Pappus Chain

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pappus Chain Pappus Chain ​ ​ Ruisi Ma & Yimeng Liu Background Properties Arbelos Center of the Circle Art: The term "arbelos" means All the centers of the shoemaker's knife in Greek. An arbelos is combined circles in the Pappus chain The World Necklace Mathematically inspired Poster with three semicircles which are shared with one of are located on a common ellipse, for the following ​ ​ (2015) the others, all on the same side of a straight line that reason. The sum of the distances from the nth circle contains their diameters. These three circles are also to the two centers U (Largest)and V (Second) of tangential from each other. (Weisstein, 2020) the arbelos circles equals a constant: (Weisstein, Cosmic Evolution: The Rise of Complexity in Nature by Eric J Original: Chaisson . The Arbelo was first introduced in the book of 2020) Lemmas.The book of Lemmas is Thābitibn Qurra's @koji_glass (2019) Coordinate ​ book attributed to Archimedes. It consists of fifteen If r = AC / AB then the center of the nth circle is: propositions on circles. From Wikipedia. Further Research: Pappus Chain 1. How kind of applications are there for the Starting with the circle P 1 pappus chain? tangent to the three (Weisstein, 2020) 2. How could the properties of the pappus semicircles forming the Distance from bottom to nth circle’s center is n chain also apply to the steiner chain? ​ 3. How to use the pappus chain to calculate the arbelos, construct a chain of tangent circles P i , all time radiums: ​ ​ ​ area in geometry? tangent to one of the second small interior circles Using inverse geometry theory, and to the largest exterior one. Constructing an The circle with diameter AB Reference: infinite chain of tangent circles is called the Pappus gets mapped to the vertical line koji_glass. (2019). Picuki. Www.Picuki.Com. ​ ​ chain (left figure).(Weisstein, 2020) through B′ , and the circle with https://www.picuki.com/media/1786800340121983561 Lambie-Hanson, C. (2017, November 30). Circle Inversion and the diameter AC gets mapped to the Pappus Chain. Point at Infinity. Mathematician: https://pointatinfinityblog.wordpress.com/2017/11/30/circle-i Pappus was an ancient Greek mathematician. He vertical line through C′ . Our nversion-and-the-pappus-chain/#post-5609 SolunaDesign. (2015). Items similar to The World Necklace(Pappus was also the last great geologist at Alexander Pappus chain is transformed by inversion into an Chain) Mathmatically Inspired Poster on Etsy. College. His book. "Anthology of Mathematics" is infinite tower of circles. From that we could find the Etsy.https://www.etsy.com/listing/237094720/the-world-necl of great significance to the history of mathematics. ace-pappus-chain height of the circle : H3 = 3d3 = 6r Weisstein, E. W. (2020, April 25). Arbelos. Mathworld.Wolfram.Com. (Lambie-Hanson, 2017) https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Arbelos.html .
Recommended publications
  • 1. Math Olympiad Dark Arts
    Preface In A Mathematical Olympiad Primer , Geoff Smith described the technique of inversion as a ‘dark art’. It is difficult to define precisely what is meant by this phrase, although a suitable definition is ‘an advanced technique, which can offer considerable advantage in solving certain problems’. These ideas are not usually taught in schools, mainstream olympiad textbooks or even IMO training camps. One case example is projective geometry, which does not feature in great detail in either Plane Euclidean Geometry or Crossing the Bridge , two of the most comprehensive and respected British olympiad geometry books. In this volume, I have attempted to amass an arsenal of the more obscure and interesting techniques for problem solving, together with a plethora of problems (from various sources, including many of the extant mathematical olympiads) for you to practice these techniques in conjunction with your own problem-solving abilities. Indeed, the majority of theorems are left as exercises to the reader, with solutions included at the end of each chapter. Each problem should take between 1 and 90 minutes, depending on the difficulty. The book is not exclusively aimed at contestants in mathematical olympiads; it is hoped that anyone sufficiently interested would find this an enjoyable and informative read. All areas of mathematics are interconnected, so some chapters build on ideas explored in earlier chapters. However, in order to make this book intelligible, it was necessary to order them in such a way that no knowledge is required of ideas explored in later chapters! Hence, there is what is known as a partial order imposed on the book.
