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Quest for Literary Selfhood in Contemporary Canadian English Literature Abdus Salam Khalis ∗
Quest for Literary Selfhood in Contemporary Canadian English Literature Abdus Salam Khalis ∗ Abstract Despite being exceptionally rich in land, resources and developmental indexes, Canada has been struggling since long for establishing its due social and cultural identity. The challenge primarily comes from the engulfing influence of Canada’s southern neighbor i.e. The United States of America, in the guise of Pan-Americanism or North-American continentalism. Literary authors and critics have been at the fore-front in feeling and resisting this adverse and overshadowing influence, and have launched from time to time powerful movements to assert their literary selfhood as a nation. Critically evaluating the aesthetic and literary endeavours of enlightened Canadians for this purpose, this paper focuses on the contribution made for achieving that goal during roughly the last half century. It contends that despite having distinct creative and imaginative identities, literary and artistic movements are inherently influenced by broader contexts — social and political phenomena in particular. The contexts that have most substantially influenced the above-mentioned quest for literary selfhood include multiculturalism, Trans-Canadianism, political egalitarianism and literary liberalism. Keywords: Multiculturalism, Trans-Canadianism, Literary selfhood, Canadian English literature Canada’s known history is marked by divergent colonial, continental, hemispherical and global pulls, either occurring successively or existing simultaneously. Despite being the largest country of the two American continents, having the longest border in the world between two countries with the United States, topping the list of the most multicultural and immigrant-friendly nations, and having both English and French as its official languages, it has retained for centuries an unparalleled allegiance to Britain. -
OPEN Federalism INTERPRETATIONS, SIGNIFICANCE Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Open Federalism : Interpretations, Significance
OPEN Federalism INTERPRETATIONS, SIGNIFICANCE Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Open federalism : interpretations, significance. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-55339-187-6 ISBN-10: 1-55339-187-X 1. Federal government—Canada. 2. Canada—Politics and government—21st century. I. Queen’s University (Kingston, Ont.). Institute of Intergovernmental Relations II. Title. JL27.O64 2006 320.471 C2006-905478-9 © Copyright 2006 Contents Preface v Sean Conway Contributors vii 1. Making Federalism Work 1 Richard Simeon 2. Open Federalism and Canadian Municipalities 7 Robert Young 3. Il suffisait de presque rien: Promises and Pitfalls of Open Federalism 25 Alain Noël 4. The Two Faces of Open Federalism 39 Peter Leslie 5. Open Federalism: Thoughts from Alberta 67 Roger Gibbins 6. Open Federalism and Canada’s Economic and Social Union: Back to the Future? 77 Keith G. Banting Preface Canada’s new Conservative government has a short list of priority policies, and it is moving quickly to fulfil the campaign promises made about them. But another theme in the Conservative campaign of 2005/06, and in the par- ty’s pronouncements since its formation, is that of “open federalism.” This attractive slogan may represent a new stance toward the other levels of gov- ernment, and the provinces in particular. But much about open federalism is unclear. What does the concept mean? Is it distinctive, and if so, how is it different from previous models of Canadian federalism? What does it mean in theory, and what are its practical implications for Canadian public policy- making and the operation of intergovernmental relations? To address these questions, the Institute of Intergovernmental Relations engaged several experts to bring different perspectives to bear in exploring the concept of open federalism. -
'-Sp-Sl'-' University Dottawa Ecole Des Gradues
