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Sl. No. Topic Page No. 1. Arab and Turk Invasions of India 1 2. Delhi Sultanate VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE MEDIEVAL INDIA CONTENTS SL. PAGE TOPIC NO. NO. 1. ARAB AND TURK INVASIONS OF INDIA 1 2. DELHI SULTANATE 7 2.1 The Slave Dynasty (1206 - 1290 A.D.) 2.2 The Khalji Dynasty (1290 - 1320 A.D.) 2.3 Tughlak Dynasty (1320 - 1413 A.D.) 2.4 Sayyids Dynasty (1414 - 1451 A.D.) 2.5 Lodis Dynasty (1451 - 1526 A.D.) 3. VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE 39 3.1 Sangama Dynasty 3.2 Saluva Dynasty 3.3 Tuluva Dynasty 3.4 Aravidu Dynasty 4. BAHMANI KINGDOM 50 4.1 Berar 4.2 Bidar 4.3 Ahmadnagar 4.4 Golconda 5. MUGHAL EMPIRE 59 www.vetriias.com VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE MEDIEVAL INDIA 5.1 Babur (1526 - 1530) 5.2 Humayun (1556 - 1605 AD) 5.3 Akbar (1556 - 1605 AD) 5.4 Jahangir (1605 - 1627 AD) 5.5 Shahjehan 1627 - 1658 AD) 5.6 Aurangazeb (1657 - 1707) 5.7 Mughal Administration 5.8 Art and Architecture of Mughals 6. THE MARATHA EMPIRE 101 6.1 Shivaji 6.2 Shivaji’s Administration www.vetriias.com VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE MEDIEVAL INDIA ❖ Firoz Tuglaq built cities like ❖ The sultan also opened a large Hissar, Firozabad, Fatehabad, number of free hospitals Dar-ul- Ferozpar and Janupur. shafa where medicines used to be distributed free to the people. ❖ Asokan stone pillars from Topara Experienced physicians, surgeons, and Merrut were brought to Delhi. eye specialists used to be appointed He also built a number of canals. who attended the patients with • Sirsa to Hansi great care. • Sutlej to Dipalpur ❖ Started practice of granting old-age • Yamuna to Sirmur pension. ❖ The most remarkable contribution ❖ Started Charitable kitchen at Delhi. of Firoz that gave a fillip to ❖ Diwan-i-Khairat was the special agriculture was the Scheme of creation of firoz for helping the artificial irrigation in which the poor Muslims parents in the ❖ excavation of canals occupied an marriage of their daughter. important place. ❖ Zakat - obligatory tax to be paid by ❖ Old monuments like Jama Masjid wealthy Muslims. and Qutb-Minar were also ❖ He prohibited Siyasat - infliction repaired. of death penalty or torture. But he ❖ A new department called put nothing in its place for political employment Bureau, Diwan - i - offenders. Khairat was created to take care ❖ So embezzlement of public revenue of orphans and widows. went unpunished. All the loans that ❖ Imposed an additional tax at the the people owed to the state were rate 1/10 of the total production of ceremoniously washed off. such cultivators as were benefited ❖ He also ordered the remission of a by the new scheme irrigation number of Octoroi taxes on the known as Haqi-i-shirb. ground that the shariat had not permitted them. www.vetriias.com Page 24 VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE TDS & RK ❖ He ordered all mural paintings in leaving the sultan of Delhi in his places to be erased. almost a pauper state. ❖ Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi is a 32 ❖ Sultan Nasirudin Mahmud Shah page autobiographical work of 1398-1413 was the last Tughlaq Firoz Tuglaq ruler of Delhi. ❖ Firoz patronized scholars like 2.4 SAYYID DYNASTY Barani and Afif. 1414 – 1451) ( ❖ The soldiers were not to be paid in ❖ In 1414, After Mahmud’s death cash but by assignments on the Khizr Khan founded the Sayyid land revenue of village. Dumasty. ❖ Firoz died in 1388 The struggle ❖ Sayyids claimed their descent from for power between the Sultan and Prophet Muhammad. the nobles started once again. His ❖ Sayyids functioned like feudatories successors had to face the rebellion of the Timurid power of Central of the slaves created by Firoz. Asia. ❖ In the following years, the Delhi ❖ It was a short-lived period. The sultanate had disintegrated further. Sayyids ruled only in name and Many provinces like Mulwa and they did not have much territory or Gujarat declared their power. independence. ❖ The Invasion of Timur in 1398 Khizr Khan (1414-1421) : had worsened the situation. It was ❖ Khizr Khan was not only the a forgettable chapter in India founder of the Saiyyid Dynasty but history since Timur terrorized the also its ablest ruler. Khizr Khan people of Delhi and ordered a ruled from 1414-1421. He was general massacre which killed known to be an able administrator almost 2 lakhs of Delhi people. He and was very soft natured. went back with a huge booty ❖ He never resorted to bloody battles until it was absolutely necessary. It www.vetriias.com Page 25 VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE MEDIEVAL INDIA was his kind and docile nature that Mubarak Shah (1421-1434) did not let him acquire many ❖ After the death of Khizr Khan, his kingdoms during his reign. son Mubarak Shah