the Laboratorio de Geotecnia set itself for 2010. How- ever, its objectives also included providing the same such services to other Ministries, Autonomous Re- gions, Public Bodies, Associations and Companies. Its other main objective was to continue with the plan Figure 1. Slope stability analysis for the new project to heighten to make further technological investments in equip- the Yesa Dam. ment and applied research activities.

Participation in European thematic R&D&I net- organising of research activities. The educational works in the field of geotechnics is considered es- institutions with which it collaborated were the Uni- sential when it comes to enhancing the Laborato- versity of Salerno, Milan Polytechnic University and rio’s capacity and to carry out technical assistance Turin Polytechnic University. work. The Laboratorio de Geotecnia has also continued to CEDEX, through the Laboratorio de Geotecnia, takes participate in the European Large Geotechnical In- part in the European Network ALERT- Geomaterials, stitutes Platform (ELGIP), whose aims include en- and those associated with this network. In 2010 couraging research, development and innovation in once the annual activities had been carried out, the geotechnics through coordination with European management committee held its annual meeting at countries. Two meetings of the ELGIP Management Aussois, France, as well as its annual workshop and Committee were held in 2010 and work commenced the doctorate course. There were also a series of col- on updating the main objectives, freshening up the laborations with universities, most of these taking platform’s corporate image and making the Insti- place via the ALERT Network, which gave rise to the tute known to society, professionals, the scientific- technical community and the European institutions Start of Phase II of the Aguas Teñidas Tailings Pond. Almonaster la th Real (Huelva). in the area of the 7 Framework Programme.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 91 Figure 2. Excavation for the Búrdalo Dam foundations. Badajoz.

Where the European Union 7th Framework Pro- otechnics. In 2010, work began on developing, gramme was concerned, the Laboratorio presented through this group, the activities involved in the re- its candidature for several projects, which was ap- search project “ advanced modelling techniques for proved for the integrated Railway Induced Vibration the performance of geomaterials and geostructures Abatement Solutions Project (RIVAS), whose aim is subjected to dynamic and cyclic loads”, coordinated to develop and standardise new railway freight noise by the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), in reduction techniques, which will get under way in which CEDEX is participating with the subproject 2011. “Experimental Behaviour and Modelling in cyclic and dynamic geomechanical problems”. Regarding domestic research projects, IN 2009, the Ministry of Science and Research, as part of In matters concerning technical assistance, research the National R&D&I Project (2008-2011), in the and technological development, the Laboratorio de 2008 notification for Basic Research Projects, gave Geotecnia carried out tasks in five of the projects its award in 2009 for the coordinated project Geo- commissioned by the Dirección General de Car- dyn, for the development of advanced modelling reteras (Ministerio de Fomento) in the areas that fall techniques for the performance of geomaterials and within the jurisdiction of the DGC (2010-2012), geostructures subjected to dynamic and cyclic loads. signed in April 2010. It is a 3-year coordinated project led by Manuel Pas- tor from the E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, C. y P., Progress was made during the year with work for with 2 subprojects, one directed by Manuel Pastor in Project Nº 9 “Continuing with the inventory of quar- the aforementioned Civil Engineering College and ries for the extraction of aggregates for wearing the other directed by Pablo Mira at CEDEX. courses”. The scope of the research includes the mainland areas where the DGC has powers, except In March 2010, and through the Laboratorio de Ge- for the coastal strip, which was inventoried at an ear- otecnia, CEDEX signed a specific collaboration agree- lier work stage, as part of the previous CEDEX-DGC ment with the E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, agreement with the collaboration of the Instituto Canales y Puertos (Universidad Politécnica de Geológico y Minero de España, an Institute that is Madrid) with a view to setting up a joint research also involved in the current work. The registering of group called “Mathematical Models in Civil Engi- quarries and sampling of aggregates, together with neering m2i”. The aim of this group is to develop and the classification tests, were conducted in the Au- apply constitutive and numerical mathematical mod- tonomous Regions of Galicia, Cantabria, Asturias, La els to Civil Engineering, especially in the area of Ge- Rioja and Western Andalucía.

92 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Figure 3. Drilling rig for marine borings. Port of Cádiz.

No less than 11 reports were issued for Project Nº • Landslides on Highway N-340 in the Province of 10, “Assistance in geotechnical matters”. They were Cádiz. The pathologies affect one fill and several cut- associated with the following activities: tings. On 24th March 2010 a visit was paid in which the courses of action were considered. The report Problems concerning slopes for cuttings and natural concerned was issued (IP-10). hillsides: • Hillside instability at Km. 447,7 on Highway N-634 (Asturias). A report was issued (April 2010, IP-2) that • A cutting near Km. 535 of the A-2 Dual Carriage- contains the conclusions of the analysis of the in- way, close to the Alto de la Panadella (Barcelona). formation received and that which was obtained on The works were completed during the first half of the the visit paid on 24th March 2010. year and a final visit was paid in June 2010. • Stability problems that affected the slopes of the • Landslide affecting the hillside between the AP-7 remodelling works for the junction between the M- motorway and the N-332 Highway N332 in the vicin- 501 and M-511 Highways and the M-40 Ring-Road ity of Mascarat, Altea (Alicante). Surveying campaigns Dual Carriageway, at Km. 36.600 in Madrid. The re- were carried out with the Panda, as well as geo- port has been issued (June 2010; IP-5). physical, seismic refraction and electrical logging • Studying the extent to which the A-7 Dual Car- campaigns were also conducted to study the slid- riageway works affect some of the buildings on the ing phenomenon. Information is also being received hillside next to Cutting 8 of the Albuñol-Adra Sec- from periodical topographical movement control tion, at Km. 376.400, in the Province of Granada. campaigns. On 1st March 2010 the following was A visit was paid and a report issued (September issued: “Technical note on the situation in February 2010; IP9). 2010 concerning the landslide on the hillside be- • Proposal of action to be taken on the landslide at tween the AP-7 Motorway and Highway N 332 near Km. 4.150 on the N-345: La Unión-Portmán (Murcia) Mascarat, Altea (Alicante)”. In June 2010 the report “Landslide on the hillside between the AP-7 Motor- Problems affecting embankments, rockfill, local fills way and Highway N-332 near Mascarat, Altea (Ali- and all-in-one fills: cante). Current situation and proposals for courses of action“ (IP-4) was issued. • Landslide on slope in Highway N-502, Km. • Piedrafita. The works were completed this year. 150.500 in the Province of Toledo. The visit has been • Slope on the N-111Highway, Km. 268.950 to paid and the initial courses of action have been con- 272.350 right-hand side (La Rioja). The first visit was sidered. The report was issued (IP-8) in September made and the report is in the process of being prepared. 2010.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 93 La Guardia. A report was issued under the previous Agreement. The instrumentation work is currently be- ing completed and a report is to be issued contain- ing the conclusions. • Pathology affecting the fill at Km. 356.800 on the VA-11 Road in Cistiérniga (Valladolid). The site has been visited and instrumentation has been laid in place with sliding micrometre. CEDEX has taken a “zero” reading. A first campaign has been conducted for topographical control over the movements. • Geotechnical problems on the Mediterráneo Dual

Figure 4. Moat before pile-driving for the new commercial whar- Carriageway between Km. 241.200 and 241.300 in ves in Vigo Harbour. the Province of Málaga. A report has been issued (March 2010, IP-1). • Slopes on Highway N-323. Boroughs of El Pinar and Vélez de Benaudalla (Granada). A technical visit took place. The study concerns the stability of high- way overflows affected by the Rules Reservoir. The report has been issued (IP-6). • Landslide at Km. 4.150 on Highway N-345 in Mur- cia. A visit took place and a report has been issued (IP-7) in which tiltmeter instrumentation is to be in- serted to study the problem concerned.

Pathologies affecting foundations and underpinning, walls and tunnels:

Figure 5. Crystallisation of thenardite and mirabilite from the • Geotechnical problems along the Polopos-Albuñol glauberite solution (soil sample taken from the Madrid-Valencia (Málaga) Section. The study concerns the stability of High-Speed Rail Link). a hillside slope where a tunnel is being excavated • Embankment at Km. 103.900 on Highway N-420 and the stability of a cutting. Inclinometer tubes have from Córdoba to Tarragona via Cuenca. Section Fuen- been fitted and CEDEX is conducting a reading cam- caliente-Valle de Alcudia. Borough of Fuencaliente paign. Information is also being received from peri- (Ciudad Real). A report has been issued (May 2010, odical topographic movement-control campaigns. A IP-3). This report proposes a solution for stabilising draft report has been issued. the embankment with a micropile wall. • Embankment at Km. 99.600 on Highway N-420 Work has also started for the Dirección General de from Córdoba to Tarragona via Cuenca. Section Fuen- Carreteras (Ministerio de Fomento) on Project Nº 12: caliente-Valle de Alcudia. Borough of Fuencaliente “Optimising compaction control methods for road- (Ciudad Real). At present, an analysis is being con- work fills“. ducted of the results of the periodical campaigns over movements and instrumentation by means of Work was likewise conducted on Project Nº13: “Up- tiltmeters. A technical note has been issued (No- dating articles for PG-3 concerning geotechnical ap- vember 2010; IP-11) in which it is proposed that the plications for geotextiles and associated products”. research be extended to include activities involving To be specific, the European Community literature on drainage and small earthworks, to improve the sta- the regulations in force has been reviewed with re- bility while the study to find a permanent solution spect to Geotextiles and Associated Products as goes ahead. ground strengthening elements and separating and • Instability affecting an embankment at Km. 27.000 filtering elements. A draft of the new PG-3 article is on the old N-232 road from Logroño to Vitoria via now available entitled: “Geotextiles and associated

94 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Figure 6. Cutting failure study on the B-24 Highway at Kilometre 9.100 M.I. in Cervelló (Barcelona).

products as ground strengthening elements”, as Project 1 well as an update of Article 422 entitled: “Geotextiles as separating and filtering elements”. Monitoring and giving geotechnical advice on the post-construction instrumentation study for the El Where the Ente Público Administrador de In- Regajal Tunnel as part of the New High-Speed fraestructuras Ferroviarias (ADIF) was concerned, Rail Access to Levante: Work is currently being and as part of the management work that CEDEX done on the creation of a new dynamic numerical (Ministerio de Fomento) has been commissioned to model (FLAC-3D), which enables the experts to undertake by the Administrador de Infraestruc- create a model of the tunnel’s response to the turas Ferroviarias (ADIF) to “Conduct Research and railway passing through. A first instrumentation Technological Development Work between 2010- campaign is also being designed that will enable 2013”, signed on 22nd December 2009, for a 4- in situ data to be obtained so the model can be year period, in which it is planned to carry out ap- calibrated. plied research and technological development activities of interest to the Spanish state-owned Project 2 railway network, a large number of activities have been carried out that are outlined below. It must be Monitoring the performance of sections of the pointed out that in the framework of these activi- high-speed track using instrumentation tech- ties with ADIF the fieldwork and the studies on niques: 5 courses of action or tasks have been new techniques for controlling sub-ballast com- worked on: paction have been carried out. The results of this Task 2.1: Monitoring the track sections equipped work indicate that this R&D activity will be put into with instruments. This task is initially aimed at practice in the coming months. A new system has running and operating the sections where ADIF also been perfected for obtaining data at the high commissioned CEDEX to placed instruments on sampling frequencies used in the dynamic meas- high-speed lines: urements on High-Speed Rail Links, and personnel • Section 1.- Km. 69.500 of the Madrid-Zaragoza at the Laboratorio de Geotecnia have been trained High-Speed Rail Link. to use it. The work done in the different activities • Section 2.- Fuencarral-Canto Blanco Section of included in the contract in 2010 can be summed the High-Speed Rail Link Madrid-Segovia- up in the following way: Valladolid.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 95 Figure 7. Shotcreting the hea- ding faces in the “Los Ramonci- llos Tunnels” on the Mediterrá- neo Dual Carriageway (Granada).

• Section 3.- Sections with instrumentation for Project Nº 4 the bituminous sub-ballast study in Valdestillas (Madrid-Segovia-Valladolid High-Speed Rail Link). Rational methodology for the short- and long-term dy- • Section 4.- Km. 91.200 of the Madrid-Segovia- namic analysis of railway lines. The following types Valladolid (Arenero) High-Speed Rail Link. of activities were undertaken: This activity also included working on the post- construction instrumentation for the Seseña-Aran- • Developing numerical models. Two 3D models juez Section (Madrid). were devised in collaboration with the Universidad Task 2.2: Comparing the information furnished by de Castilla-La Mancha: one is based upon the FLAC optical fibre instrumentation techniques with the 3D Finite Differences program and the other one measurements provided by conventional instru- is prepared with the ANSYS Finite Elements pro- mentation gram. The models were calibrated with data yielded Task 2.3: studying the behaviour of track sections by the tests on life-size track sections that are be- containing thick ballast. This task also involved ing prepared at the CEDEX Railway Infrastructures using georadar to study the embankment between Facilities. The results obtained have been used to Km. 188.411 and Km. 188.970 on the Madrid- prepare an annual report showing the break- Barcelona High-Speed Rail Link. throughs achieved in the numerical modelling of Task 2.4: Standard track transition instrumenta- railway lines. tion for plate-track on ballast • Laboratory work. Identification and resonant col- umn tests were conducted on small-diameter sam- Project 3 ples extracted from the shape layer and the em- bankment of the life-size physical models of the Use of new techniques to check the extent of com- track constructed at CEDEX. The non-linear elastic paction and the sub-ballast deformation modulus: behaviour of the materials in those layers was char- this project is a continuation of another one included acterised and a rational methodology was estab- in the previous Agreement. The fieldwork was carried lished for including that behaviour in the numerical out on an experimental section in Montijo and the re- models. sults of the work are currently being interpreted. • Work in situ. The surface waves technique was The results are also being compared with those ob- adjusted and used for characterising the maximum tained for the previous test section, so that potential values of the deformation moduli that make up the control techniques other than the current ones can settlement layers of the track infrastructure. be proposed.

96 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Project Nº 5 ducted on the section with 8 cm of that material. At the same time, the computer application for pick- Bituminous sub-ballast study and optimising the ing up and controlling the test results in real time was track rigidity changes in the CEDEX railway infra- verified. The ballast particle acceleration data were structure facilities. The following tasks were per- also interpreted. As a result of all this, two reports formed: were prepared containing fatigue test data interpre- tations as well as two reports interpreting the ballast • Tests with life-size physical models of the track. particle acceleration measurements taken in situ Work was completed on testing the section with 12 and at the facilities. cm of bituminous ballast in the central zone of the test cell and the section was tested with 8 cm of that Project Nº 6 material at one of its ends. The effects was checked of increasing the train speed from 300 km/h to 360 Specific studies to deal with particular cases and to km/h and reducing the wheelbase of the bogies from conduct geotechnical tests in the laboratory. The 3 m to 2.5 m was checked for the track when bal- following actions were taken: last had been laid. At the request of the ADIF, the physical models were used to measure the ballast • Analysing the pathology of an embankment (Río particles accelerations caused by the simulated Cea–Bercianos Section of the Real Camino). passing of series S-100, S-102 and S-103 trains at • Work carried out on the Madrid–Valencia High- speeds ranging from 300 to 360 km/h; these were Speed Rail Link. Section: Seseña–Aranjuez. The main compared with the measurements taken when S-103 aim of the work was to chemically and mineralogi- trains passed Km 69.500 at 300 km/h on the cally establish the phases in soil and rock samples Madrid–Barcelona High-Speed Rail Link. collected in several trial pits at the bottom of a cut- • Interpreting the results. Work has been done on in- ting on the Seseña-Aranjuez Section of the Madrid- terpreting the results from the 5 fatigue tests (5 M Valencia High-Speed Rail Link. on axles) conducted on the section with 12 cm of bituminous sub—ballast and on the 4 fa- Project Nº 7 tigue tests (4 M on axles) con- Updating the PGP articles on “Fills and Treatment with lime”: data have been analysed from several sections that had been treated

Figure 8. Instable slopes study on the Mediterráneo Dual Carriageway, Polopos-Albuñol Section (Granada).

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 97 Geotechnical technical assistance was given to the port authorities requiring this service, as part of the framework of the work commissioned by the Ente Público Puertos del Estado, entitled: Providing Tech- nical Assistance, Applied Research and Technologi- cal Development in Subjects of Interest to the State- Owned Port System (2010-2012). To be specific, the following reports were issued:

• Constructing the Phase I port development on the right bank of the ria in Avilés. Evaluating the dredg-

Figure 9. Preparing the quarry inventory for wearing course aggre- ing slope. gates. • Technical note on the proposal for additional ge- otechnical instrumentation. New Container Terminal in Cádiz. • Analysis of the results of the laboratory test con- ducted on samples taken from the southern en- largement to the Juan Gonzalo Quay (Port of Huelva). • Report on the stability analysis of the Jack Up plat- forms on the Reina Sofía Wharf in the Port of Las Pal- mas. • New commercial wharfs for the Port of Vigo. Find- ing out how far piles have been socketed into the residual gneiss and the first impressions of the mota´s material Figure 10. Dynamic numerical modelling of the cavity effect after supporting a tunnel. The Laboratorio de Geotecnia carried on advising the Huelva Port Authority on constructing and monitoring the Promenade, and Cádiz Port Authority on the ge- otechnical study for the entrance to the new Con- tainer Port.

As far as R&D&I activities with Puertos del Estado were concerned, the following activities were per- formed in the Maritime Works Geotechnical proj- ects:

• In the project concerning the “Analysis of the de- formability of the quarry stone used on caisson foun- Figure 11. Transition study for plate-track on ballast. South dation mounds”, a report was prepared on the Port Entrance to the San Pedro Tunnel. Madrid-Valladolid High-Speed of Huelva mineral wharf caissons (currently being Rail Link. published). Work is being done on studying the foun- with lime and drafts have been drawn up of the ar- dation mounds for Wharf 9 in the Port of Málaga. ticles involved in the project: • In the project concerning “Techniques and method- • Analysis of laboratory data coming from the ologies for assessing, categorising and improving Bobadilla-Granada High-Speed Rail Link. Section: port fills”, work continued in Group IP-03, compris- Tocón–Valderrubio (Granada) ing personnel from the Laboratorio de Geotecnia, • Analysis of the tests conducted on materials for mak- Puertos del Estado and Port Authorities, with a view ing fills. Bobadilla–Granada High-Speed Rail Link; Sub- to preparing a document on the geotechnical aspects section II: Peña de los Enamorados-Archidona of harbour fills. 5 meetings have been held so far,

98 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Figure 12. Dynamic Penetrometer for studying the sub-ballast de- Figure 13. Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) for studying the formation modulus. Madrid-Extremadura High-Speed Rail Link. sub-ballast deformation modulus. Madrid-Extremadura High- Speed Rail Link. and a draft is now available of the text classifying the ings Pond (Jaén). Seismic refraction, electrical re- materials. sistivity and electro-magnetism campaigns were car- • In the project concerning the “Methodology for ried out to study the ground underlying the founda- measuring breakwater geotechnical parameters” the tions for the Búrdalo Dam (Cáceres). Work also work planned in the project was performed; this led continued for the Dirección General del Agua on to a final report being drawn up entitled “Methodol- controlling the performance of the biological reactors ogy for measurement using geotechnical parame- at the second phase of the “Galindo Wastewater ter instrumentation in harbour breakwater founda- Treatment Plant” in Bilbao, during the operating pe- tions”. riod, by monitoring the settlements recorded. The fol- • In the project concerning the “Methodology for lowing reports have been prepared: measuring the geotechnical parameters of the in- ternal surfaces of harbour caisson” the work was • Galindo Treatment Plant. 5 reports were prepared done that led to a final report being issued on the on the settlements recorded when filling the differ- use of instrumentation to measure thrust and pres- ent ponds of the biological reactor sure caused by fills in the internal surfaces of har- • Geophysical tests on the Santa Lucía Dam (Ávila). bour caissons”. 1st and 2nd campaigns. 2 reports were drawn up: Par- • In the project “Dynamic study of caissons. Phase tial Num. 2 and Partial Num. 6. Electrical logging, II”, further progress was made on the work included spontaneous potential, georadar and electromag- in the project file. Other work involved conducting fur- netic profile techniques were used ther laboratory tests on the study sand and the sta- • Geotechnical tests conducted with materials from tus parameter is being implemented in the consti- the Llano del Cadmio Tailings Pond (Jaén). 2nd Part. tutive equation. • Geophysical tests on the Búrdalo Dam (Cáceres). A report was prepared on the seismic refraction pro- 6 field campaigns were carried out for the Dirección files, electrical logging and electromagnetic profiles. General del Agua (Ministry of Environment, Rural and Marine Environment), which involved monitoring One of the most noteworthy activities developed in the behaviour of the Collado de Contreras Dam as a the area of Environmental Geotechnics was the result of the filling process that it has been sub- laying of fill compaction test bands with life-expired jected to as a result of the rain. Research was con- tyres on the Villacarrillo to Villanueva del Arzobispo ducted into the filtering problems affecting the Santa Section of the Dual Carriageway Linares – Albacete Lucía Dam (Ávila), using electrical logging, sponta- (A-32). Further progress was also made on the ge- neous potential, georadar and electromagnetic pro- otechnical classification of samples from Construc- files. Reports have been issued on the laboratory tion and Demolition Waste (C&D) coming from 2 test results on the material to be used in the trunk treatment plants in the Autonomous Region of section of the structure enclosing the Cadimo Tail- Madrid, for use as fill material.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 99 ing carried out in the CEN/TC 351 and AENOR-CTN 193 committees.

Work is also being done for the same Dirección Gen- eral on updating the projects concerning C&D waste, phosphogypsum, coal waste, life-expired tyres and fly ash in the Waste Catalogue, published by the Min- istry of Environment, Rural and Marine Environment.

The Chemical Division at the Laboratorio de Geot- ecnia has been working to find out the contents of

Figure 14. P-S logging probe for the experimental borings in Calle pollutant and hazardous waste in the slag from the Julián Camarillo. incineration of solid urban waste (SUW). Ongoing collaboration has continued with the Laboratorio Central de Estructuras and the Centro de Estudios y At the request of the Dirección General de Calidad Técnicas Aplicadas on the analysis of the principle y Evaluación Ambiental and as part of the con- anions and cations in water samples. tract: Technical assistance, research and techno- logical development in matters under the jurisdic- The following reports have also been prepared as tion of the Dirección General de Calidad y part of the work commissioned by the Dirección Evaluación Ambiental (2009-2013), the Laboratorio General de Calidad y Evaluación Ambiental. They de Geotecnia is collaborating with the Centro de Es- concern geotechnical determinants with respect to tudios del Transporte on the “Monitoring and par- the environmental impact statement: ticipation in developing the European Standardisa- tion work establishing environmental criteria in the • Analysis of the geological-geotechnical aspects use of aggregates on roads”. These activities are be- of the new project to heighten the Yesa Dam with

Figure 15. Seismic refraction exploration on landslide. Altea, April 2010.

100 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA a view to issuing the environmental impact state- nary Isles pyroclasts with a view to their application ment: on roads”, the following activities were undertaken • Addendum to the report: Analysis of the geologi- in 2010: from a theoretical perspective, progress was cal-geotechnical aspects of the new project to made in the search for intrinsic strength laws gov- heighten the Yesa Dam with a view to issuing the erning volcanic materials, in an attempt to find an environmental impact statement. equation that obtains the strength of pyroclasts on • A contract was signed with the Autonomous Re- the basis of only a few parameters. Furthermore, and gion of Andalucía to analyse the diverse documen- with the main aim of finding a collapsible material tation of a geotechnical nature coming from the Co- similar to some volcanic pyroclasts, which enables bre Las Cruces Mine, in the Province of Sevilla. the researchers to compare and adjust the theoret- ical developments, a total of 160 tests were con- The following activities were carried out for EGMASA, ducted (unconfined compression, isotropic com- Environmental Management Company. Regional pression and unconsolidated undrained triaxial tests) Ministry of Environment (Autonomous Region of on artificial remoulded samples manufactured in the Andalucía), and as part of the agreement: Evalua- likeness of real pyroclasts. Progress has been made tion work to assess the stability studies conducted from a theoretical viewpoint on the enlargement of on containment wall for Vessel 3 of the waste dis- the theory that defines a general method for esti- posal site at Nerva (Huelva): mating the pressure exerted by active and passive ground on retaining walls under different failure cri- • Evaluating the stability for calculations for the con- teria. The aim is to obtain the ground pressures ex- tainment wall for Vessel 3 of the waste disposal site erted on retaining structures, increasingly ruling out at Nerva (Huelva). restriction from the initial hypotheses with a view to • Interpreting the surveys, validating the basic proj- generalising the theory. Several articles have been ect hypothesis and the stability studies conducted published at international congresses as a result of on containment wall for Vessel 3 of the waste dis- these breakthroughs. posal site at Nerva (Huelva). As part of the agreement “Study on the spreading of Advice was given to the Regional Ministry of Envi- pollutants in urban waste disposal site barriers and ronment (Autonomous Region of Andalucía) con- how they evolve in time”, signed between Geotecnia cerning the work done by the Committee of Experts y Cimientos, S.A. and the Centro de Estudios y Ex- 1st and 2nd Phase designated by the Regional Gov- perimentación de Obras Públicas (CEDEX), regarding ernment of Andalucía to evaluate the environmental the National R&D Plan project that is being under- regeneration plan for Zones 2 and 3 of the tailings taken by Geocisa and the Universidad Autónoma de ponds for phosphogypsum on the right bank of the Madrid on this subject, Partial Report Num. 3 has Ría del Tinto in Huelva. been issued, Annual Activities 2009-2010, so the agreement is now considered to have been com- The following activities were carried out for the Re- pleted. gional Ministry of Innovation, Science and Com- pany (Autonomous Region of Andalucía), and as Within the framework of the studies that have been part of the agreement: Study and report on the proj- carried out to provide a permanent link between ect “expansion of the Aguas Teñidas mining activities Spain and Morocco via the Straits of Gibraltar, a with the construction of a mineral treatment plant new agreement has been prepared with a view to and waste storage facilities”: carrying out a research campaign, by obtaining undisturbed samples of the ground so that they can • Appraisal of the documentation submitted, prior be tested in the laboratory and in situ, inside the ex- to Phase II of the construction of the Aguas Teñidas perimental laboratory in Tarifa (Cádiz). When decid- Tailings Pond, at Almonaster la Real (Huelva). ing what work would fall within the scope of agree- • Regarding the contract signed in September 2009 ment, a visit was paid to the SECEG pilot facilities in with the Regional Government of Canarias con- Tarifa, during which different types of in situ tests cerning the “Geomechanical study of low-density Ca- were considered. The core samples extracted from

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 101 The Laboratorio de Geotecnia carried on collaborat- ing with AENOR, and chaired the Spanish group of Subcommittee SC-7 (CEN TC-250), responsible for preparing Eurocode 7 Geotechnics. A draft of the Na- tional Appendix is being prepared. Work is also be- ing done on translating Part 2 of Eurocode 7. The Laboratorio is also chairing Committee CTN146, “Ag- gregates”, responsible for preparing Spanish Stan- dards UNE-EN to determine the characteristics of the aggregates used for railway ballast, dam riprap, har- bour breakwaters, road bases and sub-bases, wear- ing courses, concrete, mortars and light aggregates. It is likewise drawing up the Spanish UNE-EN speci- fications that these stone materials must fulfil before they can be used in each one of those work units. The Laboratorio de Geotecnia is also participating in the Geothermal Task Force (AEN/CTN100/GT13) be- longing to the Standardisation 100 Technical Com- mittee on Air Conditioning, whose purpose is to pre- pare the basic Spanish standards (UNE) to be applied in the field of Geothermics associated with building construction and civil works. The standards concerning vertical closed-circuit geothermal facili- ties on surfaces are currently being developed.

A document was completed on “Concrete for Special Foundations” for the Association of Ground and Un- derground Special Techniques Companies” AETESS, as part of the Agreement it signed with CEDEX; it was drawn up by a task force comprising technicians from CEDEX and AETESS, coordinated by the Labo- ratorio de Geotecnia. The document, which was pub- lished at the beginning of 2011, will enable readers to improve the quality of diaphragm walls and piles.

Throughout 2010, the Laboratorio de Geotecnia car- Figure 16. Establishing the modulus for the bituminous sub-ballast layer ried on with the work it started in 2008 compiling in- for the second physical model of the formation and permanently updating in the area of track as a full-scale construction. Core applying geothermal energy to buildings and public sample mounted for load/unload cycle test, with deformation works. In harmony with this attitude towards opening measurement applying extensometric up in the field of geothermics, the Laboratorio de Ge- bands and L.V.D.T. to the sample otecnia has been involved as an active member of head. the Spanish Geothermal Technology Platform (GEO- PLAT), which was set up and officially presented on borings drilled in different campaigns conducted in 11th May this year. The Laboratorio is a member of recent years were inspected. The samples were two of the 7 work groups, namely “Near-Surface Ge- found stored in boring-core boxes stored in the othermics” and “Training”. In the same area of Ge- gallery and were used to observe the ground and to othermics, the Laboratorio de Geotecnia has coor- make decisions about the most suitable types of lab- dinated the preparation of articles to make Issue oratory tests to be conducted. 156 of the specialist journal Ingeniería Civil, a mono-

102 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA graph focusing on geothermal energy applications in • Furthermore, in 2010, and after the complete ge- buildings and public works. The Laboratorio also ological, physicochemical and geotechnical analy- took part in a research project proposal for the Na- sis of the samples obtained from the Julián Camar- tional R&D Plan, together with the group Rodio Kro- illo borings, a doctoral thesis was initiated, the main nsa and the company concerning research and ex- aim of which was to correlate the geological, physic- perimental studies into the correct way of applying ochemical, geophysical and geotechnical properties very low-energy enthalpy geothermal energy in foun- of the materials crossed in the borings already dation components. drilled; samples were taken from the cores extracted from Boring SG-1 with a view to beginning the de- • As part of the internal R&D&I known as “Updat- tailed geological and geotechnical identification, cov- ing geophysical tests applied to geotechnics”, work ering different aspects: a visual description of the began at the end of 2009 on drilling 6 geotechnical hand samples, geological identification by deter- borings at the CEDEX’s facilities in Calle Julián Ca- mining its chemical composition, using X-ray fluo- marillo (Madrid). The reason for drilling these borings rescence, as well as its mineralogical composition, (SIG-1 to SIG-6) were to facilitate the following for a by X-ray diffraction, determining sulphates, carbon- considerable period of time: to have well-drilled bor- ates, organic matter, physicochemical parameters ings with accurate records that would enable those such as specific surface, cationic exchange capac- concerned to have a test platform for adjusting geo- ity and exchange cations, pH and REDOX potential. physical techniques and equipment; to use the bor- Apart from all these analytical methods, the usual ings, while they were being drilled and when com- geotechnical categorisations are being established pleted, to adjust geotechnical equipment; to propose by conducting tests such as establishing the specific laboratory techniques to test samples obtained from weight by water and helium pycnometry, granulom- the borings; to have at our disposition a school for etry and Atterberg limits. teaching the younger graduates how to drill the bor- ings, and to demonstrate the theoretical classes that The following activities were performed as part of the are given to students who are doing their Masters Ongoing Technical Service’s Laboratory Geotech- in Geotechnics; to improve scientific and geotechni- nical Tests: purchasing and adjusting a thermo- cal awareness where Madrid soils are concerned, as gravimetric analysis system to categorise soil and well as to teach drilling and sample-taking methods. rock and a system for measuring mercury in soil The borings were also logged with the following equip- samples; bender element transducers have been ment: tiltmeters and natural gamma; electromag- incorporated into triaxial cells, the press, the pres- netic; electrical (dipole, spontaneous potential); wa- sure system and the data collection system have all ter quality (nitrates, ph, Redox potential); calibre; full- been changed on the 9” triaxial equipment has been wave sonic tool; P-S logging. With a view to compar- changed; the data collection system used by the di- ing the geophysical characteristics of the ground ob- rect shear equipment (30 x 30 cm.) has been mod- tained with the probes and the characteristics pro- ernised. vided by other techniques that do not require borings to be drilled, the following surface campaigns have The size of the Railway Infrastructure Facilities been were carried out close to them: Seismic re- has been increased twofold. It has been equipped fraction; passive seismic method; spectral analysis with a new system that can simultaneously control of surface waves (SASW). The data obtained from the the 4 low-frequency servo-hydraulic actuators al- P-S logging equipment and the data obtained from ready in use, plus the 6 new ones bought in 2010: the physicochemical analysis of the samples ex- four of them are similar to the existing ones, the tracted from the borings are being researched to find other two being high-frequency piezoelectric actua- out which part of the water in the double layer of tors. Where the latter were concerned, the power the clayey fraction of the ground vibrates as solid spectral density functions that will make it possible phase in the tests that are conducted with this equip- to supply them were identified. Work to prepare the ment. The ultimate aim of this research is to be able Facilities commenced in September and was com- to interpret the records obtained using elastodynamic pleted by the end of the year. and seismoelectrical models.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 103 probes currently available. The aim is to make the most of the Laboratorio’s experience with the piezo- cone technique so that it can be applied to survey- ing polluted ground, thereby supplementing and adding to the information that can be compiled, and to do so in an uncomplicated way and with only a slight increase in effort and cost. The idea is to broaden the potential for specialised research and experimentation, increasing the offer already avail- Figure 17. Electrical logging profile in Altea. able through geotechnical surveying of polluted soils and detecting pollutants; this is something Seismic piezocone equipment with a pressure unit that cannot be done at present, but it is expected mounted on caterpillar tracks was purchased with to become a need for the Bodies responsible for a view to supplementing the field equipment avail- this ground. able at the Laboratorio de Geotecnia and to in- cluding the latest technological breakthroughs in A 10.5 t. 4x4 MMA lorry adapted to be driven on spe- the area of in situ tests. It is an autonomous piece cial and rough terrain was purchased as part of the of equipment where movement and work are con- investment envisaged in the Strategic Plan. The 4.5 cerned, and is provided with an anchorage system m x 2.5 m cab has been adapted to provide an en- that reacts in an optimum way when conducting the closed area that serves as a field laboratory suitable tests, as well as being mobile and versatile enough for working with electronic equipment in controlled to access rough terrain. The seismic probe enables conditions, as well as to transport the new items of it to simultaneously conduct piezocone tests with field equipment to be used in a supplementary ca- pore pressure measurement and down-hole type pacity. seismic tests, which are essential for directly es- tablishing the ground deformation modulus, which Where R&D&I dissemination activities were con- conventional piezocone equipment cannot do. En- cerned, and more specifically, with respect to con- vironmental probes and a latest generation sys- ferences and workshops, it must be mentioned that tem for taking water samples were purchased, the in 2010 the Laboratorio de Geotecnia organised the latter adapting to the conventional piezocone following symposiums and events at CEDEX:

Figure 18. Surface waves on a high-speed rail link embankment. Montijo, September 2010.

