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President’s Message Anger at Gypsy and Cornish in same box on form We are getting closer to specifics about The 17th Gathering of the Cornish American Heritage Society!

Members of Gathering Committee from the Cornish Society of Greater Milwaukee (of which I am a member) met with John Gleeson from the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin - Mil- waukee to discuss a co-sponsored Gathering in probably late summer 2014. John, director and sen- ior lecturer of the Center, was very open to our ideas for the Gathering. He, on behalf of the Center, looked forward to having a possible opportunity to help host something Cornish. The resources availa- ble at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee A benefits form which grouped Gypsies, travellers and the Cornish would be great! At this point we have three possible together is being withdrawn after complaints. The tick box for eth- centers on the campus, plus other side venues, such nic backgrounds was included in a Council housing form. as an art gallery. Lodging could be in nearby hotels Liberal Democrat group deputy leader Alex Folkes said: "Being a at special state prices or in dormitories. gypsy and traveller or being Cornish are two different things." Cornwall Council said it was "inappropriate wording" and a It promises something new, but on the other hand, it "genuine error" which had been rectified. “It's offensive to Cornish is a Gathering, which promises to maintain the op- people and offensive to gypsies and travellers” wrote Alex Folkes portunity to recognize the contributions of our Cor- Deputy leader, Cornwall Council Liberal Democrat group nish ancestors, further a closer relationship with the Mr Folkes wrote in his blog: "Some people will suggest it is offen- other Cornish societies affiliated with the CAHS and sive. And they are right. Not because being likened to a gypsy or throughout the world, and continue our relationship traveller is an insult. It isn't. But because the two backgrounds are with Cornish: past, present, and future. so entirely different. What Cornwall Council has done in designing this form is to create a 'bucket' category for anyone who doesn't The planning committee will continue to put infor- appear to fit into 'normal' definitions. mation together and a final “feasibility” vote of the Councillor Dick Cole, leader of Cornish nationalists Mebyon Ker- Cornish Society of Greater Milwaukee will take now, called it "madness". He said: "The whole point is to make people's identities clear, so if you amalgamate it, what's the place at the annual St. Piran’s celebration. With the point?" next President’s Letter I hope to give more specif- Cornwall Council said in a statement: "We would like to thank the ics! Until then “Gool Peran Lowen” (Happy St. individual who has pointed out the inappropriate wording on this Piran’s Day)! form and apologise unreservedly for any offence this may have caused. "We are already in the process of updating the form as Tom part of the welfare reform changes. In the meantime, we will en- sure that any remaining forms in circulation will be manually amended. We are very proud of our culture and heritage and are committed to promoting the Cornish identity as well as celebrating the diverse cultures which make up our communities." Maggie Smith-Bendall of the The National Federation of Gypsy Liaison Groups said identifying Gypsies and travellers separately was a help to the community in the provision of council services. "The mistake was that they did not have an additional box. I think someone was rushing the job."

BBC News Cornwall 31 January 2013 From the newsletter of the Cornish Assoc. of New South Wales 2 Correspondence from Societies Fire at Michigan Tech Library and Cousin Jack website On September 30 the following story was reported by Ga- brielle Mays. "The preservation of Michigan Tech archive documents Sue Cox of Toronto Cornish Association has started a continues Monday after a fire broke out in the library base- new international newsletter. It is called “Cousins Jack ment last Friday. The State Fire Marshall was on the scene and Jenny Conquer the World”. Monday, but the exact cause of the fire has not been deter- CORNWALL IN IRELAND: Distances matter, and the mined. Michigan Tech says the fire did not damage an ex- London Cornish travel widely in the British Isles. One tensive amount of material, but water from the sprinkler found an old Cornish mining settlement in Ireland at the system damaged 200 square feet of materials. Six hundred site of a copper mine (not surprisingly). This is located at eighty eight boxes of wet documents were sent to a freezer Allihies, on the Beara Peninsula. There is also an old facility in Green Bay. The documents will then be sent to Methodist Church built by Cornish miners, now a muse- Fort Worth, Texas to a freeze-drying facility to remove the um. If you fancy a trip to Ireland, I note there are the moisture from the wet documents. Coppermine holiday homes in Allihies . "There's certainly going to be some items that probably will ANNUAL SERVICE: Speaking of Methodists, the London not be usable again. We think at this point that maybe as Cornish have their own chaplain (Rev. Michaela Young- few as a dozen boxes, maybe 20, so it's a very small por- son, born in ) and an annual church service at the tion that probably will never be back here and usable Methodist Central Hall Westminster. In what seems to me again," said Erik Nordberg, MTU archivist. a strikingly non-Wesleyan approach, the preacher, Rev. Some of the documents that were damaged include rec- Stephen Wild, gave a PowerPoint presentation on Chris- ords of some area mining companies, records from the tian life in Cornwall and some of John Wesley's activities steelworkers union at the White Pine Mine, and photo- there. I wonder what Wesley would of thought of Power- graphs. Nordberg says the items that were pulled out im- Point? Next year the preacher will be the Anglican Bishop mediately and saved from damage include genealogy rec- of Truro. ords. According to officials, less than 20 percent of the doc- METHODIST ANCESTORS: An earlier Family History uments in the archives were affected. Their collection of Day explored tracing one's Methodist ancestors. One newspapers and blueprints are safe. Some documents source was materials held by the Library of the Wesleyan are also being housed in a dry room within the basement." Historical Society at Oxford Brooks University, including The university reported that dozens of staff, faculty and the main Methodist periodicals and Conference minutes students came from all over the campus to the scene to which have been made available online by MAP help. Custodial staff worked into the night removing water (Microform Academic Publishers) at and setting up humidifiers to begin the drying out process www.britishonlinearchives.co.uk. Records of various of the library. Archives service will operate on a limited ba- Methodist missionary societies are held by the Library at sis starting on Monday, Nov. 19. An area will be accessible the School of Oriental and African Studies in London. through the library’s north stairwell and will operate from 1 Editor: Excellent read—Congratulations to 5 p.m., Monday, Wednesday, and Friday . If you have ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ any further questions, please call (906) 487-2505." ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Keweenaw Heritage Center Calumet, Michigan Summer 2013 Kernewek Lowender is great “ Calumet 1910-1914” For bookings you musn’t be late Discover A Woman’s Place In the Community Or you’ll miss the best sessions, At Home Fairs, dancing and lessons. In the Work Force So in May, please remember the date.

Kernewek Lowender newsletter 3 Correspondence con’t: WDYTYA?

“Pastry rolled out like a plate We’ll be there Piled with turmut, tates and mate Doubled up and baked like fate, ONCE again the Cornwall That’s a Cornish ” Family History Society will be and continues “Any good pastry may be used for , making its presence felt at the but it should be neither too flaky nor too rich. Swede turnip country’s biggest gathering of may be used but for ‘show purposes’ only one strong fla- family history enthusiasts. vour is preferred. Cornish women are known for their infi- The society will have a full team nite variations of the humble pasty, inspiring a saying that of executives, researchers and other helpers at the vast the Devil will never cross the River Tamar into Cornwall Who Do You Think You Are? Live show at London’s for fear of being put into a pasty!” Olympia from 22-24 February 2013. From May Cocks’ book in the Cornish Association of South Aus- Billed as the world’s leading family history event, the tralia newsletter ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ show gives visitors access to genealogy experts, in- formative workshops and more than 160 specialist Bid Submitted for New exhibitors and celebrities from the television series that Archive Centre for Cornwall inspired it. A major milestone in the Council’s aspirations to The CFHS team will be led by chairman Ann HICKS create a new home for its archives and Cornish stud- th assisted by committee member Mike HICKS, adminis- ies collections was reached on the 30 November trator Laurence SMITH, researcher Janice FEATHER- with the submission of an application to the Heritage STONE, London-Cornish representative Lorna LEAD- Lottery Fund for £9.8 million match-funding. The BETTER and several other volunteer helpers. project will transform the derelict Redruth Brewery Visitors to the stand will be helped with their enquiries site and create a state-of-the-art facility to care for by having access to the society’s huge database. The and improve access to these internationally im- stand will be well-stocked with books, data discs, maps portant collections. If successful at the round one and numerous other Cornwall-related items of use to assessment in April 2013, there will then be an 18 family history researchers and available to purchase. month period to consult researchers, staff, partners A special feature will be made of the society’s mam- and volunteers on the building design, service provi- moth war memorial project and visitors will be encour- sion and a Cornwall-wide activities and events pro- aged to provide helpful input about Cornish relatives gramme. who lost their lives in any of the wars of the past two From the Archives and Cornish Studies e-newsletter centuries. There will be a special welcome for anyone *************************************************** offering their help in gathering information that is vital Cornish Association of New South Wales celebrates Aus- to the project’s success. tralia Day Celtic Festival in Bradfield Park, Milsons Point The show will also provide an opportunity for anyone January 13. thinking of joining the society to fill out a membership form and become more closely involved with research- ing their Cornish connections. From CFHS newsletter ======

Look for up coming News of a Gathering in 2014

From Cornish Assoc. of New South Wales newsletter

4 Correspondence con’t: Condolences: Dynargh - Welcome Thelma L. Havekost April 21, 1924—October 25, 2012 "Christmas is coming, the geese are getting fat, Sadly, we recently learned from one of her daughters that Thel- Please to put a penny in the old man's hat. ma (Tresidder Hunter) Havekost, 88, died October 25, 2012 in If you haven't got a penny, then a ha'penny will do. Milford, NE. Thelma was born in Centralia, Kansas to Frederick and Lillian If you haven't got a ha'penny, then God Bless You!" Tresidder. She married Martin Hunter in 1948, and they raised their daughters in New Jersey. After Martin’s death, the family The Cornish Society East celebrated their holiday moved to Nebraska where she later married Robert Havekost. meeting for 2012 at the Wharton United Community Thelma was very proud of her Cornish Heritage and enjoyed Church at St. John's, Wharton N.J. 07885. meeting with others who shared her interest. It brought her joy in her last years to have met many other Cornish “folk”. She Barry Tracy, editor of their newsletter also shares was instrumental in forming the Nebraska Cornish Society and some news on the storm Sandy. keeping it going.