succeeded him ❖ He defeated the Hindus of Daob, on the throne. Like his father, Kalithar and Chandwar since they Mubarak Shah was a wise man and had stopped paying tributes. an efficient ruler and remained on ❖ Though he didn’t wage many the throne from 1421-1434. battles during his reign, he was ❖ He used his resources carefully and busy suppressing revolts in to the fullest. He was a devout different parts of his kingdom. He Muslim and cared for his subjects. could not come up with many great ❖ He was not quite able to possess reforms but still he was greatly many areas and kingdoms during respected and loved by his subjects. his rule and kept suppressing ❖ Khizr Khan did not rule as a revolts like his father. sovereign ruler but professed to ❖ The city of Mubarakabad was rule as the deputy of Timur’s founded by him in the year 1433. son and successor. He assumed Muhammad Shah (1434-1445) : the title of Shah and got the ❖ After the death of Mubarak Shah, Khutba read in his name. his brother’s son Muhammad Shah ❖ In 1412 he conquered Gujarat, succeeded him on the throne since Gwalior and Jaunpur. In 1416 Mubarak shah did not have a son. he defeated Bayana and in 1421 Muhammad Shah ruled from 1434- he attacked Mewat. Due to the 1444. illness he died in the year 1421. He ❖ He was not an able ruler and was succeeded by his son misused his power and position of Mubarak Shah in 1421who ruled authority. till 1434. ❖ He lost the trust and affection of his nobles and royal force who had freed him from his captors. www.vetriias.com Page 26 VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE TDS & RK ❖ He was lethargic and lazy ruler who ❖ They formed the last phase of the just wanted to live his life in Delhi Sultanate. pleasure. ❖ There were three main rulers in the history of Lodi Dynasty. Alauddin Alam Shah (1445-1450): ❖ After the death of Muhammad • Bahlol Lodi - 1451 - 1489 Shah in 1444, his son took over the • Sikandar Lodi - 1489 - 1515 throne under the title of Alam • Ibrahim Lodi - 1517 - 1526 Shah. During the year 1447, he visited a place called Baduan and Bahlul Lodi (1451-89 AD) loved it so much that he decided to ❖ He was the first Afghan ruler while stay there forever. his predecessors were all Turks. ❖ He was the weakest ruler of the ❖ Bahlol Lodi annexed the Sharqi Saiyyid Dynasty. kingdom of Jaunpur and ❖ Till 1451, Delhi was ruled by introduced the Bahloli type of Buhlul Lodhi. Alam Shah ruled copper coins. Baduan till he died in the year 1478 ❖ He was an Afghan noble who was a with his death the Sayyid dynasty very brave soldier. Buhlul Khan came to end. seized the throne without much 2.5 LODHI DYNASTY resistance from the then ruler, 1451-1526 Alam Shah. ( ) ❖ The Lodi dynasty in India arose ❖ His territory was spread across around 1451 after the Sayyid Jaunpur, Gwalior and northern dynasty. Uttar Pradesh. ❖ The Lodhi Empire was established ❖ During his reign in 1486, he by the Ghizlai tribe of the appointed his eldest son Barbak Afghans. This is the only Afghan Shah as the Viceroy of dynasty of Delhi Sultanate. Jaunpur. ❖ He died in 1489 and was succeeded by his son, Sikandar Lodi. www.vetriias.com Page 27 VETRII IAS STUDY CIRCLE MEDIEVAL INDIA Sikandar Lodi (1489-1517) ❖ A reputed work on music titled ❖ He was the greatest of the three “Lahjat-i-Sikandar Shahi was Lodi Sovereigns. prepared during his reign. ❖ He was born of a Hindu mother. ❖ He conquered south Bihar in 1494- ❖ He introduced a new measurement 95 and concluded a treaty of yard called ‘gazz-i-sikandari”. friendship with Alauddin Husain ❖ He wrote Persian verses under the Shah the ruler of Bengal. name ‘Gulrukh’. ❖ He died at Agra in 1517. ❖ He also founded Agra in 1504 and ❖ He was known to be a kind and transferred his capital from Delhi generous ruler who cared for his to Agra. subjects. ❖ Despite certain laudable qualities, Ibrahim Lodi (1517-26 AD) he was a bigot. He destroyed many ❖ Sikandar Lodi was succeeded by his Hindu temples and imposed many eldest son Ibrahim Lodi who was restrictions on the Hindus. arrogant. He insulted his nobles ❖ He tried to propagate Islam and openly in court and humiliated crush Hinduism. them. ❖ He was a good administrator. ❖ Those nobles who revolted were Roads were laid and many put to death. His own uncle, irrigational facilities were provided Alauddin revolted. for the benefit of the peasantry. ❖ Daulat Khan Lodi, the governor ❖ He improved agriculture and of the Punjab was insulted and industry. He organized an efficient disaffection between king and spy system. courtier became very common. ❖ During his period several Sanskrit ❖ Greatly displeased by the arrogance books dealing with mathematics, of Ibrahim, Daulat Khan Lodi ❖ Medicine, Astronomy and Yoga invited Babur to invade India.
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