104 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA • A Symposium on “Deep storage of CO2” was most important aspects of the recently-prepared held jointly with the Sociedad Española de Tailings Pond Manual were explained; CEDEX tech- Mecánica de Rocas (SEMR) on 14th April; 75 peo- nicians were speakers at the event. ple attended. • The Laboratorio de Geotecnia (CEDEX) also di- • From 21st to 23rd September, the Course on De- rected and coordinated the Soil Mechanics and Ge- signing Air-Conditioning by Geothermal Heat otechnical Engineering Master Course, as it has Pump Systems was held at CEDEX; it was organ- been doing for the past 13 years. Since 2009, it has ised by the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia and been recognised as being a university qualification the Laboratorio de Geotecnia (CEDEX), and with the from the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM). collaboration of the companies Energesis and Ro- The course took place from 1st February to 30th Sep- dio-Kronsa. It was directed by Javier F. Urchueguía, tember 2010, the closure day, a total of just over 34 from the UPV and by Fernando Pardo de Santayana, weeks. The Master’s lectures were given over a pe- from the Laboratorio de Geotecnia (CEDEX), and in- riod of 21 weeks, between 1st February and 25th cluded a technical visit to an actual case of geot- June. There were a total of 530 hours, including lec- hermal piles. tures (500 h.) and technical visits (30 h.). In July, • On 18th November, a “Course presenting the tail- August and the first 2 weeks of September, the stu- ings ponds design, construction, operation and dents did a Master’s dissertation, which was sub- maintenance manual”, was organised at CEDEX. It mitted between 24th and 28th September. 57 lec- was organised jointly with the Spanish Large Dams turers from CEDEX, universities and private com- Committee (CNEGP). The Manual text was pre- panies took part. 30 students from 12 countries sented and distributed to the participants, and the took the course.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 105 STABILISING A CUTTING AFFECTED BY THE REACTIVATION OF A PALEOSLIDE

n the area of technical assistance to the Dirección The ditch at the toe had cracked and been raised General de Carreteras (Ministerio de Fomento), with respect to the hard shoulder level, partially Ithe Laboratorio de Geotecnia was commissioned dragging the asphalt aggregate (Photo 4) to study the pathologies observed in a cutting on the A2 Dual Carriageway in Cataluña; the cutting is Other symptoms of the cutting’s deterioration were: around 70 m high and has 2 intermediate berms bolt pull-out; surface sliding of the ground, which (Figure 1). built up on the metal meshwork over the lower ca- bles (Photo 5 and Photo 6); instability on the second level of the cutting, cracks being detected on the up- per berm (Photo 7); and failure of the upper an- chorage networks (Photo 8). Only the third level of the cutting showed no signs of instability.

The movements evolved significantly during the 15 days immediately following the first visit, cracks ap- pearing in the dual-carriageway central reservation seeming to indicate that the instability surface was running under the carriageway nearest to the slope (Photo 9 and Photo 10), fresh failures of the bolts with material thrown onto the carriageways (Photo Figure 1. Original geometry of the cutting. 11), which meant that the Madrid-bound carriageway had to be closed to traffic, emergence of major While it was being constructed, when it had reached cracks throughout the first berm; bulging in the slope a height of 30 m and sloped at 1.2H:1V, this cutting zone not originally affected and frequent damp was fraught with several periods of instability. The patches and signs of karstification on the upper solving of those problems, which only affected the limestones. lower part (Photo 1), led to geometrical modifications and to laying lengths of metal meshwork bolted to After inspection, different courses of action were the ground. considered, including the following:

The cutting is composed of uneven alternating layers • Fixing plates to the bolt heads and securing them to of marls, clayey marls, marly limestones, sandstones the cables, to prevent the bolts from being thrown up. and argillites. The material in the upper 20-25 m, • Detailed survey of the cutting surface (including above the top berm, is firmer, composed of rather the cracks) and use of tiltmeters in the vicinity. karstified marly limestones that allows large • Topographic control over the movements with ac- amounts of water to seep down into the underlying curacy to the nearest centimetre. materials. • Tiltmeters

During the visit paid to the cutting in 2009, when the During the first monitoring period, a major develop- dual carriageway was open to traffic, it could be ob- ment was observed in the cutting instability. Figure served that an instability process was evolving that 2 shows a plan of the main cracks detected in the basically affected the bottom 50 m, with a crack ap- cutting together with the positions of the drains and pearing about 5 cm above the first berm (Photo 3). the surveying work done.

106 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Photo 1. View of the cutting during the dual-carriageway construction works.

Photo 2. View of the cutting in April 2009.

Photo 3. Crack on the bottom berm. Photo 4. Surveying the cutting toe.

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 107 Photo 5. Bolt failures. Photo 6. Deformation affecting the cutting surface.

Photo 7. Upper berm failure. Photo 8. Failure of the upper network anchors.

Figure 3 shows a section with the movements on the An initial geometrical remodelling diagram (Figure 4) cutting surface. The slope of the movement vectors was defined on the basis of the surface movements is steep at the top of the cutting, becoming gentler and cracks observed in the cutting, together with the until it is almost negligible at the bottom. This move- data provided by the tiltometers installed, the cutting ment distribution is generally associated with failure surface being set back 40 m, in order to remove the processes where there is a rotational element that ground that had slipped. Excavation slopes similar to is likely to have an affect down to considerable the existing ones were established: 1.8H:1V for the depths. first level, 1.5H:1V between the two berms and 1H:1V at the top level, which is the limestone rock The tiltmeters confirmed that there was an instabil- mass without marly interlayers. A minimum width of ity process affecting the dual carriageway, which 6 m was taken for the berms. had already manifested itself in the form of cracks in the central reservation. This geometry was later subjected to slight modifi- cations in the zone underlying the lower berm, be- The initial approach to solving the problem included cause the instability surface was detected behind re-sloping the cutting by making use of the gully text the reprofiled surface originally envisaged. to the crown, placing a stabilising rockfill heel at the cutting toe (to stabilise it and protect the cutting The work was approached by excavating from the up- surface in the zone where the outcrops of materials per part, gradually removing the material that had are most likely to be adversely affected), shallow been moved, which reduced the destabilising weight and deep drainage for the slopes and protection for and progressively improved the cutting stability con- their surface. ditions.

108 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Photo 9. Crack on the edge of the central reservation shoulder. Photo 10. Crack in rigid central reservation barrier.

Photo 11. Close-up of the kerb uplifting and the one of the bolt Photo 12. View of the extent of crack in the lower berm. heads thrown onto the carriageway.

Photo 13. Build-up zones at the bottom of the cutting. Photo 14. Close-up of the crack at the eastern end of the upper berm.

Subhorizontal drains were provided at the cutting toe another 4 lines were laid on the lower berm. The hor- and on the cutting surface, first on a temporary ba- izontal gap between holes ranges from 5 to 7 m. The sis and later as permanent stabilising elements. drain density was increased in the zones where Several of them drained away large quantities of moisture appeared on the surface. water, especially during their first period of service. 1 line of drains was laid about 20 m long from the In July 2009, it was considered necessary to open upper beam, 4 lines of drains 40 m long were laid on to traffic, the carriageway next to the cutting while the intermediate slope (between the two berms) and continuing with the stabilising work. A decision

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 109 Photo 15. View of the lower limit of the instability. Photo 16. Close-up of the build-up of material on the metal meshwork at the lower limit of the instability.

Photo 17. View of the crack from the edge of the upper berm. Photo 18. Protection system to prevent bolts being thrown up.

Table 1. Alarm criteria at the final stage of the works

Alarm Movement in Movement in Action level 24 hours (m) 3 days (m) 1 < 0,05 < 0,10 Continuing with the monitoring

2 0,05 - 0,20 0,10 - 0,40 Updating the readings at the point and nearby points and, when in order, considering supplementary measures 3 > 0,20 > 0,40 Sending alert warning. Updating the readings at the point and nearby points and, when in order, stopping the traffic flow and considering stabilisation measures

Notes: The alarm level at each point is for the less favourable condition of the two.

110 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA Figure 2. General layout with locations of the cracks, drains and research work.

Figure 4. Esquema del reperfilado. Figure 3. Diagram of the reprofiling. was taken to install an automated system for the and from the computers of each one of the tech- ongoing control of cutting deformations using a ro- nicians involved. The system also enables the user botised topographic station and a set of mini- to give warnings when the predefined alarm crite- prisms arranged on its surface (Photo 20, Figures ria are exceeded (Table 1). 5 and 6). The important role played by instrumentation not This enabled the technicians to record how the only in devising the stabilisation solution, but also movements occurred in real time by monitoring in monitoring the works and opening the carriage- via Internet. The monitoring process was done way to traffic must be stressed. At the final stage both from the control post on the dual-carriageway of the works, both the tiltmeters and the surface

LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA / 111 Photo 19. Subhorizontal drains under the build-up of the Photo 20. Automated topographic control system. material. Tracing of the failure line.

topographic control indicate the stability of the cutting.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

It would not have been possible to carry out this work without the participation of the technicians from the Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado in Cataluña and the company Fomento de Construcciones y Con- tratas, S.A.

Figure 5. Automated topographic control system.

Figure 6. Graph showing the evolution of the movements of a milestone.

112 / LABORATORIO DE GEOTÉCNIA

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA INTRODUCTION

The activities of the Laboratorio de Interoperabilidad Ferroviaria on a domestic level were consolidated in 2010 with the signing of the Management Orders with the Ministerio de Fomento, ADIF and RENFE for the period 2010-2012. These orders as a whole will enable the Laboratory to jointly finance a list of over 50 activities of interest to the signatories.

Throughout 2010, the Laboratorio de Interoperabil- idad Ferroviaria continued to work on the network with the German research laboratory to work in net- This collaboration is completed with the contracts work with the German Aerospatial Research Centre, signed with the CITEF (Universidad Politécnica de DLR, the Investigación Aeroespacial DLR, the com- Madrid) to develop its own testing tools for the do- pany Multitel from the University of Mons and the mestic market and with the French company ERSA Italian Certification Body RINA. The excellent re- to develop its own tools for the European market. The sults obtained in the fields of testing and develop- different cooperation environments can be seen in ing analysis tools are fruit of the synergy arising the figure shown upwards. from these collaborations, which have led this Joint Venture to the forefront in Europe. The Consortium A third and expanding field is the important com- has signed 3 European projects with the European mercial activity that is recorded in the Eurobalise lab- Railway Agency (ERA) and 2 with the European Com- oratory with emerging Chinese, Korean and Japan- mission through the ERTMS Users Group in Brus- ese companies that place orders for testing new sels. on-board products (Antenna + BTM) and track prod- ucts (Eurobalise) for the Eurobalise ETCS communi- The performance of the long list of tasks involved in cations channel. both environments is being successfully undertaken thanks to the Framework Collaboration Agreement signed between CEDEX and INECO. Two addenda EUROCAB LABORATORY have already been added to this Agreement. They contain the specific fields of collaboration between Domestic Area the two institutions in the area of Ports and Harbours (1st Addendum) and Railway Interoperability (2nd Ad- On a domestic level, the most outstanding activity dendum). where innovation is concerned was the role played

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 115 by the Laboratory in putting into service the Madrid Suburban and Madrid-Levante High-Speed Rail suburban rail projects and the Madrid-Levante High- projects Speed Rail Link. • Thales track engineering de Thales for the Madrid Suburban project. Reference must be made to the trust placed by com- panies in the independence and professionalism of L.2. An update was given to the system for adapting the laboratory, which has enabled it to use the Al- and amplifying the odometry and interface signals stom, Dimetronic and Thales project data, as well as between the Eurocab Laboratory and the industrial the connection with the Alstom, Bombardier, ETCS onboard equipemnt. Dimetronic and Siemens Eurocabs. The return of experience in the domestic setting establishes the L.3. The ETCS on-board equipment belonging to the Laboratory as the pioneer in Europe where the following companies was connected to the Euro- processes of commissioning commercial services cabin laboratory: are concerned. The European Commission has • Alstom, to validate the way it operates on Line shown great interest in this, in view of its intention to C4 (Madrid Suburban). display it in the major European rail corridors as • Bombardier, to validate the way it operates on from 2012. the Madrid – Levante Line. • Dimetronic, to validate the way it operates on The experience of using the Laboratory to commission Line C4 (Madrid Suburban). the Madrid Suburban and Madrid-Levante High-Speed • Siemens, to validate the way it operates on the Rail Projects is being used to prepare the Eurocabin Madrid – Levante line. Laboratory validation document. This is being done by making a comparative analysis of the track records L.4. Further work was done on developing tools to and laboratory records using the same data as in the generate scenarios and to analyse test results, es- project, the same Eurocabins and the same operating pecially: scenarios. This validation will enable the European Railway Agency to accept, in the near future, the op- a) The Juridical Recorder Unit recordings analysis erating scenarios for commissioning validated in the tool was updated with the incorporation of format de- laboratory by ADIF’s Safety Department. coders for new companies, a debugged graphic ver- sion and a new application that exhaustively The alliance signed between CEDEX and INECO has searches for specific events. made it possible to set up work groups devoted to specific tasks in which the LIF group has focused on b) Developing a specific tool for generating operating the development of the ERTMS laboratory and the scenarios for laboratory tests with project data. The INECO group has concentrated on designing the op- Automatic Scenario Generator (ASG) enables the erating scenarios for the on-line supplementary tests operator to construct using a special menu, operat- as well as the field tests. ing scenarios adapted to specific segments on the line that are put into service. Laboratory work c) The CEDEX management has made a strategic in- The following 8 areas were among the most out- vestment with a view to updating and improving the standing ones where laboratory work was con- Eurocabin Laboratory, the purpose of which is to in- cerned: corporate all the following elements into one single tool bank L.1. The track engineering data for the following • On-board equipment from different companies projects was transferred to the laboratory environ- • Track equipment for Level 2 (RBC) from differ- ment: ent companies • Alstom track engineering for the Castelbisbal – • Project data for the track infrastructure Can Tunis Section • Interlocking and Traffic Control Centre simula- • Dimetronic track engineering for the Madrid tors

116 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figure 2. Image of the Automatic Scenario Generator (ASG) recor- Figure 3. Using of the ASG tool to set up an operating scenario on ding analyser. the Madrid–Levante Line. The aforementioned will enable the Laboratorio de quena Station Interoperabilidad Ferroviaria to provide technical as- • Studying the effect of positioning the balise sistance in commissioning Level 2 ERTMS projects, on 3-rail sections using actual on-board and infrastructure equipment • Studying the effect of positioning the balises at and project data. It will also be oriented towards the the entrance to the changer in Joaquín Sorolla requirements expressed by the European Commis- Station (Valencia). sion for putting the Trans-European Railway Network into operation as from 2012. Field work

L.5. With the project data and the Eurocabins con- Reference must be made to the field work in the fol- nected, the supplementary tests on the Tres Cantos– lowing areas: Colmenar (Dimetronic) and Villaverde Alto (Thales) Sections were conducted in the laboratory. C.1. The report was completed on the supplemen- tary tests for Madrid-Lérida Level 2 using Train S-103. L.6. A significant percentage of the movements per- The attention to technical detail for the in-depth mitted by the operating programme were conducted, analysis of a series of 23 major incidents led to a so we are now in a position to say that this is the first considerable delay in submitting the report, which line commissioned with laboratory tests. As a result made it necessary to tackle future work with differ- of this work, the LIF team was congratulated by the ent teams for the laboratory work and the field work. Dirección de Instalaciones y Control de Tráfico (ADIF). The INECO work group completed the laboratory L.7. An off-line check was conducted on the engi- work with the field tests, these activities ranging neering rules established by the ADIF for the com- from the specification to conducting and evaluating patibility of versions in N1. The results of the verifi- the tests. Mention must be made of the activities cations were positive in all the cases analysed carried out in the following areas: except for Requirement 5.2 (Distance for announc- ing track conditions). C.2. Test specification for putting projects into serv- ice. The INECO group indicated the cases for general L.8. A set of 5 technical notes were prepared in or- tests and the specific scenarios for the commis- der to analyse in the laboratory, specific problems sioning processes, to be specific: such as: • Cases of general tests requested by the ADIF • Assessment of on-board errors affecting the on- for commissioning Level 1 ERTMS projects and board equipment for the Level 1 transitions to the national systems • Analysis of faults triggered off by the readings EICAB and LZB. from a set of balises with excessive contact • Supplementary Test Scenarios. The INECO length. group constructed the specific scenarios for the • Analysis of the renewal of the Movement Au- following 7 projects: thorisation after the expiry of the timer at Re- - In situ Supplementary Test Scenarios for Train

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 117 S-114 on the Madrid – Lérida • Report on the Level 1 Supplementary Tests on - Scenarios for analysing ways of mitigating the track for the on-board equipment on S-130 the effects of CR 504. Requena Station on the Madrid – Levante Line - Supplementary (field) tests Scenarios for Train • Report on the Level 1 Supplementary Tests en S-112 on the Madrid – Valencia Line. Tarazona campo for the on-board equipment on S-114 on Interlocking the Lérida – Barcelona Line - Supplementary (field) tests Scenarios for Train • Report on the Level 1 Supplementary Tests en S-112 on the Madrid – Valencia Monteagudo - campo for the on-board equipment on S-114 on Chiva Line + Albacete Branch - PCA 296.735 the Madrid – Lérida Line - Supplementary (field) tests Scenarios for Train • Report on the Level 2 Supplementary Tests on S-114 on the Lérida – Barcelona Line code management conducted with Train S.112 - Supplementary (field) tests Scenarios for Train and the RBC (Guadalajara) S-114 on the Madrid – Lérida Line - Supplementary (field) tests Scenarios for Train Europe S-130 on the Madrid – Valencia Monteagudo - Chiva Line + Albacete Branch - PCA 296.735 Together with the companies DLR, Multitel, RINA and INECO, the Laboratorio de Interoperabilidad Fer- C.3. Assessment of field tests: The INECO group as- roviaria signed a framework contract with the Euro- sessed the results of the field tests. To be specific, pean Railway Network with a view to establish the the group prepared tests reports for the following specifications for the certification tests for on-board combinations of trains and tracks: equipment in accordance with the new Baseline 3 • Report on the Level 1 Supplementary Tests on (SRS 3.2.0), which will be used for laying out the Eu- the track for the on-board equipment on S-112 ropean freight corridors. on the Madrid – Levante Line • Report on the Level 1 Supplementary Tests con- Considering the European panorama for on-line proj- ducted in the laboratory with the Siemens 2.2.2 ects with Version 2.3.0 “d” of the technical specifi- Eurocabin on the Madrid – Valencia Line: Pozor- cations, the European Commission and the Euro- rubielos – La Gineta pean Railway Network has changed the European

Figure 4. View of European high- speed rail pro- jects (UIC 2010).

118 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA project priorities from Baseline 3 to the debugging of the test specifications for this version currently in force.

The feedback from the signalling laboratories and in- dustries has been received, almost 3,000 observa- tions having been made. Work is progressing on drawing up a major review and update of the test specifications. The modifications will be included in Figure 5. Differences detected between Version 2.3.0 “d” and the the European Directive midway through 2011. new Baseline 3.

Regarding the way the ERTMS system is evolving to- wards the technical specification that will be used when laying out the European freight corridors, an initial verification has been carried out with respect to the extent to which the new Baseline 3 is com- patible with Version 2.3.0 “d” currently in force. With a view to this, a working model of the on-board equip- ment for the new baseline has been devised (in ac- Figure 6. Beginnings of compatibility between consecutive ver- cordance with Specification SRS 3.0.0) and the cer- sions. tification sequences for Version 2.3.0 “d” of the technical specifications have been followed using that no major backward compatibility problems were this model. found, although a second test experiment will be necessary, once the test sequences of Subset- Thanks to this project, one can be extremely opti- 076 for SRS v2.3.0D are final and the TSD for Base- mistic about the probability of a future-generation line 3 has all bugs fixed. train (Baseline 3) being compatible with the current ERTMS infrastructures based upon Version 2.3.0 “d” of the technical specifications. The experience gained by the laboratories in con- ducting the tests is summed up in the following ac- The message of optimism sent to the European Com- tions taken, in which the role of Multitel is to inte- munity after an initial verification is shown below: grate the experiences of the laboratories, thanks to its ability to develop software applications that are Subject: Baseline 3 Backward Compatibility Sum- particularly suited to analysing the test results: mary Report • Unifying the test records coming from the Juridical As a result of the contract signed by MULTITEL with Recorder Unit (JRU), Test Event Recorder (TER) and the EEIG Users Group on 29th April 2010, we are Driver-Machine Interface (DMI) pleased to say that there was no major backward • Synchronising all the testing tools compatibility found between a simulated onboard • Stabilising images, filtering out interferences and equipped with a Baseline 3 ETCS against the 93 test identifying changes in the specific areas, (screen sequences of Subset-076-6-3 v2.3.1. fields) of the DMI display • Using formal language in defining observables so The test campaign has been performed during sum- that they can be used for reference purposes in the mer 2010 by CEDEX and INECO from Spain, DLR and semi-automatic analysis of tests IQST from Germany and TECH4RAIL and MULTITEL • Creating an expert tool (SATAV) for semi-automatic from Belgium. RINA from Italy participated in some comparative analysis of the expected observables tests that were carried out within the CEDEX prem- and the integrated records coming from the test. ises, the main focus being on the test methodology. Finally, this first result is promising, in the sense

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 119 Providing the ADIF with technical support

The laboratory has provided ADIF with technical sup- port in the following:

• Experimental research into the reliability of the Eu- robalises, by monitoring the response of a group of 100 Eurobalises installed in an experimental stretch of the Madrid – Lérida Line between Kilometres 68 and 240. • Analysis of the fault affecting Siemens on-board system causing an excessive contact length in the reading of the Group of Standby Balises (3624) on Figure 7. Integrating test records into one single communal data- the Madrid – Lérida Line base. • Analysis of the renewal of the Movement Authori- sation after the expiry of the temporiser at Requena Station with Trains S-112 and S-130 • Studying the effect of the positioning of balises on sections with 3 rails: studying the effect of a side movement on balise installation, to try to make the balises as centred as possible for both widths.

Testing equipment

Throughout 2010, the number of companies con- ducting Eurobalise certification tests increased with the presence of 3 Chinese companies that are cur- rently developing Eurobalises. One further was re- ceived from a Korean company. Figure 8. Semi-automatic analysis of the results of a test. The prospects for on-board Eurobalise equipment The SATAV tool will make it much easier to jointly ac- tests (Antenna + BTM) for 2011 grew, with applica- credit the CEDEX, Multitel and DLR laboratories so tions being made from European, Japanese Korean that they can conduct certification and commis- and Chinese companies. sioning tests, thus guaranteeing that there is a con- sistent interpretation of the results. Providing companies with technical advice services

EUROBALISE LABORATORY The laboratory signed technical advice contracts with the company CAF in matters concerning Euro- In 2010, the activities of the Eurobalise Laboratory cabin and Eurobalise and with the company Ansaldo focused on 4 areas: in matters concerning Eurobalise

1. Providing the ADIF with technical support, Research into Euroloop tests 2. Testing equipment, 3. Providing companies with technical advice The LIF is the first independent laboratory to be services equipped for Euroloop tests. The laboratory has al- 4. Research into Euroloop tests ready been contracted to conduct preliminary tests 5. Keeping up quality levels on on-board equipment and Euroloop infrastructure as part of a project financed by the Ministerio de Fo-

120 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figure 9. Eurobalise Laboratory.

Figure 10. Preparing the Eurobalise Labora- tory for Euroloop tests.

mento, in which not only signalling companies are detected by the accrediting body Español ENAC, taking part, but also the end users ADIF and RENFE with respect to conducting comparative tests (CEDEX / RINA) and estimating the measurement Keeping up quality levels errors.

The Eurobalise Laboratory is still accredited to con- duct Eurobalise tests, correcting the deviations

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 121 VALIDATION OF THE RAILWAY INTEROPERABILITY LABORATORY FOR ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROCESS OF PUTTING ERTMS SIGNALLING PROJECTS INTO SERVICE

INTRODUCTION 3. Validation from the benchmark laboratory so that the ADIF and RENFE safety departments can ac- The Laboratorio de Interoperability Ferroviaria (LIF) cept as valid the tests conducted in the laboratory (CEDEX) is regarded as the European Benchmark equipped with project data and with real Eurocabins Laboratory because of the role it has played in connected to the tools. demonstrating the feasibility and in consolidating the European signalling system ERTMS, the keystone of Each of the next sections deals with one of the three Railway Interoperability. This consolidation process aspects before drawing conclusions about the use of brought about by crossover tests on the first indus- the laboratory. trial prototypes in one single laboratory (the LIF) and through commercial operation of the first commer- cial products on a communal line (Madrid – Lérida). 1- TEST ENVIRONMENT

Not only the specifications for certifying general on- 1.1.- Reference tools board ERMTS products but also the reference ar- chitecture for the tools used were defined in this con- The on-board ERTMS equipment is known as Euro- solidation process. Both specifications are included cabin. The architecture for the test bench used in the in Appendix A of the European Railway Interoper- Eurocabin certification processes must be compat- ability Directive, as Subset-076 and Subset-094, re- ible with the Subset-094 Specification. This archi- spectively. tecture can be seen in Figure 1 in its updated version for the future version of the technical specifications The strategy thus defined for certifying general prod- of the system (SRS 3.2.0). ucts can be used to put specific commercial prod- ucts into service. This enhances the verification of In this architecture, the on-board equipment being the interoperability of commercial projects thanks to tested is connected to the tools by means of a set of the utilisation of the same strategy and evaluation adapters for the generation of input-output signals, criteria as those used in the certification process. a set of simulators for the communication channels and a set of test control, recording and evaluation If we ask ourselves what is needed to use general equipment. procedures when putting specific projects into serv- ice, we can focus on three essential aspects: The signal adapters are as follows:

1. The use of reference tools from Subset-094 with TIU (TIU: Train Interface Unit) for exchanging Train/ specific project data about the track that is being put Eurocabin signals, such as those for applying brakes, into service and connection with the Eurocabin that doors, pantograph, etc. This adapter is specified for tests the tools by means of electronic adapters that the whole of Europe where its functional aspect is provide a reliable reproduction of the train’s dynamic concerned (FIS, Functional Interface Specification). performance. ODO for exchanging signals generated by the speed measurement gauges, generally incremental en- 2. Transforming the project data into the format used in coders to which further information can be added in the certification processes described in Subset-076. digital form about position and acceleration.

122 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figure 1. Reference architecture for the certification tools.

CMD (Cold Movement Detector) cold movement de- pects, such as the physical aspects (Form Fit Func- tector that generates a signal if the train is moved tional Specification). when the Eurocabin is switched off TDA (Train Data Acquisition) is an interface for ap- The control, recording and analysis modules are as plying safety that enables the user to load the train follows: data from external equipment. LSG: (Laboratory Scenarios Generator) is a tool that The simulators connected to the on-board equip- generates off-line files using the information con- ment are used to generate the digital signals for the cerning the exchange of messages exchanged be- standardised communications channels, which are: tween the train and the track (message, channel, Kilometre, etc.) on a simulated journey. RCS: Continuous and bi-directional communication LSC (Laboratory Scenarios Controller) is a controller simulator by GSM-R radio, of the laboratory environment that basically distrib- LCS: Semi-continuous communication simulator by utes between the communications channels, the radiant cable or Euroloop messages exchanged between the track and the BCS: Specific communication simulation by Eu- on-board equipment on the basis of the train’s po- robalise and sition: Eurobalise channel if the position is a Level 1 STM: Communications channels inherent to the do- ERTMS area, GSM-R radio channel if the position is mestic systems that there were before the ERTMS a Level 2 area, etc. system was implemented (STM = Specific Transmis- LER (Laboratory Event Recorder) is a recorder that sion Module). stores all the information exchanged between the simulators and the on-board equipment being Communication via all of these channels takes place tested. through physical signals generated by the simulators AET: (Automatic Evaluation tool) is an automatic concerned in compliance with European specifica- analysis tool that analyses the response recorded by tions. These specifications guarantee Train-Track the on-board equipment and compares it with refer- Railway Interoperability covering all the logical as- ence patterns defined for interoperable on-board

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 123 equipment subjected to a specific functional situa- be seen at the top of the graph; the on-board equip- tion. ment must adhere to this by adapting its speed be- fore entering the zone concerned for this “proceed 1.2 Test sequences on sight” mode.