SUPER STORM SANDY IN OUR Stanley E. Howard NEW YORK CITY AREA We express our sympathy to Marion Howard, long time leader It a few short words -- it was absolutely devastating! of the Southwest Wisconsin Cornish Society, and her children in the loss of her husband, Stanley E. Howard. Stan, a descend- The whole world was witness to the destruction, and ant of several pioneer Wisconsin families, passed away Satur- many of our members suffered in more ways than day, January 12, 2013 in Darlington, WI. Among his many other one. I personally was without heat and electricity for activities, Stan was a member of the Southwest Wisconsin Cor- 12 days. Other than that, I was reasonably rather for- nish Society and the Lafayette County Historical Society. He tunate. The first week after the storm, lower Manhat- also served the community through the preservation of the Octa- tan was without power, and I could not work that gon Building at the fairgrounds, restoration of the depot, and co- week at all. Also, I did not have the time or the ability managed the moving of the warehouse building to the depot site to work on the Crier without electricity. Therefore, which now serves as a Historical Railroad and Agricultural Mu- this issue is only six pages long. That said, we hope seum. everyone will be able to get back to normalcy as soon ______as possible. From the Cornish Society East newsletter Others probably know of this, but it's a new discovery for ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ me. There's a free magazine online at the "Cornish Story" website. You can click on the issue, then read each page. My is Erwan Le Bihan and I am an active mem- It's full of interesting articles re history, and wonderful pho- ber of a Celtic Breton community in Manhattan, BZH tos. Of course, I'm prejudiced, as the cover article in one New York. Here's our association's website: issue delves into the tall ships at Charlestown! http://www.bzh-ny.org/index.php The site is at http://www.cornishstory.com/magazine.html Julie Mosman, Cornish List Serve I would like to know whether there is a Cornish asso- +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ciation in the Tri-State Area (NY, NJ, CT) or at least a kind of Cornish network here. We try to join other Celtic associations actually to or- ganize common events. Best regards, Erwan [email protected]

Tommi has put him in touch with the Cornish Society East group.

From the CousinJack website Christmas Party

5 From Southern Sons of Cornwall newsletter Correspondence con’t: Mind your (minority) language: Welsh, Gaelic, Irish and Cornish are staging a comeback QUOTE "We will not receive the new service because it is Thanks to impassioned campaigners, Welsh is in fine fettle, and but like a Christmas game, but we will have our old other minority languages are also on the up, as Holly Williams service of Matins, Mass, Evensong and procession discovers. in Latin as it was before. And we the Cornyshe men As a teenager in Wales (whereof certain of us understand no Englysh) ut- in the late Nineties, I terly refuse this new Englysh ’ – Cornish uprising was not a fan of Welsh; 1549 it was easy to mock and ______moan about. There was the translation of my GETTING OLD village's road sign, so it was both in 'English' Remember to be kind to the old folk, for they are worth a and Welsh: Llandegley and Llandgelau. There fortune. They have silver in their hair, gold in their teeth, was Wales's exciting stones in their kidneys, lead in their feet, and gas in the new building, the Millen- stomachs. I have become a little older since I last saw nium Stadium, known in you and a few changes have come into my life. Frankly the native tongue as Stadiwm y Mileniwm. Silly! I’ve become a frivolous old girl. There was missing Channel 4 shows from Six Feet Under to Sex I’m seeing five gentlemen every day. As soon as I wake and the City so that we could have Welsh medium S4C instead (it up Will Power helps me out of bed, then I go to see John. featured a sitcom called Pam Fi Duw?, which translates as 'Why Next it is time for Uncle Toby, who is always followed by me God?' – summing up my feelings perfectly). I resented being Billy Tea. When they’ve left, Arthur Ritis shows up and forced to study. stays with me for the rest of the day. He doesn’t like to Fast forward to 2013, and I don't live in Verona, but nor do I live stay long in one place, so he takes me from joint to joint. in the Valleys (it's London, predictably). But whether it's age or absence, my feelings towards Welsh have mellowed. I like the After such a busy day, I’m really tired and glad to get to different perspective a rural upbringing has given me, and rather bed with Johnny Walker. wish I was able to say more than "Wyt ti'n hoffi coffi?" ("Do you What a life! Oh yes, I almost forgot I’m also flirting with Al like coffee?"). Zymer. The Vicar called the other day. He said, that at my The actual usage of minority languages is very slow to change, age I should be thinking of the hereafter. I told him that I but hearts and minds can be quicker. Since I left Wales, the visi- do that all the time. No matter where I am, in the garden, bility of Welsh and other UK minority languages seems to have in the kitchen, in the bedroom, in the sitting room, I al- rocketed; and there's been a burgeoning interest in both localism, ways ask myself … now what am I here after? and genealogy – people want to know what their great- Thanks to Jennifer Meston .. no, I’m sure it was sent to grandparents spoke. There has also been a raft of language acts, her! enshrining rights for speakers of minority languages in law, while Both from the Cornish Association of NSW newsletter our understanding of the benefits of bilingualism has prompted a sea-change in the educational arguments. I have a hunch my feelings are typical of a wider shift in public opinion – but what difference has that made to minority language-speaking commu- nities around the UK? If you look at the recently-published census results for 2011, not much. The number of people who speak Welsh has actually fall- en in the past decade: there were 582,000 speakers in 2001, but 562,000 last year – a drop from 21 per cent to 19 – despite an increased population. The census results for Northern Ireland show an increase in Irish speakers, but only by 1 per cent (from 10 per cent up to 11). Data on Gaelic and Cornish is not yet avail- able. The stats were grasped by pressure group Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg – The Society – who promptly de- clared the language "faces a crisis". Cymdeithas was founded in the Sixties as a radical group committed to non-violent direct ac 6 Language con’t: immersion model is used successfully in Wales. The difference between that and one or two hours of Welsh a week is probably tion to save Welsh (they became infamous for defacing signs in marked." Estyn, the Welsh school inspectors, concur – their 2011 protest at the lack of translation and going to jail for refusing to annual report concluded that Welsh as a second language, in pay bills where forms were only sent in English). I met a English-medium schools, wasn't meeting standards: "Many teach- spokesperson, Colin Nosworthy, at the Mochyn Du, a Welsh ers are not confident enough and lack the knowledge to teach language-friendly pub in Cardiff (I almost asked for "Coffi, os Welsh at an appropriately high level". No wonder the Welsh As- gwelwch yn dda", but bottled it). He likened Cymdeithas' origins sembly Government funds sabbatical Welsh-learning courses for and activity to other civil-rights groups: "I do sometimes describe teachers. us as a Greenpeace for the language". So perhaps it's no surprise that people are opting for fully immer- While historically considered by some as the lunatic fringe of sive education – yn Gymraeg (in Welsh). Davis insists the de- language campaigners, Cymdeithas' pressure has helped pro- mand is there – from parents, at least. "The numbers are obvious- duce serious gains for the language. Welsh now enjoys official ly increasing, and in places like Cardiff and Newport, we've seen status; public services are obliged to have language schemes a massive increase in the Welsh-medium education sector in the and bilingual provision; Welsh education is available from nurse- past 10, 15 years. That's mainly in response to parental demand." ry to university; laws protect your right to speak Welsh in the It's the same story in Scotland – even if the overall numbers of workplace. However, there are still battles. Gaelic speakers are decreasing, thanks to an ageing population "The most pressing thing is the future of Welsh-language com- of native speakers, Gaelic-medium schools have become a popu- munities – experts say, without some communities where Welsh lar option. No schools are required to teach it, and there's no is the main language, the language will struggle," says Noswor- move to make it mandatory, but Minister for Scotland's Lan- thy. "Affordability of housing, planning rules, young people mov- guages, Alasdair Allen, commented "the number of people who ing away to look for work, economic factors… all these things speak Gaelic is around about 60,000, and the population is quite are damaging the Welsh language as a community language." scattered – it's quite a different situation [to Wales], so it's not a The census results bear out this fear – in traditional heartlands, question of forcing the language on anyone. In education, the Carmarthenshire and Ceredigion, usage has dropped below 50 biggest problem the government has is … trying to meet the de- per cent. mand for education, which is in some ways quite a happy situa- Welsh still has the greatest legislative protection in the UK, how- tion to be in. Thirty or 40 years ago, no one would have heard ever, and it's increasing. Since April last year, Meri Huws has Gaelic from a teacher; you've gone from that to a situation where been employed in the new role of Welsh Language Commis- about a third of primary kids in the Western Isles have their edu- sioner, investigating complaints about discrimination or lack of cation in Gaelic units. Despite what you sometimes read in some services. While she was shocked by the census results, she papers, Gaelic is not actually that contentious. There's broad pub- does point to a shift in attitudes within her lifetime: "the change lic support." has been incredible, in terms of not only acceptance of the lan- Fiona Dunn, from the Gaelic department at the University of Glas- guage, but a real pride". Anti-Welsh feeling is in decline – and gow, suggests that "the whole Gaelic scene in Scotland has part of that is enshrining the language's status in law, she be- changed dramatically in the past 30 years. But that's still fairly lieves. recent. Unfortunately, language development is a very long and "It gives a status to the language, and more than protects, it slow process. People are so quick to… criticise the money that's actually develops the language; it gives Welsh speakers in being spent on it." Wales a certain confidence in expecting quality services," says Cost is always a thorny issue. But most campaigners dismiss it, Huws. "There's a social-psychological side to it, as well as the with prickly disdain: if more people speak Welsh and we employ pure statutory side: status and confidence, which lead to more them, it's no extra cost for them to produce materials also in usage." Well – hopefully. Welsh; if a child is taught in Gaelic, that's not an extra teacher, it's The other big success has been Welsh-medium education. The just one that speaks a different language… advantages of bilingualism are now well recognised – there's no This is another hot new topic: minority languages are not about evidence a child's English will suffer if they are educated primar- nostalgia for the past or a romanticised Celtic identity, but a skill ily in another language, and they're more likely to pick up further set. It's a slightly circular argument – speaking Gaelic is only use- languages. Minority-languages expert, Professor Colin Williams, ful if people are required to provide services in Gaelic, which is tells me that at Cardiff University they "are developing a strategy likely to come about because of language campaigners – but it which sees Welsh in a European context: it's part of European still marks a shift in the terms of engagement. For young learners, mainstream where trilingualism may be the norm." a second language becomes another string to the bow in a tough Educational provision, in some areas, now goes way beyond the jobs market. ineffectual class or two a week I experienced. Pressure group "People see Welsh as a skill set, not an affair of the heart or tribal- Parents for Welsh Medium Education (RhAG) – which turned 60 ism or cultural loyalty or nationalism," suggests Williams. "Some last year – has been instrumental in demanding local authorities students see that as being advantageous for their future employa- provide schooling fully through the medium of Welsh. Their bility." chair, Lynne Davis, explains: "When children arrive without a Independent Today (to be concluded next issue) word of Welsh, it's astoundingly easy for them to pick it up. The 7 Tom and Libby Luke Preserving Cornish History in Australia

