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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Countersu rveï nance

seen on has so much The professional discussions Never before home reveals how information on the art the TV screen in your professional disable wiretaps, midget and eliminating to detect and of detecting CALL -frequency transmitters, and other snooping devices -and radio electronic NOW! bugs, plus when to use disinformation to how to defend against experienced the unwanted listener, and the placed confuse information thieves -been technique of voice scrambling telephone in one VHS video. If you are a communications. In fact, do you know in Fortune 500 CEO, an executive how to look for a bug, where to look for a any hi -tech industry, or a novice bug, and what to do when you find it? seeking entry into an honorable, Bugs of a very small size are easy to rewarding field of work in build and they can be placed quickly in a countersurveillance, you must matter of seconds, in any object or room. view this video presentation again Today you may have used a telephone and again. handset that was bugged. It probably contained three bugs. One was a phony bug to fool you into believing you found a Wake up! You may be the victim of and secured the telephone. The sec- stolen words -precious ideas that would bug ond bug placates the investigator when have made you very wealthy! Yes, profes- the real thing! And the third bug even rank amateurs, may be lis- 1- 516 -293 -3751 he finds sionals, the professional, who tening to your most private con- is found only by YOUR to search just in case there were versations. HAVE continued more bugs. Wake up! If you are not the victim, VISA or MC CARD The professional is not without his then you are surrounded by countless vic- AVAILABLE tools. Special equipment has been de- tims who need your help if you know how and private signed so that the professional can sweep to discover telephone taps, locate bugs, or what was to be an embassy re- a room so that he can detect voice -acti- "sweep" a room clean. residence into the most sophisticated had ever vated (VOX) and remote- activated bugs. There is a thriving professional service cording studio the world to be torn Some of this equipment can be operated steeped in high -tech techniques that you known. The building had remove all the bugs. by novices, others require a trained coun- can become a part of! But first, you must down in order to tersurveillance professional. know and understand Countersurveilance The professionals viewed on your tele- Technology. Your very first insight into Stolen Information vision screen reveal information on the this highly rewarding field is made possi- The open taps from where the informa- FAX's, com- latest technological advances like laser- ble by a video VHS presentation that you tion pours out may be from beam snoopers that are installed hun- cannot view on broadcast television, sat- puter communications, telephone calls, and dreds of feet away from the room they ellite, or cable. It presents an informative and everyday business meetings on. The professionals disclose that program prepared by professionals in the lunchtime encounters. Businessmen need snoop in- computers yield information too easily. field who know their industry, its tech- counselling on how to eliminate this This advertisement was not written by niques, kinks and loopholes. Men who formation drain. Basic telephone use cou- a countersurveillance professional, but by can tell you more in 45 minutes in a pled with the user's understanding that whose only experience came straightforward, exclusive talk than was someone may be listening or recording a beginner reduces from viewing the video tape in the pri- ever attempted before. vital data and information greatly the opportunity for others to purloin vacy of his home. After you review the understand its con- Foiling Information Thieves meaningful information. video carefully and taken the first important Discover the targets professional tents, you have r step in either acquiring professional help snoopers seek out! The prey are stock CLAGGK INC. PE surveillance problems, or you firms, manufacturers, P.O. Box 4099 Farmingdale, NY 11735 with your brokers, arbitrage as a coun- any competitive may very well consider a career high -tech companies, Techniques the Please rush my copy of the CountcrsunveilIance tersurveillance professional. industry, or even small businnesses in Video VHS Cassette for a total cost of 553.95 cacti (which community. The valuable informa- includes 54.00 postage and handling). same The Dollars You Save tion they filch may be marketing strat- No. of Cassettes ordered To obtain the information contained in egies, customer lists, product formulas, Amount of payment 5 Sales tax (N.Y.S. only) the video VHS cassette, you would attend manufacturing techniques, even adver- Total enclosed a professional seminar costing $350 -750 tising plans. Information thieves eaves- VISA Bill my MasterCard and possibly pay hundreds of dollars more drop on court decisions, bidding Card No. if you had to travel to a distant city to information, financial data. The list is Expire Date / attend. Now, for only $49.95 (plus unlimited in the mind of man-es - Signature $4.00 P &H) you can view Countersur- pecially if he is a thief Name Addrss veillance Techniques at home and take know that the Russians secretly ,tate Ldl' You City often. To obtain your microphones in the refresher views installed countless \ I I" All payments in U.S.A. funds. Canadians add 54.00 per copy, complete the coupon or call. concrete work of the American Embassy cassette. No foreign orders. building in Moscow. They converted L J

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com JUNE 1994, VOLUME 11, NO. 6

R Popular etron THE MAGAZINE FOR THE ELECTRONICS ACTIVIST'

CONSTRUCTION ARTICLES BUILD THE CALL BLOCKER Terry J. Weeder 31 Spare yourself from unwanted telephone calls with this easy -to -build circuit BUILD AN SCA ADAPTER Don McCormick 44 Hear the hidden signals on the FM band HOW TO SPLIT A POWER SUPPLY Michael A. Covington 47 Turn any single -sided supply into a dual supply with this power-supply splitter FEATURE ARTICLES GOING ON-LINE WITH YOUR PC Karl T Thurber 37 There's an exciting "cyberworld" of information and fun waiting for you on -line LEGO FOR THE 1990'S Marc Spiwak 64 Electronics and computers bring our favorite toy into the 1990s BUYING USED TEST EQUIPMENT Gerard C.A. Fonte 67 Get a top-notch test bench without going broke PRODUCT REVIEWS GIZMO 49 Panasonic 3D0 interactive multiplayer, Samsung home FAX machine, Bogen Friday electronic receptionist, and more HANDS -ON REPORT 18 Interactive Image Technologies Electronic Workbench PRODUCT TEST REPORT Len Feldman 21 Technics mini -component system COLUMNS MULTIMEDIA WATCH Marc Spiwak 4 Research on CD -ROM THINK TANK John Yacono 24 Muscle wire and automotive circuits ANTIQUE RADIO Marc Ellis 71 Putting together the NBS crystal set COMPUTER BITS Jeff Holtzman 74 It sure is SCSI CIRCUIT CIRCUS Charles D. Rakes 76 Fluid detectors DX LISTENING Don Jensen 82 South American SW broadcasters HAM RADIO Joseph J. Carr 84 Wire antennas SCANNER SCENE Marc Saxon 86 A look at mobile extenders DEPARTMENTS EDITORIAL Carl Laron 2 LETTERS 3 ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 8 NEW PRODUCTS 16 ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE 79 POPULAR ELECTRONICS MARKET CENTER 95 ADVERTISER'S INDEX 138 FREE INFORMATION CARD 139

Popular Electronics (ISSN 1042-170X) Published monthly by Gernsback Publications, Inc., 50043 Bi- County Boulevard. Farmingdale, NY 11735. Second -Class postage paid at Farmingdale, NY and at additional mailing offices. One-year, twelve issues, subscription rate U.S. and possessions $21.95. Canada $28.84 (includes G.S.T Canadian Goods and Services Tax Registration No. R125166280), all other countries $29.45. Subscription orders payab e in U.S. funds only, International Postal Money Order, or check drawn on a U.S bank. U.S. single copy price $3.50. < 1994 by Gernsback Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Hands-on Electronics and Gizmo trademarks are registered in U.S. and Canada by Gernsback Publications, Inc. Popular Electronics trademark is registered in U.S. and Canada by Electronics Technology Today, Inc. and Is licensed to Gernsback Publications. Inc. Printed in U.S.A.

Postmaster Please send address changes to Popular Electronics, Subscription Dept., P.O. Box 338, Mount Morris. IL 61054 -9932.

A stamped self -addressed envelope must accompany all submitted manuscripts and/or artwork or photographs if their return is desired should they be rejected. We disclaim any responsibility for the loss or damage of manuscripts and/or artwork or photographs while in our possession or otherwise. As a service to readers, Popular Electronics publishes available plans or information relating to newsworthy products, techniques, and scientific and technological developments. Because of possible variances in the quality and condition of materials and workmanship used by readers, Popular Electronics disclaims any responsibility for the safe and proper functioning of reader -built projects based upon or from plans or information published in this magazine.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Popular Electrontcs EDITORIAL

Larry Steckler EHF. CET Editor -In -Chief and Publisher EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Carl Laron Editor BUMPS ALONG THE ROAD Robert A. Young Associate Editor Some recent events have given rise to suspicions that all the John J. Yacono hype surrounding the so- called "information superhighway" is As.soeiate Editor that Several major entertainment providers, most Teri Scaduto just -hype. Assistant Editor notably Disney, have expressed reluctance in getting involved, Evelyn Rose at least on the ground floor. Time Warner delayed the Editorial Assistant Marc Spiwak introduction of their ambitious Orlando interactive cable Editorial Aaariate service citing both hardware and software problems. Joseph J. Carr, K4IPV Marc Ellis Len Feldman Even of the much ballyhooed marriages between cable Jeffrey K. Holtzman many Don Jensen and telephone companies may never be consummated now Charles D. Rakes Marc Saxon that the biggest merger of them all, between TOI and Bell Contributing Editors Atlantic, has been called off. The companies blamed the PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT FCC's relatively meager attempts to regulate cable rates, Ruby M. Yee Production Director claiming that it made it difficult to anticipate future revenues. Karen S. Brown Most experts believe, however, that the deal was killed by Production Manager Kathy Campbell falling stock prices, and that those prices were falling because Production Assistant investors were having doubts that the information ART DEPARTMENT superhighway was ever going to be anything more than smoke Andre Duzant Art Director and mirrors. Injae Lee Illustrator However, it is becoming clear that there are Russell C. Truelson We disagree. Illusirator tremendous technological and social problems that must be Jacqueline P. Cheeseboro overcome before the "Infobahn" (the latest buzzword) Circulation Director becomes a reality. In the meantime, if you can live without Michele Torrillo P -E Bookstore "500 channels of video on demand" (and who couldn't ?), and you can enjoy many of the BUSINESS AND EDITORIAL OFFICES you own a personal computer, Gernsback Publications, Inc. benefits of the proposed information superhighway right now. 500 -B Bi- County Blvd. In Going On -Line with your PC we explore the world of on -line Farmingdale, NY 11735 1- 516- 293 -3000 information. On -line you can shop from home; read Fax: 1-516-293-3115 information databases; President: Larry Steckler newspapers and magazines; search Subscription make plane, car, and hotel reservations; send and receive Customer Service /Order Entry mail; check stock and mutual -fund prices; chat with friends 1- 800 -827 -0383 with 7:30 AM - 8:30 PM EST around the country and the world; play games computer the list goes on and on. The story Advertising Sales offices listed on page 138 and human opponents; and also covers the hardware and software that you need, on -line Cover by Loewy Design, Photo Illustration by David Kahl procedures and etiquette, costs, and more; it begins on page Composition by 37. Mates Graphics

je, ABC AUDITED Carl Laron Since some of the equipment and circuitry described in POPULAR ELECTRONICS may relate to or be covered by Editor U.S. patents, POPULAR ELECTRONICS disclaims any lia- bility for the infringement of such patents by the making, using, or selling of any such equipment or circuitry, and suggests that anyone interested in st ch projects consult a 2 patent attorney.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com RECALLING THE GOOD OLD DAYS I just read the article "Hamming LETTERS in the Fabulous Fifties," by Karl Thurber (Popular Electronics,

March 1994). I got my Novice License in 1955 but, contrary to what Thurber says, a fellow

worker with a General Class All in all, I guess that ham least one with my amateur -radio are still at the listed addresses, License gave me the code test radio is a "dead horse" that students. so I can't order them. The pub- and witnessed that I took the must live only in memory, like Other readers might not have lishing company's address is not written test in his presence. It many things from bygone eras. noticed that the formula that listed in the book, which is was not necessary to go to an K.R.0 (ex- K8BZX) appears on page 36 is incorrect. about ten years old. The circuit