The functional interoperability of a generic on-board ERTMS equipment (equipment not adapted to a spe- 2. TRANSFORMING THE PROJECT DATA cific application) is verified by subjecting it to a series of imaginary journeys in which it is made to pass 2.1. View of the railway signalling system as through all the functional situations contained in a whole the reference technical specification (SRS = System Requirement Specification). These imaginary jour- Figure 4 shows a simplified block diagram of the rail- neys are recognised as test sequences. They have way signalling system; this serves to help one to un- been standardised for the whole of Europe and have derstand how the items of ETCS Subsystems are been incorporated into the European Interoperabil- connected to the signalling system whose safety ity Directive as Subset-76. This Subset currently con- centre is the interlocking (ENCE). sists of 100 test sequences. Once they are loaded into the laboratory scenario controller, they enable Establishing a route and informing the train that au- the user to verify the technical interoperability of a thorisation to move has been given, is basically a 6- generic on-board ERTMS equipment connected to step process: the laboratory. 1. The operator asks for the desired route for the By way of example, Figure 2 shows a segment of Se- train he is controlling to be allocated. This request is quence Num. 15 whose aim is to verify a train en- generally made from the centralised operating post. tering an occupied track (proceed on sight, OS tech- 2. The request is sent to the interlocking (ENCE), nical mode = On Sight). The concatenation of which verifies the status of the track sections on the functional statuses (test cases) can be seen in this route requested (occupied/free/compatible). figure, the purpose of which is to enable the Eu- 3. If the track circuits on the requested section indi- robalise subsystem (BTM = Balise Transmission Mod- cate that the requested sections of track are free, ule) to read a telegram that contains a mode profile and that the route is compatible with other move- with the transition to OS (proceed on sight). In this ments, the interlocking activates the motors that fragment of the sequence, we can see that the train are needed to establish the route by preparing the is beginning its movement and at 100 metres over- points affected for the requested movement. The passes a balise and the on-board BTM module reads track segments that make up the path are blocked and decodes the message emitted by the balise so that they cannot be allocated to other routes. group. 4. When the motors that set the points have com- pleted their movement, the end possition detectors This table, which describes the steps that make up indicate that the points have been set in keeping a sequence, is generated by a tool called TSV, Test with the requested path. The interlocking also se- Sequence Viewer, which is also incorporated into lects the position of the signals in compliance with the interoperability directive. The TSV tool can also the scheduled movement. present the sequence in graph form, as is explained 5. The interlocking informs the centre of operations in Figure 3 for the start of the same Sequence Num. that the requested route has been established and 15. The figure shows, by way of example, how the on- that the track section is closed to other trains and al- board equipment receives the message concerning located to the train under control. The block centre transition to OS mode from a balise group located is informed by radio (RBC = Radio Block Centre) 100 m from the start of the movement. This transi- about the allocation of the requested path if the tion takes place at a deferred distance of 960 m with ERTMS system is working in Application Level 2. respect to this balise group. The order to change to 6. At Application Level 2, the train is informed about OS mode at the authorised speed of 30 Km/H can the authorisation to move via a GSM-R radio mes-

124 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figure 2. Concatenation of test cases in Sequence 15 of Subset-076 (v2.3.1).

Figure 3. Graph depicting the start of Sequence Num. 15 generated by the TSV tool.

sage (GSM Railway Network) from the RBC. At Ap- plication Level 1, the train is informed about the au- thorisation to move via a selection of pre-pro- grammed messages stored in the LEUs (Lineside electronic units that supply the balises they control with the selected messages). This authorisation is sent together with detailed information about the es- sential characteristics of the track sections allo- cated for the authorised movement.

The following is a non-exhaustive list of the basic subsystems that are involved in the protection process:

Figure 4. Basic diagram of a railway signalling system. • RBC, LEUs and Eurobalises. Together with the GSM-R network they are the European ETCS part

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 125 on which the interoperability specifications are project data furnished by the supply companies. In focused, especially with respect to the interfaces view of its special importance, mention must be that are involved in exchanging information be- made of the ERTMS track projects for Cercanías de tween the train and the infrastructure. Madrid (Dimetronic & Thales) and the Madrid–Lev- • ENCE or interlockings. This subsystem consti- ante High-Speed Rail Link (Dimetronic). tutes the core of railway safety and its purpose is to verify the status of the track segments in it As LIF has the on-board equipment belonging to Al- domain (Track circuits), operating the active ele- stom, Bombardier, Dimetronic and Siemens in its ments safely (Points and signalling motors) and laboratories, and this equipment is connected to controlling the signal positions in compliance with the Subset-094 reference tools, and given that the the programmed movements. The communica- LIF also has the signalling project data for Cercanías tions between the interlocking and the RBC and de Madrid and Madrid–Levante, the signalling team the LEUs are essential, but it has not been pos- at the laboratory has drawn up a commercial project sible to include them in European regulations in validation strategy for both track and on-board equip- view of the fact that the current interlockings have ment, usingf the tools and formats of the European been developed using specifications inherent to Railway Interoperability Directive. This makes it pos- each particular country. This makes it extremely sible to improve the track tests and give a greater complicated to certify the RBCs. guarantee for the processes involved in putting com- • COBJ or object controllers. They are responsi- mercial projects into service, thereby facilitating the ble for the interface between the interlocking and integration of commercial track and on-board equip- the track devices (Track circuits, points and sig- ment, guaranteeing their interoperability. nals), providing accurate information about their status and controlling them safely. Using the reference processes when putting com- mercial projects into service begins by transform- The system has operation and maintenance posts, ing the track data provided by the licensee com- as well as recording and global or local analysis pany, into a format that is compatible with the posts for controlling the entire line or for controlling Laboratory Scenarios Controller (LSC) of the refer- the zone covered by an RBC or an interlocking. ence tools.

The set of subsystems involved in this process is The first stage in this process is to have the complete equipped with safety architecture that has standby simulation of the line available in the laboratory. A process units that guarantee the high level of avail- series of data furnished by the manufacturer is re- ability required for the railway signalling system quired before the line can be simulated: safety nucleus. The communications and processing software is developed in compliance with the strict The track and its elements: design standards that are set out in the European regulations, specifically in Specifications EN 50126 When reproducing the track, it is first split into seg- and 50129. The software development process in- ments: Track sections delimited by points, stops or cludes an independent adviser from the very first changes in appurtenance. The track is thus defined stages of the equipment development, and the as a concatenation of segments. process must be completed with a safety dossier; this dossier must be accepted by the client before The following information about each segment is re- putting it into operation. quired: • Track circuits for detecting the train: the kilo- 2.2. Project data metric point where it is, its control dependency, the track where it is installed, etc.: The fact that the companies licensed to carry out • Points: kilometric point, control dependency, ERTMS signalling projects in Spain have put their track, etc. trust in the Railway Interoperability Laboratory (LIF) • Black spots: kilometric point, control depend- (CEDEX), has enabled the LIF to obtain the signalling ency, track, distance…

126 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA • ERTMS Eurobalises: kilometric point, control the data supplied by the manufacturer into the Di- dependency, track, identification code, whether rective’s format, which can not only be read by the it has a signal associated, running direction for laboratory, but which can also generate the scenar- the one that is transmitting the information, if the ios to be tested automatically. The methods used information is fixed or variable, if it is right at the utilised guarantee that the data cannot be manipu- signal, before, relocation, etc. lated, thus ensuring that they are complete and un- • Signals: kilometric point, control dependency, altered. It must be pointed out that this has been pi- track, direction, whether it is Entering, Exiting, Block, oneered by the LIF, because it is the first time that Backward Movement, Shunting, Advanced, ap- the reference tools have been used when putting a pearance it might have, if signals are associated, etc. commercial project into service. • Track conditions (neutral zones, tunnels, viaducts, etc.): kilometric point, control depend- 2.3. Practical case of preparing an operating ency, track, speed limits, etc. scenario with project data • Gradients: kilometric point, length, control de- pendency, track, slope value, etc. By way of example, we present a validation se- • Maximum speeds: kilometric points where they quence for the Madrid–Levante line, in which five are enforced, control dependency, and track. functionalities or test cases that need to be vali- dated are concatenated. These functionalities are as Operating schedule movements table follows:

The movements authorised in the line operating pro- Case 4.4 gram are defined for a segment in the form of groups SR–>OS at a distant location. Transition from tech- of information packets that are stored in Lineside nical mode Staff Responsible (SR) to technical mode Electronic Units (LEU) that supply the balises con- Proceed on Sight (OS) without recognition before nected to them. Selecting a movement from the table entering the OS area. means selecting the position of the signal and the Eu- robalise telegram that describes the segment involved Case 6.4 in this movement. This information is stored in a file Loss of a balise from a group marked as linked not that the company provides CEDEX with. The file con- included in the link information. cerned contains an enormous amount of informa- tion that includes all the line movements. Every move- Case 10.3 ment contains such data as the movement identifier, Checking DMI: show Maximum speed. source and destination signals, position of the signals, identifier of the group of associated balises, switching Case 4.16 involved, ERTMS telegrams for the movement, etc. Overpassing a signal in the stop position, autho- rised in OS mode. The‘ERTMS Telegrams’ Case 4.26 The company delivers all the ERTMS telegrams pro- Management of Temporary Speed Limits (LTVs) in SR grammed on the line. Every balise telegram is a text mode. file (.txt) with a specific name depending on whether they are fixed balises or switchable balises. We are not going to analyse each one of the func- tionalities that are tested, because the purpose of All this information and a series of tools developed the example is merely to show the construction of a by the LIF, serve to provide a complete description of laboratory scenario with project data. a line in the laboratory with the project data fur- nished by the manufacturer. Figure 5 shows Pozorrubielos Station, selected for passing the sequence in the laboratory, indicating The LIF has developed a series of tools of para- the points in this segment where each one of the mount importance that enable the user to transfer scenario functionalities is validated.

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 127 The Excel spreadsheet to which the project data table for that segment of the track, as can be seen have been transferred with the format used by the in Figure 6. reference tools can be seen at the bottom of Figure 5. The tool developed by the LIF and called GAE (Au- Figure 7 shows a graph of the analysis of the Pozor- tomatic Scenario Generator) works on this sheet. rubielos scenario run in the laboratory. This analysis The Excel sheet at the top of the table shows how was carried out with the aid of the TJDExplorer tool, Segments 2, 3, 7 and 11 of the line that form part which was also developed by the LIF. The graph of the route have been concatenated: with a view to shows the following: the maximum speeds for the line this, the position of points D2, D4, D8, D12, D11 and (in blue), the speeds permitted as calculated by the D7 are in the switched position (-) and points D3 are on-board equipment (in yellow) to comply with the line in the straight position (+). As the station is entered speed profile and, finally, the actual train speed (vi- in proceed on sight (OS) mode, the signal at the end olet), invariably below the maximum speed permitted. of Segment 2, entry signal E2 must be in OS mode and the exit signal associated with Segment 7, S2/3, must be in the stop position. 3. LABORATORY VALIDATION: COMPARING TRACK AND LABORATORY RECORDS Once the route and the running modes have been se- lected, the telegrams that the LEUs must send to the A decision was taken to conduct several comparative balises are established in the way shown at the bot- studies involving the track and laboratory records in tom of the table: Proceed On Sight. Movement 328 order to validate the laboratory, so that the labora- on the authorised movements table. tory tests conducted in that laboratory were ac- cepted by the ADIF and RENFE Safety Departments; All that is needed to complete the information is to this was done using the same version of the project add the gradient profile and the maximum speed data on the track and in the laboratory, and the

Figure 5. Selecting a segment on the line as an example scena- rio. Locating the test cases. Creating the operating scenario for the laboratory

Test case involved Signal position

128 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figure 6. Gradient profile and speed pro- file for the scenario segment.

GRADIENT PROFILE SPEED PROFILE

Figure 7. Analysis of the recordings from the Pozorrubielos sce- nario using the TJDEx- plorer tool.

same version of the on-board ERTMS equipment position. The train goes past this signal without au- that was on the train and that which was connected thorisation, and proceeds along the route estab- to the laboratory tools. By way of example, we are lished beforehand. It is important for the control presenting one of the scenarios tested on the post to confirm that in this situation the next signal Madrid–Levante Line. (E2 VRU) Shows the aspect of unoccupied track.

3.1 Defining the validation scenario 1. Departure from signal S2/2 VLD towards Signal 714. S 714 in stop position: One of the segments chosen for the laboratory vali- dation tests was the segment between Valdemoro and Running in FS (Full Supervision). The train is being Tarancón Stations on the Madrid–Levante Line. The on- fully supervised by the on-board ERTMS equipment) board equipment was the EBICAB 200 equipment by following the braking curve and reaching Signal 714, Bombardier installed in the Series S-130 trains. the signal is overpassed without authorisation at the programmed release speed (VL= 30 km/h). The The test scenario is a specific scenario for the analy- train will pass in TR mode (TRIP mode), the on-board sis of track-laboratory comparison. The route be- ERTMS equipment applies the brake on passing the tween Valdemoro and Tarancón is an ERTMS route signal and stops the train. on Track 2 from signal S2/2 VLD to S 962, passing onto Track 3 in Villarubia and returning to Track 1. 2. From Signal 714 to Signal E2 VRU See Figure 8, which shows a diagram of the route de- fined for the laboratory validation tests. As soon as the train has come to a halt, an autho- rised passing takes place in SR mode (Staff Re- Once the route has been established, Signal 714 is sponsible, mode under the driver’s responsibility) regulated so that it can receive the train in the stop and the train runs until it reaches E2 VRU, where it

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 129 is in FS mode (Full Supervision), on receiving the in- Functionally, from the perspective of the functional- formation from the balise group located at the foot ity of the on-board ERTMS equipment, the test con- of the signal, which provide the information needed sist of the following: to re-establish full supervision of the train. • The train begins on SB (Stand By) and moves The train runs in FS mode as far as Signal S2/3 VRU to SR (Staff Responsible) after the mission has and from there to Signal E1 VRU. The train is stopped started. On passing through the balise group BG= clearing the departure signal E1 VRU and a cabin 5124 it changes to FS (Full Supervision). change takes place. • It runs in FS mode as far as balise group BG= 5420 associated with signal S 714, which is in The test is conducted approximately between Km. stop position. The approach is made following the 42,500 and Km. 86,500. It is the first balise group braking curve calculated by the on-board ERTMS that reads the BG= 5124 for Signal S2/2 VLD and equipment. the last one that reads the BG= 5547 associated • Once the Release Speed Supervision Zone is with Signal E1 VRU. entered, the stop signal is passed moving on to TR mode (Trip, applying emergency brake). Once the track project data for that segment has • The train brakes following the emergency brak- been transferred to an Excel sheet, with the aid of ing curve until it stops. When stopped, and once the Automatic Scenario Generator (The LIF’s GAE the transition to TR mode has been recognised, tool), the validation route is constructed in a similar the EVC changes to PT mode (Post Trip, brake re- way to the one in which it was presented in the ex- lease). ample from the preceding section: segments are • After selecting Start, a move is made to SR concatenated indicating the position of the devia- (Staff Responsible) and it runs in this mode un- tions, the position of the signals is defined and the til it reads balise group BG= 5522 associated with telegrams are identified for the Eurobalises that cor- Signal E2 VRU, where a change is made to FS (Full respond to the positions of the signals: Supervision).

Figure 8. Route for the laboratory validation tests on the Madrid–Levante line between Valdemoro and Tarancón Stations.

130 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Comparing the records on the Driver – Machine In- terface (DMI)

When comparing the images shown on the driving display, the following five aspects were compared: 1. Data entry, checking that the information is the same. 2. The approach to the Signal S 714 braking curve, checking that at one particular point, the icons for the track conditions, gradients and the braking in- dication curve for the End of Authority (EoA) are the same. 3. Entering the braking curve to Signal S714, check- ing that the point at which it enters with respect to the EoA and the permitted speed, is the same. 4. Entering the Release Speed Supervision Zone, checking when it enters to supervise this speed and what the permitted speed at this point is. Figure 9. Defining the Route for the validation tests with the aid 5. Transition to FS mode at Signal E2 VRU, checking of the GAE tool. that the permitted speed and the target speeds are the same. • The following route is followed in VRU: from Track 2 to Track 1, from Track 1 to Track 3, and In view of their importance to the protection func- from Track 3 it returns to Track 1 until Signal E1 tions, Figure 11 shows the comparative images of VRU is released, stopping the train at that mo- the braking curves for the approach to Signal S-714, ment. in order to illustrate these comparisons.

3.2 Comparison between the track records and Comparison of records in the Juridical Recording the laboratory records Unit (JRU)

In the comparative analysis between the records The following messages recorded during the tests obtained on the track and in the laboratory, a com- are analysed: parison was made between the records of the im- 02 Data Entry Completed ages shown on the Driver – Machine Interface (DMI) 03 Emergency Brake State and the records that the on-board equipment made 04 Service Brake State in the Juridical Recording Unit (JRU). This device 06 Message from Balise plays the role of the train’s black box. 11 Driver Action 18 Start Displaying Plain Text Message 19 Stop Displaying Plain Text Message

Figure 10. Route for the validation tests: functional diagram.

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 131 Figure 11. Comparative Track Record Laboratory Record study of the images on the DMI: Entering bra- Entering the braking curve to Signal S714; At the point calculated by the EVC, it enters the braking king curve. curve to approach the EoA; The equipment enters the braking curve at the permitted speed of 210 Km/h in both cases; the distance to the EoA is approximately 4 Km.

20 Most Restrictive Speed Profile I) D_LRBG Variable 21 Target Speed 22 Target Distance Target of the variable 23 Release Speed 27 Permitted Speed The D_LRBG variable is recorded in the heading for all the JRU messages. The distance covered by the The study carried out is based upon the calculations train from one LRBG balise group to the next one, is made by the on-board ERTMS equipment or European stored in this variable. Vital Computer (EVC), extracted from the JRU records. Figure 12 shows a graph of the D_LRBG variable The JRU records are displayed with a tool developed recorded in the JRU in the track test and in the lab- by CEDEX, TJDExplorer ‘Train Juridical Data Explorer’. oratory test compared to the distance x(i) covered. A This tool can generate Excel files with the messages detailed analysis reveals that the distances D_LRBG stored, which enables the user to compare them calculated by the EVC on the track test and the dis- and portray them on graphs. tances calculated in the laboratory test are almost the same, so the similarity between the track and At the start of the test, the distance stored on the laboratory is very good. track (D_LRBG) takes the ‘Unknown’ value, whereas in the laboratory the train is located from the outset II) L_DOUBTOVER and L_DOUBTUNDER Variables and this variable takes a specific value. This means that for the track records, everything that concerns The L_DOUBTOVER y L_DOUBTUNDER variables the Start of Mission has no reference in distance and are recorded in the headings of all the JRU mes- it is necessary to wait until the first balise group is sages. The difference between the confidence in- passed to be able to locate the train. terval limits (upper and lower) and the estimated value for the D_LRBG variable are stored in them. During the analysis, what were generally compared They give the user an idea of the accuracy with were the values of the variables involved in the com- which the train knows its position with respect to parison, the relative distances (D_LRBG; Distance cov- the most recent balise group referenced and con- ered by the train with respect to the most recent balise stitute a vital piece of information for protecting the group referenced) and the circumstances in which the train. different JRU messages were recorded.

132 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA Figures 13 and 14 show a graph of the passing the NID_BG: 5202, 5310, 5410 and 5510 L_DOUBTOVER and L_DOUBTUNDER variables groups. recorded in the track test JRU and the laboratory test JRU: It has been checked that: 1. The message is recorded in the same circum- It can be seen in the graph of the L_DOUBTOVER stances, at the start of mission and on passing the variable that there is a good approximation between balise groups that send message 42. the track and laboratory graphs, the values for the 2. The train data are the same for both tests (it has laboratory and the track being very close. been checked that that the value of the Vari- able_Value column variable is the same). Where the L_DOUBTUNDER variable is concerned, 3. The theoretical distance at which the train is the graphs are very close except for one peak, where when the message is recorded is the same or very there is considerable diversion. This peak has been similar. studied and it can be seen that the divergence ap- pears repeatedly in all the laboratory tests that were After the analysis, it was concluded that the data conducted for checking purposes. There is a cir- stored were the same in both records. The mes- cumstance in the laboratory test that causes this sages were recorded in the JRU in the same cir- odometry error in the EVC. cumstances, at the start of mission and on passing balises with Packet 42 and that they were stored If the odometry values are analysed in detail, it can be very close to each other. seen that the value of the margins of error is generally greater for the track test. It is a result that was only to IV) Applying the emergency brake be expected, because there are perturbations on the line that cannot be reproduced in the laboratory, such This message stores the emergency brake applica- as the curvature, the slipping or the errors that are tion and release. made when the EVC compares the odometry for the different detectors that it has available. In the scenario, the emergency brake was applied on passing to TRIP mode when overpassing Signal S III) Data Entry completed 714 on red (NID_BG= 5420). The release is recorded on transition to POST TRIP mode. (See the descrip- The on-board ERTMS equipment (EVC) records this tion of the validation scenario in Section 3.1). message in the Juridical Recording Unit at the start of mission and on passing balise groups that contain It has been checked that: Packet 42 (Session Management). These circum- 1. The emergency brake is applied and released in stances occur in the test at the beginning and when both tests in the same circumstances (on going

Figure 12. Comparative study of the values for the D_LRBG variable, as recorded on the track and in the laboratory.

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 133 Figure 13. Comparative study of the values of the L_DOUBOVER variable recorded on the track and in the laboratory.

Figure 14. Comparative study of the values of the L_DOUBUNDER variable recorded on the track and in the laboratory.

past balise group NID_BG= 5420, after the change It has been checked that: to TR mode). 1. The service brake is applied and released in 2. The theoretical distance at which the event oc- both tests in the same circumstances (on passing cur is the same or very close in the two tests. balise group NID_BG= 5420, after transition to TR mode). After the analysis, it was concluded that the emer- 2. The distance at which the events occur is iden- gency brake is applied or released took place in the tical or very close in the two records. same situations and at very similar distances. After the analysis it was concluded that the service V) Applying the service brake brake was applied and released in the same situa- tions and at distances that were very close. This message stores the applying and releasing of the service brake. VI) Driver actions

In the test conducted, the recording of the service This message contains the driver’s actions on the brake occurs at the same time as the transition to TR DMI. mode on passing Signal S 714 when it is red (NID_BG= 5420). The release is recorded with the The driver can take a variety of actions on the DMI, transition to POST TRIP mode. (See the description which range from the recognition of a transition to TR of the validation scenario in Section 3.1). mode, which is mandatory, to requesting the per-

134 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA mitted speed in SR mode or the geographical posi- It is observed in the analysis that at the start of Mis- tion, which are voluntary actions. sion the text messages are different in the records. It has been seen that this is due to the STM module This document only analyses the mandatory actions that is connected to the track EVC. This module that for the test conducted concern the following se- shows a series of messages that are stored and lections: start of mission, recognition of SR mode at that are not shown in the laboratory. They cause the start of mission, recognition of TR mode after the start of mission to vary slightly. passing Signal S714 when red and recognition of SR mode to start running after TR mode. VIII) Calculating the most restrictive speed profile

It has been checked that: This message stores in the Juridical Recording Unit 1. The driver’s recorded actions are the same (the (JRU), the Most Restrictive Speed Profile, as calcu- mandatory actions). lated by the on-board ERTMS equipment (EVC). 2. The circumstances in which they were recorded are the same (for the test, selection of the data en- The Most Restrictive Speed Profile is a calculation try at the start of mission must be recorded, as well made by the EVC using the track information that it as recognition of the train data at the start of mis- receives, (i.e. the Static Speed Profile (SSP), maxi- sion, the selection of ‘Start’ at the start of mission, mum line speed (V_MAIN), temporary speed restric- recognition of SR at the start of mission, recogni- tions (LTV)) and the maximum train speed (in this tion of TR mode after passing Signal S714 and case 250km/h)). recognition of SR mode after this TR). 3. The distance at which the driver’s actions are A recording is made every time there is a change in recorded must be the same or very close. the Most Restrictive Speed Profile (MRSP). In the test, recording must take place after the mode tran- It is observed in the analysis that at the start of Mis- sitions (SBà SR, SRà FS, FS à TR, PT à SR, SR à FS) sion the driver’s actions in the records are not the and in the changes of target speed due to the VRU same. It has been detected that this is due to the diversions (Villarubia). STM module that the track EVC has connected. This module requires a series of actions on the track It has been checked that: that are not necessary in the laboratory, which make 1. The MRSP is recorded in the same circum- the start of mission vary slightly. stances, after the change in mode that involve a change in the MRSP, SB –> SR, SR –> FS, FS –> TR, VII) Appearance and deletion of text on the DMI PT –> SR, SR –> FS) and in the VRU diversions. 2. The MRSP calculation is the same, i.e., the These messages store the Text Messages shown to V_MRSP variable is identical. the driver on the DMI. For this EVC, this means all the 3. The distances at which the changes in the internal messages shown on the DMI, such as the MRSP are recorded are identical or very close. ones at the start of mission (‘Brake Test’) and the ones sent by the track indicating, for example, the After the analysis it was concluded that the MRSP track conditions. calculated by the EVC was the same in both records and that the distances for which they were recorded It has been checked that: were very close. There is a difference in the final 1. The text messages recorded are the same. record. On completion of the laboratory test in FS, 2. The circumstances in which they were recorded the MRSP= 0 message was not recorded after chang- are identical (for the test, the following must be ing to SB. recorded: the start of mission messages, the track conditions and the mode recognition mes- IX) Target Speed sages). 3. The distance at which the text messages are This message stores the target speeds in the Juridi- recorded must be the same or very close. cal Recording Unit (JRU).

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 135 This happens when the target speed changes. Dur- of the Movement Authorisation is close, very near to ing the test, it is recorded in the VRU diversions (al- balise group NID_BG= 5420) at the foot of Signal S- though three track changes are made and so one tar- 714 (See the description of the validation scenario get speed should be established for each diversion, in Section 3.1). the EVC only calculates one target speed, the one for the most restrictive diversion. The distance means It has been checked that: that it is not possible to have three speeds). 1. The message was recorded in the same cir- cumstances, when the Release Speed Supervi- It has been checked that: sion Zone is entered (in the test, when the end of 1. The message is recorded in the same circum- the Movement Authorisation is close, near Signal stances S 714, NID_BG= 5420) 2. The target speed calculated by the EVC is the 2. The release speed is the same. same 3. The distance D_LRBG at which the message is 3. The distances at which the target speeds are recorded is the same or very close (with respect to recorded are identical or very close. the same NID_LRBG).

After the analysis, it can be concluded that the tar- After the analysis, it was observed that the recording get speed calculated by the EVC is the same in both for the two tests took place at practically the same records, and the distances at which they were point, around 343 m. from Group BG= 5418. It was recorded were very close. concluded that the Release Speed Supervision Zone and the point of entry to it, were the same for both X) Target Distance tests.

This message stores the target distance in the Ju- XII) Calculating the permitted speed ridical Recording Unit (JRU). The on-board ERTMS equipment stores this mes- It is stored when the target distance calculated by sage in the Juridical Recording Unit when the per- the EVC changes. During the test, it is recorded re- mitted speed calculated by the ERTMS changes. It is peatedly, on passing balise groups and cyclically be- recorded cyclically when this speed varies. tween balise groups. A check is made to see if the permitted speed cal- It has been checked that the distance D_LoA (Dis- culated by the EVC for the distance covered is iden- tance to the Authority limit) calculated by the EVC is tical or similar. After the analysis, it could be seen identical or very close in the two records. that this speed was very close in the two tests.

After the analysis it was concluded that the target XIII) Balise Messages distance calculated by the EVC in the two tests was very close. This message stores the information received from the balises. Recording takes place every time the XI) Release Speed EVC reads a balise.

This message stores the release speed applied at It has been checked that the messages sent on the the end of a Movement Authorisation to go past a track are the same as the ones sent in the labora- signal that is in the stop position (in this case it is a tory. speed given by the track in balise group NID_BG= 5124). After the analysis, it was checked that the telegrams were identical. It is a message that is stored when the EVC enters the Release Speed Supervision Zone, this zone be- ing calculated by the EVC (in the test, when the end

136 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA 4. OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE USE OF THE NOTE 1: it must be remembered that the braking dis- LABORATORY tance is not required in many test case in which the on-board equipment does participate. It is important to make notes about the laboratory that are fruit of the experience gained when using it: NOTE 2: it must also be remembered that when re- The laboratory does have certain difficulties when it ferring to braking distance, we mean the distance comes to reproducing situations that occur on the that the train covers from the moment the brakes are track at high speed. When a train is running at applied. It has nothing to do with the calculations 300km/h, two balise groups that are less than 30 made by the on-board ETCS equipment for the brak- m. apart cannot be sent if the second balise group ing curves that depend only upon the information re- contains more balises than the first one (e.g.: 1 ➱ 2 ceived by the track and upon the internal parame- or 1 ➱ 3 or 2 ➱ 3). tering of the brakes in the Eurocabin.

This limitation only applies to the gap between Finally, the laboratory is not currently prepared for groups of balises, not to the gap between balises in the dynamic LTV tests. We say that it is not pre- the same group, which can have values of up to 2.2 pared, because in this case the telegrams are not m. without any problems. constructed in advance. What happens is that the ex- act design for Packets 65 and 66 (TSR and TSR rev- It must be pointed out that the gap between balises ocation) and the balises that will send them are de- in one single group must be the same throughout the cided dynamically. However, it must be stressed that scenario. At present, it is not possible to define dif- with the aid of the company and for certain defined ferent distances between balises in the same group scenarios (with TSRs perfectly positioned) it is pos- (i.e., the first balise cannot be at 4 m. and the sec- sible to “set up” the scenario in the laboratory and ond at 5 m.). The distance between balises in one execute it without problems. That is to say, if the aim single group must be the same throughout the entire of supplementary tests is not to evaluate the per- scenario. formance of the management system for the dy- namic LTVs but rather to create a limited number of Another “peculiarity” where the laboratory is con- scenarios with LTVs defined to verify their effect on cerned, is the train simulation. In a scenario where the on-board equipment, it is possible to execute the on-board ETCS equipment intervenes (traction those scenarios in the laboratory, as long as the cut-off, service or emergency braking), the train supplier’s collaboration can be counted on. movement simulation module takes the action into account and reduces the speed in accordance with Other features of the current laboratory configuration a programmed model. This dynamic model of the are: train, albeit reasonable, is not the train itself. In 1. It is limited only to Level 1. The same strategy is fact, the performance of the actual train is not the currently being developed for Level 2 same at all times. That is why the actual braking 2. It does not include national systems (ASFA, LZB, tests usually have a statistical basis, rather than EBICAB, etc.) being precise tests, whose result is highly unlikely to 3. The choice of balise telegrams in the creation of be given again. In this sense, estimating the braking scenarios is not free. It has to comply with the distance in the laboratory must be regarded as just movements table supplied by the manufacturer. that, merely an estimation, which with a suitable The movements table associates the position of the dynamic model (fed back with actual braking dis- signals and the position of the points with the iden- tance data, for example) can be more realistic. How- tifiers for the balise and telegrams used for that ever, it is still no more than an estimation. movement. In some cases further conditions are in- cluded for the selection of telegrams, such as the Therefore, from the laboratory it is insisted that position of LZB signals or route to the changer, etc. the tests where the aim is to evaluate the bra- 4. In no case is the information supplied by the king distances must always be repeated on the manufacturer (telegrams, position of balises or track. signals, etc.) altered or modified.

LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA / 137 5. CONCLUSIONS 6. REFERENCES

The train-track integration that is carried out with the System Requirements Specification: SUBSET-026 supplementary tests always requires track tests to Issue 2.3.0 “d” be conducted to verify the field data and to check Functional Requirements for an on board Reference that the dynamic braking processes, the transitions Test Facility: SUBSET-094, issue 2.0.2 between levels of application, temporary speed lim- Test Sequences: Subset-076-6-3-001_v230 its, etc. are correct. FFFIS Juridical Recorder-Downloading tool: SUBSET- 027, issue 2.3.0 Using the laboratory with track project data and ac- Performance Requirements for Interoperability: SUB- tual on-board equipment connected to the tools is ex- SET-041, issue 2.1.0 tremely useful for relieving the field tests, especially Dimensioning and Engineering rules: SUBSET-040, when the aim is to put ERTMS systems into service issue 2.3.0 in facilities that are already operating commercially. UNISIG Basics for Interoperability Test Scenario Specifications: SUBSET-112, issue 1.0.3 Constructing the scenarios with the manufacturer’s data on the basis of the definition of general test JR_DECS: Juridical Recording Data Extraction, Check cases and the specific movements table for the proj- and Storage: User handbook, CEDEX May 2009 ect amounts to: CEDEX: TJDExplorer: Train Juridical Data Explorer: • A high degree of similarity with the field tests. User Handbook, CEDEX May 2010 • A controlled testing environment that is more ITG-CER001: Uso del laboratorio para el proyecto technically efficient and economical cercanías, CEDEX July 2009 • Using the same tools and formats as those NT-Intercomparación LAB-VÍA: Informe intercom- used in the certification processes makes the paración laboratorio-vía, CEDEX May 2011 analysis of the results more reliable • Enable the users make an off-line verification of the project in order to ensure that the engi- neering rules established by the ADIF are fulfilled

It must be stressed that the laboratory is not used as a replacement for the track tests. In a scenario where the on-board ETCS equipment is involved (traction cut-off, service or emergency braking), the train movement simulation module takes the action into account and reduces the speed in accordance with a programmed model. This dynamic model of the train, albeit reasonable, is not the train itself. In this sense, estimating the braking distance in the laboratory must be regarded as just that, merely an estimation, which with a suitable dynamic model (fed back with actual braking distance data, for ex- ample) can be more realistic. However, it is still no more than an estimation. Therefore, the tests where the aim is to evaluate braking distances must always be repeated on the track.

138 / LABORATORIO DE INTEROPERABILIDAD FERROVIARIA

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO n 2010, the Centro de Estudios Históricos de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo (CEHOPU) carried on Iwith its Management Order tasks, which consist of researching, studying and disseminating the his- tory of public works engineering, techniques and con- struction.

As part of the programme of the newly-created ex- hibitions, the one entitled The Origins of Reinforced Concrete in Spain was presented to the general pub- lic at the beginning of 2010 in the Sala Zuazo de las Arquerías de Nuevos Ministerios (28th January to 25th April). It forms part of a series of monographic exhibitions whose purpose is to make the general public aware of structural concrete technology, to Figure 1. View of the exhibition Bridges, in the Sala de la Galería use the current term, and how this well-rated mate- Berlaymont. Brussels. rial par excellence in the 20th Century has been used. The exhibition shows how reinforced concrete derlying the selection of the Spanish bridges that is now commonplace in the landscape thanks to were exhibited on this occasion. In view of this, the the works and figures most representative of the exhibition featured works ranging from the magnifi- construction scenario of the period concerned. It is cent Roman masonry bridges, to the medieval Dia- illustrated with photography from the period, plans, blo Bridge and the Renaissance Almaraz Bridge, books, journals and scale models. whose 38-metre span arch was the longest to be constructed in Europe until the advent of the Indus- On 27th October, the exhibition “Bridges” opened at trial Revolution, when iron was used. In the 20th the European Commission’s Berlaymont Gallery, in Century, the use of different modes of concrete con- Brussels, organised by the three most recent holders struction, i.e. reinforced, pre-stressed and post- of the European Presidency, Spain, Belgium and stressed, enabled bridge engineering to display Hungary, with the participation of CEDEX through CE- greater technical achievements. HOPU. Different structural types of bridges with a se- ries of specific design rules were defined on the ba- The CEHOPU’s travelling exhibitions are well worth a sis of the materials used to construct them -timber, separate chapter. The exhibition Artifex. Roman En- stone, iron or concrete-. This was the main idea un- gineering in Spain opened simultaneously at two centres: the Museo Arqueológico de Cacabelos Exhibition Artifex. Roman Engineering in Spain in the Museo de Prehistoria de Valencia. (MARCA), where the following areas were on display:

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO / 141 Figure 2. Exhibition Artifex. Roman Engineering in Spain in the Museo de Prehistoria de Valencia.

Construction: Materials and Machinery and Com- Museo de Almería, and ran until 15th August in that munications: Roads and Bridges; and the Museo de city in Andalucía. Bembibre (Casa de las Culturas), where the remain- der, Cities and their Equipment, Mining and Metal- As far as the area of publications was concerned, the lurgy and Techniques and Industrial Arts were on following works were published: Carlos Fernández show. The exhibition ran from 23rd June to 29th Au- Casado in Images. The Vertigo of Bridges. In the col- gust 2010. It was later shown in Valencia, Museu de lection Documents for the History of Engineering, Prehistòria de Valencia, from 14th December 2010 Pelayo Clairac General Dictionary of Architecture until 6th March 2011. and Engineering was published, and as a Research Work, The Restoration of the Jardín de Winthuysen Another exhibition which continued its sojourn at the former Escuela de Caminos, Cerrillo de San around Spain was Spain in the Mediterranean: the Blas became available. As the title indicates, the lat- Construction of Space. It opened on 18th May at the ter publication deals with the restoration of this his- toric garden, through the texts provided by a variety of specialists who took part in the project. It was an initiative promoted by CEDEX with the collaboration of the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. The garden was opened to the public in September 2009, so the city recovered an emblematic location in the well- known “Colina de las Ciencias”.

As far as the CEHOPU Library was concerned, its col- lection was increased and now contains 8,850 monographs, plus the 150 titles of specialist jour- nals, as a result of purchasing, exchanging and do- nations. Some of the most outstanding works be- longed to the private library of the engineer Rafael Couchoud Sebastiá. Further progress was also Figure 3. View of the exhibition Spain in the Mediterranean. The made on the task of digitising the historical docu- Construction of Space in the Museo de Almería. mentation. No less than 250 reference works are

142 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO Figure 4. Cover of the CEHOPU Research Journal, Num. 7. The Figure 5. .- Website showing the collection of books in the Digital Restoration of the Jardín de Winthuysen at the former Escuela de Library. Caminos, Cerrillo de San Blas. Madrid, Ministerio de Fomento, CEDEX-CEHOPU, 2010.

Figure 6. Archivo Torroja facilities. Figure 7. Documents belonging to the Archivo Torroja. now available at Biblioteca Digital 250, at the CE- available to researchers on the Internet. Furthermore, HOPU website. from the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, an appli- cation has been devised that serves to manage the CEHOPU, following its remit, and as part of its activi- archive and to publish it on-line, in the same way as ties that include conserving, studying and dissemi- has been done with the Carlos Fernández Casado nating the literary heritage of public works, now has Archive. Along the same lines, further progress was the project archives of the eminent engineer Eduardo made with organising and classifying the Carlos Fer- Torroja y Miret at its Document Centre. The cataloguing nández Casado Archive, this time going more deeply being carried out will enable the CEHOPU to have into material of a different nature, such as correspon- classified archives of Torroja’s works that will be dence, manuscripts, originals, etc.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO / 143 REINFORCED CONCRETE EXHIBITION IN SPAIN. 1893-1936

he exhibition Reinforced Concrete in Spain. photographs of reinforced-concrete works that are 1893-1936 was opened to the general public still standing and that date back to the period covered T on 28th January 2010 in the Sala Zuazo de las by the exhibition; the photos were taken especially Arquerías de Nuevos Ministerios and ran until 25th for the work by two renowned photographers, Luis April. Vioque and Charlie Peel, who offer present-day in- sight into the constructions of those years. The exhibition, which was produced by the CEHOPU and commissioned by Pedro Feduchi and Amaya The exhibition is divided into 3 areas, which combine Sáenz, focuses on the advent and the early develop- chronological and thematic criteria. ment of reinforced-concrete construction in Spain. The material was invented in France midway through the The first of the areas, entitled The Material and its 19th Century and became the mainstay of construc- History, is introductory in nature, and gives viewers tion in the 20th Century. The history of concrete in certain basic notions about reinforced concrete that Spain, is illustrated by presenting the viewer with the will bring them into contact with this material and the most representative events, works and figures on the construction techniques involved; it provides a con- construction scene during the reign of Alfonso XIII text for narrating the background to its implemen- and the 2nd Republic. tation and development in Spain.

Instead of publishing a catalogue, as is customary in This first area is, in turn, split into 4 sections or the- such situations, two books were issued to accom- matic blocks, which analyse in the following order: pany the exhibition. One of these was a doctoral the composition and characteristics of the material; thesis on The Origins of Reinforced Concrete in its background from the perspective of the history of Spain, which was signed by one of the members of construction; the process of its emergence in Europe the exhibition’s scientific committee, Professor An- towards the end of the 18th Century and throughout tonio Burgos Núñez of the Universidad de Granada, the 19th Century, which culminated in the first whose contents render an in-depth account on the patents taken out on reinforced concrete; and fi- subject. Furthermore, the other volume is entitled nally, it deals with the two main French patents – HA!, The Image of Reinforced Concrete, a book of those of Joseph Monier and François Hennebique-,

Figure 1. Introductory Panel- Booklet for the exhibition with the distribution into areas.

144 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO Figure 2. Area / Circle 1. both of which had a major impact in Europe, and es- picting these traditional construction processes and pecially in Spain, because they were the ones that uses and by samples of materials. led to the material first being used in our country. The third cylinder took the form of a chronological se- In the Sala Zuazo, this introductory area was organ- quence with different exhibits, the aim of which was ised into 4 large cylindrical zones, devoted to each to account for the emergence of reinforced concrete one of the sections in a succinct yet adequate way. in the 19th Century, as The merging and blending of The first cylinder was given over to explaining What several breakthroughs. It shows the progress –both Reinforced Concrete Is. It recreates the manufac- theoretical and practical- that, fruit of experimenta- ture of a concrete pillar in order to show the physi- tion and the improved techniques applied by engineers, cal characteristics of its components –cement, wa- industrialists and manufacturers in their respective ter and aggregates– and to bring to light the fields, led to the recovery of concrete construction in improvements that this artificial stone -mouldable Europe and the take-off of the cement industry and thanks to the use of formwork, already used by the the consolidation of Portland. Finally, a review is Romans-, undergoes when it is strengthened with given of the different landmarks in the association iron bars and becomes reinforced concrete. The ex- between concrete and steel –the boom-material of planation is accompanied by 2 audiovisuals, filmed es- the 19th Century–, which gave rise to the first rein- pecially for the exhibition with a view to demonstrating forced concrete patents. how concrete reacts when subjected to compres- sive and tensile stress, and a selection of concrete- As has already been pointed out, the final introduc- and steel-testing machines from the Laboratorio tory section focused upon Monier and Hennebique’s Central de Estructuras y Materiales (CEDEX), which Patents, which were illustrated through two maque- enable the visitor to gain insight into the types of ex- ttes, and showed the specifics of the methods of perimentation associated with manufacturing the both Frenchmen, not merely where construction was material. concerned, but also from an organisational perspec- tive, these men registered their patents in Spain at The second section, entitled Concrete before Rein- the end of the 19th Century. The explanation is ac- forcement, reviews background of the material in the companied not only by original materials from the history of construction, referring to the use of shut- two French companies, but also by documents from tering or moulds, used in the manufacture of bricks the Monier Archives, brought from France specifically or walls, early binding materials such as lime or ce- for the purpose. ment, or reinforcements such as bars, clamps or metal chains, which were used for a long time as a The second area, which lends its name to the exhi- means for ensuring that the constructions remained bition itself, Reinforced Concrete in Spain (1893- sound and cohesive. From an exhibition viewpoint, 1936), chronologically relates the history of rein- the explanation is accompanied by illustrations de- forced concrete in our country, from its arrival to its

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO / 145 Figure 3. Area 2. implementation and development, from the moment which construction with the new material was not yet the first French patents arrived until the Spanish regulated, either technically or legally, in spite of Civil War, focusing on the protagonists (engineers, ar- which it was adopted by a large number of engi- chitects, constructors and companies) and on the neers and architects, some of the most outstanding major works built during that period. ones being José Eugenio Ribera or Juan Manuel de Zafra, and many companies, such as Construcciones After the introductory section, from an exhibition y Pavimentos or Compañía del Hormigón Armado de viewpoint the chronological narrative made the most Sestao. of the linear nature of the Sala Zuazo and was also structured into 4 sections, each one approximately The third block concentrated on how the new construc- coinciding with decades, which are consistent with tion technique consolidated itself in Spain during the the 4 phases in the process described. second decade of the century, when its use be- came widespread among engineers, architects and The first block, entitled Importing and Initial Contact companies in the construction sector. Entitled From (1893-1902) showed how the reinforced concrete Academic Implementation to Widespread Use (1911- technique reached Spain via the French patents 1922), this section stresses the importance of the (1884) of Monier and Hennebique (1892), together engineer Juan Manuel de Zafra’s theoretical formu- with the first works to be built using the new mate- lation of the material. He included it on the syllabus rial, beginning with the Depósito de Puigverd (Lérida, at the College of Civil Engineers, so it was no longer 1893), constructed with Monier’s system by the mili- regarded as a quasi-industrial product subject to tary engineer Francisco Macià, –later to become the the pursuit of patents, becoming a fully-fledged first President of the Catalan Generalitat–, which is construction technique in its own right. generally considered to be Spain’s first reinforced concrete work. The major impression left by Hen- The fourth block in this area was developed on the nebique’s company in those years is also shown. He basis of these foundations, and was devoted to influenced Spanish engineers because his activi- demonstrating what the material has achieved in the ties left their mark throughout the different regions hands of what has come to be known as The Mod- of the country. ern Generation (1923-1936), which includes a series of outstanding engineers, such as Torroja, Sánchez The second block, entitled Spanish Companies and del Río or Fernández Casado, to mention just a few, Patents (1903-1910), explained how the new mate- who gave reinforced concrete its greatest technical rial was adopted by Spanish engineers and compa- and formal expression in the years immediately pre- nies –many of them coming from Hennebique’s firm- ceding the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War. that, backed by the patents, firmly established rein- forced concrete as a construction material. It was a This extensive area of the exhibition took the form of period of weighing up, successes and failures, in a sequence of panels containing text and images,

146 / CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO Figure 4. Area 3. with considerable illustrated documentation taken The second, entitled The Technical Developments, from period sources; it is accompanied by an exten- shows how the material was tentatively accepted by sive selection of original material (plans and works engineers, architects and theoreticians, who having projects, records of the first Spanish patents, books first merely experimented with it eventually managed and technical journals, etc.), displayed in glass cabi- to master it, making their calculations, developing nets or bound for the occasion. A considerable num- their rational formulae and eventually establishing ber of maquettes explaining the works and construc- regulations and standardising it for their applica- tion systems using reinforced concrete were also tions. exhibited, most of which were either made for the exhibition or came from the CEHOPU Collection of The third group of monographic panels was called Models and Maquettes. Curiosities, Utopias and Rarities, and features a number of reinforced concrete works and applica- The same display approach was repeated for the tions that, on the one hand now seem to be either third area of the exhibition, entitled Monographic singular or quaint, and on the other hand show an Developments, which was almost symmetrical, be- eagerness to apply the new technique to a wide va- cause it occupied the opposite side of the Sala riety of fields. In one such case reinforced concrete Zuazo; it was also laid out longitudinally, arranged in was applied to naval construction, whereas in others 4 blocks or sections. It gives the viewer a chance to it was applied to sculpture or monuments in parks pause before a series of monographs whose singu- and gardens, or even to proposals that were more or larity or importance can be extracted from the less utopian, and did not see the light of day or chronological discourse while a detailed explana- passed virtually unnoticed. tion is given. Finally, the fourth section presented the viewer with The first block is devoted to The Reinforced Con- the new material’s artistic potential, which it is true crete Industry in Spain, focusing on its importance to say was exploited to a certain extent later on, and applications as a support for the construction through examples from artists whose works contain developments of the period. experiments with the plasticity of concrete.

CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS HISTÓRICOS DE OBRAS PÚBLICAS Y URBANISMO / 147 ANNEX CURSOS, JORNADAS Y SEMINARIOS humano. Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), 27 sep- tiembre a 1 de octubre.

MÁSTERES Y CURSOS CEDEX Curso sobre Calidad de las aguas. Antigua (Gua- INTERNACIONALES temala), 5-9 julio.

Máster de Mécánica del Suelo e Ingeniería Geo- Curso sobre Calidad de las aguas. Buenos Aires técnica 2010. CEDEX, AECID, UPM y otras insti- (Argentina), 18-22 octubre. tuciones. Madrid, 1 de febrero a 30 de septiem- bre. Dirección: Fernando Pardo de Santayana y An- Curso sobre Clima y eventos extremos. Santa tonio Soriano Peña. Coordinación: Estaire Jeep, Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia), 22-26 noviembre. J. y Perucho Martínez, A. Curso sobre Construcción sostenible y reciclaje Curso Internacional en Hidrología General y Apli- de residuos. Universidad de Zaragoza. Zaragoza, cada 2010. CEDEX, AECID y otras instituciones. 28 abril. Dirección: Alaejos, P. Madrid, 1 de febrero al 30 de junio. Dirección: Ál- varez Rodríguez, J.; Dimas Suárez, M.; Jiménez Curso sobre Creación y actuación de los organis- Álvarez, A. y Marcuello Olana, C. mos de cuenca en la planificación y gestión. Bra- silia (Brasil), 29 noviembre a 3 diciembre.

CURSOS, JORNADAS Y OTROS Curso sobre Dimensionamiento analítico de fir- EVENTOS CEDEX mes 2010. 5 Ediciones. INTEVIA. Madrid, 9 y 17 febrero, 24 marzo, 22 abril y 14 octubre. Direc- Conferencia sobre Innovaciones tecnológicas en ción: Ruiz, A. obras en construcción. Madrid, 26 mayo. Curso sobre Diseño de sistemas de climatización Conferencia sobre Utilización de geosintéticos mediante bomba de calor geotérmica 2010. en vertederos. Madrid, 14 septiembre. ENERGESIS. Madrid, 21-23 septiembre. Dirección: Pardo de Santayana, F. y Urchueguía, J. Curso de Exploraçao e segurança de barragens (11º). Instituto da Água, IST, EDP Produção, LNEC Curso sobre Evaluación ambiental estratégica: y CEDEX. Lisboa (Portugal), 3-14 mayo. avances y nuevas perspectivas 2010 (IV). Madrid, 15-18 de marzo. Dirección: García Sánchez-Colo- Curso Iberoamericano sobre glaciares. Santiago mer, M. Coordinación: Rodríguez Sánchez, J.J. de Chile (Chile), 25-29 octubre. Curso sobre Explotación y seguridad de presas. Curso Iberoamericano sobre nivología. Santa Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), 12-16 julio. Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia), 26-30 abril. Curso sobre Hidrogeología (III). Montevideo (Uru- Curso Selectivo para acceso al Cuerpo de Inge- guay), 10-14 mayo. nieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos del Estado. Madrid, 1 febrero a 31 mayo. Dirección: Dapena, Curso sobre Planificación, manejo y gestión de E. Coordinación: Higuera, C. cuencas. Antigua (Guatemala), 24-28 mayo.

Curso Selectivo para acceso al Cuerpo de Inge- Curso sobre Planificación y ejecución de obras nieros Técnicos de Obras Públicas. Madrid, 25 medioambientales 2010 (II). Madrid, 27-30 de enero a 19 mayo. Dirección: González Santos, A. septiembre. Dirección: Magdaleno Mas, F. y Sán- Coordinación: Torné, V. chez Martínez, F.J.

Curso sobre Abastecimiento y saneamiento. Ca- Curso sobre Simulación hidrológica. SIMPA. Car- lidad y potabilización de aguas para consumo tagena de Indias (Colombia), 12-16 julio.

ANNEX 149 Curso sobre Técnicas y algoritmos empleados Jornada sobre Centros deportivos y culturales. en estudios hidrológicos e hidráulicos. Montevi- 16SO de madera y acero en la edificación. Ma- deo (Uruguay), 23-27 agosto. drid, 20 mayo.

Curso sobre Tecnologías no convencionales para Jornadas sobre el Sistema Iberoamericano de in- depuración de aguas residuales. Montevideo formación sobre el agua (SIAGUA) (VI). Guate- (Uruguay), 17-21 mayo. mala, 26-28 mayo. DGA. Coordinación: Martínez Etayo, L. y Mosteiro Ramírez, L. Curso sobre Tratamiento de aguas residuales y explotación de estaciones depuradoras 2010 Jornadas sobre Ingeniería geológica y geotéc- (XXVIII). Madrid, 15-26 noviembre. Dirección: Ba- nica de túneles. Experiencias prácticas para su tanero, G. y Ortega, E. Coordinación: Martínez, A. construcción y mantenimiento. Madrid, 17-19 y Ferrer, Y. mayo.

Curso sobre Hidrogeología IV. La Habana (Cuba), Jornada sobre Mapas estratégicos de ruido de 20-24 septiembre. aglomeraciones (2ª fase). Madrid, 5 octubre. Di- rección: Segués, F. y Sanz, J.M. Coordinación: San Encuentro sobre Paisaje y sentido de lo construido. Valentín, L. Madrid, 20 enero. Conferenciante: Aguiló, M. Jornada sobre Planificación y ejecución de obras medioambientales. Madrid, 27 septiembre. Encuentro sobre Retos tecnológicos de la polí- tica de aguas en España. Madrid, 27 enero. Con- Jornadas sobre Responsabilidad medioambien- ferenciantes: Dolz, J., Puertas, J.; Polimón, J. y Ba- tal. 2 Ediciones. Madrid, 26-27 enero y 9-10 fe- lairón, L. brero.

Jornada sobre Señalización vertical. Normativa Encuentro sobre Herramientas conceptuales uti- y control de calidad. Madrid, 28 septiembre. Di- lizadas en el diseño de puentes. Madrid, 3 fe- rección: Castillo Rubí, F. brero. Conferenciante: Manterola Armisén, J. Seminario sobre la Sociedad Española para la comunicación fija del Estrecho de Gibraltar. Ma- Encuentro sobre Incertidumbres en el proyecto drid, 28 enero. de un túnel. Madrid, 17 febrero. Conferenciante: Serrano, A. Seminario sobre Plataformas logísticas en Es- paña: Situación actual y oportunidades de me- jora. Madrid, 25 febrero. Encuentro sobre Contribución de la ingeniería civil a la modernización de España. Madrid, 3 Seminario sobre Evaluación económica de pro- marzo. Conferenciante: Sáenz Ridruejo, F. yectos de transporte. Madrid, 15-16 noviembre.

Jornadas de Presentación de Proyectos I+D+i li- Seminario sobre Gobernabilidad del agua en gados al desarrollo del PEIT en el marco del Plan Mesoamérica y el Caribe (I). Antigua (Guate- Nacional 2004-2007, convocatorias 2006 y mala), 5-9 julio. 2007 (III). Madrid, 23-24 febrero. Dirección: To- rres Pérez, A. Seminario sobre Gobernabilidad del agua en América del Sur (II). Madrid, 25 enero a 19 mayo. Jornada de Presentación del Programa IBER: Modelo de cálculo 2D en ríos y estuarios. Ma- Sistema Euro-Mediterráneo de información del drid, 10 junio. agua (SEMIDE). Grupo de trabajo “Sequías y es- casez de agua”. Madrid, 15-16 febrero. Mosteiro

150 ANNEX Ramírez, L. y Martínez Etayo, L. Curso sobre Dotaciones viales. Ministerio de Fo- Sistema Euro-Mediterráneo de Información del mento, Formación Continua. Madrid, mayo. Cas- Agua (SEMIDE). Grupo de trabajo “Monitoreo y tillo, F. Señalización Vertical. calidad del agua”. Madrid, 10 noviembre. Martí- Curso sobre Energía y medio ambiente. Perspec- nez Etayo, L. tivas científico-técnicas y sociales. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena. Soriano, J.

PARTICIPACIÓN EN CURSOS EXTERNOS Curso sobre Fabricación de mezclas bitumino- sas en caliente. Tema 1: Diseño de la fórmula de A short course on Computational Plasticity. Po- trabajo de las mezclas bituminosas en caliente. litécnico di Torino. 7-8 octubre. Pastor, M.; Mira, Ministerio de Fomento. Valladolid, junio. Rubio, B. P. y Blanc, T. Curso sobre Hidrogeología. Universidad Complu- Curso de Introducción a GeHoMadrid. Puertos tense de Madrid. Magdaleno Mas, F. Determina- del Estado. 11, 18 y 25 de junio. Mira, P.; Pastor, ción y establecimiento de regímenes de cauda- M.; Fernández Merodo, J.A. y Blanc, T. les ecológicos.

Curso de Especialista en análisis y gestión de Curso sobre Reciclaje y sostenibilidad en el sec- los riesgos por avenidas e inundaciones. Uni- tor de la construcción. Universidad de Cantabria. versidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Jiménez, A. Aná- Suances (Cantabria), 26-30 julio. Alaejos, P. Ti- lisis estadístico de caudales de avenida. Marcue- pos y propiedades de los áridos reciclados. Alae- llo, C. Guía de modelación hidrológica e hidráulica jos, P. Panorama nacional e internacional sobre para el Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas residuos utilizables en edificación y obra pública: Inundables. catálogo actualizado de residuos utilizables en la construcción. Curso General de transportes terrestres (XXIII). Fundación de los Ferrocarriles Españoles, en co- Curso sobre Túneles: construcción y asistencia laboración con la Universidad Politécnica de Ma- técnica. Escuela de Ingeniaría de Obras Públicas, drid, el Ministerio de Fomento, Renfe Operadora, UPM. Madrid, marzo-junio. Conferencia inaugural. Adif y otras entidades. Madrid. Segués, F. Conta- Santos, A. Problemas geotécnicos en el proyecto minación acústica en carreteras. del túnel bajo el estrecho de Gibraltar.

Curso de Pasos para peces: cálculo, diseño y Curso sobre Vías-Castramentación. Academia de construcción. Departamento de Ingeniería Fores- Ingenieros del Ejército. Hoyo de Manzanares (Ma- tal. ETSIIAA, Universidad de Valladolid e ITAGRA. drid), febrero-marzo. Martínez Santamaría, J.M. Re- Palencia, septiembre. Morcillo, F. Evaluación hi- conocimiento de campo. Martínez Santamaría, dráulica y biológica de escalas de hendiduras ver- J.M. Terraplenes y rellenos. Martínez Santamaría, ticales en laboratorio. J.M. Cimentaciones profundas: Pilotes. Martínez Santamaría, J.M. Aspectos generales sobre cimen- Curso de Postgrado en tecnología, administra- taciones en el CTE. ción y gestión del agua (TAyGA). Universidad de Murcia – Fundación Instituto Euromediterráneo del Curso Superior en Políticas e instrumentos de Agua. Álvarez, J. Recursos hídricos. Dimas, M. Hi- gestión ambiental (VIII). Instituto Universitario de drometría e información hidrológica. Jiménez, A. Estudios Europeos y FCC, apoyo de la Fundación Métodos de cálculo de crecidas. Carolina. Segués, F. El origen y efectos de la con- taminación acústica. Segués, F. Soluciones al pro- Curso sobre Caudales ecológicos (I). Confedera- blema del ruido en el transporte y en la industria. ción Hidrográfica del Miño-Sil. Magdaleno Mas, F. Introducción a los métodos de cálculo y a los mo- Curso Técnico superior en ingeniería y gestión delos hidrobiológicos. sostenible de regadíos. CENTER. Madrid, mayo.

ANNEX 151 Balairón, L. Tuberías. Materiales. Máster en Proyectos Arquitectónicos Avanzados. Máster de Túneles. (AETOS) Asociación Española Módulo 2 Gran Escala y Paisaje. Romero, D. La car- de Túneles y Obras Subterráneas. Madrid, enero- tografía histórica del mar de Alborán. junio. Perucho, A. Definición de tensiones. Ten- Máster Internacional de desarrollo rural. Módulo sor de tensiones. Perucho, A. Tensiones principa- 10. Agricultura para el desarrollo. Modelos de les. Invariantes. Perucho, A. Deformaciones de lucha contra el hambre. Universidad Politécnica fluencia. Viscosidad. Relajación de tensiones. Pe- de Madrid. Martínez Beltrán, J. El papel de los re- rucho, A. Estabilidad de taludes en suelos. Re- gadíos en la producción de alimentos y el desarro- fuerzo de taludes. Estaire, J. Teoría de la plastici- llo rural. dad. Parámetros característicos. Estaire, J. Ensa- yos de laboratorio. Rocas y suelos. Cano, H. El en- Máster Internacional en Explotación y seguridad sayo presiométrico autoperforante. Martínez San- de presas y balsas (I). Comité Nacional Español tamaría, J.M. Resistencia al corte. Martínez San- de Grandes Presas. Colegio de Ingenieros de Ca- tamaría, J.M. Carga admisible en roca minos. Madrid, septiembre 2010-junio 2011. Mar- tínez Santamaría, J.M. Uso de Geosintéticos. Mar- Máster en Estructuras de edificación. Curso es- tínez Santamaría, J.M. Préstamos. Martínez San- pecialidad en mecánica del suelo y cimentacio- tamaría, J.M. La impermeabilización del cimiento. nes. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. Fundación Inyecciones, pantallas, tapices y otras actuaciones. Escuela de la Edificación. Escuela de Arquitectura Técnica. Martínez Santamaría, J.M. Técnicas de Máster Universitario en recursos hídricos y me- mejora del terreno. Inyecciones y Jet Grouting. dio ambiente. Universidad de Málaga. Del Río, I. Instrucción de planificación hidrológica. Del Río, Máster en Gestión y administración ambiental I. Caudales ambientales en la planificación hidro- (IX). Fundación Biodiversidad y Ministerio de Me- lógica. dio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. Del Río, I. Objetivos ambientales. García Cantón, A. Medidas Máster Universitario en Ingeniería del agua y del de gestión de la oferta. Segués, F. Sistemas y téc- terreno. Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena nicas de la evaluación del ruido ambiental. (UPCT). Álvarez, J. Recursos hídricos. Dimas, M. Hi- drometría e información hidrológica. Marcuello, C. Máster en Gestión fluvial sostenible y gestión in- Modelación hidráulica de inundaciones. tegrada de aguas / 2010-2012. Facultad de Cien- cias Económicas y Empresariales. Universidad de Seminario sobre Diseño y técnicas de ejecución Zaragoza. Balairón, L. La seguridad hidráulica de de excavaciones y estructuras de contención. las presas. Balairón, L. La hidráulica fluvial: expe- Institute for Internacional Research (IIR España). riencias en el Laboratorio de Hidráulica del CEDEX. Madrid, 17-18 febrero. Martínez Santamaría, J.M. López, D. Técnicas de modelación matemática de Módulo: Estructuras de Contención discontinuas. la hidráulica. Caso práctico: el modelo IBER. Villa- verde, J., Barranco, L. El Ciclo Hidrológico: informa- Seminario sobre Técnicas de mejora, refuerzo ción hidrometeorológica y técnicas de modelización. y consolidación del terreno. Institute for Interna- Caso práctico: el impacto del cambio climático so- cional Research (IIR España). Madrid, 16-17 bre los recursos hídricos españoles. marzo. Martínez Santamaría, J.M. Módulo: Trata- miento mediante inyecciones del terreno. Máster en Ingeniería y gestión del agua. Escuela de Organización Industrial. Madrid. Balairón, L. Di- Simulación hidrológica distribuida. Implementa- seño hidráulico y mecánico de conducciones a pre- ción en SIG y bases del modelo SIMPA. Ministe- sión. Balairón, L. Principios básicos en el dimen- rio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino - sionamiento hidráulico de embalses de regulación Programa de formación iberoamericano en ma- y de laminación. Balairón, L. La modelación física teria de aguas. Área temática 2.2. Álvarez, J. Pre- y numérica en el diseño de aliviaderos de presas. sentación del curso y simulación hidrológica dis- García Cantón, A. Los programas de medidas. tribuida. Álvarez, J. Evaluación de Recursos hídri-

152 ANNEX cos en España. Modelo Témez. Álvarez, J. Imple- COMUNICACIONES A CONGRESOS, mentación de un modelo para la evaluación de re- JORNADAS Y SEMINARIOS cursos hídricos. Modelo Témez. Álvarez, J. Interpo- lación de datos climáticos. Tratamiento de la eva- Abad, P.; Blanco, M. y Leiro, A. Characteristics of potranspiración potencial. Álvarez, J. Implementa- Geosynthetics used in the Waterponds in Spain. ción de modelos de recursos. Modelo Budyko. Ba- 9th International conference on geosynthetics. rranco, L. Parametrización de modelos hidrológi- cos con MDE. Redes de drenaje y modelos de Alaejos. P. Aplicaciones de los RCDs en el ámbito acumulación. Barranco, L. Desarrollo práctico con de la Construcción. Jornada sobre Residuos de GRASS. Cálculo del tiempo de concentración. Ba- construcción y demolición. rranco, L. Desarrollo práctico con GRASS. Técni- cas de reclasificación. Modelo número de curva. Alarcón, J. Determinación de cuotas, tarifas y san- Capacidad de almacenamiento en el suelo. Jimé- ciones al sobre consumo de agua de riego, en fun- nez, A. Elementos en la simulación distribuida de ción de su productividad y coste de oportunidad. crecidas. Mapas de caudales máximos. Jiménez, II Seminario de la Red ECORIEGO 2010. A. Implementación del método racional. Desarro- llo práctico. Jiménez, A. Parametrización del hidro- Alarcón, J. Evaluación de la eficiencia de un pro- grama unitario distribuido. yecto típico de modernización de regadíos. IV Con- greso de la Asociación Hispano-Portuguesa de Aplicación de herramientas informáticas en hi- Economía de los Recursos naturales y ambien- drología. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Es- tales (AERNA) 2010. cuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Colegio de Ingenieros de Montes. Madrid, mayo Álvarez, J. An assessment of climate change im- Martínez Romero, R. Aplicaciones del modelo RAS pact on water resources in Spain. American wa- en estudios de movilidad fluvial. ter resources association 2010. Spring specialty conference.

