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Leadership in Early Education in Times of Change. Research from Five Continents Leadership in Early Education in Times of Change International Leadership Research Forum Early Education (ILRFEC) Research monograph #3 Petra Strehmel • Johanna Heikka • Eeva Hujala • Jillian Rodd • Manjula Waniganayake (eds.) Leadership in Early Education in Times of Change Research from five continents Verlag Barbara Budrich Opladen • Berlin • Toronto 2019 This publication was sponsored by the Robert Bosch Foundation and the Hamburg University of Applied Sciences. © 2019 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0. (CC- BY-SA 4.0) It permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you share under the same licence, give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ © 2019 Dieses Werk ist beim Verlag Barbara Budrich erschienen und steht unter der Creative Commons Lizenz Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ Diese Lizenz erlaubt die Verbreitung, Speicherung, Vervielfältigung und Bearbeitung bei Verwendung der gleichen CC-BY-SA 4.0-Lizenz und unter Angabe der UrheberInnen, Rechte, Änderungen und verwendeten Lizenz. This book is available as a free download from www.barbara-budrich.net (https://doi.org/10.3224/84742199) and from www.ilrfec.org. A paperback version is available at a charge (https://shop.budrich-academic.de). The page numbers of the open access edition correspond with the paperback edition. ISBN 978-3-8474-2199-3 (Paperback) eISBN 978-3-8474-1224-3 (ebook) DOI 10.3224/84742199 Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH Stauffenbergstr. 7. D-51379 Leverkusen Opladen, Germany 86 Delma Drive. Toronto, ON M8W 4P6 Canada www.barbara-budrich.net A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from Die Deutsche Bibliothek (The German Library) (http://dnb.d-nb.de) Jacket illustration by Bettina Lehfeldt, Kleinmachnow – www.lehfeldtgraphic.de Typesetting by Ulrike Weingärtner, Gründau, Germany – [email protected] Printed in Europe on acid-free paper by Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany Table of Contents Foreword . 9 Eeva Hujala, Finland Leadership in early education in times of change – an orientation . 13 Johanna Heikka, Eeva Hujala, Jillian Rodd, Petra Strehmel & Manjula Waniganayake SECTION I: LEADERSHIP PREPARATION AND TRAINING Shadowing as a method in leadership preparation in teaching practice in early childhood teacher education in Norway . 19 Karin Hognestad & Marit Bøe, Norway Supervising and supporting grade R practitioners in South African schools . 33 Matshediso Rebecca Modise, South Africa Mentoring of graduate teachers by educational leaders in early childhood settings: A systematic review of leadership studies from Australia and Finland . 44 Yuki Takahashi Braybrook, Australia Knowledge Transfer in German early childhood education settings: the role of leaders . 59 Daniela Ulber & Petra Strehmel, Germany Which personnel development measures do companies operating daycare centers in Germany use? . 71 Eva Kless, Germany Measures of personnel development in different types of German early childhood education (ECE) enterprises . 84 Petra Strehmel, Germany SECTION II: ENACTING AND DEVELOPING LEADERSHIP IN ECE SETTINGS How do early childhood education directors in Finland see themselves? . 99 Ulla Soukainen, Finland Does leadership exist in early childhood education in Tanzania? . 115 Fortidas Bakuza, Tanzania Leadership diffractions, vibrations and productions – perspectives from Norway . 123 Merete Moe, Norway Developing a learning organization – creating a common culture of knowledge sharing . 138 Per Tore Granrusten, Norway Diversity of the assessments of a joint leadership model in early childhood education in Finland . 154 Elina Fonsén & Marjo Mäntyjärvi, Finland SECTION III: LEADERSHIP AND GOVERNANCE Complexity leadership theory: a framework for leading in Australian early childhood education settings** . 173 Leanne Gibbs, Frances Press & Sandie Wong, Australia Implementing the Norwegian framework plan – organizational and leadership translation strategies** . 187 Birgitte Ljunggren and Kari Hoås Moen, Norway Current Japanese leadership roles in meeting social changes in early childhood education . 201 Chika Inoue & Masayo Kawakita, Japan Investing in Hamburg’s future – early childhood education and children’s day care in Hamburg . 216 Jan Pörksen & Dirk Bange, Germany SECTION IV: INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS Working as early childhood centre directors and deputies – perspectives from Australia, Finland and Norway** . 