FCC office. A year later, I did Mogadore, OH The correct formula for comput- board was designed by Russell the same for my Technician ing the necessary inductance B. Dawe. Any information as to Class license. for the three free -resonant cir- the whereabouts of Mr. Hewitt Mr. Thurber brought up many MORE HAMMING IN cuits is: or Mr. Dawe would be appreci- interesting points }2 concerning THE FIFTIES L = [14(6.96 x 10-5) ated. I am also on the lookout the era and triggered many fond Great article otherwise! for Mr. Hewitt's Star Fleet As- In his enjoyable article, "Ham- memories, but he completely R.O. sembly Manuals 2 and ming in the Fabulous Fifties," 3. Thank ignored the wealth of military Chatanooga, TN you. Karl T. Thurber, Jr. states that surplus equipment that was R.D. HORTON Novice Class ham license available at the time. That was 201 Butler Blvd. exams were given at FCC of- HAVES & NEEDS the most important factor, as I Wilmore, KY 40390 fices because "there were no I am writing to see if any of your see it, in allowing those of us volunteer examiners then." readers can locate the circuit I am looking for the schematic with small incomes to get start- Not so! Novice and Techni- boards or the circuit -board pat- for a Mantola AM- ed in this fascinating hobby. Shortwave re- cian Class exams became terns used for the "System E" ceiver, model 572. I will gladly Magazines were full of ads for available from volunteers begin- and "LS /100A" model lighting pay for any the BC -XXX aircraft receivers, copying and ning in 1954. Exams for the kits. Those two systems are postage costs. Thank you. ARC -5 transmitters, etc. My first Conditional Class (now part of from Paul M. Hewitt's book Star MICHAEL ROBERTS ham station consisted of a the General Class) license and Fleet Assembly Manual 4. Nei- 583 North Prospect home -brew transmitter and two Street its predecessor, the Class C ther Mr. Hewitt nor his Marion, 43302 BC receivers. The extra receiver company OH -2367 license, were administered by tuned the second harmonic of volunteer examiners since the the transmitter and functioned latter's creation by the Federal 7M as a monitor of my own signal. Radio Commission in 1933. PRICE! It doesn't sound like much, but I NEW Moreover, written exams for GREAT can't tell you how exciting it the predecessors of was. Class C, the Temporary Amateur License GLOBAL My last license expired about and Amateur Second Grade, SPECIALT1EB 1965, and even then it had been A were "self- administered" by the and 'rest long unused. I have two sons, Build This Compiete applicant beginning with the both licensed amateurs, al- On dawn of amateur licensing in your Laboratory! though neither is very active at Electronics 1912. The truth is that the the present time. They have federal government has never both suggested that I get my relied exclusively upon itself to bOt NOW license back, but I just don't administer all amateur -radio PROTOLABTM think there is much there any- examinations! more. It appears to me that the N.D.F., N3DF ONLY A state of the art electronics good old ARRL sold out to lab the hobbyist, Boulder, CO $49.951 perfect for commercial interests and start- student, or engineer. Build ed the recruiting of CB'ers in and experiment with actual order to open up new markets WORLD -BAND RADIO was $129.95 circuits, using a variety of for equipment manufacturers. I CORRECTION components, including resis- go to hamfests from time to I particularly enjoy the receiver tors, capacitors, inductors, time, and they aren't the same projects that you publish from OPTIONAL general impedence, AC volt- eitherjust a lot of guys with time to time and would like to age sources, batteries, and PROTOWARETM strange -looking call signs on see more of them. I found Lyle $19.95 AC /DC current sources. their caps, all carrying miniature Williams' article "Build a World - Then, analyze your circuits transceivers and muttering what Band Regenerative Radio" System with built -in high tech instru- sounds like CB lingo. I doubt (Popular Electronics, March Requirements: ments. You can expand your that many of them have ever 1994) to be especially interest- lab with the optional built anything ing. The 512K RAM at all, or would be regenerative and EGA/VGA Video PROTOWARETM modules. J able to repair their store-bought super- regenerative receivers are & mouse

equipment. I guess it receiver is now classic designs for the GLOBAL SPECIALTIES® Ir an possible to "join the ranks' with- beginner, and Lyle's design is 70 Fulton Terrace, New Haven, CT 06512 out learning Morse code - quite interesting from several (203) 466 -6103 Fax: (203) 468 -0060 unthinkable! perspectives. I plan to build at (800) 572 -1028 company CIRCLE 14 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com MULTIMEDIA WATCH

By Marc Spiwak Moveable type ory, and that will run for PUBLISHING ON CD- changed publishing months on a single charge. ROM forever; it put literature in Until then I'll do my writing I've been examining a the hands of the common and editing on a PC and number of different pub- man. Slowly but surely, CD- my reading from books and lications on CD -ROM, some

ROM is again changing the magazines. But I wouldn't with a familiar title, and face of publishing. Not by think of doing research on others without. One of them replacing printed matter, anything but my PC. is a disc called Computer Research on but by enhancing it. Microfiche replaced mi- Select from Ziff -Davis Pub- This I think that a replace- crofilm, and CD -ROM will lishing. incredible disc CD -ROM ment for paper books is a surely replace microfiche if contains a year's worth of

long way off; I personally my guess is correct. You see, over 150 computer publica- wouldn't want to cozy up a single CD -ROM can hold tions. More than 75,000 with my computer to read nearly 700 megabytes of articles are contained on a good book, and I'm sure data -that's enough for the disc, as well as specifi- you wouldn't either. Read- thousands of books, entire cations for over 75,000 encyclopedia volumes, sev- hardware and software eral years' worth of a products. A powerful search particular magazine, or engine in both DOS and even one year's worth of Windows versions makes hundreds of different mag- sifting through all the infor- azines. The powerful search mation very easy. capabilities that are possi- Computer Select lets you ble with CD -ROM make search by word, product, finding what you're looking author, publication, topic, for a breeze, and multi- date, and so on, or by any media lets you see things in combination of require-

ways that otherwise would ments. I wanted to know be impossible. more about a game I'm To date, many different going to be looking at

publications are available called Iron Helix, so I on CD -ROM, and I'm sure searched Computer Select that some day all maga- for information on it. In- zines will be available in cluded on the disc were NautilusCD from Metatec is a "multimedia, multimedia that format. To prove how several articles that men- shareware, dernos, magazine" with articles, movies, music, popular these discs already tioned Iron Helix. The only drivers, and much more. are, PC Magazine an- drawback to Computer Se- nounced the sale of a disc lect is its price; a one -year ing printed material is containing the entire con- subscription is about $1200 much easier on the eyes tents of the past 12 months for a single user. than staring at a computer of the magazine for about At a much more afford- monitor for hours, and it's $15. The disc makes it easy able price ($69.95), USA certainly more convenient to research anything men- Today, The '90s, Volume I, is for reading a book in bed. I tioned during the past year, from Context Systems, a figure that books will be which is quite a task with multimedia time capsule of replaced by silicon when the paper -bound product. current events. The CD- we're able to buy a $50 It was said that if sales were ROM contains more than appliance that's about the good, the CD -ROM version 112,000 stories that ap- size and weight of a book, would become a full -time peared in the newspaper has a display with laser - product. Sales were indeed between January 1, 1990 printer clarity, the ability to good -the disc was sold and August 31, 1992. The store several books in mem- out in short order. disc includes complete text

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com from the newspaper, hun- In the Company of 44 ROM. It basically a "multi- now on, I'll surely check out dreds of color photos, and media, multimedia my new copy of NautilusCD audio clips. Because it runs magazine." The basic sub- as soon as I get it -I don't under Windows, USA Today scription price for 12 issues want to miss anything is very easy to use. of NautilusCD is $119.40, useful. Besides basic topics like and discounts are often top events, news, money, available. NEW STUFF sports, and life, there's in- Imagine if a magazine Aris Entertainment just sent me their most recent depth coverage of major In The Company of Whales is came with a 600 -mega- historic events such as the sure to enchant the young byte hard drive chock full of MediaClips disc, Animal Persian Gulf War and the and young -at- heart. goodies every month. That's Kingdom. This disc contains collapse of communism. basically what NautilusCD is. 100 wildlife photos, 25 vid- Another news -related to various interviews, arti- Every month, in addition to eos, and 100 new -age disc is Newsweek Interac- cles, commentary, and various articles, the sub- audio clips, all of which tive. The subscription price charts. A world atlas, world scriber receives sample may be reproduced royal- for four quarterly issues is clock, and calendar are in- fonts, archive photos, WAV ty -free. This is the first title to $99.95. The disc is available cluded. Global View sells files, CD audio tracks, soft- combine MPEG, MPC, and in both the DOS format and for $49.95 and runs in DOS. ware demos, games, and Macintosh -compatible main the CD -ROM XA format Encyclopedias have more. Had I looked at my terial. MPEG promises full - for Sony's MMCD player. been popular multimedia copy of Nautilus just two screen, full- motion video for

Newsweek Interactive corn- titles from the beginning. days earlier, I could have people who have installed bines text, audio, video, That's because multimedia saved myself a long -dis- an add -on MPEG board. (I'll narration, and color photos. features combined with tance telephone call to be looking at one in the In addition to special fea- "something for everyone" Canada to download the next few months.) Animal ture articles on each disc, makes for an excellent fam- latest drivers for my video Kingdom is $29.95. an archive of the previous ily- entertainment bargain. I card; current drivers for all Even The Discovery three months of Newsweek just got The New Grolier types of hardware are in- Channel is getting into mul- is included. Multimedia Encyclopedia, cluded every month. From timedia with their In The While Newsweek Interac- and it sure is fun to explore tive runs fast and includes Everything is here: photos, full- screen color photos, it charts, maps, video, anima- does require VESA- compati- tion -you name it. I really ble SVGA video and 570K wish I had something like of free conventional mem- this when I was in school; ory. Once I ran a boot disc perhaps I actually would that freed up enough have studied a little if I did! memory on my machine, One of the best things and ran a VESA driver, about The New Grolier Mul- Newsweek worked well. timedia Encyclopedia is its Two similar products are new low price of $149.95 - available from Compact down from $395. Sup- Publishing: The 1993 Time posedly this price is for a Almanac and CNN News- limited time only, but if the room Global View. The Time disc sells well at the low Almanac includes more price, it probably won't go IMPORTANT PART than 20,000 articles every- back up again-at least I -AN thing from 1989 to January hope not. At $149.95, this OF YOUR PHOTOCOPIER 4, 1993, and selected arti- disc is a terrific investment, cles dating back to 1923. and it's useful for the entire ISN'T PART OF Also included are photos, family. It's much cheaper YOUR PHOTOCOPIER charts, maps, and over an than a set of encyclopedia hour of current and histor- books, and takes up a lot Having a machine may not permit you to photocopy ical video footage. The less space. books, journals, newsletters and magazines. Time Almanac runs in Win- The Copyright Clearance Center CAN. dows and costs $99.95. CD -ROM ONLY Contact us to find out CNN Newsroom Global Some day many publica- how you too can COPY RIGHT!SM View deals with world affairs tions will probably be on include CD -ROM only, but one such but does not com- COPYRIGHT CLEARANCE CENTER plete text from any product that's here today is 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 Tel. (508) 744 -3350 Fax (508) 741 -2318 particular source. Instead it NautilusCD from Metatec. © 1993 Copyright Clearance Center cross references over an NautilusCD is published hour of television footage monthly, and only on CD- 5

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Amateur radio has grown and radio enthusiasts can apply R91'HIISTRU.IIENTS developed under a dynamic reg- those rules to their daily operat- ulatory environment that has ing. The book explains how the fostered technological growth rules are made, and how hams and encouraged diversity. can be a part of the rule- making Federal Communications Com- process. It includes reference mission rules define amateur information on operating The FCC Rule radio, spell out its purposes, abroad, international regula- and clarify the legal guidelines tions, a listing of countries that Book and conduct of behavior that allow third -party traffic handling operators must follow. Because with U.S. amateurs, band plans, by Rick Palm, KICE the FCC rules are such an testing procedures, call -sign as- intrinsic part of the hobby, this signments, and more. book has been a popular title The FCC Rule Book costs $9 among hams for the past de- and is published by The Ameri- cade. Now in its ninth edition, can Radio Relay League, 225 Main Street, Newington, CT 06111; Tel: 203 -666-1541; Fax: ments, 3465 Diablo Avenue, 203- 665 -7531. Hayward, CA 94545; Tel: CIRCLE 90 ON FREE 510 -732 -9229; Fax: INFORMATION CARD S900 510- 732 -9188. CIRCLE 91 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD 1994 PRECISION WEATHER INSTRUMENTS CATALOG AN INTRODUCTION TO from Davis Instruments SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS You can do more than talk by E A. Wilson about the weather-you can monitor it with the equipment Satellites are instrumental in to- offered in this 14 -page, full -color day's communications, catalog. Davis new line of providing us with a wealth of Rick Palm, K10E weather-monitoring instruments television programming and a offers redesigned displays and host of other communications keyboards, upgraded features - services. Hundreds of them are sCATro,t,s including humidity, dew point, already in orbit, and more are and barometric trend -and following in quick succession. state -of- the -art microprocessors This book strives to give read- for enhanced accuracy. All mod- ers an appreciation of what ZF) els measure highs and lows those satellites are and how U5A with time and date, and offer they work. Written at a moder- metric conversion at the touch ately technical level, the book is key. Programmable alarms aimed not at the expert in the Published by of a routines allow the field, but at the general elec- The American and scan units to be customized. Ac- tronics engineer or enthusiast Radio Relay League cessories include rain monitors, who would like to learn the temperature /humidity sensors, basics of satellite technology. and the Weatherlink, which al- Students and beginners with lows any model to record, some interest in electronics summarize, and graph stored should also be able to grasp the weather information on an IBM - complex concepts, which are the book provides an up -to -date compatible PC or a Macintosh. presented in as simple a man- set of the amateur rules found The 1994 Precision Weather ner as possible. Little more than in Part 97 as well as a clear Instruments Catalog is free elementary mathematics is re- 8 understanding of how amateur- upon request from Davis Instru- quired for the main text. For