FORMACIÓN CONTINUA Aragón, C.A.; Salas, J.J.; Ortega, E. y Ferrer, Y. Lacks and needs of R&D on wastewater treatment in Idiomas small populations. Aragón, C.A.; Salas, J.J.; Real, 19 cursos, 2.141 horas lectivas, 120 asistencias. A.; Ortega, E. y Ferrer, Y. Analysis and description of sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment Tecnologías de la información y de las in small communities. Congreso de la Interna- comunicaciones tional water association (IWA). Sustainable so- 29 cursos, 715 horas lectivas, 205 asistencias. lutions for small water and wastewater treat- ment systems. Puestos específicos 7 cursos, 147 horas lectivas, 68 asistencias. Balairón, L. La Guía Técnica del CEDEX sobre re- des de saneamiento y drenaje urbano. VIII Jor- Habilidades funcionales nadas Técnicas sobre saneamiento y drenaje ur- 5 cursos, 80 horas lectivas, 43 asistencias. bano. FACSA Ciclo integral del agua.

Salud Laboral Balairón, L. Las Guías Técnicas del CEDEX en ma- 7 cursos, 59 horas lectivas, 73 asistencias. teria de conducciones. 5ª Jornada Técnica so- bre las tuberías en los sistemas de abasteci- Medioambiente miento y saneamiento. 1 curso, 20 horas lectivas, 15 asistencias. Balairón, L. Moderador de la mesa Sesión Novos plans de saneamento local das rías galegas. Con- ferencia da auga.

ANNEX 153 Balairón, L. El papel de los Laboratorios de Hidráu- Berga, M.; González, A. y Lechuga, C. Modelo físico lica y de los Centros Tecnológicos. Jornada sobre del meandro de Quinzanas en el río Narcea, As- Innovación en la gestión del agua urbana. turias. Rebollo, J.; López, D.; Blas, M.; Díaz, R. y Ma- rivela, R. IBER. Modelo de cálculo en 2D de ríos y Blanco, M.; Leiro, A. y Santarrufina, E. Caracterís- estuarios. Página web y formación 2010. Rebollo, ticas de los geotextiles empleados en la imperme- J.; López, D.; Blas, M.; Díaz, R. y Marivela, R. Avan- abilización de balsas en España. Blanco, M.; San- ces en modelación numérica Lagrangiana 3D para tarrufina, E.; Castillo, F.; Soriano, J. y García, F. Com- el diseño de aliviaderos. Seminario de la Red de portamiento de la geomembrana de polietileno de Laboratorios de Hidráulica de España (RLHE) so- alta densidad (PEAD) instalada en la balsa de Plá bre las Líneas prioritarias A, B, C y D. de Sant Jordi (Palma de Mallorca). Blanco, M.; Rico, G.; Pargada, L.; Aguiar, E.; Castillo, F. y Crespo, Castillo, F. Dirección. Castillo, F. Actuaciones del M.A. Estado de la barrera geosintética polimérica Laboratorio Central de Estructuras y Materiales de EPDM de la balsa de El Golfo en la isla de El del CEDEX en la señalización vertical. Jornada so- Hierro. Influencia del tipo de plastificante en la du- bre Señalización vertical: Normativa y control de rabilidad de las geomembranas de PVC-P. Soriano, calidad. J.; Blanco, M.; Aguiar, E. y Burgos, J. La microsco- pia como método de análisis en el estudio de ge- Castillo, F. Papel de los polímeros en la señaliza- omembranas sintéticas de PVC-P. Blanco, M.; ción vertical. I Jornadas prácticas de Seguridad Mora, J.; García, F.; De Cea, J.C. y Sánchez, F.J. Las pasiva en la señalización vertical. geomembranas sintéticas en el contexto del “Ma- nual para el diseño, construcción, explotación y Catalinas Pérez, M.; Alonso Tejedor, M.E. y García mantenimiento de balsas”. Blanco, M.; Castillo, F.; Cantón, A. Characterization of the cost of inland Cea, J.C. de; Aguiar, E. y Soriano, J. Polietilenos aquatic ecosystems restoration for river basin ma- de distintas densidades en la impermeabilización nagement under the Water Framework Directive de balsas. Blanco, M.; De Cea, J.C.; Aguiar, E.; Gar- in Spain. 7th European conference on ecological cía, F.; Martín, A. y Solera, R. Seguimiento de ba- restoration. rreras geosintéticas poliméricas (GBR-P) durante el año 2009. Aguiar, E.; Blanco, M.; Vara, T.; So- Cobo, R. Sedimentos de embalses españoles: com- riano, J. y Armendáriz, V. Una década de experien- posición, cuantificacióm, evolución. Mateos, C.; El- cia en el comportamiento de una geomembrana viro, V.; Ramos, T. y Cordero, D. Resalto corto. El- de poliolefina elastomérica. 3er Congreso nacio- viro, V.; Martínez, R. y Cordero, C. Presa de Huesna. nal de impermeabilización: Edificación, obra ci- Ensayo en modelo reducido del aliviadero. Premio vil y balsas. al mejor póster presentado en las IX Jornadas Es- pañolas de Presas. López, D. y Marivela, R. Análi- Blanco, M. Geomembranas. Barreras geosintéti- sis del funcionamiento hidrodinámico de estruc- cas poliméricas (GBR-P). Leiro, Á. Geosintéticos. turas hidráulicas con modelos SPH. Estudio del Introducción. Jornada sobre Aplicación de geo- cuenco de amortiguamiento de la presa de Villar sintéticos en obras hidráulicas y obras lineales. del Rey. Martínez, J.M.; Asanza, E. y Díez, J.A. Aná- lisis de la alterabilidad de la roca de cantera utili- Blanco, M. y Leiro, A. Sistemas de impermeabiliza- zada como escollera en la presa de Alcorlo. Es- ción. Martínez Santamaría, J.M.; Estaire, J. y Pe- taire, J. y Rodríguez, R. Ensayos realizados para rucho, A. Criterios de diseño, tipología del dique comprobar la idoneidad de materiales para uso de cierre y análisis de estabilidad. Granell, C. y Ba- como filtro de presas. Estaire, J.; González, M.; Fer- lairón, L. Estudios hidráulicos. Jornada sobre el nández, R.; Santana, M.; Díez, J.A. y Muñoz, C. Ins- Manual para el diseño, construcción, explota- pección Geotécnica de pequeñas presas de ma- ción y mantenimiento de balsas. teriales sueltos situadas en Castilla y León.IX Jor- nadas Españolas de presas. Blanco, M. Barreras geosintéticas poliméricas (GBR-P). Jornada sobre Impermeabilización de Cuéllar, V.; Pastor, M.; Mira, P.; Fernández-Merodo, canales y balsas. J.A.; Baeßler, M. y Rücker W. Numerical investiga-

154 ANNEX tions for the pile foundation of an offshore wind tructuras. 9º Taller del Consejo de Europa para turbine under transient lateral load. 7th European la aplicación del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje. conference on numerical methods in geotechni- cal engineering (NUMGE 2010). Iglesias, R. Estudio sobre fiabilidad y eficacia de las tecnologías de regeneración y sus costes aso- De Pablo, M.A.; Ramos, M.; Vieira, G.; Toro, M. y ciados. SMAGUA 2010. Quesada, A. Preliminary results from Limnopolar Lake Calm-S Site. Byers Peninsula, Livingston Is- Jiménez, A. Mesa redonda: Retos y oportunidades land, Antarctica. Antoniades, D.; Blais, J.M.; Toro, de la Directiva 2007/60. Jornada sobre Retos y M.; Pienitz, R.; Quesada, A. y Vincent, W.F. Recons- oportunidades de la Directiva sobre evaluación tructing past abundances of southern elephant y gestión de los riesgos de inundación. seals from Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island from the sedimentary record. International polar year. Jiménez, A. Mapa de caudales máximos. Barranco, Oslo science conference. L. Los efectos del cambio climático en la modifi- cación de lluvias máximas. Jornada técnica de in- De Santiago, C. Comité Técnico del Grupo de Tra- undaciones. Episodios del invierno 2009/2010. bajo GT-10: Geotermia: La energía renovable de futuro. 10º Congreso nacional del medio am- Juarez Sanz, E.; García, F.J.; García Sánchez-Colo- biente (CONAMA). mer, M. y Suárez, F. Effects of the construction of a high-speed railway on the distribution and home Del Río, I. Tendencias e invocación en los tratamien- range of the stone martens (Martes foina) in tos de depuración y regeneración de aguas residua- Cuenca (Spain). Poster presentation. Internatio- les urbanas. Jornada sobre Innovación y agua. nal conference on ecology and transportation.

Ferrer, Y. La depuración de las aguas residuales Lara, A.; Martínez, R. y Cordero, D. Aliviadero com- en pequeñas poblaciones. Manual para la implan- plementario de la presa de Calanda. Elviro, V.; Mar- tación de sistemas de depuración. Nuevas ten- tínez, R. y Cordero, D. Problemática en el uso de dencias y retos tecnológicos en la depuración un barranco como aliviadero de una presa. Lanza, de aguas residuales. Foro Regional de Sosteni- V. y Alaejos, P. Reacción álcali-sílice. Técnicas rá- bilidad e I+D+i. pidas para la evaluación de áridos reactivos. Ve- lasco-Torres, A.; Alaejos, P. y Soriano, J. Relación García, J.L. y López, D. Experiencia en instrumen- geología-patología en presas españolas afectadas tación en el Laboratorio de Hidráulica del CEH. Se- por la reacción álcali-sílice. Blanco, M.; Castillo, F.; minario de la Red de Laboratorios de Hidráulica García, F. y Soriano, J. Las geomembranas sinté- de España (RLHE) sobre Instrumentación en La- ticas en la rehabilitación y mantenimiento de pa- boratorios de Hidráulica. ramentos de presas. II International congress on dams. Maintenance and rehabilitation. García Sánchez-Colomer, M. Aspectos medioam- bientales de la desalación. Presentación de la Guía Luján, A. Algunas notas sobre las primeras aplica- de desalación: Aspectos técnicos y sanitarios en ciones del hierro en la construcción de puentes en la producción de agua de consumo humano. XXII España. II Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores Jornada AQUAESPAÑA / AEDyR. de Historia del Arte.

González-Gallego, J. Caracterización geotécnica Luján, A. La imagen del ferrocarril en la literatura y medidas correctoras en taludes semirocosos. de viajes de mediados del siglo XIX. XIII jornadas Aplicación práctica al talud de la Panadella, Au- internacionales sobre “diseño, imagen y creati- tovía A-2. Jornada sobre Estabilidad de taludes. vidad en el patrimonio industrial.

Grau, M. y Romero, D. Obras Públicas Históricas: Magdaleno, F. Efectos en los ecosistemas y la bio- una visión de futuro. Paisaje, Ingeniería y Sociedad. diversidad – Caudales ecológicos. Conferencia in- III Congreso Internacional sobre Paisaje e Infraes- ternacional sobre escasez de agua y sequía.

ANNEX 155 Magdaleno, F. Evaluación y restauración ambiental Mateos, A. Use of distortion energy as the fundamen- de ríos: experiencias, técnicas y mejoras. Jornada tal design parameter for asphalt fatigue. 89th Annual sobre Gestión y mejora de cauces fluviales. meeting of the transportation research board.

Magdaleno, F. Aplicación de técnicas de bioinge- Mateos, A. Pavement performance evaluation at niería. Jornada sobre Restauración de espacios CEDEX full-scale accelerated testing facility. Inter- fluviales. national seminar on long term pavement per- formance research. Magdaleno, F. Gestión ecohidrológica de ríos alte- rados en España. Seminario sobre Cuencas hi- Mateos, C; Elviro, V; Ramos, T; Cordero, C. The li- drográficas. mits of regulation in siphons. 78ª Reunión Anual del Comité Internacional de Grandes Presas. Magdaleno, F. Gestión de espacios fluviales: eva- luación y experiencias. Seminario sobre Gestión Mateos, C. y Cordero, D. Regulación de segundo or- y restauración fluvial. den en sifones. Rebollo, J.; López, D.; Blas, M.; Díaz, R. y Marivela, R. Estudio en modelo matemático del Magdaleno, F. Implementation of environmental aliviadero de Calanda. Teruel, España. XXIV Con- flow regimes. Workshop on Water and biodiver- greso Latinoamericano de Hidráulica (IAHR). sity. Mischke, U.; Carvalho, L.; Phillips, G.; De Hoyos, C.; Martínez Beltrán, J. Contribución de la Ingeniería Laplace-Treyture, C. y Solheim, A.L. Biodiversity de Regadíos a la Seguridad Alimentaria. Jornadas of Phytoplankton in European Lakes. Internatio- sobre Contribución de la ingeniería a la seguri- nal conference on biodiversity. dad alimentaria. Moral, A. Utilización de escorias de incinerado- Martínez Etayo, L. SIAGUA, Sistema de Informa- res urbanos en carreteras. Jornada para Técnicos ción para América Latina. 1er Taller EUrocLIMA Municipales y de la Administración Pública so- – Agua. bre Valorización de escorias para la obra pública.

Martínez, G.; Camacho, A. y Toro, M. Ecological sta- Moral, A.; Sinis, F.; Hervás, J. y Cerdá, A. Environ- tus assessment system of Spanish lakes under the mental properties variability of MSWI bottom ash Water Framework Directive. Camacho, A.; Rochera, as alternative aggregates in road construction. Se- C.; Villaescusa, J.A.; Diazmacip, M.E.; Velázquez, cond International conference on sustainable D.; Toro, M.; Rico, E.; Fernández-Valiente, E.; Casa- construction materials and technologies. mayor, E.O.; Chicote, A.; Gil-Delgado, J.A.; Armen- gol, X.; Sanz, A.; Justel, A.; Bañon, M.; Vincent, W.F. Moral, A.; Sinis, F.; Rieiro, I.; Larrea, M. y Cerdá, y Quesada, A. Microbial ecology of oligotrophic ma- A. El contenido de Compuestos Organohalogena- ritime Antarctic lakes: lake Limnopolar, a model dos Extraíbles (EOX) como indicador de la presen- lake. Negro, A.I. y De Hoyos, C. Listado de fitoplanc- cia de Compuestos Orgánicos Persistentes (COP) ton de los embalses de las cuencas españolas pe- en materiales secundarios. 10º Congreso nacio- ninsulares. Hernández, M.; Mateos, B.; Villén, L.; nal del medio ambiente (CONAMA10). Alonso, A.M. y Del Campo, F. Toxicty of cyanobac- terial extracts from spanish recreational water re- Morcillo, F. Hydraulic and biological studies in a servoirs on RTL-W1 fish liver cells. XV Congreso vertical slot fishway physical model, scale 1:1. de la Asociación Ibérica de Limnología. Workshop ecohydraulics for ecologically healthy waterways. 9th International congress on the Martínez Santamaría, J.M. y Fernández Serrano, biology of fish. R. Geotechnicanl impact on small earth dams cau- sed by vegetation growth as a result of inadequate Morcillo, F. Impacto de las obras transversales so- maintenance activity. II Congreso internacional bre la fauna ictícola. Jornada sobre recuperación de conservación y rehabilitación de presas. del hábitat piscícola Alto Lozoya.

156 ANNEX Navas Gutiérrez, M. 14ª Reunión del Comité Di- grate Italia-Spagna. Ministero dell’Università e de- rector del SEMIDE / EMWIS. lla Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica. Azioni Inte- grate Italia-Spagna. Navas Gutiérrez, M. 10th NFP Coordinatio Semi- nar of SEMIDE / EMWIS. Rubio, B. Cambios en el PG-3. Jornada Técnica so- bre Marcado CE de productos bituminosos en la Ortega, E.; Iglesias, R.; Batanero, G.; Ferrer, Y. y construcción. Martínez, A. Tecnologías de Biorreactores de Mem- branas (MBR). XXX Jornadas Técnicas de la Aso- Rubio, B. Modificaciones en el diseño de mezclas ciación Española de Abastecimiento y Sanea- bituminosas tras la entrada en vigor de la norma- miento (AEAS). tiva europea. IV Jornadas PROAS sobre Innova- ción en pavimentos bituminosos. Nuevos enfo- Pardo de Santayana, F. Ponente invitado. Aterros ques, ensayos y productos. sobre solos argilosos moles: o aterro sanitário de Beirolas. Seminario sobre Aspectos geológico- Ruiz Arriaga, S. Litoral, ordenación y modelos de geotécnicos do desenvolvimento regional. futuro. Presentación de Póster. IV Congreso de In- geniería Civil, territorio y medio ambiente. Pardo de Santayana, F. y Lozano, A. Trabalhos de investigação e desenvolvimento tecnológico en Ge- Sánchez de Juan, M. Tarea 2.2. Reciclado de RCD’s otecnia ferroviária em Espanha no âmbito da co- como áridos de hormigones no estructurales (hor- laboração ADIF-CEDEX. 12º Congreso Nacional migón in situ). Jornada de presentación de la ta- de Geotecnia. rea 2.2 del proyecto CLEAM: Construcción lim- pia, eficiente y amigable con el medio ambiente. Rebollo, J.; López, D.; Blas, M.; Díaz, R. y Marivela, R. Hydrodynamic verification with SPH of under Sánchez de Ocaña, A.; Cano, H.; Estaire, J. & San- gate flow in the Alarcon spillway. Third Interna- tana, M. Geotechnical Characterization and Stabi- tional junior researcher and engineer workshop lity Study of Coal Mine Dumps. Rodríguez-Abad, R. on hydraulic structures (IJREWHS ’10). & Estaire, J. Geotechnical and Enviromental Pro- perties of Tire-used Shreds for Use in Civil Cons- Rebollo, J.; López, D.; Blas, M.; Díaz, R. y Marivela, truction. Hervás, J.; Martínez Santamaría, J.M.; R. SPH-3D simulation of trout trajectory in a ver- Ruiz, A.I.; Regadío, M.; De Soto, I.; Rodríguez, M. tical slot fishway. Comparison with physical model. y Cuevas, J. Long term column experiments for tes- 8th International symposium on ecohydraulics. ting the landfill leachate diffusion through 0.5 m thick compacted clay. 6th International congress Rodríguez, J.; Díaz, M.F. y otros. Modelling the spa- on environmental geotechnics. tial distribution of stable isotopes of precipitation in Spain. A δ18O digital map applied to hydrology. Santos Moreno, A. Protección de subsidencias en Third Technical meeting on geostatistical analy- torno a túneles mediante inyecciones de fractura- sis of spatial isotope variability to map the sour- ción. Jornada AEGAIN sobre la Ingeniería geoló- ces of water of hydrology studies. gica en el Patrimonio Histórico y su entorno.

Rodríguez, J.; Díaz, M.F. y otros. Contribution of the Serrano, A.; Perucho, A. y Conde, M. Isotropic co- spanish network for isotopes in precipitation and llapse load as a function of the macroporosity of related modeling activities to characterize water volcanic pyroclasts. Serrano, A.; Perucho, A. y bodies and their evolution. Presentación de Pós- Conde, M. General method for estimating the ac- ter. European groundwater conference. tive and passive earth pressures on retaining walls assuming different strength criteria. European Romero, D. El nuevo Ferrol. El urbanismo de la Ra- rock mechanics symposium (EUROK 2010). zón. Seminario di Studi Le città fondate in Sici- lia e in Spagna in età moderna (secc. XVI-XVIII). Serrano, A.; Perucho, A. y Conde, M. Isotropic co- Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica. Azioni Inte- llapse load as a function of the macroporosity of

ANNEX 157 volcanic pyroclasts. Serrano, A.; Perucho, A. y gregates for non-structural concrete. 37th IAHS Conde, M. General method for estimating the ac- World congress on housing science. Design, tive and passive earth pressures on retaining walls technology, refurbishment and management of assuming different strength criteria. Rodríguez-Lo- buildings. sada, J.A.; Eff-Darwich, A.; Hernández, L.E.; Olalla C.; Perucho, A. & Serrano, A. Slope stability in the Verdugo, M.; Martín, D. y Villén, L. The presence of Canary volcanoes based on geotechnical criteria. cyanobacteria in Spanish reservoirs during sum- Estaire, J.; Santana, M. & Díez, J.A. Geotechnical mer 2009. 18th Symposium of the Internatio- description of halloysite clays from Barlovento Dam nal Association for Cyanophyte Research. (La Palma Island, Spain). Muñiz, M. y González-Ga- llego, J. Rock mass classification schemes in vol- canic rocks. 3rd International workshop on rock PUBLICACIONES DEL CEDEX mechanics and geo-engineering in volcanic en- vironments. REVISTA INGENIERÍA CIVIL CEDEX

Sinis, F. y Esteras, S. The CEDEX and the used of Albertos, B.; San Miguel, E.; Draper, I.; Garilleti, R.; Lara, ferrous slags in road construction. 6º Congreso F. y Varela, J.M. Estado de conservación de la vege- europeo de escorias. Euroslag 2010. tación dunar en las costas de la Comunidad Valen- ciana. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 158/2010, p. 121-134. Sobrados, L. Programa de caracterización de lo- dos de depuradoras generados en España. Jor- Alonso García, A.M.; Avilés García, J.; González Ra- nada técnica sobre valorización agronómica de mos, M.E. y Diago Sánchez, I. ISO 9001: Sistemas lodos de depuración. de gestión de la calidad. La experiencia del Cen- tro de Estudios Hidrográficos del CEDEX. Ingenie- Sobrados, L. Marco legislativo en la gestión de ría Civil. Nº 157/2010, p. 69-75. lodos de EDARs: análisis y conceptos. AQUA 10, VII Conferencia sobre gestión del agua. Blanco, M.; De Cea, J.C.; García, F; Sánchez, F.J.; Castillo, F.; Mora, J. y Crespo, M.A. La impermea- Sobrados, L.; Gomez, J.; Lasheras, A.M.; Garcia- bilización con barreras geosintéticas poliméricas Heras, J.L. y Huete, E. Comparison of the behaviour (GBR-P) en el manual para el diseño, construcción, in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic diges- explotación y mantenimiento de balsas. Ingenie- tion of sewage sludge coming from two WWTPs ría Civil. Nº 158/2010, p. 43-50. with different biological wastewater treatment. 12th IWA specialist conference on anaerobic di- Blanco, M.; Aguiar, E.; De Cea, J.C.; Castillo, F. y So- gestion. riano, J. El polietileno en la impermeabilización de balsas. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 159/2010, p. 57-64. Toro, M. Climate change impact assessment on the ecological status of Spanish water bodies. Eu- Blanco, M.; Leiro, A. y Santarrufina, E. Geotexti- rAqua Symposium. Impact of climate change on les utilizados en la impermeabilización de balsas. water resources –200 years hydrology in Europe– Ingeniería Civil. Nº 160/2010, p. 87-91. a European perspective in a changing world. Carpintero García, I. y Bermúdez Odriozola, M.A. Ullidtz, P.; Mateos, A.; Ayuso, J.; Harvey, J. y Bas- Evaluación estructural de un puente de hormigón heer, I. Simulation of full scale accelerated pave- pretensazo afectado por una reacción álcali-sílice. ment test from CEDEX using the Californian pre- Ingeniería Civil. Nº 159/2010, p. 89-101. dictive pavement design system (CalME). 11th In- ternational conference on asphalt pavements. Crespo García, L.; García Cortés, A.; Jiménez Arroyo, F. y Montané López, M. Buenas prácticas en la Vegas, I.J.; Lisbona, A.; Sanchez de Juan, M. y Car- reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto inver- vajal, M.D. Influence of the CDW´s treatment pro- nadero en el sector del transporte. Ingeniería Ci- cess on the characteristics of mixed recycled ag- vil. Nº 157/2010, p. 31-41.

158 ANNEX De la Peña Olivas, J.M. y Sánchez Palomar, F.J. Per- de Obra” en las Declaraciones de Impacto Ambien- fil dinámico de una playa. Ingeniería Civil. Nº tal de proyectos de Ingeniería Civil. Ingeniería Ci- 158/2010, p. 63-72. vil. Nº 160/2010, p. 92-101.

Leal Bermejo, J.M. y Isidoro Cruz, A. Evaluación ex- Tadeo Rico, A. y Torres Pérez, A. Efecto de la radia- perimental del funcionamiento y la precisión de ción solar sobre el ligante bituminoso. Ingeniería varios sistemas de pesaje dinámico de instalación Civil. Nº 158/2010, p. 75-91. fija. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 160/2010, p. 37-46.

Magdaleno, F.; Martínez, R. y Roch, V. Índice RFV LIBROS CEDEX para la valoración del estado del bosque de ribera. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 157/2010, p. 85-96. CEH, varios autores. Guía técnica sobre depósitos para abastecimiento de agua potable. Colección Manzanas López, J. y De Santiago Buey, C. Apli- Manuales y Recomendaciones CEDEX R-20. ISBN cación del método de descriptores de Fourier a 978-84-7790-513-4. la clasificación morfológica de partículas en ma- teriales geológicos. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 157/2010, Crespo García, L. Evolución de las emisiones del p. 77-84. transporte en España y en los países de nuestro entorno: Francia, Reino Unido y Alemania. Ejem- Pérez Burgos, F. y De la Peña Olivas, J.M. Una vi- plos de buenas prácticas. Colección Monografías sión comparada de la ordenación de la costa en CEDEX M-105. ISBN: 978-84-7790-514-1. España. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 160/2010, p. 128-134. Grau, M. En La recuperación del jardín de Winthuy- Pujol, L.; Suárez-Navarro, M.J.; González- Gon- sen de la antigua Escuela de Caminos en el Ce- zález, J.A. y García-Galludo, M. Estudio compa- rrillo de San Blas. Cuadernos de Investigación CE- rativo de equipos fijos de pedestal y su aplica- HOPU nº 7, CEDEX. ISBN 978-84-7790-519-6 ción en la detección del tráfico incontrolado de material radiactivo en aeropuertos. Ingeniería Ci- Sobrados Bernardos, L.; Gómez Muñoz, J.; Las- vil. Nº 157/2010, p. 43-56. heras Añón, A.M. y García Ganuza, J. Criterios para aplicación de fangos de depuradora en suelos: es- Rozycki, A.; Ruiz Fonticiella J.M.; Martínez Santa- tabilidad e higienización. Colección Monografías maría, J.M. y De la Cuadra, A. Evaluación del radio CEDEX M-104. ISBN 978-84-7790-513-4. de columnas de inyección mediante técnicas eléc- tricas. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 157/2010, p. 23-39. COLABORACIONES EN OTRAS Rubio, B.; Carmona, M.; Ávila, J.M.; Jiménez, R.; PUBLICACIONES Izquierdo, S. y Enríquez, L. Caracterización de las mezclas bituminosas con NFU extendidas en el REVISTAS tramo de la carretera Ex-370, de Plasencia a Montehermoso. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 160/2010, Alaejos, P. y Ainchil, J. Aplicaciones de los RCDs en p. 103-114. construcción como áridos reciclados. Revista Téc- nica del Medio Ambiente, RETEMA. Nº 142. Nú- Ruiz Arriaga, S.; Orozco Conti, F.; Ubaldi Freda, mero monográfico RCDs, p. 8-16. G.M.; Garau Hernández, F.; Salguero Martínez, J. y García Sánchez-Colomer, M. Metodología para el Bermúdez M.A. y Alaejos, P. Models for chloride análisis de los documentos de seguimiento am- diffusion coefficients of concretes in tidal zone. biental de las instalaciones desaladoras de agua ACI Materials Journal. ISSN 0889-325X. Vol. 107, marina. Ingeniería Civil. Nº 159/2010, p. 115-124. Nº1. January-February 2010. p. 3-11.

Ruiz Arriaga, S. y García Sánchez-Colomer, M.R. Blanco, M. Geomembrane Sealing Systems for Análisis descriptivo de la “Dirección Ambiental Dams. Design principles and review of experience.

ANNEX 159 Bulletín 135 editado por la International Commi- the implementation of the Water Framework Di- sion on Large Dams. París. rective. Ambientalia, 2010.

Blanco, M. y García, F. Control periódico de barre- Mediero, L.; Jiménez, A. y Garrote, L. Design flood ras geosintéticas poliméricas (GBR-P) en Obras Hi- hydrographs from relationship between flood peak dráulicas durante el año 2009. Aislamiento e im- and volume. Hydrology and Earth System Scien- permeabilización, 55, p. 14-21. ces Nº 14 (2010), p. 2495-2505.

Campos, P.; Gadea, J.; Soriano, J.; Martín, A.; Cal- Plata Bedmar, A. y Salinas Rodríguez, J.L. Identi- derón, V. y Adán, I. Reactividad álcali-sílice y ál- ficación de flujos subterráneos en un medio hidro- cali-silicato en pizarras. Estudios Geológicos, geológicamente discontinuo de alta salinidad. In- 66(1), p. 91-98. geniería Civil. Nº 160/2010, p. 115-127.

