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Remote Sensing Application to Assess Resilience in Coastal Communities

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Remote Sensing Application to Assess Resilience in Coastal Communities Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School Remote Sensing Application to Assess RMinegysainlgi Cehenn ce in Coastal Communities Follow this and additional works at the DigiNole: FSU's Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY FAMU-FSU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION TO ASSESS RESILIENCE IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES By MINGYANG CHEN A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2020 Mingyang Chen defended this dissertation on April 14, 2020. The members of the supervisory committee were: Eren Erman Ozguven Professor Co-Directing Dissertation Tarek Abichou Professor Co-Directing Dissertation Piyush Kumar University Representative Maxim A. Dulebenets Committee Member Jeffrey P. Chanton Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above-named committee members, and certifies that the dissertation has been approved in accordance with university requirements. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS During my study in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Florida State University, many people have helped me in different ways. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-advisors, Dr. Eren Erman Ozguven and Dr. Tarek Abichou for their guidance, patience, encouragement, and endless support throughout my degree program. I am grateful to my committee members, Dr. Piyush Kumar, Dr. Maxim A. Dulebenets and Dr. Jeffrey P. Chanton, for their assistance and committee work. I also would like to thank Dr. Jaap Nienhuis, who was also my advisor at beginning of my program. His encouragement and guidance helped me start this dissertation. Lots of thanks to my parents for their continuous support and encouragement. My relatives and friends in China and the U.S. have been an integral part of my study here. Additionally, I would like to acknowledge all of the faculty, staff, and my fellow graduate student colleagues of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................. vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... vii Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................1 1.1 General .................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Problem Statement ...............................................................................................................3 1.3 Research Objective ..............................................................................................................3 1.4 Scope ...................................................................................................................................4 1.5 Chapter Overview ................................................................................................................4 2. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATION: A CASE STUDY OF COASTAL BARRIER ISLAND .......................................................................................................................................5 2.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................5 2.2 Background ..........................................................................................................................6 2.2.1 Barrier Island System ................................................................................................6 2.2.2 Overwash and Critical Width Concept .....................................................................6 2.2.3 Models Using Critical Width Concept ......................................................................7 2.2.4 Study Area .................................................................................................................8 2.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................................9 2.3.1 Data Acquisition and Processing ............................................................................10 2.3.2 NDWI, Masking and Vectorization ........................................................................10 2.3.3 Barrier Island Morphologic Analysis ......................................................................11 2.3.4 Critical Width Analysis ...........................................................................................12 2.4 Results ................................................................................................................................13 2.5 Discussion and Conclusion ................................................................................................15 3. DEVELOPING CITY-WIDE HURRICANE RISK MAPS USING REAL-LIFE DATA ON INFRASTRUCTURE, VEGETATION AND WEATHER ...............................................16 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................16 3.1.1 Problem Statement ..................................................................................................16 3.1.2 Research Objective..................................................................................................17 3.2 Background ........................................................................................................................17 3.2.1 Literature Review ....................................................................................................17 3.2.2 Study Area ...............................................................................................................19 3.2.3 Hurricane Michael ...................................................................................................19 3.3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................21 3.3.1 Dataset Preparation .................................................................................................21 3.3.2 Model ......................................................................................................................24 3.4 Results ................................................................................................................................28 iv 3.4.1 Risk Factors .............................................................................................................28 3.4.2 Normalized Weighted Risk Index ...........................................................................36 3.5 Conclusions and Future Work ...........................................................................................36 4. USING REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS AND COMPARE THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY TROPICAL STORMS AND HURRICANES ON A FLORIDA GULF COAST COMMUNITY ................................................................................................40 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................40 4.1.1 Problem Statement ..................................................................................................40 4.1.2 Research Objective and Scope ................................................................................41 4.2 Background ........................................................................................................................42 4.2.1 Literature Review ....................................................................................................42 4.2.2 Study Area ...............................................................................................................44 4.2.3 The Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale.............................................................44 4.2.4 Overview of Selected Hurricanes............................................................................45 4.2.5 Hurricane Intensity and Track .................................................................................47 4.3 Methodology ......................................................................................................................48 4.3.1 Damage Assessment with NDVI Change ...............................................................48 4.3.2 USACE Debris Estimation Model ..........................................................................50 4.3.3 Comparative Analysis .............................................................................................52 4.4 Results and Discussion ......................................................................................................52 4.4.1 Damage Assessment with NDVI Change ...............................................................52 4.4.2 USACE Debris Estimation ......................................................................................60 4.4.3 Comparison of USACE and NDVI Change Based Approaches .............................63 4.5 Conclusions and Future
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