Background As a new comer to the Legacy User Group (LUG) of the Genea- logical Society of Victoria (GSV), I soon became intrigued with Tom and Libby Luke’s amazing and shared journey that spans the preservation of the Cornish culture and history in Australia (mainly in the goldfields of Bendigo and copper fields of South Australia) and electronic genealogy program education.

Preservation of Cornish culture and history Tom, as a descendent of Cornish great grandparents, has con- tributed to the preservation of this unique culture through his 20 year membership and leadership of the Cornwall Association of Victoria (CAV). He is a past president of the 1,000 strong CAV Bards of Gorseth Kernow. This again helps preserve Cornwall’s and was made an Honorary Life Member in 2005 in recognition unique spirit through literature, language, music and the arts. of his valued and distinguished contributions in the areas of CAV leadership and executive management, Cornish history In recognition of his significant contribution to researching and education and genealogy research, information gathering, re- preserving Cornish history, Tom was awarded the prestigious Paul cording and distribution. Smales Medallion by the London Cornish Association in 2000. Most tellingly in 2003, Tom was appointed a Cornish Bard in the One of Tom and Libby’s most passionate interests relates to name of Colon Hag Enef Yn Bendygo (Heart and Soul in Bendigo) researching and promoting the contribution of thousands of for his significant contribution to his local Cornish community and Cornish immigrants who left their homeland for the goldfields of understanding of . Similarly, Libby was appointed Victoria and copper fields of South Australia (particularly Burra) a Cornish Bard in the name of Rosen Wynn Bendygo (White Rose from 1855. Cornish immigrants, because of their expertise in of Bendigo) for her contribution to her local Cornish community relevant mining techniques (steam winding and hard rock min- and understanding of Cornish language in 2008. ing), were workers of choice. Tom is an expert on this phenom- enon and their resultant life here. Accordingly, he has given Electronic genealogy program education scores of presentations at Cornish (and non-Cornish) exhibi- Since the advent of electronic genealogical recording in1980 tions and celebrations Australia-wide. His informative sessions through programs like Legacy Family Tree (Legacy), Tom and and scores of media interviews have maintained the memory of Libby have been at the forefront of educating hundreds of Victorian such an amazing era in Australia’s mining and immigration his- genealogists on the operation of these programs through VicGUM tory and Legacy User Group (LUG) under the umbrella of GSV. They have been members of VicGUM since 1987 and formed the LUG Tom and Libby’s extraordinary contribution is best illustrated by in 2004 with a fledging membership of six. The LUG soon attracted the dozens of CDs and publications of databases of Victorian, 50 participants who developed their skills in Legacy through a South Australian and Cornish cemetery gravestones they have structured instructional program. Today LUG has 150 members. produced. These pictorially record over 300,000 gravestones Between 2004 to the present day, Tom and Libby have trained and each is matched with all known cemetery records. This is hundreds of Legacy users in its extensive functionality across sev- a most demanding and meticulous pursuit involving negotiation en major versions. They are regular contributors to LUG’s on-line with the relevant cemetery trust for access to records, grave- message board, providing specialist advice to home based Legacy stone cleaning, multiple digital photography, electronic record users. Tom and Libby have given scores of presentations and keeping and confirming with official records. Given that most demonstrations on the use of Legacy at many Victorian venues gravestones eventually deteriorate and become unreadable, the and were GSV Library volunteers. value to future generations of this monumental genealogical While Tom and Libby have moved back to their beloved Bendigo and historic task cannot be under estimated. This truly is a gilt and become valued members of the Bendigo and District Cornish edged gift to genealogy and inestimable public service. Association, it is hoped that their passions will not flicker, and con- tinue to be an inspiration to us all. In addition to producing many cemetery CDs, Libby (with Tom) produced a CD Rom entitled Burra to Bendigo, which is about Written by Vaughn Duggan in Bendigo Magazine December Cornish immigrant Thomas Ninnes and the trek of the Cornish 2012 Miners in 1852. Libby also produced a DVD entitled An Gernow a Geryn (The Cornwall We Love), which has been sold world- wide,with all profits going to support Gorseth Kernow and the 8 The Eustice Family part 2 Daniel Eustice’s machine was so successful that a new building By Dorothy Beckwith with all the tools needed to manufacture the machines was built. One very good customer was the Standard Oil Company, which William Eustice and Mary Williams paid $6,000 for its first machine. Armour Meat Packing Company William Eustice and his wife Mary Williams had been was another good customer as Mr. Eustice designed the machine married a short time and had a little son Richard age four in such a way that any product in any type of packaging could be months when the family left Cornwall in 1840. They eventually filled. Apparently there were three cuts to the machine. Number added seven children to their family. One was rated at 2,000 pounds per hour, Number Five at 4,500 Their first stop was in Pennsylvania where John pounds per hour, and Number Three at 7,500 pounds hourly. This Eustice before him had also worked to earn the money to come was quite an improvement over men filling cans and other packag- forth to Elizabeth, Jo Daviess County, Illinois. ing by hand. How many pounds do you think a human could fill per William Eustice became a lead miner in Jo Daviess hour? County for a few years with a sojourn of about two years in the Daniel Lewis Eustice and his wife Charlotte Hicks Toms copper-mining regions of Lake Superior. He took his family with had at least three children, Charles Edward Eustice, Alfred LeRoy him, which was not always the case with the miners. He was Eustice, and Mary Ellen Eustice. successful enough to return to Elizabeth to purchase seventy Son Charles Edward Eustice was president of the Gale- acres of land and to settle down to farming. In an unfortunate na Manufacturing Company. He was born in 1878 in Elizabeth and accident of nature, he and his son William Jr. were both killed came to Galena with his parents when he was six years old. He by a stroke of lightning in 1858, or I’m sure we would have more was a graduate of the Galena schools, and received a degree of to tell about him. electrical engineering from Armour Institute of Technology in Chi- Young Richard Eustice, born in Cornwall, was de- cago. prived of many of the advantages in the way of schooling and Charles worked in Chicago and then returned to Galena social training, as he worked mainly on the farm until he was in 1911 where he associated himself with his father in the Galena twenty. He then began a seventeen year career teaming for the Manufacturing Company. He was elected president of the compa- firm of Greene & Goldthorpe, proprietors of a lead blast furnace ny in 1922. at Elizabeth. His other duties included weighing the mineral at Son Alfred LeRoy Eustice was born in East Dubuque, the mines before hauling it to the furnace. A portion of this was Dunleith Township, Jo Daviess County, Illinois, in 1884 but grew transported to Galena for shipment elsewhere. up in Galena. Alfred, greatly influenced by his father, had a love for In 1865, Richard was married to Mary, daughter of mechanical research. William and Jane (King) Tippett, all Cornwall natives. Richard One of Alfred L. Eustice’s greatest inventions came about and Mary had six children. About 1878 Richard and his brother- because he recognized the importance and the greater need of in-law, William Tippett, began a five year lease on a 146 acre safety requirements in the transmission of electric current. This farm owned by the Honorable Henry Green which Richard later resulted in his invention and development of the “drop out” renewal purchased in 1882. A self-made man, Richard Eustice was suc- link which made possible the renewable type of fuse that was put cessful due to his own persevering efforts. to use throughout the world. So, just as his father before him in- vented when he found a need for something, the son did the The John G. Eustice and Elizabeth Smith Family same. And each was successful in his inventing, with his products John G. Eustice was born in Crowan, Cornwall in being used, not only locally or nationally, but internationally as 1806. He married Elizabeth Smith and they came to Elizabeth, well. Jo Daviess County, Illinois. It is their illustrious offspring who Alfred Eustice was a multi-faceted, multi-talented, Cor- added so much to the world. nishman. He was president of the Economy Fuse & Manufacturing Their son, Daniel Lewis Eustice, was born in Eliza- Company and a member of the Board of Trustees and the execu- beth but lived in Galena. He was married to Charlotte Hicks tive committee of the Illinois Institute of Technology. Because he Toms, the daughter of William Toms and Mary Grace Susan recognized the need of engineering education, he was an ardent Hicks. supporter of the Armour Institute as director of the Armour Re- Daniel Lewis Eustice was a well known inventor. When search Foundation. he went to work as superintendent of the Superior Axle Grease He was an author and two of his books, one written in factory in Galena, he, in typical Cornish fashion, found a need 1910, have been reprinted and are currently for sale on book sites for improvements. I’ve said it and I repeat: “The Cornish see at $39.99. They are technical and have a high rating: Nernst Glow- what needs to be done, and they get it done, or by golly, they er: Its Development, Characteristics, and Application to Illumina- invent something to do it.” Within a few years, Daniel Eustice tion Practice and Effects of Quality of Surface and Color upon Ab- had designed, invented, patented, and built machines that sorption of Light. greatly reduced the cost of manufacturing. For instance, up until Alfred Eustice owned and lived on a farm where he raised that point, the grease cans at the Superior Axle Grease factory saddle horses. The farm also contained a wild-bird refuge which in Galena were filled by hand because nowhere in the world was recognized by the state of Illinois and the federal government. continued bottom next page was there a machine that could do this. 9 McDonald’s Starts Food Fight by Calling British Pasty a Meat Pie