001175 ! / / -/ '-SP-SL'-' UNIVERSITY DOTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES JOSEPH DUBUC ROLE AND VIEWS OF A FRENCH CANADIAN IN MANITOBA l870-191l+ by Sister Maureen of the Sacred Heart, S.N.J.M. (M.M. McAlduff) Thesis presented to the Faculty of Arts of the University of Ottawa through the Department of History as partial ful fillment of the requirewents for the degree of Master of Arts ,<^S3F>a^ . LIBRARIES » Winnipeg, Manitoba, 1966 UNIVERSITY OF OTTAWA SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES UMI Number: EC55664 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI® UMI Microform EC55664 Copyright 2011 by ProQuest LLC All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 UNIVERSITE D'OTTAWA ECOLE DES GRADUES ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis was prepared under the guidance of Dr. Alfred Vanasse of the Department of History. The writer wishes to thank him for his helpful direction, doubly appreciated since it had to be given entirely by mail. The writer also expresses gratitude to Archivist Hartwell Bowsfield and Assistant Archivist Regis Bennett of the Provincial Archives of Manitoba; to the Chancery staff of the Archiepiscopal Archives of St. -
64 J. Stewart Hardy* a Review of Selected Materials in The
64 The Journal of Educational Thought, Vol. 14, No. 2, August I 980 J. Stewart Hardy* A Review of Selected Materials in the Educational History of Western Canada: Opportunities for Further Research The study of the history of education in Western Canada presents educational historians, particularly those interested in reinterpretation and revision, with almost unlimited opportunities. The majority of the relatively small number of publications in this field, a few provincial histories and a small number of articles scattered through the periodicals, tend to glorify past educational achievements as logical steps in the inevitable march of the progress of schooling. Given the quickening interest in "new" interpretations of educational history which this journal has witnessed in the past five years it would appear that the history of education in Western Canada is open to revision. Writing on the historiography of education in the United States Patricia Rooke opened the way for subsequent arti cles by Donald Wilson and David Jones which examined the subject in Canadian context. 1 Wilson and Jones indicated the revisionist advances made in Ontario and there is evidence to suggest that a similar trend is under way in Western Canada. Such advances have been made possible because the majority of the published work pertaining to the history of education in Western Canada is firmly entrenched in what Herbert Butterfield has termed the whig interpretation of history. 2 According to Butterfield such an interpretation views past events as a series of links in an inevitable chain of progress culminating in the present. This interpretation portrays the history of education, or more correctly the history of schooling, as the inevitably progressive development of " good" and "sound" public schools under the leadership of benevolent and farsighted governments, public officials, and reformers. -
From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960S
Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies Revue interdisciplinaire des études canadiennes en France 84 | 2018 Le Canada et ses définitions de 1867 à 2017 : valeurs, pratiques et représentations (volume 2) From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s De la britannicité au multiculturalisme : l’identité officielle du Canada dans les années 1960 Shannon Conway Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/eccs/1118 DOI: 10.4000/eccs.1118 ISSN: 2429-4667 Publisher Association française des études canadiennes (AFEC) Printed version Date of publication: 30 June 2018 Number of pages: 9-30 ISSN: 0153-1700 Electronic reference Shannon Conway, « From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s », Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies [Online], 84 | 2018, Online since 01 June 2019, connection on 07 July 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/eccs/1118 ; DOI : 10.4000/eccs.1118 AFEC From Britishness to Multiculturalism: Official Canadian Identity in the 1960s Shannon CONWAY University of Ottawa The 1960s was a tumultuous period that resulted in the reshaping of official Canadian identity from a predominately British-based identity to one that reflected Canada’s diversity. The change in constructions of official Canadian identity was due to pressures from an ongoing dialogue in Canadian society that reflected the larger geo-political shifts taking place during the period. This dialogue helped shape the political discussion, from one focused on maintaining an out-dated national identity to one that was more representative of how many Canadians understood Canada to be. This change in political opinion accordingly transformed the official identity of the nation-state of Canada. Les années 1960 ont été une période tumultueuse qui a fait passer l'identité officielle canadienne d'une identité essentiellement britannique à une identité reflétant la diversité du Canada. -