De la Losa, A.: Moreno, L. y Núñez, I. Calidad quí- Poikane, S.; Alves, M.H.; Argillier, C.; Van den Berg, mica de las aguas subterráneas en una zona de M.; Buzzi, F.; Hoehn, E.; De Hoyos, C.; Karottki, I.; actividad minera (Cuenca del Bierzo- León). Bo- Laplace-Treyture, C.; Lyche Solheim, A.; Ortiz-Ca- letín Geológico y Minero, 121 (1), p. 103-122. sas, J.; Ott, I.; Phillips, G.; Pilke, A.; Padua, J.; Re- mec-Rekar, S.; Riedmuller, U.; Schaumburg, J.; Se- Domínguez, J.A.; Arancón C.; Alonso C.; Alonso A.; rrano, M.L.; Soszka, H.; Tierney, D.; Urbanic, G. y De Hoyos C. y Quesada A. Seguimiento del estado Wolfram, G. Defining Chlorophyll-a Reference Con- ecológico de las aguas continentales superficia- ditions in European Lakes. Environmental Mana- les españolas mediante imágenes MERIS. Revista gement, 45 p.1286–1298. de Teledetección 34, p. 29-35. Rochera, C., Justel, A., Fernández-Valiente, E., Ba- Fassnacht, S.R.; Toro, M.; Meiman, P.J. y Whitt, ñon, M., Rico, E., Toro, M., Camacho, A., Quesada, Z.C. The effect of aeolian deposition on the sur- A. Interannual meteorological variability and its ef- face roughness of meeting snow, Byers Penin- fects on a lake from maritime Antarctica. Polar Bio- sula, Antarctica. Hydrological Processes, 24, logy, 33(12), p. 1615-1628. p. 2007-2013. Rodríguez, A.; Bermúdez, M.; Rabuñal, J.; Puertas, Gadea, J.; Soriano, J.; Campos P.L.; Rodríguez, A.; J.; Dorado, J.; Pena, L. y Balairón, L. Optical Fish Junco, C.; Adan, I. y Calderon, V. Reactividad árido- Trajectory Measurement in Fishways Based on álcali en áridos empleados para hormigón. Ma- Computer Vision and Artificial Neural Networks. teriales de Construcción, 60, p. 69-78. ASCE Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering

Magdaleno, F. & Fernández Yuste, J.A. Hydromor- Soriano, J.; La Iglesia, A; García-Calleja, M.A. y Ló- phological alteration of a large mediterranean pez-Ruiz, J. Reactividad potencial de las rocas an- river: relative role of high and low flows on the desíticas de Cabo de Gata. Estudios Geológicos, evolution of riparian forests and channel mor- 66(1), p. 83-90. phology. River Research and Applications. DOI: 10.1002/rra.1368. Velasco, A.; Alaejos, P. y Soriano, J. Comparative study of the álcali-silica reaction (ASR) in granitic Manzanal, D.; Pastor, M.; Fernández Merodo, J.A. aggregates. Estudios Geológicos, 66(1); p. 105- y Mira, P. Based Generalized Plasticity Model for 114. Unsaturated Soil. Computer Modeling in Engine- ering and Sciences, Vol. 55, nº 3, A State Para- meters; CMES; p. 293-317.

Martínez, G.; Camacho, A. y Toro, M. Evaluation of the ecological status of natural lakes in Spain: Overview of the Works performed by the CEDEX for

160 ANNEX LIBROS Autónomo Parques Nacionales. Ministerio de Me- dio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino. 140 pp. ISBN Alaejos Gutiérrez, P. y Sánchez de Juan, M. Capítulo: 978-84-8014-782-8. Puente atirantado de hormigón armado con árido reciclado sobre el río Turia. Construcción Sosteni- TESIS DOCTORALES ble. Primeras experiencias en España. Universidad de Zaragoza. 236 pp. ISBN: 978-84-936583-6-6. López Gómez, D. Aplicaciones de la hidrodinámica suavizada de las partículas al estudio de fenó- García Sánchez-Colomer, M. y otros. Prescripcio- menos hidráulicos. Director: Garrote de Marcos, L. nes técnicas para la reducción de la fragmenta- UPM, ETSI Caminos, Canales y Puertos. 2010. ción de hábitats en las fases de planificación y tra- zado. Documentos para la reducción de la frag- DIPLOMAS DE ESTUDIOS AVANZADOS (DEA) mentación de hábitats causada por infraestructu- ras de transporte, número 3. Organismo Autónomo Luis Geraldes, V. Estudio sobre la utilización de Parques Nacionales. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente árido reciclado mixto en hormigón no estructu- y Medio Rural y Marino. 145 pp. ISBN 978-84- ral. Directores: Sánchez de Juan, M. y Alaejos, P. 8014-778-1. García Sánchez-Molina, C. Nuevos destinos de re- Martínez Beltrán, J. Capítulo 1: Integrated appro- siduos plásticos. Balizamiento de carreteras. Di- ach to address salinity problems in irrigated agri- rectora: Castillo Rubí, F. culture. Manejo da Salinidade na Agricultura: Es- tudos Básicos y Aplicados. Editores: Hans Raj Gheyi, Nildo da Silva Dias y Claudivan Feitosa de INFORMES TÉCNICOS EMITIDOS POR EL CEDEX Lacerda. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnolo- gia em Salinidade. Fortaleza, CE, Brasil. MINISTERIO DE FOMENTO

Martínez, J.M.; Estaire, J.; Blanco, M.; Mora, J.; Leiro, ADMINISTRADOR DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS A. García, F.; Balairón, L. y otros. Manual para el di- FERROVIARIAS (ADIF) seño, construcción, explotación y mantenimiento de balsas. Comité Nacional Español de Grandes Pre- 9. Seguimiento del comportamiento de estructu- sas. 272 pp. ISBN 978-84-89567-16-0. ras de puente en líneas de alta velocidad. Puen- tes con dispositivos antisísmicos. Olalla, C.; Hernández, L.E.; Rodríguez-Losada, J.A.; Informe: Dispositivos sismorresistentes para puen- Perucho, A. y González-Gallego, J. “Volcanic Rock tes. Informe preliminar sobre el viaducto de Sali- Mechanics. Rock Mechanics and Geo-engineering netas. in Volcanic Environments”. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group. 355 pp. ISBN 978-0-415-58478-4. 1. Seguimiento y asesoramiento geotécnico para el estudio de la instrumentación postconstructiva Rodríguez, J.; Díaz, M.F. y otros. Contribution of del túnel de El Regajal. the Spanish Network for Isotopes in Precipita- Informe: Informe resumen anual 2010. Trabajos tion and related modeling activities to characte- de la ficha 1 “Seguimiento y asesoramiento geo- rize water bodies and their evolution. European técnico para el estudio de la instrumentación pos- Groundwater Conference. Groundwater Protection tconstructiva del túnel de El Regajal”. in the UE. Proceedings. Madrid. 183 pp. Depósito legal: M-21625-2010. 8. Instrumentación permanente y seguimiento de la evolución del nuevo conjunto estructural del Ruiz Arriaga, S. y otros. Indicadores de fragmenta- puente del Candí. ción de hábitats causada por infraestructuras de Informe: Proyecto de instalación de instrumenta- transporte. Documentos para la reducción de la ción del tablero del Pont de Candí L.A.V. Madrid- fragmentación de hábitats causada por infraes- Barcelona (Tarragona). tructuras de transportes, número 4. Organismo

ANNEX 161 6. Estudios específicos para resolución de casos 8. Instrumentación permanente y seguimiento de puntuales y realización de ensayos geotécnicos de la evolución del nuevo conjunto estructural del laboratorio. puente del Candí. Informe: Análisis de la patología de un terraplén Informe: Proyecto de instalación de instrumenta- (subtramo río Cea-Bercianos del Real Camino; ción del tablero del Pont de Candí L.A.V. Madrid- tramo Palencia-León). Sin RC. Barcelona (Tarragona).

2. Seguimiento del comportamiento de secciones 6. Estudios específicos para resolución de casos de vía de alta velocidad mediante técnicas de ins- puntuales y realización de ensayos geotécnicos de trumentación. laboratorio. Informe: Instrumentación del terraplén de “El Are- Informe: Trabajos realizados en el tramo de L.A.V. nero” (Informe nº 10); línea AVE Madrid-Segovia- Madrid - Valencia. Tramo: Seseña - Aranjuez. Valladolid. Subtramo 1 (Sección 2ª). 2. Seguimiento del comportamiento de secciones 11. Validación o redefinición de las medidas pre- de vía de alta velocidad mediante técnicas de ins- ventivas y correctoras de impactos ambientales trumentación. implantadas en plataformas de alta velocidad. Informe: Instrumentación del terraplén de “El Are- Informe: Fase 1. Comprobación in situ. nero” (informe nº 9). Línea AVE Madrid-Segovia-Va- lladolid, subtramo 1 (sección 2ª). 13. Caracterización de la emisión acústica de los trenes de alta velocidad. 9. Análisis de la instrumentación dispuesta en el Informe: Actuación nº 13: Caracterización de la puente de Candí y propuesta de ampliación y/o de emisión acústica de los trenes de alta velocidad. ensayos complementarios. Informe: Informe resumen del seguimiento reali- 9. Análisis de la instrumentación dispuesta en el zado al viaducto sobre el barranco del Candí de puente de Candí y propuesta de ampliación y/o de la L.A.V. Madrid - Barcelona (Tarragona). ensayos complementarios. Informe: Informe final del seguimiento realizado al 9. Análisis de la instrumentación dispuesta en el viaducto sobre el barranco del Candí de la L.A.V. puente de Candí y propuesta de ampliación y/o de Madrid-Barcelona (Tarragona). ensayos complementarios. Informe: Informe sobre el cuarto ensayo dinámico 11. Validación o redefinición de las medidas pre- del Pont de Candí L.A.V. Madrid-Barcelona (Tarra- ventivas y correctoras de impactos ambienta- gona). les implantadas en plataformas de alta veloci- dad. AUTORIDAD PORTUARIA DE LA BAHÍA Informe: Fase 1. Revisión inicial y propuesta me- DE ALGECIRAS todológica. Realización de estudio del hormigón de cajones 7. Actualización de los artículos del PGP de relle- portuarios del muelle adosado al dique de abrigo nos y tratamientos con cal. del Puerto Bahía de Algeciras. Informe: Análisis de los datos de laboratorio pro- Informe: Estudio del hormigón de cajones portua- cedentes de la L.A.V. Bobadilla - Granada. Tramo: rios del muelle adosado al dique de abrigo del Tocón - Valderrubio (Granada). Puerto Bahía de Algeciras.

7. Actualización de los artículos del PGP de relle- AUTORIDAD PORTUARIA DE VIGO nos y tratamientos con cal. Informe: L.A.V. tramo: Bobadilla - Granada. Sub- Supervision de los planes de control del relleno y del tramo II: Peña de los Enamorados - Archidona. Aná- dragado en la obra “Mejora de Operatividad de los lisis de los ensayos realizados con materiales para Muelles Comerciales del Puerto de Vigo (1ª fase)”. ejecición de rellenos. Informe: Plan de control de la inocuidad para el m.a. de los materiales de relleno que pretenden usarse

162 ANNEX y de control de la adecuada inocuidad para el m.a. 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- de la ejecución del relleno y de las operaciones de ción General de Carreteras. dragado y de confinamiento de lodos en condicio- Informe: Nota de la visita realizada el día nes que garanticen la inocuidad para el m.a. 28/10/2010 al terraplén situado en el P.K. 99+600 de la CN-420 de Córdoba a Tarragona por COMISIÓN PERMANENTE DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE Cuenca. Tramo Fuencaliente-Valle de Alcudia. Tér- ACCIDENTES E INCIDENTES MARÍTIMOS (CIAIM) mino municipal de Fuencaliente (Ciudad Real).

Asistencia técnica en materias relacionadas con 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- accidentes e incidentes marítimos. gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. Informe: Buque: José Alumiña Informe: Viaducto de Molleda. A-48 P.K. 412/300 Informe: Buque: Canconio (Avilés Asturias). Informe: Buque: Pescabón Informe: Buque: Ficha Segundo 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE CARRETERAS Informe: Autovía A-42 P.K. 73. Puente sobre la N- 400 (Toledo). Diagnósis de la patología. 5. Seguimiento de mejoras en los indicadores de gestión y comportamiento de los firmes. 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- Informe: Estudio de la resistencia al deslizamiento gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. transversal y factores de los que depende. Informe: Ensayo dinámico del paso superior A-6 P.K. 147.00 CL-602 (Olmedo-Nava del Rey) en Me- 11. Terraplenes ejecutados con neumáticos fuera dina del Campo (Valladolid). de uso (NFU) sobre suelos blandos. Informe: Experiencias del Laboratorio de Geotec- 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- nia en la ejecución de rellenos viarios con neumá- ción General de Carreteras. ticos fuera de uso (NFU). Informe: Informe sobre patologías de cuatro tra- mos de la Red de Carreteras del Estado en la pro- 9. Continuación del inventario de canteras de ári- vincia de Cádiz. dos para capas de rodadura. Informe: Estado de los trabajos correspondien- 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- tes al año 2010. ción General de Carreteras. Informe: Informe sobre los movimientos detectados 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- en la ladera contigua al desmonte 8 del tramo Albu- gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. ñol - Adra, de la autovía A-7 en la provincia de Granada. Informe: Puente acceso sur al antiguo túnel de Vielha CN-230 P.K. 151/700 Vielha e Mijaran (Lleida). 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- Informe: Puente sobre el embalse de Contreras. ción General de Carreteras. autovía A-3 P.K. 247/100 (Valencia-Cuenca). Informe: Informe sobre las condiciones de esta- bilidad del terraplén situado en el P.K. 103 + 900 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- de la CN-420 de Córdoba a Tarragona por Cuenca. gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. Tramo Fuencaliente-Valle de Alcudia. Término mu- Informe: Segundo ensayo dinámico P.S. N-601.P.K. nicipal de Fuencaliente (Ciudad Real). 182+370. Camino de subida a Villar. Laguna del Duero (Valladolid). 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- ción General de Carreteras. 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Direc- Informe: Propuesta de actuaciones en el desliza- ción General de Carreteras. miento del P.K. 4 + 150 de la N-435: La Unión - Informe: Análisis de la estabilidad de los vertede- Portmán (Murcia). ros existentes en la carretera N-323.

ANNEX 163 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Dirección 9. Estudio histórico de los datos de básculas diná- General de Carreteras. micas y optimización de su empleo en conjunción Informe: Informe sobre las patologías existentes con la Red de Aforos de Tráfico. en tres puntos del terraplén de la CN-502 situado Informe: Principales resultados obtenidos en las en el entorno del P.K. 150+500, próximo a Belvis campañas de pesaje dinámico en la Red de Carre- de la Jara en la provincia de Toledo. teras del Estado en el periodo 1987-2003.

8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Dirección gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. General de Carreteras. Informe: Puente sobre el FFCC (Madrid-Zaragoza) Informe: Nota técnica sobre los problemas geotécni- N-II a P.K. 167 Arcos de Jalón (Soria). cos existentes en la autovía del Mediterráneo entre los PP.KK. 241+200 y 241+300 en la provincia de Málaga. 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Dirección General de Carreteras. 4. Seguimiento y análisis de la evolución temporal Informe: Deslizamiento en la ladera existente en- del nivel de ruido en diferentes tipos de capa de tre la autopista AP-7 y la carretera N-332 en la zona rodadura de la Red de Carreteras del Estado. de Mascarat, Altea (Alicante). Situación actual y Informe: Avance 2010 sobre el estado de la cues- propuesta de líneas de actuación. tión en torno al ruido de rodadura.

10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Dirección 6. Seguimiento de tramos de ensayo con mezclas General de Carreteras. bituminosas fabricadas con polvo de caucho pro- Informe: Recomendaciones para el tratamiento de cedente de neumáticos fuera de uso. los taludes en las obras de remodelación del en- Informe: Resultados de los ensayos y control del lace de la M-40 con la M-501 y M-511, P.K. 36+600 punto cero de los tramos. (Madrid). 6. Seguimiento de tramos de ensayo con mezclas 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- bituminosas fabricadas con polvo de caucho pro- gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. cedente de neumáticos fuera de uso. Informe: Informe sobre el ensayo dinámico del Informe: Dosificación de las mezclas bitumino- puente de los Santos sobre la ría Eo entre Galicia sas y control de ejecución de los tramos. y Asturias. 3. Evaluación comparativa de medidas tomadas 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- con distintos equipos de medida de característi- gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. cas superficiales de los pavimentos. Informe: Informe sobre el ensayo dinámico del Informe: Evaluación comparativa 2010 de medi- puente de Amposta (Tarragona). das tomadas con diferentes equipos de medida de la regularidad longitudinal. 10. Asistencia en materia geotécnica a la Dirección General de Carreteras 3. Evaluación comparativa de medidas tomadas Informe: Informe sobre la visita realizada al PK con distintos equipos de medida de característi- 447,7 de la carretera N-634 (Asturias). cas superficiales de los pavimentos. Informe: Evaluación comparativa 2009 de medi- 8. Realización de tareas de evaluación de patolo- das tomadas con diferentes equipos de medida gías de puentes y estructuras de carretera. de la regularidad transversal. Informe: Inspección de apoyos del puente “Arcos de Alconetar” sobre el río Tajo en el embalse de Al- 4. Seguimiento y análisis de la evolución temporal cántara. Autovía A-66 P.K. 519/700 (Cáceres). del nivel de ruido en diferentes tipos de capa de rodadura de la Red de Carreteras del Estado. 11. Ensayo sobre explanadas en la pista de firmes Informe: Resultados y análisis de la evolución tem- a escala real del CEDEX. poral del nivel de ruido en un tramo de la Autovía Informe: Informe final de ensayo - Ciclo 1.323.000 A-7, provincia de Málaga (2008-2009).

164 ANNEX 7. Colaboración en materia de seguimiento de las 5.1. Estudio de condiciones de clima marítimo en incidencias en los túneles en explotación de la Red el transcurso de accidentes de buques. de Carreteras del Estado. Informe: Buque: Cunchiñas. Informe: Informe de entrega de la aplicación web BIT depurada y propuesta de mejoras adicionales. 1.1. Apoyo en relación con los convenios auspicia- dos por la OMI. 7. Colaboración en materia de seguimiento de las Informe: Período de sesiones extraordinario de los incidencias en los túneles en explotación de la Red Grupos científicos del Convenio de Londres y del de Carreteras del Estado. Protocolo. Informe: Propuesta de Informe Bienal 2007-2008. 1.4. Participación, en los años 2008, 2009 y 2010, 3. Evaluación comparativa de medidas tomadas en los ejercicios de intercomparación del Conve- con distintos equipos de medida de característi- nio de Bonn. cas superficiales de los pavimentos. Informe: Resultados del ejercicio de intercalibra- Informe: Evaluación comparativa 2010 de medi- ción de muestras de derrames de hidrocarburos das del rozamiento transversal tomadas con equi- Bonn-OSINET (RR-2010). pos del tipo SCRIM. 1.2. Apoyo en relación con los convenios OSPAR DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MARINA MERCANTE y Barcelona. Informe: Resumen de actividades. Julio 2009 - di- 1.4. Participación, en los años 2008, 2009 y 2010, ciembre 2010. en los ejercicios de intercomparación del Conve- nio de Bonn. 4. Trabajos analíticos encaminados a la identifica- Informe: Sixth Expert Meeting Bonn-Osinet, cele- ción de culpables en casos de derrames de hi- brado en Linköping (Suecia) 13-15 abril de 2010. drocarburos desde buques. Informe: Análisis de muestras en relación con un 2.3. Apoyo en la tramitación de solicitudes de ho- incidente de contaminación en la dársena pes- mologación de productos para la lucha contra la quera del puerto de Alicante (16 julio 2010). contaminación por hidrocarburos. Informe: Dictamen sobre el producto dispersante 1.1. Apoyo en relación con los convenios auspicia- NTI53 E101 S.P. NATB. STIM.-1. dos por la OMI. Informe: 32ª Reunión Consultiva de las Partes Con- 1.2. Apoyo en relación con los convenios OSPAR tratantes del Protocolo de Londres. 5ª Reunión de y Barcelona. las Partes Contratantes del Protocolo de Londres. Informe: Estrategia mediterránea sobre la gestión del agua de lastre de los barcos y las especies in- 5.3. Establecimiento de los protocolos de acceso vasivas. a datos climáticos en los caladeros españoles. Informe: Establecimiento de los protocolos de ac- 6.2. Estudios de simulación de maniobras en zo- ceso a datos climáticos en los caladeros españo- nas exteriores de puertos. les. Informe Final. Informe: Análisis de las condiciones meteorológi- cas límite de permanencia de buques fondeados 7. Actualización, desarrollo y mejora de las bases en el área de Bilbao y en el interior del puerto. de datos y sistemas de ayuda a la toma de deci- siones en relación con lugares de refugio. 3.2. Apoyo científico y técnico en la adopción de Informe: Diseño del sistema de ayuda y bases de decisiones sobre el empleo de dispersantes. En- datos asociadas. sayos de Laboratorio. Informe: Apoyo científico y técnico en la adopción 2.1. Seguimiento y actualización de la normativa de decisiones sobre el empleo de dispersantes. sobre utilización de dispersantes. Ensayos de Laboratorio. Informe: Seguimiento y actualización de la norma- tiva sobre utilización de dispersantes.

ANNEX 165 4. Trabajos analíticos encaminados a la identifica- Informe: Cálculo de la altura representativa de la ción de culpables en casos de derrames de hi- ola en las rutas españolas de navegación marítima drocarburos desde buques. de buques de pasaje de transbordo rodado. Informe: Análisis de una muestra procedente de la Capitanía Marítima de Vigo, tomada en el buque 2.3. Apoyo en la tramitación de solicitudes de ho- “Amor Saco” (7-Junio-2010). mologación de productos para la lucha contra la contaminación por hidrocarburos. 2.3. Apoyo en la tramitación de solicitudes de ho- Informe: Dictámen sobre los productos AQ-11 y mologación de productos para la lucha contra la VER-QUIM2. contaminación por hidrocarburos. Informe: Dictámen sobre el producto de biorreme- PUERTOS DEL ESTADO diación ELSC. Puerto de Las Palmas. Ensayos en modelo físico 1.3. Apoyo en relación con los órganos de la UE. 3D de agitación y barcos atracados de la amplia- Informe: Seminario de la Agencia Europea de Se- ción del puerto. guridad Marítima sobre muestreo y análisis de Informe: Ensayos de barcos atracados. agua de lastre. Puerto de Cádiz. Estudio en modelo físico 3D de 1.1. Apoyo en relación con los convenios auspicia- agitación y barcos atracados de la nueva termi- dos por la OMI. nal de contenedores. Informe: Actividades relacionadas con el 60º pe- Informe: Estudio en modelo físico 3D de agitación ríodo de sesiones del Comité de Protección del Me- y barcos atracados de la nueva terminal de con- dio Marino (MPEC 60). tenedores del Puerto de la Bahía de Cádiz (amplia- ción). Tomo I. Ensayos de Agitación. 2.2. Elaboración de una Norma para utilización y homologación de otros productos para la lucha Puerto de Avilés. Ensayo de la segunda fase del di- contra la contaminación por hidrocarburos. que de contención de arenas. Informe: Propuesta de norma para la utilización Informe: Ensayo de la segunda fase del dique de y homologación de productos absorbentes. contención de arenas del Puerto de Avilés.

1.1. Apoyo en relación con los convenios auspicia- Análisis de las cadenas de transporte internacio- dos por la OMI. nal de mercancías del grupo siderúrgico que se Informe: Actividades relacionadas con el 14º pe- apoyan en puertos españoles. ríodo de sesiones del Subcomité de Transporte de Informe: Descripción de las Cadenas. Líquidos y Gases a Granel (BLG 14). Puerto de Alicante. 5.1. Estudio de condiciones de clima marítimo en Informe: Estudio de maniobra de buques en la dár- el transcurso de accidentes de buques. sena central y exterior. Informe: Buques: XA ME VEDES - SPORT. Puerto de Avilés. 2.3. Apoyo en la tramitación de solicitudes de ho- Informe: Estudio de los hormigones estructura- mologación de productos para la lucha contra la les del muelle Raíces (Avilés). Inspección y ensa- contaminación por hidrocarburos. yos de campo. Informe: Dictamen sobre el producto absorbente Biomatrix Gold/Spill Sorb. Análisis de las cadenas de transporte internacio- nal de mercancías del grupo siderúrgico que se 5.4. Definición de las zonas de navegación marí- apoyan en puertos españoles. timas de toda la fachada costera peninsular e in- Informe: Tercer avance de informe: Entrevistas rea- sular española, de acuerdo a las prescripciones lizadas con el fin de caracterizar la cadena logística recogidas en el Real Decreto que transpone la Di- y de transporte. rectiva 98/18/CE, fase II.

166 ANNEX Esfuerzos y rebases sobre espaldones de diques Metodología para la medida mediante instrumen- verticales y en talud. tación de empujes producidos por rellenos en el Informe: Contraste de las formulaciones recogidas trasdós de cajones portuarios. en el estado del arte de las investigaciones so- bre esfuezos y rebases en espaldones de diques Metodología para la medida mediante instrumen- verticales y en talud con los resultados de ensa- tación de parámetros geotécnicos en cimentación yos en modelo físico realizados en el CEDEX. de diques portuarios.

Puerto de Gijón. Asistencia geotécnica permanente a los puertos Informe: Estudio de maniobras de acceso al puerto del Estado. Año 2010 exterior. Colaboración con SASEMAR. Informe: Nota técnica sobre propuesta de instru- mentación geotécnica complementaria. Nueva ter- Puerto de Las Palmas. minal de contenedores en Cádiz. Informe: Ensayos en modelo físico 3D de agitación y barcos atracados de la ampliación del puerto. Puerto de A Coruña. Ensayos de agitación. Informe final. Informe: Estudio de agitación para el proyecto de ampliación de las nuevas instalaciones en Punta Asistencia geotécnica permanente a los puertos Langosteira. del Estado. Año 2010. Informe: Informe sobre el análisis de la estabilidad Puerto de Alicante. de las plataformas Kack-up sobre una banqueta Informe: Estudio de agitación para el proyecto de granular, en el Muelle Reina Sofía del Puerto de remodelización de las instalaciones del puerto las Palmas. de Alicante.

Inventario de dragados en los puertos españoles. Puerto de Cádiz. Informe: Actualización 2009. Informe: Estudio en modelo físico 3D de agitación y barcos atracados de la nueva terminal de con- Puerto de Málaga. tenedores del Puerto de la Bahía de Cádiz (amplia- Informe: Estudio de la modificación de las obras ción). Adenda: Ensayos adicionales. Tomo II. Ensa- de abrigo de la dársena de San Andrés. yos de barcos atracados.

Puerto de Villagarcía. Puerto de La Coruña. Informe: Seguimiento ambiental de las obras de Informe: Ensayo 3D en tanque de oleaje multidi- dragado y vertido, y caracterización de los sedi- reccional de una variante de sección tipo y morro mentos en el puerto (Segunda Campaña Oceano- del dique del puerto exterior de La Coruña. gráfica). Puerto de Barcelona. Puerto de Alicante. Informe: Estudio de rebases en el dique de la bo- Informe: Estudio de ondas largas en la dársena ex- cana norte del Puerto de Barcelona. terior del puerto de Alicante. Puerto de Marín. Asistencia geotécnica permanente a los puertos Informe: Estudio de maniobra de buques en los del Estado. Año 2010 muelles comerciales del puerto. Informe: Análisis de los resultados de los ensa- yos de laboratorio realizados sobre muestras pro- Puerto de Cádiz. cedentes de la ampliación sur del muelle Juan Gon- Informe: Estudio en modelo físico 3D de agitación zalo (puerto de Huelva). y barcos atracados de la nueva terminal de con- tenedores del Puerto de la Bahía de Cádiz (amplia- Puerto de Valencia. ción). Adenda: Ensayos adicionales. Tomo I. En- Informe: Ensayo de perfiles adosados a paramentos sayos de agitación y onda larga. verticales para disipación de energía del oleaje.

ANNEX 167 Puerto de Alicante. Ensayo en modelo físico de la reposición de blo- Informe: Obtención y análisis de datos para mini- ques en el morro del dique de Punta Lucero del mizar la agitación en la dársena exterior del puerto. Puerto de Bilbao. Informe: Ensayo en modelo físico de la reposición Asistencia geotécnica permanente a los puertos de bloques en el morro del dique de Punta Lucero del Estado. Año 2010. del Puerto de Bilbao. Informe: Construcción del desarrollo portuario de la fase I en la margen derecha de la Ría de Avi- Análisis de las cadenas de transporte internacio- lés. Valoración del talud de dragado. nal de mercancías del grupo siderúrgico que se apoyan en puertos españoles. Análisis de las cadenas de transporte internacio- Informe: Segundo avance de informe sobre las ca- nal de mercancías del grupo siderúrgico que se denas de transporte internacional de mercancías apoyan en puertos españoles. del grupo siderúrgico que se apoyan en los puer- Informe: Primer avance de informe sobre las ca- tos españoles. denas de transporte internacional de mercancías del grupo siderúrgico que se apoyan en puertos Integración de las bases de datos de Puertos del españoles. Estado y de la AEAT para la identificación del hin- terland de los puertos españoles. Propuesta de especificaciones para la realización Informe: Validación de los resultados obtenidos de cartografía de apoyo a la toma de decisión so- con la aplicación informática “Simulador del Hin- bre accesos terrestres a los puertos españoles. terland de los Puertos Españoles”. Informe: Informe con la propuesta de especifica- ciones para la realización de la serie cartográfica. RENFE OPERADORA

Puerto de Ferrol. 2. Apoyo técnico en las pruebas de aceptación Informe: Características del temporal de enero de los equipos ERTMS instalados en los trenes de 2009 en el dique de abrigo del puerto exterior de RENFE-Operadora. de Ferrol. Informe: Informe de trabajos desarrollados en el año 2009. Puerto de Tenerife. Informe: Estudio de corrientes en el puerto de SECRETARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Seguimiento, análisis y desarrollo de la reglamen- Integración de las bases de datos de Puertos del tación relativa a estructuras y la elaboración de Estado y de la AEAT para la identificación del hin- propuestas para la aplicación de la normativa téc- terland de los puertos españoles. nica europea relacionada. Informe: Utilización de la herramienta “Simula- Informe: Traducción al inglés de la Instrucción dor del Hinterland Portuario” para analizar la ca- EHE 08. dena de transporte de vehículos terminados del sector automoción. MINISTERIO DE MEDIO AMBIENTE Puerto de La Coruña. Informe: Ensayo 2D, en canal de gran escala, de AGUAS DE LAS CUENCAS MEDITERRÁNEAS, S.A. variantes de la sección tipo y de fases constructi- (ACUAMED) vas del tramo principal del dique del puerto exte- rior de La Coruña. Asistencia técnica para el diseño, construcción y vigilancia ambiental de los dispositivos de ver- Puerto de Bilbao. tido al mar de efluentes líquidos. Informe: Estudio de agitación en la dársena de la Informe: Comparación de la simulación de verti- ampliación del puerto de Bilbao en el abra exte- dos de salmuera realizados con las nuevas versio- rior con la configuración definitiva de muelles. nes de Cormix.