231 Leena Halttunen, Margaret Sims, Manjula Waniganayake, Fay Hadley, Marit Bøe, Karin Hognestad and Johanna Heikka International review of ECE leadership research – Finland, Germany, Japan, Singapore, South Africa and the United States under Review . 253 Elina Fonsén, Jan Varpanen, Petra Strehmel, Masayo Kawakita, Chika Inoue, Shaireen Marchant, Matshediso Modise, Tunde Szecsi & Clarisse Halpern The TALIS Starting Strong Survey: implications for the leadership discourse in early childhood education and care . 277 Daniel Turani & Simone Bloem, Germany Epilogue . 291 Jillian Rodd, England Vitae . 298 Keywords . 305 Foreword Eeva Hujala, Finland As an Emerita Professor based on my long academic carrier as a researcher and trainer, I affirm the importance of leadership in Early Childhood Education (ECE) for daily work practice in ECE settings. Likewise, the demand for ECE leadership research and training has been growing over the past few decades and today, there is more clarity about the directions we need to take into the future. Both academic researchers and EC leaders on all levels of ECE governance have demonstrated this growing importance of EC leadership work. But still, leader- ship research has taken only its first steps. The demand for increasing research-based knowledge on EC leadership is huge as being experienced by leadership actors and specialists on the ECE field including the academic and professional organizations. This book offers- re search-based knowledge on EC leadership at an international level. The authors are international specialists on leadership in ECE. Their up-to-date articles chal- lenge the readers to dialogue with EC leadership practice and renew their un- derstandings, knowledge and skills based on contemporary leadership research. My preliminary experience on EC leadership research goes back to 1990s. It was a period of slow beginning on research concerning leadership issues in ECE. This research and its status was not at all highly considered among academic researchers within the ECE field. In 1990s I was leading the International Lead- ership Project (ILP) where ECE researchers from Australia, Britain, USA, Russia and Finland were involved in exploring EC leadership within a cultural context. My co-operation and friendship with editors of this book Doctor Jillian Rodd and Professor Manjula Waniganayake began during ILP established in 1997. The rapid growth and new challenges in ECE as well as the emergence of new EC leadership researchers such as Doctor Johanna Heikka and Professor Petra Strehmel, today in 2018, EC leadership is not questioned any more. Some twenty years on, in most academic contexts in ECE today, leadership knowledge and un- derstanding is highly appreciated. Doctor Jillian Rodd is recognized globally as an international pioneer on EC leadership. Doctor Rodd wrote her first leader- ship book in 1994 ”Leadership in Early Childhood. The Pathway to Professional- ism”. She has continued to be an active writer and trainer mentoring both novice and experienced leadership researchers. I dare to say that Doctor Rodd is one of the most well-known, read and quoted ECE leadership researchers among ECE students in the whole world. She has inspired many EC leadership researchers in https://doi.org/10.3224/8474219901 Foreword numerous countries. Dr Rodd also encouraged me to engage in ECE leadership research. I’m very thankful for her enthusiasm and support over the years. Since the 1990s she has been travelling around the world as “a leadership ambassador” in order to convince the importance of leadership in developing high quality early childhood education. Manjula Waniganayake is a Professor at Macquarie University in Australia, a Docent of EC leadership as well as honorary Doctor of ECE at the Universi- ty of Tampere, Finland. She has contributed to the internationalization of ECE leadership through her collaborations with IRLF researchers. She is a globally appreciated leadership researcher. Professor Waniganayake has renewed lead- ership paradigm through her studies. In her culturally oriented EC leadership research she has replaced the narrow leader centered thinking by opening the dialogue on distributed leadership paradigm involving the whole EC governance into leadership. She also continues to serve as a mentor for many ECE students interested in studying leadership issues around the world. Doctor Johanna Heikka from the University of Eastern Finland and Profes- sor Petra Strehmel from Hamburg University of Applied Sciences in Germany have courageously opened new perspectives into EC leadership discourses. Doc- tor Johanna Heikka is a highly appreciated ECE specialist who has emphasized pedagogical leadership and teacher leadership as core issues in EC leadership. She argues that these leadership roles are key
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