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loved the flexibility CIE offered. It was the CIE'S COMMITTED TO Course only way I could continue both school and BEING THE BEST...IN ONE and the first my demanding job." AREA...ELECTRONICS. Microprocessor Britt A. Hanks Director of Engineering CIE isn't another be- Course. Today, no Petroleum Helicopters, Inc. everything-to-everyone other home study school. CIE teaches only school can match CIE's one subject and we believe state -of- the -art equipment we're the best at what we and training. And all your do. Also, CIE is accredited laboratory equipment, books by the National Home Study and lessons are included in YES! I want to get started. Council. And with more than your tuition. It's all yours to Send me my CIE course catalog 1,000 graduates each year, use while you study and for including details about the Associate Degree Program. (For "I liked the way the school was set up with we're the largest home study on- the -job after you laboratory assignments to enforce your convenience, CIE will have a school specializing exclu- graduate. conceptual learning. The thing which representative contact you - there impressed me the most about CIE's sively in electronics. CIE has is no obligation.) curriculum is the way they show application been training career -minded PERSONALIZED Please Print Clearly for all the theory that is presented." students for nearly sixty TRAINING....TO MATCH AH54 Daniel N. Parkman Missile Electro-Mechanical Technician years and we're the best at YOUR BACKGROUND. Name U.S. Air Force our subject... While some of our students ELECTRONICS... have a working knowledge of Address IT'S THE ONLY SUBJECT electronics others are just City WE TEACH! starting out. That's why CIE has developed twelve career State Zip Age CIE PROVIDES A courses and an A.A.S. LEARNING METHOD SO Degree program to choose Phone No GOOD IT'S PATENTED. from. So, even if you're not Check box for G.I. Bill Benefits. Completing the course gave me the ability CIE's AUTO -PRO- sure which electronics career Veteran to efficiently troubleshoot modern is best for you, get Active Duty microprocessor based audio and video GRAMMED® lessons are a CIE can systems and enjoy a sense of job security." proven learning method for you started with core lessons Tony Reynolds Cleveland Institute of Electronics, Inc. building valuable electronics applicable to all areas in 1776 East 17th Street Service Manager /Technician Cleveland, OH 44114 Threshold Audio & Video Send for CIE's FREE Course Catalog and A School of Thousands. A Class of One. Since 1934. See How We Can Help Your Career Too! L. J 15

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com play blurred and illegible when The single -input Model 421305 plications by smoothly switching viewed from the side. Viewed offers 0.1" or 1" resolution; the any signal. Offering simple -to- straight -on, the image is per- dual -input Model 421306 offers use and completely configura- fectly clear -and glare is 1" resolution and also provides ble low power management of reduced by 99% thanks to multi- differential readings. Both mod- analog or digital signals, the ple thin -film coatings. When els are Centigrade /Fahrenheit card can be used in such di- viewed from either side, how- switchable. Maximum reading, verse applications as flight ever, light is scattered to distort data hold, and auto polarity are simulators, home automation, ir- displayed on each unit's large rigation systems, modem 31/2-digit LCD readout. Each switching, and even model -train thermometer comes with a 9- operation. An expanded options ed for design, prototype, and volt battery, a rubber holster connector allows more switch repair applications, and is well with stand, a wrist strap, and a configurations than other switch suited for filling gaps, wide toler- bead -wire temperature probe. cards, including conditional and ances, and bonding dissimilar The single -input and dual -in- multi -conditional switching com- materials. The one -part, put thermometers cost $79 and binations. New circuitry allows cyanoacrylate gel will not $99, respectively. For additional status checks of any relay with spread to unwanted areas after the image. The filter is designed information, contact Extech In- a simple software inquiry. An application. It can be used for all backlit and TFT LCD struments Corporation, 335 optional Windows application, alone, or with the accelerator for displays, and allows for excel- Bear Hill Road, Waltham, MA instant bonding. Bonding is in- lent light transmission without 02154; Tel: 617 -890 -7440; Fax: stantaneous as the accelerator changing the optical image of 617 -890 -7864. contacts the adhesive, assuring text and graphics. Made of op- CIRCLE 104 ON FREE reliable results regardless of INFORMATION tically pure safety glass CARD temperature or humidity. Cured mounted in an injection molded, Quick -Bond Gel is a colorless durable, ABS- plastic frame, the HOME-STUDY solid that resists shock, impact, filter weighs only seven ounces. ELECTRONICS and temperature cycling. Ap- The Secure -View notebook ENGINEERING plications include bonding filter, including a carry/storage TECHNOLOGY DEGREE "Win- Switch," offers simple con- jumper wires to circuit boards, case, has a suggested retail A leading electronics home - trol and relay scheduling with an fixturing surface-mount compo- price of $119. For further infor- study school, the Cleveland In- easy graphic interface. A broad nents, component mounting, mation, contact Kantek Inc., 15 stitute of Electronics (CIE), has selection of addressing options strain relief, shallow potting, and Main Street, East Rockaway, NY organized World College, which allow the user to populate any general instant bonding. 11518; Tel: 516 -593 -3212; Fax: offers a Bachelor's Degree in ISA -slot compatible system with The 4300 Circuit Works 516-593 -3295. Electronics Engineering Tech- as many cards as there are Quick -Bond Gel Kit, including CIRCLE 103 ON FREE nology (BEET). The slots available. That allows a the gel adhesive, the acceler- INFORMATION CARD independent -study program single PC to control hundreds of ator, and a brush and a pipette concentrates on electronics signals. If an application re- for applying the accelerator, HEAVY -DUTY technology and also includes quires a lot of specially wired costs $6.95. For further infor- THERMOMETERS courses on computer engineer- cards, mini -daughterboards are mation, contact Planned Two Heavy Duty Type K Ther- ing, mathematics, basic available optionally for easy rep- Products, 303 Potrero Street mometers from Extech accept science, communications, so- lication of special relay Suite 53, Santa Cruz, CA either single or dual inputs for cial science, and humanities. interconnections. An optional B- 95060; Tel: 408 -459 -8088; Fax: wide measuring ranges of World College, which is located side connector, which provides 408 -459 -0426. 050 °C to 1000 °C ( 58 °F to in Virginia Beach, has been discrete access to both sides of CIRCLE 107 ON FREE 2000 °F). Each is highly accurate authorized to enroll students in all relays, is also available. INFORMATION CARD (to ±0.3 %) and offers a front - the BEET program by the Vir- The 32- Switch Card, including software primitives in panel offset adjustment to op- ginia Council of Higher CORDLESS PHONE/ C, Fortran, timize accuracy. The Education, and is currently Assembler, BASIC, ANSWERING SYSTEM thermometers are encased in a awaiting the Council's approval Cobol, FoxPro, and dBase, Sanyo's CAS -170 cordless tele- rugged package for field use. to grant the BEET degree. costs $395. The B -Side con- phone /digital TAD provides World College is also accredited nector costs $29, and "Win - noise -free, tape -free con- by the Accrediting Commission Switch" costs $89.95. For more venience. With all- digital of the National Home Study information, contact AccuSys, recording, an integrated chip Council. Inc., Information Group, 3695 stores up to 18 minutes worth of For additional information, Kings Row, Reno, NV 89503; incoming messages, and two contact World College, 1776 Tel: 702 -746 -1111. 60- second outgoing messages. East 17th Street, Cleveland, OH CIRCLE 106 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD The record -memo function al- 44114; Tel: 800 -243 -6446. lows the user to record a CIRCLE 105 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD message for a family member QUICK-BOND KIT or friend without calling in. A To provide rugged, instant two -digit LED call counter lets 32- SWITCH REED- bonding of metals, rubbers, and the user know exactly how RELAY CARD plastics, Planned Products' many messages have been re- A versatile PC -based switching 4300 Circuit Works Quick -Bond ceived. The answering machine solution from AccuSys, the 32- Gel Kit includes an accelerator also features a time /day stamp, Switch Reed Relay Card, allows that can be applied directly over two -way recording from the 16 PC's to control real -world ap- the adhesive. The kit is intend- base or the handset, extension-

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Earn Your B.S. Degree phone disconnect, rapid mes- SPM -9 features an auto -select sage erasing, announce -only mechanism that automatically in mode, and 100 user -selected senses battery voltage and be- ELECTRONICS security codes. The phone fea- gins charging /discharging. tures Compander IV noise Users don't have to remember or reduction, which compresses to switch the unit to the proper the audio signal at the base and setting. Both products fully dis- COMPUTERS amplifies it at the headset, charge and then charge camcorder batteries in one automatic and continuous cycle. The PowerMax Models SPM -8 and SPM -9 chargers and reconditioners have suggested retail prices of $37.45 and $47.45, respectively. For more information, contact Sima Products Corporation, 8707 North Skokie Blvd., Skokie, IL 60077. CIRCLE 109 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD By Studying at Home CLAMP -ON DIGITAL which leaves noise outside au- MULTIMETER Grantham College of Engineering, dible levels. The CAS -170 also The use of advanced Hall -effect now in our 43rd year, is highly ex- offers 10- million digital security technology allows Wavetek perienced in "distance education" - codes. CDM600 digital multimeter to teaching by correspondence- through The CAS -170 cordless tele- measure currents without requir- printed materials, computer materials, phone with digital answering ing the user to interrupt circuits. fax, and phone. retail system has a suggested No commuting to class. Study at price of $229.99. For more information, contact Sanyo, 21350 your own pace, while continuing on Lassen Street, Chatsworth, CA your present job. Learn from easy -to- 91311 -2329; Tel: 818 -998 -7322; understand but complete and thorough Fax: 818 -701 -4149. lesson materials, with additional help CIRCLE 108 ON FREE instructors. INFORMATION CARD from our Our Computer B.S. Degree Pro- gram includes courses in BASIC, AC -ONLY CHARGERS/ PASCAL and C languages - as well as DISCHARGERS Assembly Language, MS DOS, CADD, With more and more 8mm and Robotics, and much more. VHS camcorder owners recog- Our Electronics B.S. Degree Pro- nizing the importance of The clamp -on instrument can eliminating battery memory, measure AC and DC current up gram includes courses in Solid -State chargers and reconditioners are to either 200 amps (high resolu- Circuit Analysis and Design, Control becoming must -have accesso- tion of 100 mA) or 600 amps Systems, Analog/ Digital Communica- ries. Simas PowerMax Models without disturbing the circuitry. tions, Microwave Engr, and much more. SPM -8 and SPM-9 are spe- The CDM600 has two ranges - An important part of being pre- cialized charger /dischargers in 200 and 600 amps -for mea- pared to move up is holding the right AC and DC current with that they are AC -only. The suring college degree, and the absolutely neces- SPM -8 is for use exclusively 1% accuracy. The multimeter is field. with 6 -volt batteries, the most measures AC voltage to 750 sary part knowing your commonly used type. The volts, DC voltage to 100 volts, Grantham can help you both ways - SPM -9 can be used with vir- and resistance to 2000 ohms. to learn more and to earn your degree tually all 6 -, 7.2 -, and 9.6 -volt An auto -zero control eliminates in the process. batteries. In addition, the the effect of stray magnetic Write or phone for our free fields while measuring DC cur- catalog. Toll free, 1- 800 -955 -2527, or rent. Other features include a see mailing address below. continuity beeper and a data - hold switch to freeze the measurement value on the display. Accredited by the Accrediting Commission of the The CDM600 digital multi- National Home Study Council meter costs $249. For further information, contact Wavetek Corporation, 9145 Balboa Ave- GRANTHAM nue, San Diego, CA 92123; Tel: 619 -279 -2200. College of Engineering CIRCLE 110 ON FREE 17 INFORMATION CARD Grantham College Road Slidell, LA 70460

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Electronics orkbenc a computer ele ronics lab in

INTERACTIVE IMAGE TECHNOLOGIES, LTD. ELECTRONICS WORKBENCH CIRCLE 119 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

An educational time -and -money saving lab in a computer for beginners and seasoned hackers alike.

