Lesson Thirty-Eight

LESSON THIRTY-EIGHT 38.1 Quadriradical Verbs It was noted in §3.1 that a few roots have four radicals. With rare exception, these do not occur in the G stem, but have instead the N as their basic stem; causatives are formed with the S stem, and the iterative Ntn and Stn stems are also attested. Most have either l or r as their sec ond radical. A quadriradical of fairly high frequency is nabalkutum N (a) 'to jump, to rebel'; subalkutum S causative. Quadriradical roots in which the last radical is weak, i.e., verbs IV weak, are also attested. As expected, in verbs IV-e, a-vowels become e. Examples: naparkilm N (u) 'to cease, stop working'; neb,el$flm N (e) 'to slip'; sub,elf?ilm S causative. NStem Sound IV-u IV-e Infinitive: nabalkutum naparkum neb,el$um Durative: ibbalakkat ipparakku ib,b,ele$$e Perfect: ittabalkat ittaparku itteb,el$e Preterite: ibbalkit ipparki ib,b,el$i Imperative: nabalkit naparki neb,el$i Participle: mubbalkitum mupparkum mub,b,el$um Verbal Adj.: nabalkutum naparkum neb,el$um V. Adj. base: nabalkut naparku neb,el$u S Stem Sound IV-u IV-e Infinitive: subalkutum suparkum sub,el$um Durative: usbalakkat usparakka usb,ele$$e Perfect: ustabalkit ustaparki usteb,el$i Preterite: usbalkit usparki usb,el$i Imperative: subalkit suparki sub,el$i Participle: musbalkitum musparkum musb,el$um Verbal Adj.: subalkutum suparkum sub,el$um V. Adj. base: subalkut suparku su"f_ie[$U LESSON THIRTY-EIGHT 461 Ntn Stem Infinitive: itablakkutum Durative: ittanablakkat Imperative: ? Perfect: ittatablakkat Participle: muttablakkitum Preterite: ittab(a)lakkat StnStem Infinitive: sutablakkutum Durative: ustanablakkat Imperative: ? Perfect: ustatablakkit? Participle: ? Preterite: ustablakkit The irregular verb melulum 'to play' is derived from a quadriradical root II-weak (itself derived from a noun with prefix ma-, from a root 0 3-l-l, originally *J:i-l-l). Forms of this verb that have prefixes (Durative, Preterite, and Participle attested) are conjugated as though N stem forms of a verb *melelum (cf. the N as the basic form of other quadriradicals, above); forms without prefixes (Infinitive, Imperative), however, begin with the initial radical m: Infinitive: melulum Durative: immellel, 3mp immellelu Imperative: melil Perfect: ? Participle: mummellum Preterite: immelil, 3mp immellu bound form: mummelil Note also the following iterative form: Durative: ittenemlel (AbB 10 55:22). 38.2 Special Features of Geminate Verbs Geminate verbs are those in which the second and third radicals are identical. The only unusual feature noted about such verbs thus far is the base of the Verbal Adjective of stative verbs: whereas the Verbal Adj. of an active verb such as madadum is regular, madid- 'measured', that of a stative verb, such as dananum, has no vowel between R2 and R3, dann- 'strong'. Certain geminate roots in which the second and third radicals are l or r have N stem forms that differ from those of other verbs. In particular, the Infinitive and Verbal Adj. have the middle radical doubled, and all forms with prefixes (Durative, Perfect, Preterite, and Participle) have the third radical doubled before vocalic endings (cf. izuzzum, §37.2). Imperative forms of these verbs are not attested. Forms of nagarrurum N 'to roll around': .

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