    [Show full text]
  • Conic Sections
    Conic sections Conics have recurred throughout this book in both geometric and algebraic settings. Hence, I have decided to dedicate the final chapter to them. As the only conics appearing on IMO geometry problems are invariably circles, the results proved in this chapter are largely irrelevant. Nevertheless, the material is sufficiently interesting to be worthy of inclusion. Sections of cones With the obvious exception of the circle, the conics were first discovered by the Greek mathematician Menaech- mus who contemplated slicing a right circular cone C with a flat plane . Indeed, the term ‘conic’ is an abbrevia- tion of conic section . It is more natural to consider C as the double cone with equation x2 y2 z2. If cuts both cones, then the conic section is a hyperbola . If it cuts only one cone in a closed curve, it is an ellipse . The intermediate case, where the plane is inclined at exactly the same slope as the cone, results in a parabola . Observe that x2 y2 z2 is the equation of a projective circle; this explains why all conic sections are equivalent under projective transformations. We define a Dandelin sphere 5 to be a sphere tangent to both C (at a circle *) and (at a point F, namely the focus ). The plane containing * intersects at a line ", known as the directrix . 1. Prove that the directrix is the polar of the focus. For an arbitrary point P on the conic, we let P R meet * at Q. 2. Prove that P Q P F . 3. Let A be the foot of the perpendicular from P to the plane containing *.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Steiner Chains with Möbius Transformations
    ExploringExploring Steiner Chains Steiner with Chains Möbius with Transformations* Möbius∗ Kristian Kiradjiev AMIMA, University of Oxford In this article, we use circular gardens, Steiner’s porism and For the sake of simplicity, we will limit ourselves to simple Möbius transformations to construct Steiner chains of tangential closed chains, i.e., wrapping only once around the inner bound- circles. We then explore some interesting area optimisation prob- ing circle. In Figure 1, we show a simple closed Steiner chain, lems and touch on Soddy’s hexlet and the Duplin cyclide. consisting of n =7circles. A lot of fascinating properties have been discovered so far. For example, it is known that the centres of the circles in the chain lie either on an ellipse (or circle) when one of the bounding circles 1 Introduction lies within the other, or on a hyperbola if not. Also, the points of tangency between the circles in the chain happen to lie on a cir- teiner chains are a beautiful example in circle geome- cle [1]. More interestingly, using inversion, a feasibility criterion try. A Steiner chain is defined as a chain of n circles, each has been established in [1] for whether a closed Steiner chain is S tangent to the previous one and the next one, and also to supported for a given n and a pair of bounding circles. two given non-intersecting circles [1], which we will call bound- The problem we aim to tackle in this article, is somewhat the ing circles. We focus exclusively on Steiner chains, one of whose opposite: given n positive numbers, does there exist a pair of bounding circles lies within the other.
    [Show full text]
  • Poncelet's Theorem in Finite Projective Planes and Beyond
    Research Collection Doctoral Thesis Poncelet's Theorem in finite projective planes and beyond Author(s): Kusejko, Katharina Publication Date: 2016 Permanent Link: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-010682687 Rights / License: In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection. For more information please consult the Terms of use. ETH Library Diss. ETH No. 23366 Poncelet's Theorem in finite projective planes and beyond A thesis submitted to attain the degree of DOCTOR OF SCIENCES of ETH ZURICH (Dr. sc. ETH Zurich) presented by Katharina Kusejko MSc Math. ETH Zurich born on 01.10.1989 citizen of Austria accepted on the recommendation of Prof. Dr. Norbert Hungerb¨uhler,advisor Prof. Dr. Alexander Pott, co-advisor 2016 "Perhaps I could best describe my experience of doing mathematics in terms of en- tering a dark mansion. One goes into the first room and it is dark, entirely dark. One stumbles around, bumping into the furniture. Gradually you learn, where each piece of furniture is. And finally, after six months or so, you find the light switch, you turn it on and suddenly, everything is illuminated and you can see exactly where you are." Andrew Wiles Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Dissertation handelt von Kegelschnitten in endlichen projektiven Ebenen sowie von Kreisketten in endlichen M¨obiusebenen. Die Hauptresultate wur- den bereits in [22], [23], [26] und [24] ver¨offentlicht. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf dem Schließungssatz des franz¨osischen Mathematikers Jean-Victor Poncelet, der 1813 fur¨ Kegelschnitte in der reellen projektiven Ebene eine interessante Beobachtung zu Polygonzugen,¨ dessen Kanten tangential zu einem Kegelschnitt sind und dessen Ecken auf einem anderen Kegelschnitt liegen, forma- lisiert und bewiesen hat.