168 ANNEX Asistencia técnica para el diseño, construcción y Informe: Actividades año 2010. Informes A2-T1, vigilancia ambiental de los dispositivos de ver- A2-T2, A2-T3, A2-T4 y A2-T5. tido al mar de efluentes líquidos. Informe: Optimización del diseño del sistema de 7. Asistencia técnica en la evaluación de impacto vertido de la desaladora de Denia. ambiental de vertidos líquidos y de actuaciones en el medio marino. DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE CALIDAD Y EVALUACIÓN Informe: Informe sobre el posible impacto del ver- AMBIENTAL tido al mar de la planta desalobradora de la balsa del sapo por el emisario de la Romanilla (Proyecto 10. Utilización de las fracciones granulométricas 20070310DES). finas de los áridos reciclados de hormigón. Informe: Utilización de las fracciones granulomé- 4. Asistencia técnica, investigación y desarrollo tricas finas de los áridos reciclados de hormigón. tecnológico en materia de evaluación ambiental Caracterización de arenas recicladas. estratégica (EAE). Informe: A4-T1I3. Evaluación ambiental de azudes 8. Experiencia piloto en estructuras con hormigón en cauces mediterráneos. Criterios para su con- realizado con árido reciclado. servación o demolición. Informe: Experiencia piloto de hormigón reciclado estructural. 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de impacto ambiental. 13. Estudio sobre generación, caracterización y Informe: A3-T4I3. Seguimiento ambiental del pro- destino de los materiales de dragado. yecto “Ampliación del Puerto de Sagunto (Valen- Informe: Recopilación y análisis de información so- cia) y modificación de la ampliación del Puerto bre materiales de dragado. de Sagunto (Valencia)”. Fase II de obras (Fases II, III y IV). Años 2007 a 2009. 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de impacto ambiental. 5. Diseño, evaluación y seguimiento de medidas Informe: Informe de evaluación del estudio de im- de reducción de la accidentalidad de las aves en pacto ambiental del proyecto 20070589GPR (em- infraestructuras de transporte. balse de Biscarrués en el río Gállego). Informe: Informe A5-T1. Tipificación del trazado y muestreo de la avifauna en el entorno de una lí- 8. Catálogo de residuos utilizables en construcción nea de alta velocidad en construcción. y su mantenimiento. Informe: Jornada de presentación del Catálogo de 4. Asistencia técnica, investigación y desarrollo residuos utilizables en construcción. tecnológico en materia de evaluación ambiental estratégica (EAE). 8. Catálogo de residuos utilizables en construcción Informe: A4-T1I2. Contestación a consultas pre- y su mantenimiento. vias para la evaluación ambiental del “Plan Di- Informe: Actualización del catálogo de residuos uti- rector de Infraestructuras de la Nueva Dársena de lizables en construcción. Cartagena” Expediente 2010P001PU.

1.1. Asistencia técnica para trabajos relacionados 4. Asistencia técnica, investigación y desarrollo con la aplicación de la legislación en materia de tecnológico en materia de evaluación ambiental ruido ambiental. estratégica (EAE). Informe: Trabajos relacionados con la aplicación Informe: A4-T2I4. Análisis de efectividad y estudio de la legislación en materia de ruido ambiental. de alternativas para el desarrollo de dispositivos Actividades año 2010: Informes A1-T1, A1-J1 y antierosivos y mecanismos de mejora ambiental A1-T2. de zonas sensibles en taludes de infraestructuras lineales. 2. Actualización, mantenimiento y explotación del sistema básico de información sobre el ruido.

ANNEX 169 4. Asistencia técnica, investigación y desarrollo cia) y modificación de la ampliación del Puerto tecnológico en materia de evaluación ambiental de Sagunto (Valencia)”. Años 2005 al 2007. estratégica (EAE). Informe: A4-T2I3. Revisión de las alternativas para 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de reducir los efectos ambientales derivados del es- impacto ambiental. parcimiento de sales en carreteras. Recomenda- Informe: A3-T2I4-b. Informe para la evaluación de ciones y propuestas de evaluación y seguimiento. impacto ambiental del proyecto 20080046GPR “Recrecimiento de la presa del Tejo. T.M. El Espi- 9. Utilización de áridos gruesos mixtos (cerámico nar (Segovia)”. y hormigón) procedentes del tratamiento de resi- duos de demolición (RCD) en la fabricación de hor- 7. Asistencia técnica en la evaluación de impacto migón no estructural. ambiental de vertidos líquidos y de actuaciones Informe: Utilización de áridos gruesos mixtos (ce- en el medio marino. rámico y hormigón) procedentes del tratamiento Informe: Metodología para evaluar el riesgo de de residuos de democición (RCD) en la fabricación afección de la costa onubense por la explotación de hormigón no estructural. de las instalaciones de recepción de crudos de la refinería de Balboa. 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de impacto ambiental 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de Informe: A3-T2I4-c. Informe para la evaluación de impacto ambiental. impacto ambiental del proyecto 20050197 “Obra Informe: A3-T2I1-a. Contestación a consulta sobre civil para ampliación de caudal de la minicentral alcance de la evaluación de impacto ambiental del hidroeléctrica de Cárcar, situada en la margen iz- proyecto 20080435ENC Acondicionamiento del quierda del río Ega, TTMM de Cárcar y Lerín (Na- río Júcar entre Carcaixent y la autopista A-7 (Valen- varra)”. cia).

7. Asistencia técnica en la evaluación de impacto 3.2. Seguimiento ambiental de obras portuarias. ambiental de vertidos líquidos y de actuaciones Informe: Seguimiento ambiental del proyecto de en el medio marino. “Dragado de las zonas I y II de las aguas del puerto Informe: Informe sobre la caracterización de are- de Gijón para la obtención de materiales con des- nas para las obras de emergencia de recuperación tino a la obra de ampliación del puerto”. Avance de diversas playas de Huelva. A3T313.

3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de 7. Asistencia técnica en la evaluación de impacto impacto ambiental. ambiental de vertidos líquidos y de actuaciones Informe: A3-T3I4. Seguimiento ambiental del pro- en el medio marino. yecto “Nuevas instalaciones del puerto de La Co- Informe: Contestación a consulta sobre alcance ruña en Punta Langosteira (La Coruña)”. Fase I de la evaluación de impacto ambiental del proyecto de las obras. Año 2008. 20100004 “Desalación para la zona de la Ma- rina Alta”. 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de impacto ambiental. 6. Creación y desarrollo de aplicaciones de con- Informe: A3-T1I2. Contestación a la consulta del sulta de un sistema de geodatos y declaraciones proyecto 20090278MIN “Concesión para explota- de impacto ambiental asociadas a infraestructu- ción de yacimientos de hidrocarburos denominada ras situadas en los litorales mediterráneo, atlán- Lora”. tico sur y canario. Informe: Informe A6-T2. Creación y desarrollo de 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de una aplicación de consulta de geodatos y DIA aso- impacto ambiental. ciadas a infraestructuras situadas en los litora- Informe: A3-T4I2. Seguimiento ambiental del pro- les mediterráneos, atlántico sur y canario: reco- yecto “Ampliación del Puerto de Sagunto (Valen- pilación de información de Granada y Málaga.

170 ANNEX 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DE SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA impacto ambiental. COSTA Y DEL MAR Informe: A3-T2I3. Contestación a consulta sobre decisión de evaluación de impacto ambiental del 6.2. Seguimiento de la evolución ambiental y ecoló- proyecto 20090393PER, Restauración del río Al- gica en zonas de dominio público marítimo-terrestre. monte. Tramos: alto y medio. TT.MM. varios (Cáce- Informe: Reordenación del Paseo Marítimo de La res). Mamola, remodelación de su sistema de defensas y regeneración de la playa. Tercera campaña. 7. Asistencia técnica en la evaluación de impacto ambiental de vertidos líquidos y de actuaciones 4.7. Evaluación del impacto de instalaciones de en el medio marino. energía eólica fuera de la costa. Informe: Informe para la evaluación de impacto Informe: Evaluación del impacto de instalaciones ambiental del proyecto de “Rehabilitación me- de energía eólica fuera de la costa. dioambiental de la fachada costera del casco ur- bano de Altea (Alicante)”. 3.2. Preparación de la estrategia marina española según las disposiciones de la Directiva Marina Eu- 3.1. Asistencia técnica en temas de evaluación de ropea. impacto ambiental. Informe: Análisis de los planes territoriales de con- Informe: A3-T2I4-a. Contestación a consulta sobre tingencia por contaminación marina accidental decisión de evaluación de impacto ambiental del proyecto “Aprovechamiento hidroeléctrico del 5.3.4 - Seguimiento de la playa de Salinas (Avilés). cauce del río Esera. Minicentral de Sanaliestra. TM Fase 2010-2012. Perarrúa (Huesca) y otros”. Informe: Seguimiento de la evolución morfodiná- mica de la playa de Salinas y bocana del puerto 11. Utilización de escorias de incineradores ur- de Avilés. Fase 2010. banos en carreteras (II). Informe: Estudio de caracterización de escorias ge- 5.5. Estudio de aspectos ambientales de actua- neradas en la planta de incineración de residuos ur- ciones en diversos puntos del litoral español. banos de SIRUSA para su empleo en la construcción Informe: Adenda al informe parcial: Análisis y me- de carreteras. didas correctoras de las inestabilidades produci- das en febrero de 2009 en el talud litoral de la 12. Seguimiento y participación en el desarrollo playa de Área Longa (Lugo). de los trabajos de normalización europeos sobre el establecimiento de criterios medioambientales 3.1. Apoyo técnico para la redacción de los planes en la utilización de áridos en carreteras. de cuenca en relación con la Directiva Marco de Informe: Seguimiento y análisis de las actuacio- Aguas. nes desarrolladas por los Comités CEN/TC 154 y Informe: Reunión del grupo general de intercali- CEN/ TC 227 y sus comités espejo nacionales. bración en aguas costeras y de transición (COAST) de la Estrategia Común de Implantación de la Di- 12. Seguimiento y participación en el desarrollo rectiva Marco del Agua. de los trabajos de normalización europeos sobre el establecimiento de criterios medioambientales 2.3. Evaluación de zonas costeras en riesgos de en la utilización de áridos en carreteras. inundación. Informe: Estudio retrospectivo de las actuaciones Informe: Evaluación preliminar de riesgos de inun- desarrolladas por el CCEN/TC 154 y CEN/TC 227 dación en las zonas costeras de la Demarcación y sus comités espejo nacionales en relación con Hidrográfica del Júcar. las exigencias ambientales de aplicación a ári- dos procedentes de residuos y subproductos in- 5.3.3. Seguimiento de la playa de Horcas Colora- dustriales empleados en la construcción de capas das (Melilla). Fase 2010-2012. de firme de carreteras. Informe: Seguimiento de la playa de Horcas Colo- radas (Melilla). Fase 2010-2012.

ANNEX 171 2.3. Evaluación de zonas costeras en riesgos de Informe: Estudio de campo de sedimentos en sus- inundación. pensión y corrientes en puntos de especial com- Informe: Evaluación preliminar de riesgos de inun- plejidad. dación en las zonas costeras de la Demarcación Hidrográfica del Segura. 3.2.2. Experimentación sobre remonte en playas. Informe: Experimentación sobre remonte en playas. 2.2. Apoyo en la elaboración de las estrategias ma- rinas de las demarcaciones marinas españolas de 4.6. Ensayos sistemáticos en modelo físico a es- acuerdo con la Directiva Marco de Estrategia Marina. cala reducida de estructuras costeras. Informe: Talleres de la Red Eionet (Agencia Euro- Informe: Ensayos de espigones sumergidos. pea del Medio Ambiente) sobre información costera, marina y marítima. Copenhague (25-26/11/2010). 5.2.3. Ensayos en modelo reducido 3D de compor- tamiento de playas. Estudio en modelo físico 3D 5.2.2. Ensayos en modelo reducido 3D de compor- de las obras de protección del frente costero de tamiento de playas. Playa de Puerto de Naos (isla Santa Cruz de La Palma (isla de La Palma). de La Palma). Informe: Estudio en modelo físico 3D de las obras Informe: Ensayos en modelo reducido 3D de com- de protección del frente costero de Santa Cruz de portamiento de playas. Playa de Puerto de Naos La Palma (isla de La Palma). (isla de La Palma). 2.1. Apoyo técnico para la actualización y mejora 6.2. Seguimiento de la evolución ambiental y eco- del proceso de planificación hidrológica en los as- lógica en zonas de dominio público marítimo-te- pectos relativos a las aguas costeras y de transi- rrestre. ción. Informe: Propuesta de Guía metodológica para el Informe: Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Es- diseño y ejecución de programas de vigilancia am- tado Eológico (ECOSTAT) de la Estrategia Común biental en actuaciones de regeneración de playas. de Implantación de la Directiva Marco del Agua. Bruselas, abril de 2010. 2.1. Apoyo técnico para la actualización y mejora del proceso de planificación hidrológica en los aspectos 4.8. Caracterización florística y ecológica de la relativos a las aguas costeras y de transición. vegetación de las marismas y sistemas dunares Informe: Discusión y establecimiento de indicado- de la costa mediterránea. Fase I. res fisicoquímicos para la evaluación del estado Informe: Caracterización ecológica de la vegeta- de las aguas costeras en el Mediterráneo según ción de dunas, marismas, saladares y marjales en las disposiciones de la Directiva Marco del Agua. la costa catalana.

2.1. Apoyo técnico para la actualización y mejora del 4.4. Análisis de la playa de Salinas (Castrillón-As- proceso de planificación hidrológica en los aspectos turias) y posibles mejoras de su comportamiento. relativos a las aguas costeras y de transición. Informe: Análisis de la playa de Salinas (Castrillón- Informe: Reunión del Grupo de Trabajo sobre Es- Asturias) y posibles mejoras de su comportamiento tado Ecológico (ECOSTAT) de la Estrategia Común de Implantación de la Directiva Marco del Agua. 3.1. Apoyo técnico para la redacción de los planes Ispra (Italia), Octubre 2010. de cuenca en relación con la Directiva Marco de Aguas. Informe: Reunión del grupo geográfico de inter- 4.3. Estudios ambientales de actuaciones especí- calibración de la ecoregión mediterránea para ficas. aguas costeras y de transición (Estrategia Común Informe: Evaluación de los análisis de los sedimen- de Implantación de la Directiva Marco del Agua). tos arenosos del puerto de Isla Cristina (Huelva) Roma, febrero de 2010. para su utilización en regeneración de playas. 2.1. Colaboración en el convenio OSPAR. 4.4. Estudio de campo de sedimentos en suspen- Informe: Reunión del Comité de Eutrofización sión y corrientes en puntos de especial complejidad. EUC(2) 2009.

172 ANNEX 6.2. Seguimiento de la evolución ambiental y eco- 12. Actualización e implementación de nuevas tec- lógica en zonas de dominio público marítimo-te- nologías en el Sistema Español de Información so- rrestre. bre el Agua HISPAGUA. Informe: Caracterización de los sedimentos del ca- Informe: Actualización e implementación de nue- nal internacional del ferry A Guarda - Caminha. vas tecnologías en el Sistema Español de Informa- ción sobre el Agua HISPAGUA. 6.1.2. Seguimiento de la playa de La Zurriola (Gui- púzcoa). Fase 2007-2009. 1. Tratamiento de lodos procedentes de la depu- Informe: Seguimiento de las playas de La Concha ración de aguas residuales. Directiva 86/278/CEE. y Ondarreta (San Sebastián). 1994-2009. Informe: Estudio sobre el funcionamiento de las EDAR del Alto Duero (Soria). DIRECCIÓN GENERAL DEL AGUA 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. 14 - Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. Informe: Análisis de los problemas detectados en Informe: Depuradora de Galindo. Informe sobre la presa de Santa Lucía de la Sierra (Ávila). los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa 1 del reactor biológico hasta 13 de noviembre de 9. Estudio metodológico sobre la definición y es- 2009. tablecimiento de regímenes de caudales ambien- tales. 10.1. Participación en el Sistema Euro Mediterrá- Informe: Caracterización del estado de las forma- neo de Información del Agua (SEMIDE/EMWIS) y ciones vegetales riparias del río Tajo, en el tramo en el mantenimiento de su Unidad Técnica. fluvial comprendido entre Bolarque y Aranjuez. Informe: Participación en el Sistema Euro Medi- terráneo de Información del Agua (SEMIDE/EM- 15. Reconocimiento y estudio geotécnico. WIS) y en el mantenimiento de su Unidad Técnica Informe: Ensayos geofísicos en la presa de Búrdalo (Cáceres). 1. Efecto del cambio climático en los recursos hí- dricos en régimen natural. 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. Informe: Ficha 1: Evaluación del impacto del cam- Informe: Depuradora de Galindo. Informe sobre bio climático en los recursos hídricos en régimen los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa natural. Sin FT. 1 del reactor biológico hasta 29 de septiembre de 2010. 11. Mantenimiento y actualización del Sistema Ibe- roamericano de Información del Agua SIAGUA. 1. Tratamiento de lodos procedentes de la depu- Informe: Mantenimiento y actualización del Sis- ración de aguas residuales. Directiva 86/278/CEE. tema Iberoamericano de Información del Agua SIA- Informe: Estudio sobre el pretratamiento de fan- GUA 2010. gos de depuradora mediante tecnología ultrasó- nica. 18. Análisis radiológico de las aguas potables de consumo público de la red primaria que gestiona 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. la Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla (cua- Informe: Depuradora de Galindo. Informe sobre tro años hidráulicos). los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa Informe: Avance de resultados correspondientes 5 del reactor biológico hasta 29 de julio de 2010. al último año hidrológico. Sin FT. 9. Estudio metodológico sobre la definición y es- 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental tablecimiento de regímenes de caudales ambien- de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- tales. dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. Informe: Calibrado del mapa nacional de hidrorre- Informe: Año hidráulico 2009-2010 - Avance de re- giones en las demarcaciones hidrográficas del sultados. Ebro y del Duero para la extrapolación de regíme- nes de caudales ambientales.

ANNEX 173 15. Reconocimiento y estudio geotécnico 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. Informe: Ensayos geotécnicos realizados con ma- Informe: Depuradora de Galindo: Informe sobre teriales de la basa de Llano del Cadimo (Jaén). los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa 3 del reactor biológico hasta 22 de marzo de 2010. 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. Informe: Depuradora de Galindo. Informe sobre 9. Estudio metodológico sobre la definición y es- los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa tablecimiento de regímenes de caudales ambien- 6 del reactor biológico hasta 25 de mayo de 2010. tales. Informe: Agrupación y simplificación del mapa na- 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. cional de hidroregiones para su aplicación en el Informe: Ensayos geofísicos en la presa de Santa cálculo de regímenes de caudales ambientales. Lucía (Ávila). 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- Informe: Ensayos geofísicos en la presa de Santa dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. Lucía (Ávila) (2ª campaña). Informe: Año hidráulico 2008-2009.

17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental 8.1. Actualización de los ecotipos en las masas de de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- agua superficiales y asistencia técnica en el di- dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. seño del sistema de clasificación del estado eco- Informe: Año hidráulico 2008-2009. lógico; condiciones de referencia y establecimiento de clases ecológicas: ríos, lagos y embalses. 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental Informe: Establecimiento de condiciones de refe- de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- rencia y valores frontera entre clases deestado eco- dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. lógigo en masas de agua de la categoría lago para Informe: Año hidráulico 2008-2009. los elementos de calidad “composición, abundan- cia y biomasa de fitoplacton” y “composición, y 16.1.1. Identificación molecular de cianobacterias abundancia de otro tipo de flora acuática”, en apli- potencialmente productoras de toxinas, análisis cación de la dir. de cianotoxicidad y bioensayo de toxicidad me- diante nuevos métodos. Campaña 2008. 8.1. Actualización de los ecotipos en las masas de Informe: Estudio de toxicidad en los embalses del agua superficiales y asistencia técnica en el di- duero (Pontón Alto, Serones y las Vencias), Tajo (Be- seño del sistema de clasificación del estado eco- ceas, Miraflores y Navalcán), Guadiana (Alange, Gas- lógico; condiciones de referencia y establecimiento set y Vega de Jabalón) y Júcar (Arquillo de San Blas). de clases ecológicas: ríos, lagos y embalses. Informe: Selección de métricas para la evaluación 11. Mantenimiento y actualización del Sistema Ibe- del estado ecológico de las masas de agua de la roamericano de Información del Agua SIAGUA. categoría “lagos” basadas en el elemento de calidad Informe: Avance 2009. “composición, abundancia y biomasa de fitoplac- ton”, en aplicación de la directiva marco del agua. 8.2. Asistencia técnica en el proceso de intercali- bración del GIG europeo sobre lagos mediterrá- 8.1. Actualización de los ecotipos en las masas de neos (embalses). agua superficiales y asistencia técnica en el di- Informe: Revisión de los embalses asignados como seño del sistema de clasificación del estado eco- máximo potencial ecológico y de los datos de em- lógico; condiciones de referencia y establecimiento balses de la base de datos del MARM. de clases ecológicas: ríos, lagos y embalses. Informe: Selección de métricas para la evaluación 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental del estado ecológico de las masas de agua de la ca- de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- tegoría “lagos” basadas en el elemento de calidad dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. “composición, y abundancia de otro tipo de flora acuá- Informe: Año hidráulico 2008-2009. tica”, en aplicación de la directiva marco del agua.

174 ANNEX 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental PUERTOS DEL ESTADO de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. 5.3.4. Seguimiento de la playa de Salinas (Avilés). Informe: Informe para la Agencia Vasca del Agua. Informe: Fase 2010-2012. Año hidráulico 2008-2009. Seguimiento de la evolución morfodinámica de 17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental la playa de Salinas y bocana del puerto de Avilés. de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- Informe: Fase 2010 dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. Informe: Informe para la Dirección General del Agua y Confederación Hidrográfica del Duero. Año RESTO ADMINISTRACIÓN Hidraúlico 2008 - 2009. BALSAS DE TENERIFE (BALTEN) 14. Asesoramiento en materias geotécnicas. Informe: Depuradora de Galindo: Informe sobre Realización de los estudios sobre la evolución de los asientos registrados en el llenado de la balsa las geomembranas utilizadas en la impermeabi- 2 del reactor biológico hasta 21 de enero de 2010. lización de balsas en las islas Canarias. Informe: Resultados experimentales-II. Cuadragé- 1. Recopilación y difusión de información hidrome- simo primera inspección. teorológica. Informe: Integración de las medidas de aforos só- CONSEJERÍA DE ECONOMÍA, INNOVACIÓN lidos en la base de datos hidro. Y CIENCIA. JUNTA DE ANDALUCÍA

9. Estudio metodológico sobre la definición y estable- Revisión del documento ‘Recrecimiento aguas cimiento de regímenes de caudales ambientales. abajo, fase 2, del depósito de pasta seca de la Informe: Aplicación del modelo IAHRIS para la ob- mina de Aguas Teñidas’. tención de un indicador global de alteración eco- Informe: Valoración de la documentación aportada hidrológica de masas de agua en las cuencas hi- previa a la Fase II de construcción de la balsa minera drográficas intercomunitarias. de aguas teñidas, en Almonaster La Real (Huelva).

17.1.2. Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental Realización de análisis de los trabajos de exca- de las aguas continentales españolas. Años hi- vación llevados a cabo en la corta minera de Co- dráulicos 2008-2009, 2009-2010. bre Las Cruces (Gerena-Sevilla). Informe: Informe para la Confederación Hidrográ- Informe: Revisión del Plan de Vigilancia Versión II fica del Cantábrico. Año hidráulico 2008-2009. para la corta minera de Cobre Las Cruces (Sevilla).

2. Modernización y mejora de la Red Oficial de Realización de análisis de los trabajos de exca- Estaciones de Aforos. vación llevados a cabo en la corta minera de Co- Informe: Análisis de la correspondencia entre los bre Las Cruces (Gerena-Sevilla). datos de aforos del Sistema Automático de Infor- Informe: Revisión del informe “Análisis de estabi- mación Hidrológica (SAIH) y la Red Oficial de Es- lidad de la corta minera Las Cruces (150 m)”. taciones de Aforo (ROEA). CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD NUCLEAR 12. Deterioro de los hormigones de presas. Informe: Publicaciones. Asistencia técnica al Consejo de Seguridad Nu- clear en los programas de vigilancia radiológica 18. Análisis radiológico de las aguas potables de del medio acuático. Renovación 2009 consumo público de la red primaria que gestiona la Mancomunidad de los Canales del Taibilla (cua- Programa de vigilancia radiológica ambiental en tro años hidráulicos). el medio acuático (Red de estaciones de mues- Informe: Año hidráulico 2008-2009. treo: red espaciada). Renovación 2009.

ANNEX 175 CONSEJO INSULAR DE AGUAS DE LA PALMA Informe: Control de las mezclas bituminosas con NFU extendidas en el tramo Plasencia-Montermoso. Realización de los estudios sobre la evolución de las geomembranas utilizadas en la impermeabi- Realización de ensayos para la comprobación del lización de balsas en las islas Canarias. comportamiento de perfiles de un sistema salva- Informe: Resultados experimentales-II. Cuadragé- juntas. simo primera inspección. Informe: Informe sobre el ensayo del comporta- miento a rotura de la junta metálica de dilatación GERENCIA DE INFRAESTRUCTURAS Y EQUIPA- del tablero de un puente de carretera. MIENTOS DE CULTURA. MINISTERIO DE CULTURA MINISTERIO DE JUSTICIA 1. Inspección de los distintos elementos estruc- turales de la nave de San Fernando de Henares Informes periciales sobre la estabilidad geotécnica como paso previo a la definición de nuevos usos de la corta minera Cobre Las Cruces (Sevilla). del edificio. Informe: Informe pericial sobre la querella presen- Informe: Nave en San Fernando de Henares (Ma- tada contra la corta minera “Cobre Las Cruces” en drid). el Juzgado de Instrucción nº 19 de Sevilla.

Realización de la evaluación estructural del estado UNIVERSIDAD DE ALCALÁ. MADRID de conservación de dos edificios del Ministerio de Cultura en el Cerrillo de San Blas (Madrid). Realización de muestreos y análisis biológico del Informe: Evaluación estructural del estado de con- dique de Pareja durante el año 2009. servación de dos edificios del Ministerio de Cul- Informe: Estudio Limnológico del dique de Pareja tura en el Cerrillo de San Blas (Madrid). durante el año 2009.

Realización de inspección y análisis del estado es- Realización de muestreos y análisis biológico del tructural y de conservación del edificio del Archivo dique de Pareja durante el año 2010. Histórico Provincial de Tenerife, en La Laguna. Informe: Estudio limnológico del dique de Pareja Informe: Informe de la inspección y análisis del es- durante el año 2010. tado estructural y de conservación del edificio.

GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL VIVEROS Y REPOBLACIONES SECTOR PRIVADO ESPAÑOL DE NAVARRA, S.A. (GAVRN) A.I.E. CC.NN. ALMARAZ-TRILLO Realización de estudio de alternativas de actua- ción de restauración de ríos y defensa frente a Vigilancia radiológica del río Tajo, en torno a las inundaciones en la zona de confluencia de los instalaciones de la central nuclear de Almaraz. Año ríos Arga y Aragón: plan de restauración ecoló- 2009. gica. Informe: Vigilancia radiológica del río Tajo, en torno Informe: Estudio de alternativas de actuación de a las instalaciones de la central nuclear de Alma- restauración de ríos y defensa frente a inunda- raz. Año 2009- ciones en la zona de confluencia de los ríos Arga y Aragón: plan de restauración ecológica. ASOCIACIÓN NUCLEAR ASCÓ - VANDELLÓS II, A.I.E.

INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE ROCAS ORNAMEN- Vigilancia radiológica del río Ebro, en torno a las TALES Y MATERIALES DE CONSTRUCCIÓN (INTRO- instalaciones de las centrales nucleares de Ascó. MAC). JUNTA DE EXTREMADURA Año 2009. Informe: Resultados de los análisis de radiactivi- Realización de control de las mezclas bituminosas dad en el río Ebro en el entorno de las instalacio- con NFU extendidas en el tramo de Plasencia-Mon- nes de la central nuclear de Ascó (año 2009). tehermoso.

176 ANNEX CETCO IBERIA, S.L.U. GEOTECNIA Y CIMIENTOS, S.A. (GEOCISA)

Realización de un estudio sobre barreras geosin- Estudio sobre la difusión de contaminantes en las téticas bentoníticas. barreras de vertederos urbanos y su evolución en Informe: Estudio sobre barreras geosintéticas ben- el tiempo. toníticas. Informe: Actividades anualidad 2009-2010.

COMPAÑÍA ESPAÑOLA DE PETRÓLEOS, S.A. (CEPSA) IBÉRICA DE ESTUDIOS E INGENIERÍA, S.A. (IBERINSA)

Análisis del estado de la tubería metálica subma- Colaboración en el marco del proyecto CENIT rina de la refinería La Rábida (Huelva). para el desarrollo del proyecto EOLIA (Tecnolo- Informe: Análisis del estado de la tubería metálica gías para parques eólicos offshore en aguas pro- submarina de la refinería La Rábida (Huelva). fundas). Informe: Tecnologías para parques eólicos offs- DÍAZ & DÍAZ ARQUITECTOS, S.L. hore en aguas profundas. “EOLIA”. Sin FT.

Realización del estudio de patologías nº 1 de los INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DEL CEMENTO Y SUS edificios A y B de la Gerencia de Infraestructuras APLICACIONES (IECA) y Equipamientos de Cultura en el Cerrillo de San Blas. Realización de un estudio de reactividad frente a Informe: Realización del estudio de patologías nº los álcalis del cemento de una arena silícea. 1 de los edificios A y B de la Gerencia de Infraes- Informe: Estudio de reactividad frente a los álca- tructuras y Equipamientos de Cultura en el Cerri- lis del cemento de arenas silíceas. llo de San Blas (Madrid). INSTITUTO PARA LA PROMOCIÓN DE ARMADURAS DIMETRONIC, S.A. CERTIFICADAS (IPAC)

Realización del estudio de comprobación del fun- Realización de ensayos de contraste de los de se- cionamiento de una eurobaliza. guimiento (2009) de armaduras de acero con Informe: Comprobación del funcionamiento de una marca ARCER. eurobaliza para Dimetronic S.A. Año 2010. Informe: Ensayos de contraste de los de se- guimiento de armaduras de acero con marca EMPRESA DE GESTIÓN MEDIOAMBIENTAL, S.A. ARCER. (EGMASA) LEVANTINA INGENIERÍA Y CONSTRUCCIÓN, S.L. (LIC) Realización del trabajo para la valoración de los estudios de estabilidad del dique del vaso 3 del Realización del estudio de un árido para su em- vertedero de Nerva (Huelva). pleo en hormigón pretensado. Informe: Interpretación de los reconocimientos, va- Informe: Realización del estudio de un árido para lidación da las hipótesis del proyecto básico y de su empleo en hormigón pretensado. los cálculos de estabilidad del dique 3 del verte- dero de residuos de Nerva (Huelva). NUCLENOR, S.A.

Realización de modelización numérica de la capa- Vigilancia radiológica del río Ebro, en torno a las cidad hidráulica actual del encauzamiento del instalaciones de la central nuclear de Santa Ma- tramo urbano del río Guadalmedina (Málaga). ría de Garoña. Año 2009. Informe: Modelización numérica de la capacidad Informe: Vigilancia radiológica del río Ebro, en torno hidráulica actual del encauzamiento del tramo ur- a las instalaciones de la central nuclear de Santa bano del río Guadalmedina (Málaga). María de Garoña (Año 2009).

ANNEX 177 SAINSEL SISTEMAS NAVALES, S.A.U. SIGNUS ECOVALOR, S.L.

Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque de Asesoramiento en el proyecto ‘Incorporación de consola 20SQR LTD (Ref. SLM-CT006). neumático troceado como materia prima en la Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque de con- construcción de rellenos’. sola 20SQR LTD (Ref. SLM-CT006) a instalar en los Informe: Bandas de prueba de compactación de submarinos S-80 de la Armada Española. NFU troceados en núcleo de terreplenes.

Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque de UTE TERROBA consola CONAM SUB. Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque de con- Realización del estudio hidráulico mediante mo- sola CONAM SUB para submarinos S-80 de la Ar- delo físico a escala reducida del aliviadero de la mada Española. presa de Terroba (La Rioja). Informe: Estudio hidráulico mediante modelo fí- SEPSA ELECTRÓNICA DE POTENCIA, S.L. sico a escala reducida del aliviadero de la presa de Terroba (La Rioja). Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque del convertidor 23 kVA/11kW. IEC 61371. 010058. VARIOS Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque del con- vertidor 23 kVA/11kW. IEC 61371. 010058. Servicio técnico permanente. Ensayos geotécni- cos de laboratorio. Año 2010. Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque del Informe: Trabajos realizados por el Servicio Téc- equipo 10kW LVPS MBTA - Red Line de Boston. IEC nico Permanente Ensayos Geotécnicos de Labora- 61371. 020038. torio del Laboratorio de Geotecnia en el año 2009. Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque del equipo 10kW LVPS MBTA - Red Line de Boston. IEC 61371. Código S 020038. SECTOR INTERNACIONAL

Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque ABB SÈCHERON, S.A. de convertidor estático AGV. IEC 61373. 000454. Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque del Informe: Realización de pruebas de vibración y cho- equipo DOSTO TRANSFORMER. IEC 61373 que de convertidor estático de 33KVA AGV. Código Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque del equipo SEPSA: 000454. DOSTO TRANSFORMER.

SEPSA SISTEMAS DE CONTROL E INFORMACIÓN, S.L. CHINA ACADEMY OF RAILWAY SCIENCES (CARS)

Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque de Realización de ensayos privados de baliza para equipos de comunicación y señalización. IEC China Academy of Railway Sciences. 61373. Informe: Realización de ensayos privados de baliza Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque de equi- para China Academy of Railway Sciences. Año 2010. pos de comunicación y señalización. MINISTÈRE DES TRAVAUX PUBLICS. ALGÉRIE. DIREC- Realización de pruebas de vibración y choque de TION DE LA RECHERCHE ET DE LA PROSPECTIVE equipos de Sistemas, Control e Información. IEC 61373. Estudio de viabilidad de una instalación para en- Informe: Pruebas de vibración y choque de equi- sayo acelerado de firmes en Argelia. pos de sistema, control e información. Informe: Rapport nº4 (Versión en français): Recom- mandations pour les cahiers des charges pour l’ac- quisition d’une piste mobile du type HVS et plu- sieurs dispositifs auxiliaires.

178 ANNEX Estudio de viabilidad de una instalación para en- CENTRO DE ESTUDIOS Y EXPERIMENTACIÓN DE sayo acelerado de firmes en Argelia. OBRAS PÚBLICAS (CEDEX) Informe: Rapport nº3: Analyse multicritère des dif- férentes alternatives pour la mise en place d’une Ensayo de verificación de la precisión de los equi- installation d’Essai Accéléré de Chaussées en Al- pos de pesaje dinámico instalados en el PK gérie. 407+700 de la A-5, en la frontera con Portugal. Informe: Ensayo de verificación de la precisión de los Estudio de viabilidad de una instalación para en- equipos de pesaje dinámico instalados en el PK sayo acelerado de firmes en Argelia. 407+700 de la A-5, en la frontera con Portugal. Informe: Rapport nº 4 révisé: (Versión en français) Prescriptions techniques recommendandées pour Localización de equipos de campo a través del sis- l’acquisition d’une piste mobile du type HVS et plu- tema satelital ORBCOMM. sieurs dispositifs auxiliaires. Informe: Localización de equipos de campo a tra- vés del sistema satelital Orbcomm. SHENYANG RAILWAY SIGNAL FACTORY. CHINA Proyecto de adquisición analógica nave de ensa- Realización de ensayos privados de baliza para yos en modelo físico. Shenyang Railway Signal Factory. Informe: Proyecto de adquisición analógica nave Informe: Realización de ensayos privados de ba- de ensayos en modelo físico. liza para Shenyang Railway Signal Factory (0911230-SRS-SRS). Año 2010. Apoyo en el análisis y control de la calidad del In- ventario Nacional de Emisiones: sector del Trans- porte, SNAP 07 y 08. PROYECTOS DE I+D+i Informe: Evolución de las emisiones del transporte en españa y en los países de nuestro entorno: Francia, R. AGRUPACIÓN DE INVESTIGACIÓN ESTRATÉGICA Unido y Alemania. Ejemplos de buenas prácticas. PROYECTO FÉNIX, AIE Apoyo en el análisis y control de la calidad del In- Proyecto FÉNIX. Actividad 10. Empleo de subpro- ventario Nacional de Emisiones: sector del Trans- ductos. porte, SNAP 07 y 08. Informe: Proyecto FENIX -Empleo de subproductos- Informe: Implicaciones de la movilidad en las Trabajos realizados por el CEDEX y resultados del CC.AA. en sus emisiones de gases de efecto inver- proyecto. nadero.

Proyecto FÉNIX. Actividad 6. Pavimentos de larga Directrices para el aprovechamiento de materia- duración. les secundarios y residuos en la obra pública. Informe: Estudio de la influencia de la relación fi- Informe: Situación actual y planificación de los tra- ller/betún y de la temperatura de compactación bajos. sobre las propiedades mecánicas y la durabilidad de las mezclas bituminosas. INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO DE CANARIAS, S.A.

ASOCIACIÓN DE EMPRESAS DE LA TECNOLOGÍA Estudio de viabilidad técnica de los difusores Ven- DEL SUELO Y SUBSUELO (AETESS) turi en vertidos de salmuera. Informe: Estudios comparativos mediante ensa- Realización de recomendaciones para la ejecu- yos en modelos físicos reducidos. ción del hormigonado de pilotes y pantallas in situ. PROPIOS CEDEX Informe: Recomendaciones para la ejecución del hormigonado de pilotes y pantallas “in situ”. Remodelación y puesta en operación del labora- torio de calibración de boyas, y el taller y alma- cén de equipos de medidas en la naturaleza.

ANNEX 179 Informe: Remodelación y puesta en operación del Informe: Aceleraciones producidas en balasto en laboratorio de calibración de boyas, y el taller y una sección con 12 cm. de subbalasto bituminoso almacén de equipos de medidas en la naturaleza. por la simulación del paso de trenes S-100, S-102 y S-103 a velocidades comprendidas entre 300 Análisis de los aspectos geológico-geotécnicos del km/h y 360 km/h. nuevo proyecto de recrecimiento del embalse de Yesa, a efectos de la emisión de la declaración Colaboración (34-609-5-001). Seguimiento y par- de impacto ambiental. ticipación en el desarrollo de los trabajos del Informe: Análisis de los aspectos geológico-geo- CEN/TC 351 y de AENOR-CTN 193. técnicos del nuevo proyecto de recrecimiento del Informe: Seguimiento y participación en el desarro- embalse de Yesa a efectos de la emisión de la de- llo de los trabajos de normalización e los Comi- claración de impacto ambiental. tés CEN/TC 351 y AEN/TC 193 durante el perí- odo de mayo de 2009 a junio 2010. Análisis de los aspectos geológico-geotécnicos del nuevo proyecto de recrecimiento del embalse de Yesa, a efectos de la emisión de la declaración COMITÉS Y ASOCIACIONES de impacto ambiental. Informe: Adenda al Informe “Análisis de los as- Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente (AEMA). pectos geológico-geotécnicos del nuevo Proyecto Grupo de trabajo de la Reporting Mechanism En- de recrecimiento del embalse de Yesa, a efec- vironmental Noise Directive tos de la emisión de la Declaración de Impacto Ambiental”. Agencia Nacional de Evaluación de Proyectos (ANEP) Informe sobre el accidente del Buque Prestige Evaluador Informe: Comparación de los niveles de riesgo aso- ciados a la situación creada por el accidente del American Society for Testing and Materials buque “Prestidge” y a las derivadas de las alterna- (ASTM) tivas de gestión “Alejamiento” y “Corcubión”. ARCER COLABORACIONES INTERNAS GT 1.- Características de tracción y fatiga.

Colaboración (83-309-5-001). Realización de en- Asociación Científico-Técnica del Hormigón Es- sayos de desgaste Los ¡ngeles y Pulimento acele- tructural (ACHE) rado. Comisión 2.- Materiales Informe: Resultados parciales de los ensayos re- GT.- Áridos para hormigón estructural alizados en el año 2010. GT.- Cimentaciones especiales

Colaboración (51-404-1-034). Desarrollo de apli- Asociación Española de Abastecimiento y Sane- caciones de la teledetección láser (LIDAR) para amiento (AEAS) la caracterización y gestión de la vegetación de Comisión 5ª Depuración de aguas residuales ribera. GT.- Reutilización Informe: Desarrollo RIC-DAR: aplicación informá- GT.- Operaciones y tecnologías emergentes tica dedicada al estudio y análisis de datos LIDAR GT.- Gestión y tratamiento de lodos de depura- en el medio fluvial apra la valoración y caracteri- doras zación de la vegetación de ribera, geomorfología fluvial y cálculo del índice RFV. Asociación Española de Desalación y Reutiliza- ción (AEDYR) Colaboración del LCEYM en el Estudio del subba- lasto bituminoso y optimización de los cambios de Asociación Española de Economía Agraria rigidez de vía en la instalación para infraestruc- (AEEA) turas ferroviarias del CEDEX. Comité de Dirección

180 ANNEX Asociación Española de la Carretera (AEC) CTN 146.- Áridos Consejo Directivo Subcomité SC 2.- Áridos para fabricación de hor- migones Asociación Española de Limnología (AEL) Subcomité SC 3.- Áridos para carreteras Subcomité SC 5.- Áridos reciclados Asociación Española de Normalización y Certifi- Subcomité SC 6.- Ensayos de áridos cación (AENOR) CTN 159.- Telemática aplicada al transporte por CTC 15.- Cementos carretera CTC 17.- Productos de acero para hormigón CTN193.- Evaluación de la emisión de substancias CTC 32.- Impermeabilizantes bituminosos peligrosas de productos de construcción CTC 36.- Tubos y perfiles huecos de acero CTN 199.- Equipamiento para la gestión de tráfico CTC 46.- Perfiles de acero laminados en caliente CTC 50.- Pinturas y barnices Asociación Española de Riegos y Drenajes CTC 52.- Equipamiento para carreteras (AERYD) CTC 61.- Hormigón preparado CTN 36.- Siderurgia Asociación Española de Teledetección (AET) CTN 41.- Construcción Subcomité SC 2.- Materiales para carreteras Asociación Internacional de Geología Aplicada GT 4.- Mezclas de áridos sin ligante y mezclas a la Ingeniería (AIGAIN) con conglomerante hidráulico Comisión nº 10 Rocas para edificios ornamentales GT 5.- Características superficiales CTN 80.- Cementos y cales Asociación Mundial de la Carretera Subcomité SC 1.- Ensayos mecánicos (AIPCR/PIARC) Subcomité SC 2.- Análisis químicos Comisión de terminología y traducción asistida Subcomité SC 3.- Definiciones, terminología, es- (CTERM) pecificaciones CT C.2.- Explotación vial más segura CTN 83.- Hormigón CT D.3.- Puentes de carreteras Subcomité SC 1.- Ensayos de hormigón CT D.4.- Geotechnics and unpaved roads Subcomité SC 2.- Aditivos Subcomité SC 4.- Adiciones Asociación Técnica de Carreteras (ATC). Comité GT 1.- Corrosión de la armadura en el hormigón Nacional Español de la AIPCR GT 2.- Ensayos químicos Junta Directiva CTN 100.- Climatización CT 04.- Carreteras interurbanas y transporte inte- GT 13.- Geotermia grado interurbano CTN 104.- Materiales impermeabilizantes para la CT 05.- Túneles de carreteras construcción CT 07.- Características superficiales de los pavi- CTN 112.- Corrosión y protección de materiales mentos metálicos CT 08.- Firmes de carreteras Subcomité SC 2.- Protección de materiales me- CT 11.- Puentes tálicos CT 12.- Geotecnia vial GT 3.- Revestimientos por inmersión en caliente CT 13.- Seguridad vial GT 4.- Corrosión de armaduras CT 14.- Carreteras y medio ambiente CTN 135.- Equipamiento de carretera para la se- CT 21.- Geotextiles ñalización vial Subcomité SC 1.- Barreras de seguridad Asociación Técnica de Puertos y Costas (ATYPC) Subcomité SC 2.- Señalización horizontal Comité Técnico de Gestión Ambiental (COTEMA) Subcomité SC 3.- Señalización vertical Subcomité SC 8.- Eurocódigo 8. Estructuras en Association for European Transport (AET) zonas sísmicas PC Applied Methods in Transport Planning CTN 140.- Eurocódigos estructurales PC Planning for Sustainable Land Use and Trans- Subcomité SC 7.-Eucodódigo 7 proyecto geotécnico port

ANNEX 181 Capítulo Español de la International Geosynthe- Comisión Permanente del Hormigón (CPH) tic Society (IGS) GT.- Materiales y vida útil GT.- Áridos reciclados CE. Proyecto PL/06/IB/EN/02 Communication, Public Awareness and Capacity Building for the EU Comisión Técnica de redacción del documento Natura 2000 Ecological Network. Indicadores de fragmentación del hábitat Grupo de trabajo sobre integración de la política GT.- Fragmentación de Hábitats causada por In- de aguas en la red Natura 2000. fraestructuras de Transporte.

Centro de Nuevas Tecnologías del Agua (CENTA) Comité Científico del International Symposium Comité Científico on Hydraulic Physical Modeling and Field Inves- tigation Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (CICCP) Comité Científico de la Conferencia da Auga Comisión de Medio Ambiente Comité Científico de Innovación y Tecnología: Comisión Central de Explotación del Acueducto Planes de Emergencia y Análisis de Riesgos Tajo-Segura (CCETTS) Comité de expertos para el desarrollo de la Ins- Comisión Española de Geodesia y Geofísica trucción Técnica sobre Caudales Ecológicos (CEGG) Comité de expertos para la aplicación del Artí- Comisión Interministerial para Productos de la culo 37 del [Tratado] Euratom Construcción (CIPC) Comité Permanente Comité de expertos para la valoración del Pro- Subcomité.- Organismos Notificados yecto de Revegetación de las Balsas de Fosfo- yesos de Fertiberia en Huelva Comisión Interministerial Permanente de Tu- berías de Abastecimiento de Agua y Comité Estatal de Coordinación del Plan Estatal Saneamiento de Poblaciones (CIPTAASP) de Protección Civil ante el Riesgo Sísmico (CECO) Comisión Internacional de Límites España-Por- tugal (CILEP) Comité Eurointernacional del Hormigón (FIB) Comité Técnico Comité Europeo de Normalización (CEN) Comisión Internacional de Grandes Presas JWC 139/254.- Geomembranas (CIGP) TC 51.- Cementos y cales de construcción TC 154.- Aggregates Comisión Nacional de Geología (CNG) Subcomité SC 3.- Bituminous bound aggregates Subcomité SC4.- Hydraulic bound and unbound Comisión para la Aplicación y Desarrollo del Con- aggregates venio de Albufeira WG 12.- Aggregates from secondary sources WG 13.- Dangerous substances Comisión Permanente de Estructuras del Acero TC 189.- Geotextiles y productos relacionados (CPEA) TC 226.- Dotaciones viales TC 227.- Materiales para carreteras Comisión Permanente de Normas Sismorresis- WG1.- Mezclas bituminosas tentes (CPNS) TG2.- Ensayos de mezclas bituminosas WG 4.- Hydraulic bound and unbound mixtures Comisión Permanente del Cemento (CPC) TG 2.- Unbound mixtures WG5.- Surface characteristics

182 ANNEX TG 3.- Noise classification Consejo Asesor de los Programas de Medio Am- TC 250.- Eurocódigos biente y Calidad Subcomité SC 2.- Estructuras de hormigón Subcomité SC 3.- Estructuras de acero European Conference of Transport Research In- GT 7.- Geotecnia. Reglas de proyecto stitutes (ECTRI) TC 351.- Assessment of release of dangerous sub- General Assembly stances. Construction products TWG.- Transport economy TWG.- Traffic safety and security Comité Nacional Español de Grandes Presas TWG.- Urban transport (CNEGP-SPANCOLD) Comité Técnico de Hidráulica European Large Geotechnical Institutes Platform Comité Técnico de Hormigones de presas (ELGIP) Comité Técnico de Cálculo de presas Comité Técnico de Sedimentación de embalses European Microscopy Society (EMS) Comité Comité Técnico Nacional para la Prevención de Desastres Naturales del Ministerio del Interior European Network of Freshwater Research Or- Conference Europeenne des Directeurs de ganisations (EurAqua) Routes (CEDR) PG.- Climate change European Platform on Mobility Management (EPOMM) Convenio de Bonn GT.- OSINET (oil spill identification network) European Water Research Institutes (EWRI) Directors Meeting Convenio Oslo-París para la Protección del Atlán- tico Nordeste Federación Española de Asociaciones de Archi- Comité de Eutrofización (EUC) veros, Bibliotecarios, Arqueólogos, Museólogos GT.- Impacto Ambiental por Actividades Humanas y Documentalistas (ANABAD) (EIHA) Federation of International Geotechnical Socie- Directiva Marco del Agua. Estrategia común de ties (FIGS) implantación Joint Technical Committee 3 Grupo general de intercalibración en aguas coste- ras y de transición (COAST) Federation of International for Structural Con- Grupo geográfico de intercalibración de la eco-re- crete (FIB) gión mediterránea (COAST MED-GIG) Grupo A. Estado ecológico (WGA ECOSTAT) Forum of European Highway Research Laborato- Grupo F. Inundaciones ries (FEHRL) Grupo. Intercalibración General Assembly Comité Ejecutivo Documentación Internacional de Investigación Research Coordinators Assembly en Transporte (ITRD/DIRR/DIIT) Centro Coordinador para el idioma español Fundación J. García Siñeriz Comité Operacional del Programa ITRD/DIIT Jurado de los premios anuales de Geofísica Sub-Comité de Terminología del Programa ITRD/DIIT Grupo de Trabajo Nacional sobre Inundaciones ITRD Review Group: grupo de Trabajo para la revi- (GTNI) sión del funcionamiento de la base de datos ITRD/DIIT Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Escuela de Organización Industrial (EOI)

ANNEX 183 Institution of Railway Signal Engineers (IRSE) International Transport Forum (ITF). Centro Con- junto de Investigación del Transporte Integración Fluvial de Sudamérica (IFSA) Joint Transport Research Committee (JTRC)

International Association for Bridges and Struc- International Union of Laboratories and Experts tural Engineering (IABSE) in Construction Materials, Systes and Structures (RILEM) International Association for Shell and Spatial Comité de Gestión Structures (IASS) Delegado Español de la RILEM TC.- Progress of recycling in the built environment International Association of Hydraulic Enginee- ring and Research (IAHR) International Water Supply Association (IWSA) Secretaría Sección de Instrumentación Joint OECD/ITF Transport Research Centre Hydraulic Structures Committee IAHR/IWA Committee on Marine Outfall Systems OCDE Nuclear Energy Agency NEA Data Bank International Atomic Energy Agency Proyecto coordinado de investigación Geostatistical Organización Marítima Internacional (OMI) análisis of spatial isotope variability to map the Comité de Protección del Medio Marino (MEPC) sources of water for hydrology and climate studies Reunión consultiva de las partes contratantes del Convenio de Londres y del Protocolo de Londres International Commission on Irrigation and Drai- nage (ICID) Observatorio de la Sostenibilidad en España (OSE) WG on Irrigated Agriculture under Drought and Wa- GT.- Transporte sostenible ter Scarcity PIANC. Sección Española. Comité Técnico nº 2 International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) Plataforma Tecnológica de Laboratorios de Hi- dráulica de España (PTLHE) International Desalination Association (IDA) Plataforma Tecnológica Española de la Construc- International Geosynthetics Society (IGS) ción (PTEC) Capítulo Español Comité Permanente

International Society for Soil Mechanics and Ge- Plataforma Tecnológica Española del Agua y el otechnical Engineering Riego (PTEAR) TC 101.- Ensayos en laboratorio GT 9. Sostenibilidad TC 102.- Ensayos in situ TC 103.- Métodos numéricos en geomecánica Programa Alemán de Investigación de Transpor- TC 104.- Modelos físicos tes (Fundación Helmholz, Ministerio de Trans- TC 201.- Aspectos geotécnicos de diques de conten- porte Alemán) ción, protección de costa y rellenos ganados al mar Evaluador TC 202.- Geotecnia del transporte TC 207.- Interacción suelo-estructura y muros de Programa Hidrológico Internacional (UNESCO) contención Comité Nacional Español TC 213.- Geotecnia de erosión de suelos TC 215.- Geotecnia ambiental Programa Nacional de Acciones Complementa- TC 302.- Ingeniería geotécnica forense rias (PNAC) Red Temática: Estudios sobre cianotoxinas y su in- International Society of Limnology (SIL) cidencia en España.

184 ANNEX Programa ROM (Recomendaciones de Obras Ma- Sociedad Española de Presas y Embalses (SE- rítimas) PREM) Comité Técnico Permanente y Comisión General Sociedad Española de Protección Radiológica Red Alert de Geomateriales. (SEPR) Comité de Dirección Sociedad Geológica de España (SGE) Red de Institutos Nacionales Iberoamericanos de Ingeniería e Investigación Hidráulica Sociedad Nuclear Española (SNE)

Red de Laboratorios Ferroviarios. DLR (Alema- Transportation Research Board (TRB) nia), MULTITEL (Bélgica), RINA (Italia) y LIF (España) Comité AFD40 - Full scale and accelerated paving testing Red Iberoamericana Agua y Ciudad Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. ETS de Arqui- Red Iberoamericana para el Monitoreo y Pronós- tectura. tico de Fenómenos Hidrometeorológicos Comité de restauración, conservación y del patri- Programa CYTED monio arquitectónico

Red Tecnológica PREVECMA COMITÉS DE PUBLICACIONES

Servicio de Teledocumentación Baratz Boletín de la SEMR Grupo de usuarios de BRS Boletín de la SEMSIG Sistema Euromediterráneo de Información en el Campo del Agua (SEMIDE) Carreteras. ISSN: 0212-6389 Consejo de Dirección Unidad Técnica (UT SEMIDE) Dam Engineering. ISSN: 0958-9431

Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inun- European Journal of Environmental and Civil En- dables (SNCZI) gineering. ISSN: 1964-8189 GT.- Inundaciones y Comisión Técnica Estudios Geológicos. ISSN: 0367-0449 y 1988-3250 Sociedad Española de Acústica Hormigón y Acero (ACHE). ISSN: 0439-5689 Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y Técnicas Afines (SECYTA) Ingeniería Civil. ISSN: 0213-8486

Sociedad Española de Documentación e Infor- Ingeniería del Agua. ISSN: 1134-2196 mación Científica (SEDIC) Ingeniería Hidráulica en México. ISSN: 0186- Sociedad Española de Ficología (SEF) 4076

Sociedad Española de Mecánica de Rocas International Journal of River Basin Manage- (SEMR) ment. ISSN (impresa): 1571-5124. ISSN (electró- nica): 1814-2060 Sociedad Española de Mecánica del Suelo e In- geniería Geotécnica (SEMSIG) Materiales de Construcción. ISSN: 0465-2746

Sociedad Española de Ornitología (SEO) Comisión Asesora de Publicaciones del Ministe- rio de Fomento

ANNEX 185 ABBREVIATIONS

3D Tridimensional DLR Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt NFU Neumáticos Fuera de Uso ACIES Asociación de Consultores Independientes DOI Digital Object Identifier NONESCON Proyecto de investigación: Utilización de residuos de Estructuras de Edificación ECTRI European Conference of Transport Research de construcción y demolición en hormigón no ADIF Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias Institutes estructural AEAS Asociación Española de Abastecimientos de EDAR Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales OASIS Proyecto de investigación: Operación de Agua y Saneamiento EEA European Environment Agency Autopistas Seguras y Sostenibles AECID Agencia Española de Cooperación EGRA Evaluación y Gestión del Ruido Ambiental OCDE Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico Internacional para el Desarrollo EGU European Geosciences Union OIEA Organismo Internacional de la Energía Atómica AEMA Agencia Europea de Medio Ambiente ELGIP European Large Geo-Engineering Institutes AEMET Agencia Estatal de Meteorología Platform OMI Organización Marítima Internacional AENOR Asociación Española de Normalización y ELLPAG European Long-Life Pavement Group OMM Organización Meteorológica Mundial Certificación EN European Norm OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic AETESS Asociación de Empresas de Técnicas ENAC Entidad Nacional de Acreditación Especiales del Suelo y del Subsuelo PAR Plan de Acción contra el Ruido EOI Escuela de Organización Industrial AETOS Asociación Española de Túneles y Obras PEIT Plan Estratégico de Infraestructuras y Transporte EOLIA Proyecto de investigación: Subterráneas PREVECMA Prevención y respuesta a los vertidos marinos EPOMM European Platform on Mobility Management AIPCR/PIARC Asociación Mundial de la Carretera PSD Position Sensitive Detector AMECO Annual Macroeconomic Database EPOMM-PLUS European Platform on Mobility Management- Partners Learning Urban Sustainability PTLHE Plataforma Tecnológica de Laboratorios de ANCADE Asociación Nacional de Fabricantes de Cales Hidráulica de España ERA-NET Road European Research Area-Networking Road y Derivados de España RBC Radio Block Centre ERTMS European Railway Traffic Management System ARQUA Museo Nacional de Arqueología Subacuática RCD Residuos de Construcción y Demolición ASLO American Society of Limnology and Oceanography ERTRAC European Road Transport Research Advisory Council RCE Red de Carreteras del Estado ASSET Proyecto de investigación: Assessing ETCS European Train Control System REVIP Red Española de Vigilancia de Isótopos en la Sensitiveness to Transport Precipitación ETS Escuela Técnica Superior ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials RINA Registro Italiano Navale EUROSTAT Oficina Estadística de la Unión Europea ATEBA Asociación técnica española de balsas y RLHE Red de Laboratorios de Hidráulica de España pequeñas presas FAO Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación ROEA Red Oficial de Estaciones de Aforo AVE Alta Velocidad Española ROM Recomendaciones de obras marítimas BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und prüfung FEHRL Forum of European Highway Research Laboratories RVRA Red de Vigilancia Radiológica Ambiental BIT Aplicación datos sobre incidentes en túneles FENIX Proyecto de investigación: en Carreteras más SAIH Sistema Automático de Información Hidrológica BTM Balise Transmission Module Seguras y Sostenibles SASEMAR Sociedad de Salvamento y Seguridad Marítima CARS China Academy of Railway Sciences FFFIS Form Fit Functional Interface Specification SCRIM® Sideway-force Coefficient Routine CATA Catálogo de la red de bibliotecas del CEDEX FFIA Fundación para el Fomento de la Ingeniería Investigation Machine CBR California Bearing Ratio del Agua SECEGSA Sociedad Española de Estudios para la Comuni- CE Comisión Europea FiWi FEHRL institutes WIM initiative cación fija a través del Estrecho de Gibraltar, S.A. CEDR Conférence Européenne des Directeurs de Routes FTIR Fourier Transform Infrared (Spectrosopy) SECYTA Sociedad Española de Cromatografía y CEHOPU Centro de Estudios Históricos de Obras GC Gas Chromatography Técnicas Afines Públicas y Urbanismo GEOPLAT Plataforma Tecnológica Española de Geotermia SEMIDE/EMWIS Système euro-méditerranéen d'information sur les savoir-faire dans le domai ne de l'eau/ CENIT Consorcios Estratégicos Nacionales de GNIP Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation investigación: Tecnológica Euro-Mediterranean Information System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems CENTA Fundación Centro de las Nuevas on know-how in the Water sector Tecnologías del Agua GPR Ground Penetration Radar SEMR Sociedad Española de Mecánica de Rocas CH Confederación Hidrográfica GRAIL Proyecto de investigación: GNSS Introduction SEPREM Sociedad Española de Presas y Embalses in the Rail Sector CIEMAT Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, SIAGUA Sistema Iberoamericano de Información sobre Medioambientales y Tecnológicas HIDRO Base de datos sobre el agua el Agua CIMNE Centro Internacional de Métodos Numéricos IAHR International Association of Hydro-Environment SIG Sistema de Información Geográfica en Ingeniería Engineering and Research SIGAP Sistema Integral de Gestión para la CIUDEN Fundación Ciudad de la Energía IbSTT Asociación Ibérica de Tecnología sin Zanja Auscultación de Presas CLEAM Proyecto de investigación: Construcción Limpia, ICOG Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos SIMEPROVI Asociación Española de Fabricantes de Eficiente y Amigable con el Medio Ambiente ICOGA Ilustre Colegio Oficial de Geólogos de Andalucía Sistemas Metálicos de Protección Vial CLOSER Proyecto de investigación: Connecting long and IEC International Electrotechnical Commission SIMPA Sistema Integrado para la Modelación del short distance networks for efficient transport IECA Instituto Español del Cemento y sus Aplicaciones proceso Precipitación Aportación CORINE Coordination of Information of the Environment IGAE Intervención General de la Administración del SISTIA Sistema de Indicadores del Sector del CSN Consejo de Seguridad Nuclear Estado Transporte y su Impacto Ambiental CTERM Comité de Terminología y Ayuda a la Traducción IGME Instituto Geológico y Minero de España SNCZI Sistema Nacional de Cartografía de Zonas Inundables DEA Diploma de Estudios Avanzados INE Instituto Nacional de Estadística SNED Société Nationale d’Études du Detroit de DG Dirección General INNOTRACK Proyecto de investigación: Innovative Track Systems Gibraltar DGA Dirección General del Agua SPH Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics DGC Dirección General de Carreteras INNOVA-MED Proyecto de investigación: Procesos y prácticas innovadores en el tratamiento y reutilización (Hidrodinámica de partículas suavizada) DGCEA Dirección General de Calidad y Evaluación de aguas residuales en la región mediterránea SRS System Requirements Specifications Ambiental INTEVIA Instituto Técnico de la Vialidad y del Transporte SUPERTRACK Proyecto de investigación: Sustained DGHyCA Dirección General de Obras Hidráulicas y Performance of Railway Tracks Calidad de las Aguas IRI International Roughness Index ISO International Organization for Standardization TRB Transportation Research Board DGIF Dirección General de Infraestructuras TSD Test Sequences Debugger Ferroviarias ITIL Information Technology Infrastructure Library UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid DGLAB Dirección General del Libro, Archivos y ITRD OCDE International Transport Research Bibliotecas Documentation (transport research database) UE Unión Europea DGMM Dirección General de la Marina Mercante LAV Línea de alta velocidad UIC Union Internationale des Chemins de fer DGP Dirección General de Planificación LEU Lineside Equipment Unit UNE Una Norma Española DGSCM Dirección General de Sostenibilidad de la LiDAR Light Detection And Ranging UNISIG Union Industry of Signaling Costa y del Mar LINK European Forum on Intermodal Passenger UPC Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya DGT Dirección General de Tráfico Travel UPM Universidad Politécnica de Madrid DIIT Documentación Internacional de investigación: LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformer UTE Unión Temporal de Empresas en Transporte. Ver ITRD MARM Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio WIM Weigh-in-motion DIRCAIBEA Consejo de Directores de Carreteras de Iberia Rural y Marino WoK Web of Knowledge e Iberoamérica MARQ Museo Arqueológico de Alicante XPRES Proyecto de investigación: DIRECT-MAT Dismantling and Recycling Techniques for MAS Masa de agua subterránea YELGIP Youth European Large Geo-Engineering Road Materials MS Mass Spectrometry Institutes Platform

186 ABBREVIATIONS