Face it, economically things are help and excellent manual make it a things in common, so let's discuss the tough. Certainly tough enough good learning experience for a be- commonalties first. to keep many would -be elec- ginner. tronics hobbyists from buying their first Also, the manual's explanation of its Basic Features. The software re- suite of test equipment. Purchasing circuit -simulation techniques and quires an IBM -compatible 286 or lots of must -have parts also adds to how to alter simulation parameters al- greater running DOS 3.0 or higher, the burden. So where's the next gen- lows the experienced user to tweak to with at least 2MB of available hard - eration of electronics whizzes going to his heart's content. So much so, that disk space, 640KB RAM, a Microsoft - come from? The answer to that ques- I'm sure that even I'll be using it to test compatible mouse, and EGA or VGA tion might be "the virtual lab!" spur -of- the -moment designs and test - graphics. It can support a math - is I know what many of you are think- equipment- sensitive circuits alike. It coprocessor, but one not required. ing, "where's the romance of burnt will also come in handy when I'm Complete with a schematic -design transistor and soldering -iron scars on pressed for time, as building and re- area (called a "breadboard "), a the kitchen table." For nostalgia's working a virtual circuit takes much, parts -selection area (called a "parts sake, something in me sympathizes much, less time than prototyping the bin "), and simulated test instruments, with that point of view. But now I own real thing -even on solderless bread- the modules permit you to draft a cir- the kitchen table, not to mention the board. Reworking a design is propor- cuit, stimulate it with input, simulate its its test equipment. I don't want my kid to tionally easier, as well. operation, and view functioning. have a go at either just yet, so a lab The software is divided into two in- You can also obtain printouts of a simulator is the next best thing. Fur- dependent parts: the analog module schematic, the parts it contains, and thermore, if the software is instructive and the digital module. That is be- test -instrument displays. All the com- in- and -of itself, so much the better- cause it cannot run hybrid analog/ mon laser and dot -matrix printers are you can't learn much from a piece of digital simulations. For that reason, supported. mute test equipment. each module only contains parts and The screen for both modules is di- The Electronics Workbench soft- test equipment pertinent to its func- vided up into a few important areas. ware -based lab we'll discuss in this ar- tion. For example, a logic analyzer is Let's start with the very top border. ticle is just the thing. It's easy to use, full - only present in the digital simulator. There to the left are depictions of the 18 featured, and educational. Its on -line Still, the two simulators have many available test instruments. That area is

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com called the "instrument shelf." In the lead, connection dot, terminal, or middle, the circuit type (analog or whatever) until a "handle" (a dark digital) and filename appear. To the square) appears. Then you click and 145- right are some program -control icons. drag a wire to its destination where 296 One on- screen button activates the another handle appears, and then simulation; another calls for a pull - release the mouse button. EI-771-30NIC down menu. The other two are for To edit parts already on the sche- scrolling around the schematic and matic, you must first select them by COMPONENTS the parts bin (both of which can be enclosing them in a special rec- Whether you order 1 part or larger than the screen allows). tangle. The rectangle is formed by The parts bin is along the right clicking the right mouse button where all 45,296...MOUSER stocks border of the screen. It contains sche- you want one of its corners, then drag- and...ships same day!! matic depictions of the parts, not sim- ging the mouse to position its diago- ple labels. There's also a connection nal corner. Once selected, the CALL... dot, and power and ground symbols. objects can be manipulated by com- (800) 992 -9943 If you want, you can create your own mands from the menu. The menu al- parts (say, to adjust the operating pa- lows you to get help on, create, cut, rameters of the active analog com- copy, move, label, set values for, or for your ponents) using the program's macro rotate items; zoom in, zoom out, or FREE =Y. - át.Q feature. clear the screen; set defaults; load or .i..., .á4 The rest of the screen is the work save schematics; or print. CATALOG in y area which you draft a schematic By the way, on -line help for any s+,ÿ-P.y , -' . 2401 Hwy 287 N. and connect test equipment to it. component can also be had by se- Both the items in the parts bin and the lecting it and pressing the F1 key. If you Mansfield, TX 76063 test -equipment icons are dragged to create your own parts, you can pro- the breadboard area for use. You can vide help text for them, too. use as many copies of parts as you MOUSER' like, but only one copy of each test Analog Module. The Analog Module instrument is allowed. To get to an in- automatically sets up Spice simula- ELECTRONICS Sales & Stocking Locations Nationwide strument's control /display panel, you tions for its circuits. However, the pro-

simply double -click on its icon. gram allows you complete control of CIRCLE 163 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD Wires between parts leads, power all of the simulation's parameters. Fur- points, connection dots, and test - thermore, the program can do both equipment terminals are routed auto- transient and steady -state analysis to matically. You just move the cursor determine how the circuit functions at Be an FCC close to the business end of an item (a turn on and thereafter, respectively. LICENSED ELECTRONIC TECHNICIAN! File Edit Circuit Window

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Learn at home in spare time. No previous experience needed. No costly school. No commuting to class. The Original Home -Study course prepares you for the "FCC Commercial Radio- telephone License." This valuable license is your professional "ticket" to thousands of exciting jobs in Communications, Radio - werd r, lera t cn TV, Microwave, Maritime, Radar, Avionics and more...even start your own business! You don't need a college degree to qualify. but you do need an FCC License. No Need to Quit Your Job or Go To School This proven course is easy, fast and low cost! GUARANTEED PASS You get your FCC License or money refunded. Send for FREE facts now. MAIL COUPON TODAY! commanD PRODUCTIIOnS FCC LICENSE TRAINING, Dept. 100 P.O. Box 2824, San Francisco, CA 94126 Here's the q/f its hro uio.si- powerful test instruments -the Please rush FREE details immediately! word generator and logic analyzer the battons -at of the screen. Note huer the icons NAME for the units are wired to the schematic. ADDRESS 19 CITY STATE ZIP t, J

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com The module also has an 8- channel File [dit Circuit Windom Help j000,r logic analyzer with graphical and amp3b.ca3 hexadecimal displays. It can be triggered by pattern recognition, or by a rising or falling external signal. The most powerful "instrument" is the truth table, It performs conversions -- --1i between gate, truth -table, and u 1 Boolean representations. Just think, .. -table, the k4 4 you could enter a truth and Tz2z---: program will wire up the appropriate circuit as well as give you the logic 1 1 1 1 expression for your notes! This is where software leaps beyond what is possible in the real world.

There's More. As if these extensive tools and parts aren't enough, there are supplemental products you can buy to add even greater usefulness to the Electronics Workbench. One of the most powerful of those is called The analog simulator can operate in both transient mode (for -power-uf .sbnulation) or "Model Set 1." In it you'll find simula- steady -state mode. Here its shown in steady -state mode so its oscilloscope displays a tions of the most commonly used periodic waveform generated by the virtual circuit. components listed by part number. Each model is not generic; it is a sim- Its bundled parts bin contains re- of the digital simulator that's both ulation of each part according to sistors, capacitors, inductors transfor- good and bad: it "uses" ideal compo- manufacturer's specifications. How mers, diodes, Zener diodes, bipolar nents. Thus the slew rates (or rise and many parts? There are 22 plain di- transistors, LED's, bulbs, fuses; AC and fall speeds) and fan outs are infinite, odes, 38 Zener diodes, 30 op -amps, DC voltage and current sources; and and the propagation delays are zero. 72 NPN transistors, 70 PNP transistors, voltmeters and ammeters. Those last The good news is that that is fine for 41 N- channel JFET's, 12 P- channel two can help you monitor multiple verifying truth tables and testing com- JFET's, 12 N- channel MOSFET's, 13 P- points in a circuit in lieu of sufficient binational -logic circuits. It also en- channel MOSFET's. That's a lot of virtual test equipment. hances the speed of the simulator. silicon for $29.95 Speaking of test equipment, there's The bad news is that the simulator will Another product suitable for begin- a 1 HZ -to -999 MHz function generator not reveal race conditions in sequen- ners and the experienced is the for square, triangle, and sinusoidal tial -logic circuits (circuits with feed- round -up of 150 pre -made circuits. waves. You can adjust its amplitude, back loops like simple RS flip -flops). They come on diskette along with a 7- frequency, duty cycle, and DC offset. But that is a universal short-corning of chapter book describing the opera- There's also a multimeter that mea- digital simulators that cost less then tion of every circuit for $39.95. (Plans sures current, voltage, resistance, and $1000. are also in the works to produce an- dB's. Unlike real meters, this software The digital parts bin contains AND, oR, other book/diskette set of even more unit is ideal (placing no load in a cir- xoR, NOT, NOR, and NAND gates RS, JK, and circuits, so it looks as though the sup- cuit), but its characteristics can be al- D flip -flops, half adders, seven -seg- port may never end.) tered for realism. ment displays, and voltmeters. Of Whether you're an old hand at

The 1 HZ -to -999 MHz dual -trace os- course you can add more parts to this electronics that likes powerful CAE cilloscope present supports internal pretty good list. "toys," or just getting started and hesi- and external triggering on either the With regard to test equipment, tant to commit beacoup bucks to positive or negative edge. It is also there is a multimeter included in the supplies and equipment, the Elec- capable of X -Y mode for plotting digital instrument shelf. However, it tronics Workbench comes highly rec- characteristic curves and Lissajous can only act as a voltmeter. ommended. It's simple enough to use patterns. There's also a 16 -word, 8 -bit data for the beginner, and powerful The included Bode plotter allows generator. All you .do is type in the enough for reconfiguration and aug- you to study the frequency response appropriate value of each bit, or load mentation by the advanced user. If of a circuit. You just specify the fre- a previously saved pattern in from the you fall into either category and wish quencies of interest and the unit plots hard disk. The generator has three to find out more about the $ 299 pack- them versus their phase shift or gain. modes: single step, which produces age, contact Interactive Image Tech- The plot can be either logarithmic or one word each time you hit the step nologies, Ltd. (700 King St. West, Suite linear. button; burst, which sequences 815, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5V through all 16 words; and cycle, to 2Y6) directly, or circle No. 119 on the 20 Digital Module. There is one feature sequence the words over and over. Free Information Card.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PRODUCT TEST REPORTS

By Len Feldman ot everyone wants the field processor can use pre- have been designed to, N bother of "mixing and set equalization curves, or work ideally with the elec- matching" audio compo- equalization curves that you tronic components. In fact, nents in order to assemble establish yourself and store Technics has built in a mod- a good sounding stereo in memory. The CD erate amount of bass boost Technics system. That is one of the changer allows you to in the amplifier section of chief reasons behind the change discs even while the system in order to ex- SC -CH555 popularity of all -in -one one disc is playing. More tend bass response that "mini" component systems. important, the CD player might otherwise begin to Mini Besides taking the drudgery uses Technics famous MASH roll off at very low frequen- out of the selection process, system of D/A conversion, cies. Component mini systems also take up which ensures extremely lin- One feature that will ap- less room than full -size sys- ear recovery of digitally peal to many prospective Stereo tems; they can usually fit on recorded signals. purchasers is the fact that a shelf. Finally, and perhaps The system's quartz -syn- the four electronic compo- System best of all, by retaining con- thesized tuner provides 20 nents of the system are truly trol of both the electronics random presets. A program separate. They are and the loudspeakers, the timer lets you fall asleep powered by a flat -wire ca- manufacturer of a mini sys- listening to one musical ble equipped with con- tem can make certain that source and volume level nectors that plug into all overall response of the en- and wake up to a different four components, but the tire system is as flat and source at a different vol- cable is long enough so ume. A multi- function that the components can remote control comes with either be stacked vertically the system and allows you or in two stacks of two. to select and operate any Sufficient speaker wire is of the program sources provided so that the speak- from the comfort of your ers can be positioned far listening position. The sys- apart if room allows. tem even boasts a microphone input and a CONTROL LAYOUT "Karaoke" (sing -along) fea- Controls for the system ture that lowers the level of are distributed among the CIRCLE 120 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD a recorded vocalist four components as appropriate to their function. The The Technics model SC -CH555 mini -component system. (through frequency analysis) and allows you to main -power /standby switch substitute your own vocal and master volume control uniform as possible. talents. The results of this are located on the tuner/ We recently evaluated effort can be recorded amplifier unit. All controls and tested several such sys- using the system's cassette work as you might expect tems and were most tape deck. The system and are clearly labeled. impressed by the Technics makes it easy to transfer the Each component is also SC-CH555. That system con- music from CD's to tape as equipped with an easily sists of four components: an well, with the system even read display section that integrated tuner/amplifier, a capable of analyzing how clearly indicates the status three -disc CD changer, a many tracks will fit on each of that particular compo- dual-transport cassette side of a tape and editing nent. deck, and a sound -field the recording accordingly. The wireless remote con- processor that can be used The system is supplied trol supplied with the to simulate various acoustic with a pair of three -way Technics SC -CH555 is clear- environments. The sound- loudspeaker systems that ly divided into sections. 21