The Good Fight Marcel Cadieux and Canadian Diplomacy
THE GOOD FIGHT MARCEL CADIEUX AND CANADIAN DIPLOMACY BRENDAN KELLY UBC PRESS © SAMPLE MATERIAL CONTENTS Foreword / ix Robert Bothwell and John English Preface / xii 1 The Birth of a French Canadian Nationalist, 1915–41 / 3 2 Premières Armes: Ottawa, London, Brussels, 1941–47 / 24 3 The Making of a Diplomat and Cold Warrior, 1947–55 / 55 4 A Versatile Diplomat, 1955–63 / 98 5 Departmental Tensions: Cadieux, Paul Martin Sr., and Canadian Foreign Policy, 1963–68 / 135 6 A Lonely Fight: Countering France and the Establishment of Quebec’s “International Personality,” 1963–67 / 181 7 The National Unity Crisis: Resisting Quebec and France at Home and in la Francophonie, 1967–70 / 228 UBC PRESS © SAMPLE MATERIAL CONTENTS 8 The Politician and the Civil Servant: Pierre Trudeau, Cadieux, and the DEA, 1968–70 / 260 9 Ambassadorial Woes: Washington, 1970–75 / 296 10 Final Assignments, 1975–81 / 337 Conclusion / 376 Acknowledgments / 380 List of Abbreviations / 382 Notes / 384 Bibliography / 445 Illustration Credits / 461 Index / 463 UBC PRESS ©viii SAMPLE MATERIAL 1 THE BIRTH OF A FRENCH CANADIAN NATIONALIST, 1915–41 n an old christening custom that is all but forgotten today, Joseph David Roméo Marcel Cadieux was marked from birth by a traditional IFrench Canadian Catholicism. As a boy, he was named after Saint Joseph. The Hebraic David was the first name of his godfather, his paternal grandfather, a Montreal plasterer. Marcel’s father, Roméo, joined the Royal Mail and married Berthe Patenaude in 1914. She was one of more than a dozen children of Arthur Patenaude, a “gentleman” landowner whose family had deep roots in what had once been the Seigneury of Longueuil, on the south shore of the St. -
Sa Well Beaten Path PUBLIC MEETING
Vol. 23. YIOTOBUy Buy WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1896. ♦♦♦mmmi .................................................... « No. 93. I ,llm ot the X s rions 1 Kporting chib The* Mines ! men Wifi fight St liSipounds. OPPONENTS THK TUXtx, > New Leather Belts I 17’~At A,e"( "’’lay THE EARTH We make a specialty of selling la-rd Kroebcry’s hay home won the rare ttoeks in developed mines that we I i i'î Ho,,t C#P« valued #1 £3tiU know are In the hands of Jegltl- UNOPPOSED and SIAM) eddfd. , .•■•le .mining men who know their . TREMBLED v.rvoe e. l With Stèr-iftîg Silver Buckles btuinesa. If you went to .mho, money in stocks consult ns. Know Cona*mUve« arc I>le*aeied With ■hot President Wyckbff, of the Bank of And Trimmings what yon are buying and you will f*«tr Hetliy Owf-generell- -N«r Amoterdain. and then ahot him- In Japan, and a Wh.,1 with not regret harestlng in B. O. pd Iretdcra. ^ «elf, hat been IdAtffied as lieorge H. dorerai Hundred. ofLtree, At . Ih-tuple, .residing on West Stud street minas. Was Destroyed. Semple he. always borne a good repu 0 Invest. Don’t Specnlate The Political Atrooephere Indicative And yon will Is- all right. W, •fa Sweeping Victory for The Auhterrauean Trouble finntrff Challofler. Mitchell & Co/s, i tan com luce you that our opinion Llhèrali»m. Twwuly Hour, and C.iustre- is worth something. natloe Hetgnetf. •THE JEWELLERS. 47 GOVERNMENT ST. H. Cuthbert & Co’y. Equal to iho Canadian ’Depeeannan- A Terrible Famine .Theeui „« the NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. -
Trevor W. Harrison Anti-Canadianism