McDonald’s describing a pasty as a meat pie is like calling a Big Mac a beef sandwich, say British bakers. (Photograph: Stock Connection Blue / Alamy/Alamy) McDonald's has become embroiled in a row with West Country bakers after telling American tourists that a British "pastie" is a "meat pie". The fast-food giant uses the description in a visitor guide to use- ful English words. Pasty makers in Devon and Cornwall described the comparison as "incredible". Phil Ab- bott, director of Plymouth-based Ivor Dewdney Pasties, said: "I'm sure people will find it very funny to hear a pasty described as a 'meat pie'. A pasty isn't a meat pie. A meat pie is a meat pie. A pasty is wrapped in pastry. A pie has crust. And a pasty contains a lot more than meat." He added: "McDonald's should know better – and they should know how to spell pasty. It's like calling a Big Mac a beef sandwich. "If American tourists want a meat pie when they're in England, they should simply ask for a meat pie." Mark Muncey, chairman of the Cornish Pasty Association, said the two were different, adding: "We are confident that many visitors to the Olympics will have enjoyed a real pasty during their visit and been able to make the distinction for themselves." McDonald's, a sponsor of the Olympics, defines "pastie" in a list of Useful Words for Visiting London, found on the cover of its commemorative London 2012 reporter's notebook . www.guardian.co.uk ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Beckwith con’t: knew exactly how to help a patron in the most efficient amount of time. Everyone knew her, appreciated her help, and groaned if it His character was summarized in various publications happened to be her day off. and in his obituary as: “He had a stubborn singleness of pur- Galena and Elizabeth, Jo Daviess County, Illinois, is pose – a job well done.” And: “He hoped for nothing in return extremely proud of the Eustice families from Cornwall. but loyalty from his employees.” And: “His benevolence to his ======fellowmen was hidden under a cloak of silence and few knew what pleasure it gave him to help the unfortunate.” And, finally: “His achievements are milestones and an inspiration to those who were so fortunate to be associated with him.” As you read of the characteristics of the Eustice men, I’m sure you recognize many which can be applied to the Cor- nishmen you know. However, they most likely were not written about so we are glad for these recorded words of a few. Now, before we leave the John G. Eustice family from Crowan, Cornwall, and as to not devote our study exclusively to the male population, let’s look at a very lovely Cornish lady: the third child of Daniel Lewis Eustice and his wife Charlotte Hicks Toms. Everyone knew her as Mary Eustice Dodds, for she was very proud of her Cornish roots and her family name. She was our Galena librarian, and she was outstanding. She was perhaps five feet tall, very slender, with hair pulled back in a little roll across the back. She wore a fine hair net which was barely noticeable but kept her hair “proper”. She always wore a dress of suitable length, usually with a small floral pattern and Spotted in Lismore, Australia by Owen Trembath with a white collar. She wore a narrow belt around her slim I waist. She had the voice of a librarian, very hushed, but she n the Cornish Association of New South Wales newsletter spoke distinctly so that every word was heard and understood despite its quietness. She knew every book and author, and 10 The Road to Nostalgia

I didn’t really need an excuse to revisit my native Cornwall yet again but in October my reason was compelling. I had recently finished the first draft of the manuscript of my historical novel The Miner and the Viscount set in Cornwall in the late eighteenth century. The next steps were to flesh out the descriptions, add color and authenticity, and verify facts. For this I needed to visit with my editor (who happens to be my wife) the places and the connections to the people in the book. Then I will polish and rewrite with a view to publishing this summer.

I planned the trip meticulously. I sought out the people who could help improve the book and arranged to meet them. I confirmed appointments and made reservations for transportation and accommodation. I created a spreadsheet detailing contacts and itinerary. My wife added European maps to our G.P.S. Every detail was covered.

Nothing went wrong until we arrived at Heathrow airport and picked up our rental car. For an extra £90 we agreed to add my wife as a second driver, just in case. Then my American tourist took over from my Cornish native. “So how about an upgrade?” I demanded. Obligingly, my economical stick-shift sub-compact was replaced by a spacious leather- seated luxury, fully automatic, sedan with a driver’s manual the size of the Encyclopedia Brittanica. A triumph for the enter- prising New World – we’ll show those stuffy Brits!

Driving tenaciously on the left, I circled the airport several times to find the elusive exit, explaining to my nervous passenger that I was just getting used to a strange car. Then there came a surprise. It started to rain – not unexpectedly. But the amazing car’s windshield wipers leapt into action of their own accord! I had scored a real coup. What a negotiator! What a car! With the “SatNav” (that’s what we Brits know is the proper name for a G.P.S.) set for Tregrill Farm near Men- heniot, we flew effortlessly southwest down the motorway and across what I still see as the “new” bridge across the Tamar. No more queuing for the ferry.

Our destination was nostalgic. During the war I spent happy summers and Easters with the Hocking family at Tre- grill Farm, when we couldn’t go to our bungalow at Polzeath because of mines and barbed wire across the beach. New owners have since created five holiday cottages out of the old cow barns. The SatNav directed us off the main road on to a narrow lane signposted to Menheniot. I tried to convince myself that I remembered the high hedges and blind corners. I failed to drive with the precision, speed and daring of my youth. My wife screamed, “Get over, my side of the car is right against the hedge.”

I screamed back, “I can’t, my side of the car is right against the hedge on this side. Why don’t you drive? We paid £90 so you could.” She was unconvinced. “You grew up here. You said you knew where you were going,” and buried her face in her seat belt. My concentration was distracted for a moment when I saw that the reading on the digital speedome- ter had soared to an over confident 5 m.p.h. Now was the time to assert my will over the luxury behemoth that was driving us. Thoughts of best laid schemes ganging aft agley forced me to confess that I should not have tinkered with my plan to rent a sub-compact. Ah well, too late for regrets. Let’s hope the village pub has good cider, better still scrumpy. After an eternity lasting some nine minutes we arrived at Tregrill and thankfully settled into our cottage. It proved comfortable and well-equipped, and I recommend Tregrill (go to [email protected]).

The Miner and the Viscount tells the story of three wealthy families and the people with whom they interact – min- ers, farmers, businessmen, politicians, and preachers. It was the era when Cornwall had 44 Members of Parliament and saw the birth of the industrial revolution, the introduction of the steam engine, and the spread of Methodism. My itinerary included three great houses, mines, museums, and moorland and coastal scenery and villages.