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com AMPLITUDE (dB) VERSUS FREQUENCY (Hz), FM TUNER SECTION; TECHNICS SC -CH555 SEPARATION (dB) vs. FREQUENCY (Hz); FM TUNER SECTION, TECHNICS SC -CH555 10.000 10.000 10.00 Ap A P

8.0000 0.0 --...... 0.0 6.0000

-10.00 10.0' 4.0000

2.0000 -20.00 20.0

.._. _ 0.0 - -30.00 / / 30.0 2.000 / \ /" 4.000 -40.00 / 40.0 6.000 50.0 -50.00 `...... , j " -8.000

-10.00 -60.00 60.0

20 100 1k 10k 20k 30 100 1k 10k 20k The rise in response at 50 Hz is deliberate and intended to The FM- receiver section boasted outstanding stereo separation. enhance the bass response of the unit's small speaker enclosuers. At / kHz, separation measured more than 50 dB.

DISTORTION t NOISE VERSUS FREQUENCY; FM SECTION, TECHNICS SC -CH555 MOM-AND- FLUTTER TEST, TAPE CASSETTE SECTION, TECHNICS SC -CH555 SYSTEM 3 Ap .50000 Ap

.45100

1 ¡ .40200

.35300

/ .30400

.25500 0.1 7 .20600 .15700

.10800

.05900

0.010 .01000 50 100 1k 10k 20k 5.000 7.000 9.000 11.00 13.00 15.00 17.00 19.00 21.00 23 00 25.00 The total- harmonic -distortion -plus -noise (at / kHz) measured While Technics claimed a wow-and-flutter figure of 0.1% 0.25% for mono (solid curve) and 0.48% for stereo (dashed (WRMS), this sample measured closer to 0.05% WRMS (lower curve). trace). Even using the /EC peak- weighted method (upper trace), peak wow-and-flutter rarely reached 0.1 %. There are tuner controls, the components, but also sound -processor buttons, routes the audio signals tuner section of this system. The quieting charac- compact -disc changer but- from the source compo- The frequency response teristics of the FM -tuner tons and cassette -deck nents to the tuner /amplifier. was virtually flat from 100 Hz section were not as good controls. In addition, con- Speaker connections were to 15 kHz, but below 100 Hz as we have come to ex- trols for adjusting volume, made via color -coded there was a rise in response pect from separate full -size selecting program source, spring -grip terminals. An AM of approximately 4 dB (with tuner components or even setting the sleep timer, and loopstick is easily attached its peak at 50 Hz). We soon from better integrated full - muting are common con- to the rear of the tuner/ discovered that this was not size receiver components. trols that operate for all amplifier. As for FM, a sim- a function of the tuner, but Still, during subsequent Ils- program sources. ple indoor wire antenna is rather a built -in charac- tening tests, using a decent, Hookup of the four com- supplied, but serious FM lis- teristic of the amplifier powered indoor antenna, ponents and the speakers teners will want to use a section, designed to en- we were able to pick up all took only a few minutes, 'better antenna (either an hance the bass response of of our favorite FM stereo and was much easier than outdoor unit or a powered the relatively small speaker stations with acceptably would be the case for sep- indoor one). enclosures. That moderate low background -noise lev- arate components made amount of bass boost was els. The best signal -to -noise by several manufacturers. TUNER -SECTION effective without tending to ratio for strong (65 dBf) in- For one thing, the flat, multi - MEASUREMENTS overload the amplifier (or coming signals measured conductor cable not only We first measured the the loudspeakers) at nor- 70 dB for mono and 60 dB 22 delivers power to each of performance of the FM- mal listening levels. for stereo signals.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CD- CHANGER noise measured 0.03% for TEST RESULTS -TECHNICS SC -CH555 MINI STEREO SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS the left channel and 0.06% Specification Mfr. Claim PE Measured Next, we measured the for the right channel. More important, the levels of dis- Tuner Section performance of the CD changer. Once again, the tortion remained fairly S/N Ratio (mono /stereo) 75óB /N.A. 72dB/60dB frequency response of the constant over much of the Stereo Separation 35 dB 51 dB Distortion (mono /stereo) N.A. /N.A. 0.23/0.48% CD- changer section was audio spectrum, unlike AM sensitivity 500µV /m 450µV/m governed by that slight but some CD players that have in Amplifier Section permanent bass boost be- a significant rise distortion low 100 Hz. Channel at treble frequencies. Power output/channel 35 watts 36 watts was Low -level linearity was ex- Rated THD 0.9% 0.8% balance accurate to S/N ratio 88 dB Confirmed within a fraction of a dB cellent, with deviation from Frequency response 40 Hz -30 kHz See text and roll -off at 20 kHz perfect linearity never ex- CD- Changer Section amounted to no more than ceeding 1 dB even at - 90- 1.5 dB for the left channel dB playback levels. The sig- Frequency Response N.A. See text and 0.5 dB for the right nal -to-noise ratio for the CD THD at 1 kHz (UR) N.A. /N.A. 0.03/0.05% Linearity at -90 dB N.A. -0.9 dB channel. changer was just short of 90 S/N ratio N.A. 90 dB All of our measurements dB, while the dynamic Dynamic range N.A. 93 dB were made via the loud- range measured approxi- Sound -Processor (Equalizer) Sect ion speaker- output terminals, mately 93 dB. Input sensitivity since that corresponds to We tested the error -cor- Aux 250 mV Confirmed the way consumers would rection capability of this CD Mic 0.6 mV Confirmed use the system. Neverthe- player by playing a special Cassette Tape -Deck Section less, at all but maximum test disc that contains various Wow -and -flutter 0.1 %WRMS 0.05 %WRMS power output levels, CD- opaque areas of Frequency response (Type II) 40 Hz -15 kHz ±4dB 40 Hz-14 kHz ±3dB changer- section distortion lengths. The player was S/N ratio (no NR /Dolby B/ plus noise was so low as to able to "play through" miss- Dolby C) 55/66/74 Confirmed be insignificant. At 1 kHz, the ing data of as long as 2.0 General Specifications left- channel- distortion -plus- (Continued on page 26) Dimensions (inches) Sound processor 10%x 3'%32 x 10' %z Confirmed Tuner /amplifier 10/e x 4%8x 13'/i6 Confirmed r------, CD changer 10%ex3'7/32x12'3'32 Confirmed Cassette deck 10%ax4'/,ex1013/32 Confirmed Learn VCR Weight (lbs.) Sound processor 3.75 Confirmed repair at home! Tuner /amplifier 10.1 Confirmed CD changer 6.4 Confirmed MAKE GOOD MONEY IN YOUR Cassette deck 6.2 Confirmed OWN FULL- OR PART-TIME JOB Suggested retail price: $849.95 Professional - level home study You The total harmonic distor- separation normally de- course. will master easy -to- creases significantly, this tion plus noise measured learn, high- profit for a 1 -kHz, 100% modulat- tuner section maintains a repairs with- ing signal was only 0.25% in stereo separation of 35 dB. out investing mono and 0.48% in stereo. Turning to the AM -tuner in high -tech Distortion remained at ap- section, we measured its instruments proximately those levels for frequency response. The or a costly workshop. -dB roll -off low and mid -frequency -6 points oc- Want more modulating signals, but rose curred at 85 Hz and at 3.5 independence to 0.7% for mono and 1.0% kHz. While these results are and higher for stereo for a 6 -kHz modu- not particularly impressive, income? Send lating signal. they are well within the or call today! Perhaps one of the most average range that we Free career literature: outstanding features of the measure for separate "high FM -tuner section was its fidelity" tuners and re- 800 -223 -4542 stereo -separation. At 1 kHz, ceivers -this despite the Name Age separation measured more efforts of many radio sta- Address Phone (_) than 50 dB. Very few full -size tions to induce radio City State Zip_ tuners (no matter how cost- manufacturers to treat AM The School of VCR Repair ly) or receivers can boast radio as more than an af- 6065 Roswell Road that kind of separation fig- terthought when designing Dept. VG341 , Atlanta, Georgia 30328 ure. Even at 10 kHz, where new products. 11. In. noin 23 CIRCLE 159 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com THINK TANK

By John J. Yacono With the warmer from the periodic table anesthetic! They can also weather upon us, beyond a particular tern - be used as spring -like actu- many of us are likely to hit perature called the ators in temperature the open road more often. transition temperature. The sensitive valves, or heat -dif- So this month's letters will elements are continually ference pumps that require deal with projects for the mixed until they reach the no overt power input. "great American auto- "annealing " temperature Because SMA's are typ- mobile," or the equally and allowed to cool. That ically made of conductors venerable motorcycle. causes the elements to with some inherent resis- For our introductory topic, form crystals. The geometry tance, they can be heated Muscle Wire I've decided to give our IC of the crystals depends on by passing a current overview a rest. We've been the elements used, their through them (the Joule and Auto at that topic a while now, ratio, and the temperature effect). So, after they are

and I thought a break at which the crystals form. deformed, they can be Stuff would be nice before Of course, the geometry of electrically activated to as- launching into the CMOS the crystals plays a key role sume their memorized logic family. That said, this in determining the density shape. That makes them month we'll look at a some- and thus volume of the al- useful as valve solenoids or what new component that loy, as you'll see. tactile- feedback actuators. might find its way into your Once cooled down to Many other currently pro- projects: "Muscle Wire," room temperature, an SMA posed uses, such as for which can be made to can be easily deformed in prosthetic limbs and contract when heated by all sorts of ways. During de- organs, or in robotic ap- an electric current. formation, the crystals pendages need much assume a different, looser more development. That's that only ex- because the heat gener- TO IGNITION geometry can HOT ON FUSE ist at room temperature. ated within an SMA to #270 -1204 TAP BLOCK' 'USE RADIO SHACK Unlike an alloy used for a cause it to "remember" spring, they retain their must be carried away be- mangled shape. However, fore the alloy can be flexed that is only a property of again. Air cooling is far too the crystals at room tem- slow for most applications, TO perature. When raised to and water -jacket and heat - PARKING LAMP the transition temperature sink cooling are cumber- FUSE -BLOCK' again, they are not so for- some in design and use. giving and quickly regain Still and all, they can be their old posture or "phase." used by hobbyists to pro- TO LEFT TURN SIG. That is known as the duce interesting effects. The Shaped- Memory Effect (or most common memory al- SME). loy found in the hobbyist TO RIGHT TURN SIG. Since SMA materials can market is nitinol (pro- Fig. I. This useful device provides multiple indications. It tells be "taught" any shape dur- nounced night -in -all), which you when your blinkers are on and if you've left your parking ing annealing, they can be is a 50/50 combination of lights on once you've turned the ignition off used in a variety of ways. nickel and titanium. Wires of For example, an alloy can nitinol, heat-difference ALLOYS WITH MUSCLE be first trained to form a pumps, kits, and other SMA - Muscle wire can be small blood -clot filter, then related products can be made out of any of a series scrunched-up, quickly purchased from a compa- of Shape -Memory Alloys chilled, and inserted into an ny called Mondo Tronics (SMA's), also called "memo- artery. Once warmed by (524 San Anselmo Ave. ry metals." An alloy is the blood, the filter would #107 -20, San Anselmo, CA formed by first heating pre- simply unfold itself. That only 94960). They are the com- cise ratios of two or more requires a half -hour medi- pany that has popularized 24 elements (usually metals) cal procedure and local the name "Muscle Wire,'