IJCS No 35 FINAL 8/14/07 6:31 PM Page 217 Trevor W. Harrison Anti-Canadianism: Explaining the Deep Roots of a Shallow Phenomenon1 Abstract Anti-Americanism is often said to be a central element of Canadian identity. Recently, however, its counterpart – anti-Canadianism – emerged in the United States. This article examines these expressions of anti-Canadianism, situating the phenomenon within the two countries’historical, ideological-discursive, and political relationships. The paper suggests anti-Canadianism in the United States stems from a mix of anti-French sentiment, a refusal to accept the distinctiveness of English-speaking Canada, and a growing divergence of value orientations between the two countries. The paper argues further that anti-Canadianism must be viewed (like its counterpart) according to its polit- ical uses on both sides of the border. Résumé On dit souvent que l’anti-américanisme constitue un élément central de l’iden- tité canadienne. Récemment, toutefois, sa contrepartie, l’anticanadianisme, est apparue aux États-Unis. Cet article examine ces expressions de l’anticanadi- anisme en situant le phénomène dans les relations historiques et politiques et le débat idéologique entre les deux pays. Selon le document, l’anticanadian- isme aux États-unis résulte d’un mélange de sentiment antifrançais, d’un refus d’accepter le caractère distinct du Canada anglais et d’une divergence crois- sante des valeurs entre les deux pays. L’auteur du document soutient égale- ment que l’anticanadianisme doit être examiné (comme sa contrepartie) d’après ses utilisations politiques des deux côtés de la frontière. We are witnessing something new in the [Canadian– American] relationship: the emergence on the American right of a troubling anti-Canadianism, albeit confined to strident voices in the media. -
CHARTERS: the HARMONICS of RIGHTS in CANADA and QUEBEC David Schneiderman*
DUAL(LING) CHARTERS: THE HARMONICS OF RIGHTS IN CANADA AND QUEBEC David Schneiderman* As a result of the entrenchment of the A la suite de l'enchdssement de la Canadian Charter of Rights and Free- Charte canadienne des droits et libert6s doms in 1982, there has emerged in the en 1982, des voix se sont ileves dans province of Quebec a corresponding la province de Quibec en faveur de la call to entrench constitutionally the constitutionnalisationde la Charte des Quebec Charter of Human Rights and droits et libert6s de la personne adop- Freedoms, enacted six years earlier.In tie par le Quebec il y a six ans. Apr~s the fallout of the Meech Lake Accord, l'chec de l'Accord du lac Meech, where the Canadian Charter was seen alors que la Charte canadienne itait as a stumbling block to accommo- considrecomme une pierre d'achop- 1992 CanLIIDocs 28 dating Quebec's demands for distinc- pement t la satisfaction des demandes tiveness, these calls have been renewed du Qudbec concernant la reconnais- in both academic and political circles. sance de son caractre distinct, on a Despite the universalistic rights lan- reitjr6 cette revendication tant dans guage which both Charters invoke, les cercles universitaires que les cer- these apparently differing allegiances cles politiques. Bien que les deux emerged, even more strengthened after chartes prOnent la protection de droits 1990. universels, ces alligeances apparem- The author explores some of the ment divergentes se sont manifesties reasons for these apparently differing avec encore plus de force aprs 1990. allegiances. They arefounded, in large L 'auteur 9tudie certains des motifs part, on differing suspicions about de ces alligeancesapparemment diver- what each Charter entails. -
Trudeau's Political Philosophy
TRUDEAU'S POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY: ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR LIBERTY AND PROGRESS by John L. Hiemstra A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree Master of Philosophy The Institute for Christian Studies Toronto, Ontario ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to thank Dr. Bernard Zylstra for his assistance as my thesis supervisor, and Citizens for Public Justice for the grant of a study leave to enable me to complete the writing of this thesis. TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE...................................................... 2 I. BASIC ASSUMPTIONS.................................... 6 A. THE PRIMACY OF THE INDIVIDUAL...................... 6 1. The Individual as Rational....................... 9 2. The Individual and Liberty....................... 11 3. The Individual and Equality...................... 13 B. ETHICS AS VALUE SELECTION.......................... 14 C. HISTORY AS PROGRESS.................................. 16 D. PHILOSOPHY AS AUTONOMOUS............................ 19 II. THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE STATE....................... 29 A. SOCIETY AND STATE.................................... 29 B. JUSTICE AS PROCEDURE................................. 31 C. DEFINING THE COMMON GOOD IN A PROCEDURAL JUSTICE STATE......................................... 35 1. Participation and Democracy....................... 36 2. Majority Mechanism.................................. 37 D. PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS................................ 39 III. THE DISEQUILIBRIUM OF NATIONALISM................. 45 A. THE STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM...................... -