At Boconnoc near Lostwithiel (http://www.boconnoc.com/) we visited the Fortescues. Thomas Pitt bought Bocon- noc in the eighteenth century (along with several “rotten boroughs” and seats in parliament), with the proceeds of the huge diamond he had acquired in India. His descendants, William Pitt the Elder and the Younger, were among the greatest prime ministers of Britain. The Pitts were early investors in china clay, and Josiah Wedgwood the china manufacturer visit- ed Boconnoc. 11 Fortescues married into Boconnoc in the early nineteenth century. The present owners, Eliz- abeth and Anthony Fortescue, have dedicated years to restoring the house. We had coffee in the ornate room to the right of the entrance where I had set a banquet scene. We went upstairs to the library (“That shelf is where your book will go!”) and then to the picture gal- lery.

In the center of the gallery was an elegant mahogany “drum” table on tripod legs. Mrs. For- tescue went to a dresser, took out a plastic tablecloth and spread it on the table. She put out cutlery, a bottle of wine, four Cornish pasties from the local bakery, and then crowned the table setting with a plastic bottle of ketchup. We were their first lunch guests since completing the restoration. It was delightful, laced with stories of the house and their ancestors, many of which will find their way into my book. (Another visitor was Kenneth Grahame, who was inspired by the River Ler- ryn running through the park to write Wind of the Willows.) We were sorry they had to leave to join in the Messiah they had organized in the church next to the house, and sorrier still that time prevented our joining them.

The next day we had a splendid Sunday dinner at The Eliot Arms in St. Germans. In front of the inn is the courtyard where the election described in my novel is set and where the hustings stood, the platform where the candidates addressed the electors and where the votes were recorded. We then drove into Port Eliot (http://www.porteliot.co.uk/) and got a first glimpse of the church beside the house; it has unusual twin towers and was once the cathedral of Cornwall. Then to the entrance of the house where Lord St. Ger- mans greeted us and showed us the treasures accumulated over the centuries. I was drawn to the portrait of my protagonist Edward Eliot and his formidable wife Catherine (cousin of the brilliant Edward Gib- bon). It was by the great West country painter Sir Joshua Reynolds. He was befriended and patronized by Eliots and four- teen of his works hang in the house. Edward Eliot controlled parliamentary seats in my birthplace Liskeard, and in St. Germans and Grampound. He was the first Eliot to be raised to the peerage. Our host explained that he did not obtain the honor for cash, a common practice, but for influence because of his boroughs. The Eliots played a large role in the politics and business of Liskeard where they kept a town house. When I was a boy it was rented to my father’s partner and I remember a tall monkey-puzzle tree in the garden. Things change: today the tree has gone, the lawn is a parking lot, and the house has become a hotel.

On to Lanhydrock (http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lanhydrock/), the finest house in Cornwall, and the home of my fictitious villain. Our host was Paul Holden, architectural historian and director of the Na- tional Trust. Paul had just published a new guide for visitors and told me a lot about the house. He also revealed that the real owners, the Robartes family, were much more vil- lainous than I had imagined. They were money-lenders who amassed 23,000 acres by mercilessly foreclosing on land pledged for loans, much of which turned out to bear tin and copper. They used their money to buy , ending up as viscounts. The Victorian generation comprised ten siblings, but none of them had children. By 1974 the family and the died out; no-one left to complain about being cast as villains.

As we approached the house, we saw the church standing next to it. Three great houses, three neighboring churches. Was there a connection? The answer to this question will be in my next article. Next time we travel to the indus- trial landscape of west Cornwall and visit the mines and steam engines that brought wealth to some and sorrow to many more. We also meet strangers who have become friends through the generosity and willingness to share that characteriz- es the truly Cornish. Until then “Oll an gwylla!”

Richard Hoskin Author of the soon to be published The Miner and the Viscount

12 Items of Interest

Kernow Kerensa is now ‘published’ and can be found on the Amazon Kindle book site. It has a lovely cover painting by Robert Jones. It is a series of articles written by many people who love Cornwall including Ann Trevenen Jenkin. I’ve priced it as low as is allowable and any sales will go to Cornish charities. I’m sor- ry there’s no mechanism for allowing free downloads but if one has ‘Kindle Prime’ it can be borrowed for free.UK price is 90 p and US price is $2.99.

My sincere thanks to all. Go well, Simon Parker, Author

______Australian Authors are busy:

Congratulations to Lilian James, whose book “Anethow Ostralek – the collected stories of Lilian James” was recently printed in Cornwall. This book contains seven stories (all written in Cornish but with an Australian theme), six of which had previous- ly been published as separate booklets. The stories were written to be suitable for be- ginners studying the Cornish language and children of all ages. The new book has a photo of the Moonta Railway Station on the cover, and Lilian’s photo on the back. Copies can be obtained from Kowethas an Yeth Kernewek. The cost including postage to the US is 13:50 GBP. Pay by PayPal, please send your payment to [email protected]. Please quote your full postal address and what the payment is for. We dispatch on receipt of payment.

Cheryl Hayden, from Queensland, who was a speaker at the 2011 Cornish History Seminar held as part of Kernewek Lowender, has just released her novel about the historic Prayerbook Rebellion – “a novel of rebellion, loss and love in16th Century Cornwall”. Referred to by some as the 'Cornish Holo- caust', Cheryl Hayden has written a novel of epic proportions set against the background of the imposition of what were, in effect, foreign ways and alien beliefs on the people of Cornwall and seen through the eyes of ordinary and fearful folk of that time who were caught up in the maelstrom. It is entitled A Christmas Game and is available in paperback from amazon.uk for 12 pounds plus shipping.

Janeen Brian has sent the following email: Thank you for our phone contact this morning re the launch of my latest publication, That boy, Jack, an historical novel set in SA's Copper Coast region c. 1870's. The book is to be published by the prestigious Walker Books publishers and will be released May 2013. The target age is 9 –13 year olds. Stay tuned for more information.

13 Items con’t:

Blinman 150 years The weekend of 13/14 October celebrated both the 150th an- niversary of the opening of the Blinman mine, and the official opening of the tours now operating underground into the actual mine works. Greg Drew once again coordinated a weekend of activities, including a walk around the town (explaining buildings and sites of historical interest), and a surface tour of the mine site before we joined the underground tours. The Blinman Mine was the largest producer, and longest oper- ating mine, in the Flinders Ranges. There were four main peri- ods of mining activity between 1862 and 1907, which resulted in a total production of 10,000 tonnes of copper metal from 200,000 tonnes of ore. The mine was named after a shepherd, Robert Blinman, who discovered an outcrop of copper ore at the site in 1859. From the Cornish Association of South Australia newsletter ======

The Bendigo Historical Society have published a book to celebrate 150 years of Rail to Bendigo from Melbourne.

The editor of this publication is Jim Evans, President of the Society.

It contains over 100 pages of articles, historical and modern day photo- graphs and many interviews by former Railway employees.

It is priced at $15 with $2 for postage and handling inside Australia. The construction of this railway was a fantastic engineering achievement with its tunnels viaducts etc. and opened up the Goldfields of Central Victoria to the world. Remember this was completed just eleven years after the first gold discov- eries. On this the miners and their families arrived in their thousands.

Should you like to purchase a copy of this book they are available at: The Visitor Information Centre in Pall Mall Bendigo Phone 03 5434 6060. Or the Bendigo Historical Society Phone 03 5442 1005 on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

I am sure that Tom and Libby Luke would be able to help in purchasing a book. Email: [email protected]

14 Items con’t: Images of Cornwall

Do you need a gift for someone who has everything? Do you want to add to your own Cornish memorabilia? Do you want to start a collection of images of Cornwall? Photography, greeting cards, prints, calendars, and magnets are available featuring: flowers, sunsets, beasties, places, sea and surf and boats, beach and fishing stuff.

Check out the website www.ripplingwaves.com. From the Cornish Society of Greater Milwaukee newsletter +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Digital Imaging Essentials: Techniques and Tips for Genealogists and Family Historians

By Geoff Rasmussen Published by Geoff Rasmussen, El Mirage AZ, 2012 [Nov 30]

Genealogists use digital imaging technology every day. But what they do not know about it can harm their digital treasures. They have needed a comprehensive, easy-to -read guide, full of illustrated step-by-step instructions to learn how to digitize, organ- ize, preserve, share, and backup their digital collections. Your wait is over. From the very first page you will notice that this book is much more than a boring instructional manual - it is full of real-life examples that not only teach you the right buttons to push, but it thoroughly explains how to get the most of your digital imaging experi- ence. AND this book is written specifically for genealogists!  The do-it-right-the-first-time techniques of scanning old documents, and snap- ping pictures with your digital camera.  How to finally get organized so that you can locate any digital image in under a minute.  Which file formats and file saving techniques to use to properly preserve your digital images.  How to use Adobe's Photoshop Elements and Google's Picasa with illustrated, step-by-step instruc- tions and learn about other software choices.  How to privately or publicly share your images and videos via printing, emailing, Dropbox, CDs, DVDs, or online via cloud technology.  How to access your digital media from any Internet-connected device including your smart phone or tab- let.  How to develop a backup strategy to protect your collections from digital disaster. So if you are ready to take your digital pictures to the next level, go ahead, open the book, and have fun!