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com R3 and produce an interesting to turn each flasher on as 1012 "Muscle Wires you proceed. 10WATT book called U1 O Project Book." It's filled will Auto -parts stores sell a LM317T D1 all kinds of facts and fun plastic splice that is ideal ADJ MR750 projects dealing with nitinol for making the wire con- 50PIV Cl R1 6A nections. All other items FROM wire. 100 10K ./ R4 TO Next month I'll continue were located at Radio 15-50V 50V ..) 3300 BATTERY our discussion on memory Shack. After purchasing ev- SUPPLY OPTIONAL LEDI alloys. We'll explore their erything, I had change left R2 electrical properties, and I'll from a $10 bill. 100K describe how to design cir- -Roger W Hamel, cuits for them. Now let's Cedarville, Ml Fig. 2. Keep those batteries nice and juicy all year long with this the mail bag. Very, very versatile. You open trickle battery charger. Be sure to use heavy -gauge wire for all certainly got a lot for your connections since you might eventually want to charge a battery HEADLIGHTS/TURN- investment. Those of you that's very low. SIGNAL REMINDER that will use the wire-pierc- is but will machine for convenient I drive a bare -bones work ing technique should seal pacitor optional van with a noisy cab. That The tiny pin holes with elec- make life easier on the chip connection and disconnec- makes it difficult to be trical tape. Remember, cars under an extreme charging tion. For those of you that aware that at times the are exposed to harsh en- cycle. With proper heat enjoy lights, run a LED in re- flashers may be on for vironments and that can sinking, the IC is capable of series with a 330 -ohm miles! Also, after forgetting lead to wire corrosion even carrying 1.5 amps to the sistor from pin 3 to ground to turn off headlights and from a pin hole. battery. The circuit can be as a power -on indicator as to the battery shown. For the input you requiring a jump start, I de- left hooked sup- cided it was time to come CHARGE IT all of the time and it won't can use any DC power 15-50 up with a simple and inex- Here in Ohio you can over -charge it. ply yielding between volts. I use old wall -type pensive solution to both never tell what the weather I wired a plug to an easily worn- those ongoing problems. will bring. For instance, last accessible place on each power supplies from The result is shown in Fig. 1. winter was extremely dry, so

If the ignition is on and I never used my tractor to the parking lights are on or push any snow. Also, on Lai off, the non -inverting input occasion a person can go 6ÇET of U1 is at 8 volts and the for a motorcycle ride in tt O inverting input is either 0 or February. Instead of remov-

4 volts. That causes pin 6 to ing the batteries from those be b..rb hyo.r ya

go high, keeping the buzzer vehicles for the winter I off. If the ignition is off and made this circuit (see Fig. 2) the parking lights are on, to keep them charged all Q the non -inverting input is at year round. 0 volts and the inverting The circuit is built around input is at 4 volts. That an LM317T adjustable volt- Your Ticket To brings pin 6 low, activating age regulator. Its output the buzzer. With the ignition voltage (Vow) is deter- and turn signal on, and the mined by the formula: parking lights on or off, the VOUT =1.25(1 + R2/R1) non -inverting input is at 8 Over 28,000 technicians have gained admit- tance worldwide as certified professionals. I chose a 10K resistor for R1 volts and the inverting input Let your ticket start opening doors for you. pulses 12 volts, causing and a 100K resistor for R2 to at ISCET offers Journeyman certification in the buzzer to sound in step allow for a little wasted cur- Consumer Electronics, Industrial, Medical, with the blinker. rent flow (around 125 Communications, Radar, Computer and That Video. For more information, contact the The turn -signal wires in i. amps). arrangement International Society of Certified Electro- my case were easily found will develop 13.75 volts be- nics Technicians, 2708 West Berry Street. by removing the shroud on tween the output terminal Fort Worth, TX 76109; (817) 921 -9101. the lower part of the steer- and ground. I connect that Name ing column. To find the to the battery through R3 Address correct wire for your in- and a diode to prevent City stallation, equip the buzzer burn out if the terminals are State Zip with test clips and a safety shorted or reversed, and to _Send material about ISCET and pin. Using the safety pin as prevent battery discharge becoming certified. a probe, pierce the insula- in the event the regulator is Send one "Study Guide for the En- tion of likely wires to find the disconnected from the Associate Level CET Test." Lclosed is $10 (inc. postage). turn- signal wires. Make sure main power supply. The ca- J 25

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com out electric ware. TO or by using an existing much power making cold - SWITCHED I hope this circuit makes switched source. Examples weather starts difficult. 12V TO KEYSWITCH life a little easier for some- of existing sources might be That's all the room we body. R2 R1 a brake light, turn signal, have for this month. Till next 33052 -Joseph D. Gaskilt, Aus- 2.2K parking light, or anything time, send your best efforts tintown, OH that most people would not to me here at Think Tank, You seem to have normally activate while Popular Electronics, 500 -B Thought of everything. Ev- starting a vehicle. Bi- County Blvd., Farm- Q1 SCR1 sure to use With regard to using a ingdale, NY 11735. If your erybody be 2N2222 NTE5550 heavy-gauge wire for this turn- signal indicator, it work appears here, a book one. doesn't matter that the form our library will be- TO STARTER power applied to Q1 is not come yours. SOLENOID STARTER CUT-OFF constant. Only a pulse is In the October 1992 issue Fig. 3. This starter cut -off required to latch the SCR switch should be inserted in I read the submission for the on, provided that the key - the line between the ignition starter cut -off which utilized switch is in the starting switch and the starter a relay. I am a position. The SCR I used is a submitting solenoid. It can receive its circuit that uses a NPN tran- 25-amp, unit. When someone switching signal from a 50 -volt in your family sistor as a switch instead. In switch you install, or any -Don Bradley, gets cancer, my -off cir- KY everyone auto- starter cut switched source one would Owensboro, in your family cuit (see Fig. 3), two not normally activate during That SCR is more than needs help. conditions are required to starting. suitable since it only sup- Among our regular services we provide information and start the car: the keyswitch plies current to the starter guidance to patients and families, transpon patients to and from must be turned to the start- passive circuit since, once solenoid and not the starter treatment. supply home care items and assist patients in their return to everyday life. ing position, and Q1 must the keyswitch is returned to itself. By the way 1 prefer Life is what concerns us. When Q1 is the run position, the SCR's your to the So you can .see we are even be turned on. circuit original more than the research organi- switched to the on state, current flow is interrupted design. There are no con- zation we are so well known to be. No ors faces cancer alone. current flows through the and unlatched, thus reset- tacts to wear out or pit from gate allowing current to ting the SCR. repeated starting. You idea pass through the SCR, pro- Transistor Q1 can be for using existing accessory iaARMIow COMER soCIMr vided that the keyswitch is turned on by connecting R2 switches is also a winner, also turned to the starting through a separate switch provided the accessory position. Note that this is a to a 12 -volt power source, chosen will not draw too

PRODUCT TEST REPORT sample actually measured 20 kHz, at just under the using the "Space" equaliza- (Continued from page 23) closer to 0.05 %. In fact, rated distortion level of tion settings and other even using the IEC peak - 0.9 %. The signal -to-noise available EQ modes, weighted method of wow - ratio, measured via the ex- sounds seemed often to ex- millimeters without introduc- and- flutter measurement, ternal auxiliary input and tend beyond the physical ing any audible artifacts. peak wow -and flutter rarely referenced to the rated limits of the loudspeakers. That's more than three times reached the 0.1% level. output, measured 88 dB. Overall, we were pleased the minimum requirement The signal -to -noise ratio The frequency response of with the tonal quality of the stated in the audio -CD for an analog- cassette the amplifier section (dis- system and with the stereo standard. Furthermore, the deck depends in part on counting the small bass imaging and the apparent CD changer was highly re- the deck's electronics as boost referred to earlier) ex- depth of the sonic field of sistant to external shock well as on the type of tape tended from 40 Hz to 30 the Technics SC- CH555. We and vibration, literally re- being used. We again used kHz. doubt that you could as- quiring fairly heavy fist - a high -grade Type II tape semble a system of pounding before any mis- and obtained signal -to- HANDS -ON TESTS separate components (in- tracking occurred. noise readings of 56 dB Once we installed a cou- cluding speakers) for the without Dolby, 66 dB with ple of CD's and a blank modest cost of this entire CASSETTE TAPE DECK Dolby B, and an outstand- tape into the deck -2 well, system and have it perform MEASUREMENTS ing 74 dB using Dolby C we were able to operate as well, let alone offer all Using Type -II recording noise reduction. the entire system using the the convenience features. tape, we found that the remote control. We listened For more information on record/play frequency re- AMPLIFIER-SECTION to radio broadcasts, switch- the Technics SC- CH555, sponse of the tape section MEASUREMENTS ed easily to CD listening, contact the manufacturer extended from 40 Hz to 14 With both channels driv- and initiated tape record- (Matsushita Electric Corp. of kHz, ±3 dB. While Technics' en, the amplifier delivered ing all from the comfort of America, One Panasonic published specifications 35- watts -per- channel into our listening position. De- Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094), claim a wow- and -flutter fig- 6 -ohm loads, over the fre- spite the fact that there are or circle no. 120 on the Free 26 ure of 0.1% (WRMS), our quency range from 40 Hz to only two loudspeakers, Information Card.

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Call Blocker , EtEPMOME

CALLER BLOCK Use this circuit and the

telephone company's "Caller PPJGPAM

ID" service to spare yourself ACTIVE from unwanted calls. BV RASE

BY TERRY J. WEEDER

Have you ever been annoyed numbers can be easily entered into number will only be available from by a phone that constantly the non -volatile memory using a parties who are calling from within rings off the hook while you tone -dialed phone without changing your area. At the present time "your were trying to devote your attention the initial hook -up of the Caller Block area" consists of local calls that ori- elsewhere. To make matters worse, it unit. The memory is broken up into Iwo ginate from where CND is available, seems that most of those calls are separate directories with an external but will soon be set up to include long - from people you did not wish to speak switch used to select which one will be distance calls made from wherever with. You can, and at times probably active. One of the directories can be CND is available. As more and more have, broken down and turned off the used to hold a large list of numbers telephone companies upgrade their bell on your phone just to get a little from people whom you wish to allow equipment, the list of callers outside peace and quiet. The only problem to ring your phone on a daily basis, "your area" will continue to decrease. with that solution is that you are then while the other directory can be used The actual data sent over the tele- completely cut off from the outside for a more selective list of the most phone line is a burst of modem tones world and even important calls from important callers for those times when using 1200 Hz as a logical 1 (mark) and friends or family can't get through. you want more privacy. Because the 2200 Hz as a logical 0 (space). The There are a number of companies Caller Block's memory is stored in an data stream begins with a "Channel- that are now offering a device that will EEPROM, all telephone numbers pro- Seizure" signal that consists of a block display the number of the calling par- grammed into memory will stay there of 300 alternating mark/space bits ty for you to view prior to picking up even if the power is interrupted. used by the receiver as an indication the telephone (called "Caller ID "). that data will soon follow. That is fol- That is nice, but even if you can deter- About Caller ID. With the recent lowed immediately by 180 mark bits; mine that you don't want to answer implementation of the service known that allows time for the receiver to set the call, your peace has already as CND (Calling Number Delivery) on up for the first word. Each data word is been invaded by the ringing of the most major phone networks, it is now 8 -bits long (least significant bit trans- telephone and the act of getting up possible to receive data about the mitted first), and is preceded by a start to see whose number is displayed on calling party prior to picking up the bit (space) and followed by a stop bit the screen. phone. That data is what is used by (mark). In addition, up to 10 mark bits There is a better solution. The Caller the many caller ID units now hitting may be added between words. Block described in this article is a de- the market, and it is what makes this The portion of the message that vice that connects between your tele- circuit possible. CND is a subscriber contains the calling number is pre- phone and the telephone wall jack feature that transmits data (date, ceded by a "type code" of 04(hex). and prevents the phone from ringing time, number) about the calling party The first word to follow is a "length" unless the telephone number of the during the silent period between the word that indicates the number of the person calling matches one of the first and second ring. You must sub- words in the message. Following the numbers you have entered into its scribe to the service or no data will be length word, the date, time (in 24- memory. For maximum versatility, an received, but once you have sub- hour format), and the telephone answering machine can be placed scribed, you will receive the data on number is sent in ASCII format. Finally, on the same line to handle those calls all calls regardless of whether the call- a "checksum" word is sent. For exam- that do not qualify to ring the phone; er subscribes or not. Call your local ple, 01 -15 -94 2:30pm 513 -555 -1212 those can be dealt with later on at phone company to get more infor- would be sent as follows: your own convenience. The unit can mation about getting CND on your be used in conjunction with a Caller - line. 01159414305135551212 ID display unit The date and time information is A list of up to 62 different telephone sent on all calls, but the actual calling 31