    [Show full text]
  • MF-$0.75 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE Geometry
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 100 648 SE 018 119 AUTHOR Yates, Robert C. TITLE Curves and Their Properties. INSTITUTION National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc., Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 74 NOTE 259p.; Classics in Mathematics Education, Volume 4 AVAILABLE FROM National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, Inc., 1906 Association Drive, Reston, Virginia 22091 ($6.40) EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Analytic Geometry; *College Mathematics; Geometric Concepts; *Geometry; *Graphs; Instruction; Mathematical Enrichment; Mathematics Education;Plane Geometry; *Secondary School Mathematics IDENTIFIERS *Curves ABSTRACT This volume, a reprinting of a classic first published in 1952, presents detailed discussions of 26 curves or families of curves, and 17 analytic systems of curves. For each curve the author provides a historical note, a sketch orsketches, a description of the curve, a a icussion of pertinent facts,and a bibliography. Depending upon the curve, the discussion may cover defining equations, relationships with other curves(identities, derivatives, integrals), series representations, metricalproperties, properties of tangents and normals, applicationsof the curve in physical or statistical sciences, and other relevantinformation. The curves described range from thefamiliar conic sections and trigonometric functions through tit's less well knownDeltoid, Kieroid and Witch of Agnesi. Curve related - systemsdescribed include envelopes, evolutes and pedal curves. A section on curvesketching in the coordinate plane is included. (SD) U S DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH. EDUCATION II WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCuME N1 ITASOLE.* REPRO MAE° EXACTLY ASRECEIVED F ROM THE PERSON ORORGANI/AlICIN ORIGIN ATING 11 POINTS OF VIEWOH OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILYREPRE INSTITUTE OF SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL EDUCATION POSITION ORPOLICY $1 loor oiltyi.4410,0 kom niAttintitd.: t .111/11.061 .
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 10 (2010) 1–6
    FORUM GEOMETRICORUM A Journal on Classical Euclidean Geometry and Related Areas published by Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Atlantic University FORUM GEOM Volume 10 2010 http://forumgeom.fau.edu ISSN 1534-1178 Editorial Board Advisors: John H. Conway Princeton, New Jersey, USA Julio Gonzalez Cabillon Montevideo, Uruguay Richard Guy Calgary, Alberta, Canada Clark Kimberling Evansville, Indiana, USA Kee Yuen Lam Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Tsit Yuen Lam Berkeley, California, USA Fred Richman Boca Raton, Florida, USA Editor-in-chief: Paul Yiu Boca Raton, Florida, USA Editors: Nikolaos Dergiades Thessaloniki, Greece Clayton Dodge Orono, Maine, USA Roland Eddy St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada Jean-Pierre Ehrmann Paris, France Chris Fisher Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada Rudolf Fritsch Munich, Germany Bernard Gibert St Etiene, France Antreas P. Hatzipolakis Athens, Greece Michael Lambrou Crete, Greece Floor van Lamoen Goes, Netherlands Fred Pui Fai Leung Singapore, Singapore Daniel B. Shapiro Columbus, Ohio, USA Man Keung Siu Hong Kong, China Peter Woo La Mirada, California, USA Li Zhou Winter Haven, Florida, USA Technical Editors: Yuandan Lin Boca Raton, Florida, USA Aaron Meyerowitz Boca Raton, Florida, USA Xiao-Dong Zhang Boca Raton, Florida, USA Consultants: Frederick Hoffman Boca Raton, Floirda, USA Stephen Locke Boca Raton, Florida, USA Heinrich Niederhausen Boca Raton, Florida, USA Table of Contents Quang Tuan Bui, A triad of similar triangles associated with the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle,1
    [Show full text]