The Myths That Make Us: an Examination of Canadian National Identity
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 7-29-2019 1:00 PM The Myths That Make Us: An Examination of Canadian National Identity Shannon Lodoen The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Plug, Jan The University of Western Ontario Joint Supervisor Gardiner, Michael The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Theory and Criticism A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Shannon Lodoen 2019 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Canadian History Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Rhetoric Commons, Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons, and the Social Psychology and Interaction Commons Recommended Citation Lodoen, Shannon, "The Myths That Make Us: An Examination of Canadian National Identity" (2019). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 6408. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/6408 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This thesis uses Barthes’ Mythologies as a framework to examine the ways in which the Canadian nation has been mythologized, exploring how this mythologization affects our sense of national identity. Because, as Barthes says, the ultimate goal of myth is to transform history into nature, it is necessary to delve into Canada’s past in order to understand when, why, and how it has become the nation it is today. This will involve tracing some key aspects of Canadian history, society, and pop culture from Canada’s earliest days to current times to uncover the “true origins” of the naturalized, taken-for-granted elements of our identity. -
Canadianism, Anglo-Canadian Identities and the Crisis of Britishness, 1964-1968
Nova Britannia Revisited: Canadianism, Anglo-Canadian Identities and the Crisis of Britishness, 1964-1968 C. P. Champion Department of History McGill University, Montreal A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History February 2007 © Christian Paul Champion, 2007 Table of Contents Dedication ……………………………….……….………………..………….…..2 Abstract / Résumé ………….……..……….……….…….…...……..………..….3 Acknowledgements……………………….….……………...………..….…..……5 Obiter Dicta….……………………………………….………..…..…..….……….6 Introduction …………………………………………….………..…...…..….….. 7 Chapter 1 Canadianism and Britishness in the Historiography..….…..………….33 Chapter 2 The Challenge of Anglo-Canadian ethnicity …..……..…….……….. 62 Chapter 3 Multiple Identities, Britishness, and Anglo-Canadianism ……….… 109 Chapter 4 Religion and War in Anglo-Canadian Identity Formation..…..……. 139 Chapter 5 The celebrated rite-de-passage at Oxford University …….…...…… 171 Chapter 6 The courtship and apprenticeship of non-Wasp ethnic groups….….. 202 Chapter 7 The “Canadian flag” debate of 1964-65………………………..…… 243 Chapter 8 Unification of the Canadian armed forces in 1966-68……..….……. 291 Conclusions: Diversity and continuity……..…………………………….…….. 335 Bibliography …………………………………………………………….………347 Index……………………………………………………………………………...384 1 For Helena-Maria, Crispin, and Philippa 2 Abstract The confrontation with Britishness in Canada in the mid-1960s is being revisited by scholars as a turning point in how the Canadian state was imagined and constructed. During what the present thesis calls the “crisis of Britishness” from 1964 to 1968, the British character of Canada was redefined and Britishness portrayed as something foreign or “other.” This post-British conception of Canada has been buttressed by historians depicting the British connection as a colonial hangover, an externally-derived, narrowly ethnic, nostalgic, or retardant force. However, Britishness, as a unique amalgam of hybrid identities in the Canadian context, in fact took on new and multiple meanings.