Soft cover $19.95 PDF by email $14.95 From http://globalgenealogy.com/new/index.htm

Worldwide Curnow Reunion 4th/5th May 2013 in Marazion, West Cornwall

This coincides with major Cornish Festivals [please google - " 'Obby 'Oss", 1st May and " Furry Day, 8th May"]

Contact: [email protected] for further details. 15 Items con’t:

Mousehole Male Voice Choir Launches New CD

Mousehole Male Voice Choir, one of the leading choirs in Cornwall, launched its latest CD ‘From Cornish Cliffs’ last year at Chapel Street Methodist Church, .

The issue name is also the title of one of the tracks. There are 16 pieces altogether on the CD, some of them are popular titles on the male voice circuit, but the choir included other pieces which need a big choir to make them work and these are not so well known.

When the Mousehole choir was formed in 1909 it was composed of just 12 men from the village who gathered in a net loft to practice Christmas Carols. It has become the biggest choir in the Cornish Federation of Male Voice Choirs. There are now over 80 members who come from further afield to practice in the Sunday School Room of Mousehole Methodist Church on Monday evenings. Visitors are always welcome to listen in on rehearsals.

Many California Cornish Cousins will recall the five performances by the choir in late 1999 when it toured California. Capacity crowds turned out to hear it perform in Grass Valley, San Francisco, Sacramento, Paradise, and in San Jose’s Almaden Valley. Our own Grass Valley Male Choir re- turned the favor in 2002 when it visited Cornwall. See their website:www.mouseholemalevoicechoir.co.uk for orders.

======

Cousins interested in books on Cornish subjects might want to consider getting the substantial offered by Jim Jewell doing business as Cornish Miner in Mineral Point, WI. Like Grass Valley, Mineral Point is a very Cornish town, having been populated by Cornish lead miners since the early 1800s. There is no charge for the list and he ships books postpaid. The address is Cornish Miner, 2073 Sunny Slope Rd, Mineral Point, WI 53565. You can also online at www.CornishMiner.com. I recollect that Jim was able to get a copy of The Mousehole Cat for my dear friend Rosemary.

Dick Chamberlain

Thanks to Kenderwi Kernewek (Cornish Cousins) Newsletter of the California Cornish Cousins for both of these items

16

Members’ Interest Page

By Jim Thomas [email protected]

This is Members’ Interest Page No 17, where we try and connect members who may not know that they are researching the same . I have been doing this page off and on for the past five years and I am hop- ing you are getting some benefit from it. I am currently re-running that have been in previous pages because many of the names in my database appear only once or twice. I am running names with at least four or five people interested. If you have a name you are researching and haven’t seen it on this page, let me know and I will see if anyone else lists that name also. Keep me posted on how you are doing.

Treloar

Nancy Rae Clark [email protected] Claudia Hunt [email protected] Marian Kenedy [email protected] K Moyra Turner [email protected] Ronald Reed [email protected]

Trezona

Nancy Rae Clark [email protected] Barbara Curry 6105 Eden Prairie Rd, Edina, MN 55436 Lon Emerick 355 Heidtman Rd, Scandia, MI 49885 Sarah Jackson 369 W. Broad St, Falls Church, VA 22046 Sharon Markworth [email protected] Gloria Seliga 2395 Echo Trail, Ely, MN 55731 Timothy Trezona 705 Shamrock Rd, Charlottesville, VA 22903 Fran. & Rich. Underwood [email protected]

Trethewey

Michael & Greta Erm [email protected] Shirley Golden [email protected] Kathie Oakden [email protected] Tommi O’Hagan [email protected] Kimberly Osborne [email protected]

Mr. Friggans, Portreath, a dear old figure with a nice turn of phrase, was particularly popular. I see plenty of visitors; welcome on your holidays. I expect a lot of your aren’t Cornish, are you? – he hastened to add – ‘that’s not your fault. You can’t help that, can you?’

Charles Thomas, ‘Memories of a Village Chapel (Gwithian)’, in Book of Memories of Cornish Meth- odism Pt. 2 comp. Thomas Shaw, 1994

17 The CURIOUS CUSTOM of USING ALIASES In 1575, John VOVVEL alias HOOKER, gentleman, published by J. Mosman "Order and usage of keeping the parliament in England" in Lon- don. 75 years later, a genealogist maintains "surnames were just settling into common usage in this section of rural Yorkshire [in While Cornwall is not singular in its use of aliases, the practice 1646], and parish records contain many alias names." The Ireland has been long-standing, and is very important to genealogical TENURES ACT, 1662, contains mention of dame Jane CHICHES- researchers. Many 'brick walls' can be attributed to this cause; TER, alias ITCHINGHAM, wife, and in Foxe's Book of Martyrs, but with luck, perhaps an aged person with a good memory, and Catherine Finlay alias . lateral thinking, one may overcome the difficulties.

By the end of the 18th century, as surnames were more or less As John Chynoweth said, in his book "Tudor Cornwall", "There static, use of an alias was not as pronounced in "respectable" fam- are particular problems in identifying some individuals in Cornwall ilies, and by the mid-1800's such use became associated with because of the many families which changed their , criminals, and those trying to escape their past. used aliases or , had more than one living child with the same , or had cadet branches with the same sur- Most historians believe that the use of Cornish Surname aliases name." These practices were not limited to "the gentry" who, usually reflects one of the following circumstances: because of land interests, made limited use of patronymics. Ac- cording to Chynoweth, in the 1569 Muster Lists, 41% of the able- 1. Retention of patronymics. During the 16th century many men bodied men of St. Ives thus mustered had the forenames of their were reluctant to abandon ancestral names and consequently re- fathers as surnames. tained the forenames of their fathers or grandfathers as surnames.

For example William HARRY of in 1547 was described What is properly termed an 'alias'? The online 1911 Encyclopedia as William HARRY alias WATT - Watt being his grandfather's fore- says: name.

ALIAS - (Latin for “at another time”) [or “otherwise”], a term used to connect the different names of a person who has 2. Retention of topographical reference points - especially in rela- passed under more than one, in order to conceal his iden- tion to a manor or place name from which some families derived tity, or for other reasons; or, compendiously, to describe their surnames. A case in point is that of John RICHARDS of the adopted name. The expression “alias dictus” was for- Bosavarne (1547) who had a son Thomas BOSAVARNE (1620) merly used in legal indictments, and pleadings, where ab- who had a son Martin THOMAS alias BOSAVARNE (1620). solute precision was necessary in identifying the person to be charged, as “John Jones, alias dictus James Smith.” One can often determine where a person lived, as well as other The adoption of a name other than a man’s baptismal or tidbits, by their surname; for example, JOHN RIPPER alias CRO- surname need not necessarily be for the purpose of de- ception or fraud; or fall thus under HALL, or Cariohall, (meaning "of Crawle"). In the 16th century, it the description of an alias. Where a person is married un- was not unusual for a farmer to be born and grow up on a particu- der an alias, the marriage is void when both parties have lar farm, for example Tresize, and be known as John Thomas knowingly and wilfully connived at the adoption of the ali- TRESIZE, son of Thomas TRESIZE; he would then marry, and as, with a fraudulent intention. either buy or rent another farm, and become John Thomas TREGONNING; lastly, as a prosperous farmer, he moved to a Evidently, by 1911, the term had negative connotations, much bigger farm, and became John Thomas TREGAIR (which in but that was not so in earlier times. Cornish means “camp town”.).