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com FIRST RING 0.5 the upper half of port B. U1 monitors

2 SECONDS SECT ISECI S2 SECONDS I the RING and CARRIER- DETECT pins and when a call is detected, U1 reads the 101 DATA calling party's number from U2, which is output serially through pin 15, and RING DETECT (12) stores it in an internal register. The telephone number is then compared to the group of numbers stored in U4, a CARRIER DET (13) 93LC56 2K serial EEPROM also manufactured by Microchip. The 93LC56 uses a 4 -line (CHIP SELECT, CLOCK, DATA IN, DATA OUT (15) and DATA our) interface, which is con- DATA nected to port A of UI. Affer-a high is detected on the CHIP -SELECT pin, data is POWER UP (7) then transferred to and from the 93LC56 on the positive transition of the CLOCK pin. Each read or write func- Fig. I. The timing relationships between the data sent over the phone line (top trace), tion is preceded by a start bit, an op- and the output pins of U2 (Motorola's new calling line identification receiver chip) are (identifying the function to be shown here. code performed, i.e. read, write, etc.) an 8- Circuit Theory. The circuit is made the telephone and pulls the voltage bit address, and the 8 bits of data that possible by U2, Motorola's new Call- on R10 low when the phone is lifted off are being written to, or read from, that ing -Line Identification Receiver chip hook. Transistor Q2 is used as a switch address. Immediately preceding and (part no. MC145447), which receives to turn LEDI on and off, which indi- following all write operations, the mi- the modem -like tones from the tele- cates when the circuit is in the pro- crocontroller (U1) sends instructions to phone line and decodes them. Figure gramming mode. the 93LC56 that enables /disables the

1 shows the timing relationship be- Power is taken from a 9 -VDC wall write function, thereby protecting the tween the data on the phone line adapter and is regulated by U6, a low - data afterwards. (top), and the various output pins of current 5 -volt regulator, and filtered When entering the programming that IC. by capacitors C13 -C15. To allow the mode, the telephone is disconnected When a ring pulse is detected on telephone's keypad to be used, cur- from the phone line by the relay (K1) the phone line, the RING DETECT pin (pin rent is supplied to the telephone and is connected to the analog input 12) goes low. About 1/2 second after through R9 when the circuit is in the (pin 7) of U3, a DTMF receiver man- the end of the ring, the channel -sei- programming mode. ufactured by Motorola. Integrated - zure signal (shown as 0101) causes the The heart of the circuit is U1, a circuit U3 is used to decode the tones CARRIER- DETECT pin (pin 13) to go low. The PIC16C55 EPROM -based 8 -bit CMOS emitted by the telephone and place "1" shown after the "0101" represents microcontroller manufactured by Mi- its 4 -bit word equivalent on the lower the series of marks that are sent to crochip. That microcontroller has one half of U1's port B. As each number is allow the microprocessor to set up to 4 -bit and Iwo 8 -bit I/O ports, with each entered by the telephone, U1 reads receive data. The DATA-our pin (pin 15) I/O pin being configured separately the 4 -bit word on port B and writes it to goes low when receiving the very first as either an input or output through the EEPROM (U4) using port A. If the start bit, which is the space following software commands. The chip has jumper (JU1) is installed, the micro - the series of marks, and continues to 512 x 12 bits of EPROM memory to controller is configured to omit all output the decoded data, serially, at hold the operating program and 32 area codes (both in programming TTL levels. The POWER-UP pin (pin 7) was x 8 bits of data RAM used for working and receiving), thereby simplifying designed for use in battery- operated registers. A block diagram of U1's op- the programming operation and al- circuits to conserve power and is not erating program is shown in Fig. 3. For lowing more numbers to be entered used here. those who wish to program their own into memory. The schematic diagram for the PIC, the .ASM and .OBJ code files are Caller Block is shown in Fig. 2. The available in the PE Library on this Construction. The whole circuit, ex- modem -like tones are coupled magazine's BBS (516- 293 -2283, 8N1, cept for the switches and LED, fits nice- through C3, C4, R1, and R2 to pins 1 up to 9600 bps), or a pre -pro- ly on a double -sided printed circuit and 2 of U2. The metal -oxide varistor grammed PIC16C55 microcontroller board. The artwork is provided in Fig. 4 (MOV1) protects the circuit from high - can be purchased from the source for those who wish to etch their own voltage spikes, such as those pro- mentioned in the Parts List. A non -proboard, or you may purchase a pre - duced by lightning strikes. The ring grammed chip along with a PIC pro- etched and drilled PCB from the pulses are coupled to the RING-DETECT grammer can be obtained from Digi- source mentioned in the Parts List. pins (pins 3 and 4) of U2 via C1, C2, Key (701 Brooks Ave. South, FO. Box 677, Once you have obtained your board, BR1, and R3-R5. The relay (K1) is used Thief River Falls, MN 56701 -0677) and identify the component side of the PC to connect/disconnect the telephone other sources. board (which is marked), then refer to from the phone line. The optoisolator The output pins of U2, as referred to the parts- placement diagram shown 32 (U5) monitors the current flow through in Fig. 1, are connected to U1 through in Fig. 5 to begin construction.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ww +5V I( C4 R8 C3 R2 R1 2K 470pF 470pF 10K 10K vM +5V JI _K_- 11N, RED R7 DO 2 2K 13 D1 C1 BR1 0.2 14 R3 12 D2 14 TO 200PIV TELEPHONE MOV1 3 `D3 13 1 30 VRMS b WALL JACK R4 D4 2 J2 C7 18K GRN o 0.1 o o R, XIN C2 l - 15K 7 0.2 ANO GND +5V V4A D6 U3 R6 +IC5 D7 MC145436 J3 01 270K 0.22 , RED o C9 .01

1 +5V +5V +5V U1

PIC16C56 CS 8 2 10 D0, V VDD RBO CU( 11 D1 7 = C10 RTCC RBI Nli C8 TO K1 D1 28 12 D2 DI 0.1 MCLR R82 6 TELEPHONE 5V 1N4148 1P3 ORG 0.1 18 13 D3 DO RCO RB3 V 5 14 D4 RB4 U4 15 10K RB5 D5 i0LC55 19 16 D6 RC ABE 17 D7 21 RB7 +5V RC3 +5V J4 I R13 20 6 RC2 RAO P ti R12 10K GRN S1 P1 o 10K RA1 BYPASS OSC2 8 P2 02 RA2 U5 O P3 2N4401 R78 ----Cf° RA3 LEDI PS2505-1 15013 R9 S2 23 7552 RC5 DIRECTORY 22 RC4 R15 O-*O +5V 10K +5V OSC1 SS XTAL1 27 4 *-106-t 3.58MHz R14 TO C13 1+ - IoI- 10K 9V 47 C12 C11 C15 C14 ADAPTER 15pF 15pF 'SEE TEXT

Fig. 2. Microcontroller (UI) reads the calling party's telephone number from U2, compares it to the list of user -entered numbers stored in U4 and closes the relay (KI) if a match is found.

Start by installing and soldering the have to be entered into memory. In to the cathode terminal and which is IC sockets for U1 through U4. Solder U5 the future, when the CND link has connected to the anode). and U6 directly to the board, using the been extended nationwide, you can The two telephone cords that plug component orientations shown in Fig. simply remove the jumper and re -en- into the telephone and into the wall 5. Mount the rest of the components ter your list of telephone numbers jack can be made from a single to the board, paying particular atten- using their area codes. phone cord with a modular plug on tion to C5, C13, D1, BR1, Q1, and Q2 to After all components are soldered each end (such cords are available prevent installing them backwards. to the board, inspect both sides for from Radio Shack and elsewhere) by When soldering the crystal (XTAL1), solder bridges or cold solder joints, cutting it in half. Label one cord To WALL leave a small space between the bot- which appear as dull blobs of solder, JACK and solder its red and green wires tom of the crystal and the PC board. and correct if necessary. Carefully to terminals J1 and J2. Label the other There is a chance that the metal case plug U1 through U4 into their sockets, cord TO TELEPHONE and solder its red and of the crystal could short the Iwo sol- making sure that they are oriented green wires to the terminals labeled der pads together if it is pushed flush correctly. Make sure that all IC's are J3 and J4. Note that the yellow and against the board when soldering. seated correctly with no pins bent or black wires on both cords are not At the time of this writing, CND (Call- misaligned. used. Use an AC wall adapter with an ing Number Delivery) was not avail- Cut four pieces of insulated hook- output of 9VDC, such as the Radio able on calls originating outside the up wire, about 6- inches long, and twist Shack 273 -1455; cut the coaxial plug local area code (at least not in the them into pairs, then solder one end off the end of the output cord and author's community). As mentioned, of each pair to the board terminals solder the " +" and " - " wires to the with JU1 in place, the microcontroller labeled S1 and S2. Cut two pieces of appropriate terminals on the board. is configured to ignore the area different -colored wire to the same The size of the PC board and the codes on all incoming calls; only the length, and twist and solder them to location of the mounting holes are last seven digits of each number in the LED terminals on the board (take such that it will mount directly into a your list of telephone numbers will care to note which color is connected plastic enclosure available from Digi- 33

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com INITIALIZE PORTS

Si CLOSED? CLOSE RELAY

IS PHONE OFF HOOK?

OPEN RELAY NO TONE CLOSE RELAY P1,1 SENT'

YES

RING DETECT? TURN ON ED

GET NUMBER RING I ROM PRONE DET 0.6 SEC LATER

END OF RING DET?

ARRIER DET WITHIN 1.5 SEC WRITE NUMBER TO DIRECTORY 13'

START BIT WITHIN

1 WRITE N' IMF! RI SEC ,

GET 8 -BIT WORD FROM U2

GET AND DISCARD :_ENGTH, DATE, AND TIME CLOSE RE.LA

GET AND DISCARD AREA CODE

GET 10 DIGIT GET 7 DIGIT

TO MITI P I ROM 07 NUMBER FROM U2

RI AD NUMBERS FROM CLOSE RELAY DIREC TORY B'

T' AD NJMR! RS FROM

Fig. 3. This flowchart .shows how U/.s operating program works. A pre-pro,Grununed 34 mil roeontro/ler is available from the source mentioned in the Parts list.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 7 KO o o 0 O -o CO-11:11 0 o O o o = 0 0 0 00 o o 0/1: o :lie o o O O O 0 0 0 n Ip 0 o o 0 o0 j°j 0 o o ls-0 °' 00 oob o 00 q a+-O00000000400

e o i ñ a

000 00000000 -7ooeo a p g 000000 00 0 0.00011 0/ o 000 0 O 00000 0000 1óóó0 0

O O O . o 0 O O O 0

3 1/8 INCHES .I Tri 3 1/8 INCHES Fig. 4. The Caller Block is assembled on a double -sided PC board. Both sides of the board are shown here full size.