In Cornwall, use of surname aliases occurred most frequently in 3. Commemoration by descendants of a marriage to a heiress, or the period when use of surnames was being established - the to a member of a "socially superior" family. 1460's to 1600's. By the 1500's, the practice of using alias sur- names in Cornwall was sufficiently established for them to be In some cases, persons legally changed their names to obtain an recorded in official documents, as evidenced by frequent men- inheritance from a line in their family which was in danger of 'dying tions in various registers -especially those of Breage - wills, and out'. In St. Austell, Sir CHARLES GRAVES SAWLE GRAVES is manorial court documents. One of the earliest uses of aliases in such an example. He was Charles Graves Sawle, with his moth- Cornwall was a marriage in Liskeard in 1540 for Thomas LAW- er's maiden name as his second name; on his maternal uncle's RENCE alias CODE. The last mention in this line appeared in death, he took that gentleman's surname, and became his legal 1761, in Callington, recording the death of Margaret LAWRENCE heir. alias CODE. For this family, use of the alias was worthwhile for 221 years. 4. Illegitimacy. For example John RESKYMER had an illegitimate son with Margaret GERBER named John RESKYMER alias GER- In other parts of Britain, use of surname aliases became common BER. In later generations the son may well have been baptised as in the 1500s for southern areas, slowly spreading northward. 18 John Reskymer GERBER which, as with the use of an alias, Interestingly, one example is William Stanbury TREGLOWN, served the purpose of publicly proclaiming his parental origins. whose paternal grandmother was Jenifer STANBURY; "Stanbury" came from the village near Morwenstow where they lived. Not only 5. Rights of inheritance, and other economic reasons. is he an example of the use of paternal grandmother's names, it ties to "topographical" references too. For instance, in the days of copyhold land, a persons’ entitlement to land was recorded only in the manor court rolls. Deeds as we Less frequently, the maternal grandmother's name was used. Of know them did not exist. The only “proof” one had that one course, the mother's maiden name was also used in naming chil- owned particular land was in the “copy” rolls. If a woman was dren. Many families followed this practice. It always is worthwhile widowed, and later remarried, the children of her first marriage to investigate "middle" names as possible maiden names for a often took the name of the step-father. But, to maintain their right mother or grandmother. to their inheritance, they would use the step-father’s name as an alias. There were variations in this practice. In one well- In all these cases, use was made of the names to distinguish a documented case, circa 1558, William CAMBORN(E) married particular line, or family, from another, and to tie the family to the Elinor Wilton PAYNTER, a widow with seven children, and adopt- maternal line as well. ed the surname of her first husband, becoming William CAM- BORNE alias PAYNTER of Trelissick, St. Erth. Their descend- A very well-known Cornish habit was to give names to people ants used both Paynter and the alias, with the use of Paynter which tied into personal features, or a person's job, etc. The result eventually overtaking the use of . Of course, aliases could be a teasing name they never escaped (Moley Brown). In might be used in cases of adoption, as well. addition, many ordinary Cornish folks 'adopted' a forename of their own choice, and were known by that name throughout their life- It must be kept in mind that not everyone in a particular family time, especially toward the end of the 1800's. Ellen THOMAS of used the same, or any, alias, and an alias might be used by Camborne took the name "Nance", and was married and buried someone who married into the family, not just those born into it. under that name; all records of Ellen disappeared after her bap- As the example from Liskeard shows, the use of particular alias- tism. es could be a long-lived practice; in that case, the alias was maintained for 221 years. The West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser newspaper of 1836-1855 often mentioned aliases; most were ordinary names, but some Fortunately, the use of two (or more) surnames sometimes ap- were slang. For instance: pear in wills, the benefactor wishing to be unambiguous about John HORN alias HORNABROOKE the potential beneficiary. Manorial records and, later, land rec- Frances LETCHER, alias KEAST (a widow) ords may also be sources of information. Spelling, however, was Mrs. Nancy DOWNING, alias DUNN, ELIAS, BRYANT (precisely fluid, and most frequently records were in Latin. (for suggestions as printed - she was marrying J. WILLIAMS, her 4th husband) with translating Latin, see below) Alfred PURELL, alias Alfred PILCE John KELLY, alias John MARTI, alias LITTLE JACK As for forenames, traditional Cornish naming practices almost Elizabeth CULLIS, alias Rough Face Jack (she was pock-marked) guaranteed several persons with the same fore-and-surnames Samuel GLASSON, alias The Ferret, of Truro (quite infamous in occurred in every generation, which encouraged the use of nick- his day) names and aliases. One often finds variations on a theme, such Francis O'NEILL, alias "One-eyed Lankey" as a man called Tiny (because he was a very big baby), a father called John, and a grandfather called Jack -all of whom were And of course, the infamous John Nicholas TOM, alias Sir William legally named John. Percey Honeywood COURTENAY of Canterbury, who succeeded in fooling an entire county into believing he was of noble birth. See 1. Persons were often given the fore-names of their godparents. the West Briton transcriptions, June, 1838 for his story. In the 1550's, five ERISEY daughters were baptised; four of which were given the name of one godmother. It benefits a researcher to keep in mind that names found in the census which don't agree with baptismal records are not neces- 2. Many families gave multiple children in the same generation sarily a mistake - they could reflect an alias. the same forename - for instance, Marianne SYMONS, Mary Ann SYMONS, Mary Anne SYMONS, and Mary SYMONS in Ruan As Jim Thompson, a Cornish Rootsweb lister, has said -"These Lanihorne circa 1815-1830. Be sure to check for burial records, aliases or nicknames can often help with genealogy, or more often as assuming Marianne b. 1817 is the same person as Mary defy attempts to figure them out until more research is done." Anne, b. 1828, could lead to quite interesting, and misleading, results! "My great grandmother was born Catherine Berryman, but was always called Katie Clinch and later Old Katie Clinch. The Katie bit 3. During the early 1800's, the Cornish adopted the custom of was self-evident, and later the old bit was logical as she lived to using Paternal Grandmother's names as second given names. 19 be 104, but Clinch was a mystery until I obtained some old large The West Briton Project scale maps and some help from Rick Parsons. She was born at

Polmanter Water in according to all family lore, but there on the map at Polmanter Water was a tiny lost hamlet of The West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser is the weekly newspaper read “Rough and Clinch”. When I did get her birth certificate it was by Cornish Cousins since 1810. Not unlike some modern newspapers, listed as Clinch Towednack". the West Briton had stock market reports, accident coverage, ‘world’ news, bankruptcy hearings, police activity reports, births, marriages, "My great grandfather Philip Hosking was known as Black Fel, deaths, and Letters to the Editor. It also included reports from the Coun- due to his dark eyes and hair." try Corn Markets on sales of wheat, barley and oats, reports by mine of the volume of ore sold, purchaser, and the price, West Country railway One genealogist has been quoted as saying “I attribute the use traffic by numbers of miles in operation and the amount of ‘receipts’. Shipwrecks were often reported in a country surrounded by so much of aliases to the Cornish sense of humor, and a plot to discour- water and marine activity and these would sometimes have dramatic age genealogists in future generations.” Unfortunately, for many, reports of rescue activities – and perhaps pillaging ! that is all too true. There is no doubt that the use of aliases can be a fascinating, if not perplexing, topic for all genealogists stud- The paper reported not only events in Cornwall, but the wanderings of ying the history of Cornish surnames. Cornish all over the globe. Many consider it the best available source on Cornish life during the 19th century emigration of the Cornish from Corn- Latin for Genealogists - wall. It is a valuable resource for Cornish Cousins researching their heritage. Latin links at http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/LatinNotes.html St. Piran’s Society of Minnesota is proud to have initiated the project to http://freereg.rootsweb.com/howto/latinnames.htm (helpful for purchase the West Briton on microfilm to make this resource available in learning how first names are spelt, so you can recognise them . With the contributions of individual members, regional societies and matching funds from CAHS, microfilm of 52 years of the more easily) paper have been purchased. The collection includes all years of the paper from 1836 through 1887. Some reels of microfilm contain more http://www.genealogy-quest.com/glossaries/latin.html - a good than one year of the paper. dictionary list of words Whatever your personal research interests, we sincerely hope you will for help with deciphering old writing, take advantage of the opportunity to use this valuable resource. The http://sitesearch.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/st? microfilm is available for interlibrary loan from the library at the University words=transcribing+old+handwriting of St. Thomas in St. Paul, MN. There is no charge for loans, but it is asked that requests be limited to three reels at any time, or less if you With thanks to Garry Hooker of New Zealand, Jim Thompson, need to spend a lot of time on each reel. The loan period is six weeks Clare , Thomas Bennett, Errol Walling, Danny Lawrence, including shipping time. Although St. Thomas does not normally circu- late microfilm via interlibrary loan, a special arrangement has been made Kenneth Heard, and members of the Rootsweb Cornish list for for these films. To use the microfilm through interlibrary loan, you must their help. request the film through a public library and use it at the library.

Julia M. A second set of microfilm is available for use on site in the Special Col- lections section of the St. Thomas library. [ Address below] West Briton Transcriptions, 1836-1856 at http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~wbritonad Information needed for requesting Interlibrary loan of the West Briton films: Address: Interlibrary Loan, Mail 5004 St. Austell Area History and Genealogy at O’Shaughnessy-Frey Library http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~staustell 2115 Summit Ave. St. Paul, MN 55105-1096 Editor’s note: Julia and many others work as OPC’s (Online Parish Clerks) for the various parishes in Cornwall. They tran- OCLC symbol: MNT scribe data and make it available for FREE on their website: Phone: 651-962-5405 Cornwall-opc.org. They also are willing to help with research in FAX: 651-962-5406 their various parishes. (They will answer questions and look up a family but PLEASE do not take advantage of them, by asking St. Thomas library prefers to receive requests via OCLC but will accept them to be your researcher. They are not paid to do this.) ALA request forms sent via fax or mail.

See The West Briton Project in the next column.

20 TIS ME tions to William the Conqueror who gave Cornwall to his highest ranked soldiers after 1066. This year’s Panto is “Santa in Space” which gives the impression that it is a very modern show but actually was It did not take me long watching the huge seas hitting the written in the 19th century. cliffs and beaches to remember that over the years the cove has witnessed several shipwrecks, and according to several Of course the show has been brought up to date with pop- tales has buried treasure under the many banks of sand. ular modern songs and updated slap-stick comedy, it is a very funny show, so I hope many local people turn up. For the first night, which is usually the quietest the hall was about haft full but they were a good audience and got right into the spirit of panto, so all went well, only one hitch was the lighting failed for a few seconds, someone threw the wrong switch, but was quickly dealt with.

Lorna enjoyed her new role backstage making sure eve- ryone was dressed right for the scene, it can be surprising how with the excitement the cast can get this wrong, of course like all shows she was also involved in minor re- pairs, having all her repair kit with her. In 1526 a Spanish ship was wrecked, with valuable riches In the summer months is a wonderful place to worth millions of pounds now. Whilst in 1785 a large seago- visit, but I prefer going there at this time of the year for ing vessel of the same country met the same disaster losing a many reasons, first there are no visitors for apart from the cargo of tons of silver dollars in wood containers. The noto- village people I have it almost to myself. rious Buccaneer Captain Avery, is supposed to have buried countless chests of treasure here, but despite the local peo- ples endless searches nothing has every been uncovered to find the wealth hidden.

Walking along the wonderful cliff paths the cliffs themselves are covered in grass almost into the sea, the little smaller coves are outstanding with soft white sands and sea birds of every kind. nesting on the very shear slopes. The village it- self is very small only about 20 houses mainly fishermen cottages but they are very pretty and a typical Cornish most have been built from the local stone collect from the upper moor lands.

It is almost the furthest village in West Cornwall and jets The photos are from summer. out into the Atlantic and with it’s rare birds, animals and wild plants and shrubs, this along with its wonderful Your Cornish Friend, Brian, Love to all cliffs and coast line.

This place also have a very ancient history, the church called St Winwaloe is a 13th century church and is steadi- ly being exposed to the tremendous seas that sweep into PLAS AN TAVES – Numbers the village, although the houses are a little safer being up on a little higher ground. Language Place - Introducing you to some daily Kernewek, the ancient Celtic language of A little further inland can be seen the site of Winnianton, Cornwall, to practice: which in 1086 was the Manor home controlling most of the south west of Cornwall. Onan (1), Dew (2), Tri (3), Peswar (4),

Pymp (5), Whegh (6), Seyth (7), Eth (8), The Lord was Roger De Carminowe a medieval Christian military soldier and a relation of , but given Naw (9), Dek (10) those dates I would rather think he had strong connect- 21 Member Information Diane Tamulion Surnames: Symons / Helston, Burge / New 2100 Grassy Plains Drive Breage, Roberts, Burge, James / Robert Hawking Surnames: Hawking, Boase, Cook, Menasha, WI Wendron 21 Algonquin Road Thomas, Harry / St. Ives 54952-8934 Chelmsford, MA 920-380-7494 01824-4736 [email protected] Windsor B.Murley Surnames: Murley, Friggens / 978-808-7241 41 Innsbruck Blvd. (see previous renewals) Hopewell Junction, NY Richard J.C. Hoskin Surnames: Hoskin, Runnalls, 12533-8315 8667 Washington Trace RD. Tutton / Liskeard, Hoskin, [email protected] California, KY Collins / Wadebridge 41007-9083 Marion P. Howard Surnames: Eslick. Frances / Old [email protected] 604 Keep Street Kea, Painter / Gwennap, Prisk / 859-468-1955 Darlington, WI Wendron, Northey, Rodda Facebook: The Cornish Chronicle 53530 [email protected] Susan Woodland Howard Surnames: Penrose, Sims, Moule, 608-776-2658 5500 Stoney Creek Place Hornblower, Ferris, Truran / Truro, San Jose, CA Redruth Jeannette Medlyn Surnames: Medlyn, Hotten / 95138-2462 1511 Ravine Side Drive Helston, [email protected] Houghton, MI 408-930-4463 49931 [email protected] 906-482-4110 Renewals James D. Pascoe Surnames: Pascoe, Marshall / St. Shirley Golden Surnames: Pascoe, Edmonds, 358 Sierra Drive Just, Land’s End 12481 N. Bray Road Birch, Bunny Traverse City, MI Clio, MI 49685-9182 48420 [email protected] [email protected] 231-943-0804 810-687-0043

Harold J. Leeman Surname: Julian Mary Lou Pengelly Surnames: Pengelly, Pengilly / 529 N. Francis Avenue 10500 Rockville Pike St. Blazey, Lanlivery, St. Cleer, St. Lansing, MI #G-17 Agnes, Jewell / Calstock, Whitford/ 48912-4212 Rockville, MD St. Agnes, St. Cleer 301-493-6914 Annette T. Harris Surnames: Thomas / Helston, 4150 Bramer Road Blewett / Hayle The inclusion of changes /new information from Sodus, NY continuing members with the listing of New Mem- 14551 [email protected] bers, plus Jim Thomas’ Members Interest Page ap- 315-946-4492 pear to have been encouraging an increase in cor- respondence or networking among family research- Betty R. Yung Surnames: Ivey / Helston, 2015 Cornwallis Pkwy Camborne, Sithney, Pascoe / Sith ers! Cape Coral, FL ney, Helston, 33904 PLEASE be sure to advise the Membership Chair- [email protected] person, Ron Carbis, of any changes in home ad- 239-945-0727 dress, phone number or email address so that you Phyllis L. Igoe Surnames: Champion, Rogers, do not miss any contacts which would be helpful to 720 S. Mitchell Avenue Tangue, Dean, Penaluna you or fail to receive your Tam Kernewek and/or Elmhurst, IL news bulletins or announcements from the Execu- 60126-4372 630-834-3446 22 tive Board.

Officers of the Cornish American Heritage Society for the years 2011-2014.

President - Thomas Rusch, 528 Autumn Crest Dr., Watertown, WI 53094 - [email protected] 1st VP-Education, Nancy Oster Heydt, 1889 Union Place, The Villages, FL 32162 - [email protected] 2nd VP-Newsletter, Carolyn Haines, 3835 Bush Gardens Lane, Holt, MI 48842 - [email protected] Secretary - Jackie Marrone, 999 E. 71st Ave., Denver, CO 80229 - [email protected] Treasurer/Membership Chair, Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 - [email protected] Historian - Richard W. Baker, 1520 Coventry Ct., Reedsburg, WI 53959 - [email protected]

Founding President - Paul Liddicoat, 1920-2001. Past President - Flora “Tommi” O’Hagan Tam Kernewek is published four times a year. Send articles to Carolyn Haines, EMAIL address above. DEADLINES ARE 15 FEBRUARY, 15 MAY, 15 AUGUST AND 15 NOVEMBER

Dues are payable to CAHS: Canadian residents’ dues are $14.00 per year for individuals and $21.00 for families. There are also individual life-time memberships available for $240.00. A Junior Membership is available for young people for $7.00 per year. Please send Canadian dues to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada.

USA residents dues are $12.00/year for individuals and $18.00 for families. There is also individual life-time membership available for a lifetime $210.00 for individuals. Junior Membership available for young people at $5.00 per year. Please send USA dues to: Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 USA

Cornish Heritage Certificates are available to anyone whose ancestor(s) were born in Cornwall and settled in NA. Contact Jeanne Thomas, 3409 Elmwood Drive, Clio, MI 48420 USA for information and applications.

Cornish American Heritage Society Membership Application

Name Telephone

Address

City State/Province Zip/Postal Code

Country Local society affiliation

Email Fax

Surnames of Cornish Ancestors Locations (parish, town, area) More? Please add new page

Dues: US $12 individual, $18 family, $210 Lifetime, $5 child. Send to Ron Carbis, 13 Saint Ives Place, Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457 Canadian $14 individual, $21 family, $240 Lifetime, $7 child. Send to Len Snell, Box 286, Waterdown, ON LOR 2HO Canada

I also enclose $ for Paul Smales Memorial Fund to bring presenters from Cornwall to the Gatherings.

Contents CalendarCalendar Contents IONA, Cornish Settlements 1-3 Kerwenek Lowender Tales of St. Just 3,10 St. Piran’sYorke Day Peninsula— March 5, 2011 Correspondence 4-6 Celebrate withAustralia your local society ElectronicEvening Age of Cornish Films 6 1 21-26 May 2013 President’sThe Cry Message, of Tin Anger 7 2 kernewek.org CorrespondenceThe Cornish Have Talent 37- 6 Kernewek Lowender Getting Old, Mind your language 6-7 Items of Interest 8-10 CaliforniaCopper CousinsCoast Cornish 22nd Gathering Festival Tom and Libby Luke 8 May 31-June 2, 2013 16th Gathering Ad Rates 11 Moonta, Kadina, Wallaroo, Australia The Eustice Family part 2 9-10 Humbug City, California Six Celtic Nations 11 May 9-15, 2011 McDonald’s and Meat Pie 10 The PleaseRoad to NOTE! Nostalgia 11-1112 Interwww.kernewek.org-Celtic Festival ItemsRegistration of Interest Form for Gathering 13 -1216 (TBA) July or August, 2013 Members’Annual Interest Gorsedd Page Conference 1417 Lorient, France The ACurious Cornish Custom Christmas, of Aliases Recipes 18-1420 16th International Gathering The TisWest Me Briton Project 1520 17th Internationalof Cornish Cousins Gathering Tis MeSteven R. Curnow Competition 1521 MineralOf Cornish Point, Cousins Wisconsin MemberMember Information Area 16 22-18 AugustSummer 10 -201414, 2011 White Cross—a Poem 18 Milwaukee,www.cornishfest.org Wisconsin cousinjack.org

Cornish American Heritage Society Ron Carbis, Treasurer 13 Saint Ives Place Gaithersburg, MD 20877-3457

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