Key (part no. SR131G -ND), but it is not PARTS LIST FOR THE CALL BLOCKER critical that you use that box. Any enclosure large enough to accommo- RESISTORS DI- 1N4148 general -purpose silicon date the board (All resistors are 1/4 -watt, 5% units) diode and front -panel R1, R2, R10-R15- 10,000-ohm LEDI -Red light- emitting diode mounted switches will do. R3- 470,000 -ohm BR1-1.0 -amp, 200 -Ply, fullwave- Drill a hole in the top of the en- R4- I8,000 -ohm bridge rectifier closure for the LED, and two holes for R5- 15,000 -ohm the switches. Label the enclosure ac- ADDITIONAL PARTS AND R6- 270,000 -ohm cordingly, using -transfer MATERIALS dry lettering R7, R8 -2000 -ohm (available from or KI- 5 -VDC, DPDT relay art office -supply R9-75 -ohm stores), and mount the switches and R16 -150 -ohm MOV1 -130 VRMS, metal -oxide varistor LED to the enclosure and connect CAPACITORS XTALI -3.58 -MHz, TV colorburst them to the appropriate points on the CI, C2- 0.2 -µF, Mylar crystal board using the wire pairs you pre- C3, Cl 470 -pF, ceramic disc SI, S2 -SPST toggle switch viously installed. Mount the PC board C5- 0.22 -µF, 16-WVDC, tantalum Enclosure, PC board, IC sockets, in the enclosure and cut three slots in C6-C8, C10, Cí4, C15-0.1-11,F, wall adapter (9 -volt DC, see text), the seam of the plastic case for the telephone cord with modular Mylar power cord and the phone cords. plugs, hook -up wire, solder, Mylar Finish by running these wires out CII, C12 -15 -pE ceramic disc hardware, etc. through the slots and assembling the C13-47 -11F 16 -WVDC, electrolytic Note: The following items are available from Weeder two halves of the plastic case. SEMICONDUCTORS Technologies, P.O. Box 421, U I -PI C 16C55 -XT/P, Batavia. OH 45103: A double - Operation. You must call your phone microcontroller, integrated circuit sided etched and drilled PC hoard company and subscribe to the Caller (Microchip) (WTCBL-B), $11.50; a kit of all ID service for your Caller Block unit to MC145447, calling -line U2- board- mounted components function. It may take several days to identification receiver, integrated including a preprogrammed be hooked up, depending on your circuit (Motorola) PICI6C55 (WTCBL -C), $34.50; a local telephone company, so it is a U3- MC145436, DTMF receiver, preprogrammed PIC16C55 only good idea to do that in advance. integrated circuit (Motorola) (PIC -CBL), $18.00. All orders U4- 93LC56, serial EEPROM, must include an additional $3.50 Plug the phone cord labeled To WALL integrated circuit (Microchip) for shipping and handling. U.S. JACK into the telephone jack on the U5- PS2505 -I optoisolator or and Canadian orders only, please. wall and plug the cord labeled To TELE- equivalent, integrated circuit Ohio residents must add 6% sales PHONE into your telephone. Plug the AC U6 -78L05 low power 5 -volt tax. Please call your local adapter into the wall and the Caller regulator, integrated circuit telephone company to verify that Block should be ready to go. QI, Q2- 2N4401 general- purpose "Caller ID" is available in your Using a piece of paper, make Iwo NPN silicon transistor area before ordering. lists of telephone numbers, one for 35

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com C3 R1 J2 jo R2 TO C4 JU1 TELEPHONE -MOV1- R3 WALL JACK 112 J1 R7 R8 R16 R4 + C1 BR1 R5

J4 C2

TO TELEPHONE J3 o

U3 U4

TO 9V ADAPTER

Fig. 5. Use this parts -placement diagram when assembling the PC board. The jumper (JUl) should be installed if you do not want to include area codes with each telephone number stored in memory.

each directory. As explained earlier, Note: If you configured your Caller 555-1212#555-0110#231-0675# one directory can contain a large list Block to use area codes (omitting 753-9607#752#444-2276# of all your friends and family whom JU1), all numbers entered into memo- 786#225-35#831-097#* you wish to allow to ring your phone ry must include the area code on a daily basis. The other list can be whether local or long distance. The Note, that a prefix can be any more selective, listing only those most number "1" is not required at the be- length less then a full number. If you important callers for times when you ginning of long distance numbers make a mistake, press the " *" button want more privacy. Each directory and should not be used when enter- to end programming then hang up can hold up to 255 characters including your numbers. the phone and begin again. If the " #" ing the " #" sign, which is used to sepa- To enter your list of telephone num- button is accidentally pressed twice in rate the telephone numbers. That bers into memory, first verify that the a row while programming, it is inter- works out to 31 different 7 -digit tele- bypass switch (S1) is inactive (open), preted as being a prefix consisting of phone numbers or 23 different 10 -dig- then switch S2 to the desired directory no numbers, thereby allowing any it numbers (those with area codes). and pick up the phone while holding telephone number to be accepted When programming the Caller down the " #" button on its keypad. and ring the phone. After you have Block, you may enter just a prefix such The LED should light indicating that finished entering numbers into the as "752 ", and all numbers beginning you are in the programming mode. current directory and ending by with "752" (752 -0001 through Release the " #" button and begin en- pressing the " *" button, simply hang 752 -9999) will ring your phone. That tering your telephone numbers with up the phone, switch S2 to the second comes in handy if you wish the people your phone's keypad. At the end of directory, and repeat the process with in your neighborhood to be included each telephone number press the your second list of numbers. in your list but you do not want to enter " #" button, and after all numbers If you run out of memory while en- all their numbers separately. Also, if have been entered press the " *" but- tering your telephone numbers, the the unit is configured to use the area ton to end programming. An example programming mode is automatically code, entering a three digit prefix will would be as follows (note that terminated. Count the characters in include all callers from that particular hyphens have been added for clarity your list, including the " #" sign be- 36 area code. but obviously would not be entered): (Continued on page 92)

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Online communications "speeds," which determines lets you use your PC to how long it takes to transfer keep in touch with the Goin information. The speed, or rest of the world, giving you transfer rate, of a modem is access to almost unlimited in- measured in bits per second formation. But many PC users On line (BPS), also called "baud." A bit are intimidated by on -line is the smallest unit of informa- communications. While they tion in a computer; eight bits may be aware of the benefits form one character of text, or of connecting with on -line ser- a "byte." The more bits a vices and bulletin board sys- modem can transfer per sec- tems (BBS's), they're over- ond, the faster it is. whelmed by the many com- Common data rates in- plex procedures and con- clude 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, fusing terms that stand in their 9600, and 14,400, baud. way. This article blazes the trail Thanks to modems with on- to successful on -line experi- the -fly data compression, ences to help even the PC speeds as high as 57,600 neophyte. Before we begin baud are now becoming our explorations of cyber- vogue. space, however, let's look at Of course, faster modems some of the gear you'll need cost more than slower ones. for your on -line travels. However, when communicating on -line, the faster the Modem Basics. The idea modem, the less time it takes behind on -line communica- to move information, and the tions is simple. You link your less a call costs if long -dis- computer to another over a tance or connect -time telephone line, then send charges are involved. How- and receive data. How- ever, some on -line services ever, there are a few things charge more for higher speed you need to "go online." Be- service. You have to balance sides the computer itself, you the higher charges for high- need a communications pro- speed service against the gram, and a modulator /de- with your PC phone -bill savings. It usually modulator, commonly known works out that 2400 BPS is as a "modem." The modem is Here's the lowdown on successfully cheapest for routine commu- the linking device that allows nications, but 9600 BPS or fast- the transfer of data between entering a new "online cyberworld" er is best if you transfer files. For your computer and other with your PC. file transfers a 2400 -BPS computers, such as those op- modem is barely adequate, erated by on -line services and while a 300 -BPS or 1200 -BPS BBS's. BY KARL T. THURBER, JR. modem is only good for occa- Of course, you must also sional BBS use at best. have a telephone line that you can signals and sends them along the The world is moving to higher and connect to your computer's modem. phone line. A receiving modem higher BPS rates. Modems cost from You can use your regular home or of- changes the analog signals back into about $25 (for a now -obsolete 300 - fice phone line, but when you're on- digital form for the receiving comput- BPS unit) to several thousand dollars line, you won't be able to make or er. The word "modem" comes from (for multi -line network units). A 2400 - receive regular calls. If you're going to the MOdulation of digital signals into BPS model can be bought for about spend a great deal of time on -line, analog form and the DEModulation of $50; 14,400 -BPS modems start at you may want to have another phone analog signals back into digital form. around $125, but are rapidly falling in line installed just for your PC commu- pace. nications, but by no means is that a Speed. Modems come in a variety of You should buy the fastest modem must. configurations. Most have features you can afford. While modem stan- Computers work by processing dig- such as automatic dialing (autodial) dards are quite technical, suffice it to ital information. Telephone lines, and autoanswer; automatic redial of say that you should at least opt for a where on -line communication takes busy numbers; and a built -in, stan- 14,400 BPS modem that complies with place, transfer information in an ana- dardized command -language set for basic V22 bis and V32 bis data com- log form. When a computer sends in- more sophisticated and automated munications protocols plus V42 error - formation, its modem converts the operation. correction and V42 bis data compres- computer's digital signals into analog Modems come in different sion standards. 37

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com FAX/Modems. You should purchase card for the desired COM and IRQ a data /FAX modem if you are plan- settings. ning to communicate with any of the world's estimated 30- million FAX ma- Software. As mentioned, you need chines. Ordinary data modems can- communications software to go or- not connect to FAX machines, but a line. The software provides the instruc- FAX/modem can readily do so. tions your computer needs to be- The FAX /modem should have at come an on -line "terminal" and least 9,600 bits -per- second (BPS) FAX intelligently control and communi- send /receive capability. Modern cate through the modem. The soft- 14,400 BPS FAX /modems are in- ware also lets you read, store, and creasingly affordable and usually manage incoming data. Older soft- make good long -term investments. ware forced you to memorize and Transmitting FAX'S created on a PC is create arcane commands to do a time -saver, but if you will be receiv- even simple tasks. Modern communi- ing lots of FAX's, as opposed to send- cations software uses pull -down ing them, consider opting for a menus, some other simplified com- standalone FAX machine. Why? If you mand structure, or a graphical user use your PC as a FAX machine, it must interface (GUI). The program trans- be turned on and configured for FAX lates your request into the appropri- reception -even when you are work- ate modem commands for you. ing on other projects-and you just The Practical Peripherals' To access an on -line communica- might not want to keep your PC run- PM14400FXSA is a .State -of the -art tions service you must usually buy a ning 24 hours a day. external modem for 14,400 BPS data startup kit. Such kits often include pro- and send /receive FAX transmission. The prietary, service- specific communica- Internal or External. There are two 12- character LCD display and the ten tions software packages, although basic types of modems: internal and LED status lights make it easy to with some services, like CompuServe, determine what the modem is doing at external. An internal modem is on a you also can also use general -pur- any given instant. plug -in card you install in your PC. An pose communications software. external modem is a self- contained device that plugs into one of the com- Parameters and Protocols. Before puter's serial ports via a cable. you can call another computer, you Each type has advantages and dis- must first tell your communications advantages. Internal modems cost software what protocols and para- less than external modems since they meters to use. They constitute the don't need a separate power supply. ground rules between computers, However, an internal modem is hard- and control such factors as transmis- er to install than an external modem sion speed and the size of each infor- since you have to open up your com- mation "packet." Your parameters puter and manually plug it into an must match those of the computer to available slot. You will also have to set which you're connecting. jumpers, or perform a software setup, The most important initial commu- "Ma, 1 shrank the modem" might apply to specify the COM port and IRQ it will nications parameters are transmission to this tiny, 4.2 -ounce Practical use. rate, parity, data -word size, and the Peripherals' PMI4400FX PKT pocket External modems are easier to in- number We modem, with 14,400 BPS data and send/ of stop bits. won't go into stall and are readily transferable to receive FAX capability. You can pop the all that here, but for communicating other machines, but you'll need a ca- bantam package into your briefcase for with BBS's, the most common settings ble, a power cord, and a free serial use in the office, at home, or on the are 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit, port on your computer. External mod- road. sometimes seen written as "8 -N -1." ems also include lights that let you The most common terminal emula- monitor modem status and diagnose For internal modems, the most diffi- tion setting for BBS's is ANSI BBS, and on -line problems. Since external cult task is picking the right COM port one of the most common file transfer modems are located outside the and IRQ (interrupt request line) to use. protocols is ZMODEM. computer, they do not take up one of That is nescessary because conflicts If your modem does not respond to the valuable adapter -card "slots." between devices can arise if Iwo pe- commands sent from your communi- Hooking up a modem is easy. If you ripherals or internal cards try to use cations program, or if you connect to have an external modem, you just the same COM port or IRQ. If, for ex- a remote system and see an odd as- connect it to an unused communica- ample, you have c mouse attached sortment of characters and symbols, tions (COM) port at the rear of your PC to COM1 on your computer, you'll the most likely culprit is a parameter with a modern cable. If you use an have to pick a different COM port for mismatch. Don't panic just change internal modem, you snap it into an your modem. The modem manual the parameters, experimenting as 38 unused card slot inside your machine. should explain how to configure the necessary.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Now that we've gotten the ground work out of the way, it's time to go online.

What Are BBS's? BBS's are places you visit electronically using your PC and a modem as a vehicle. They make good starting points for your online adventure, especially since (after providing some basic information about yourself) you can usually use them the first time you call. Commer- cial services, on the other hand, usually require you to become a dues - paying subscriber to sample the services offered. Most of the 40,000 -plus public BBS's in the country (nobody knows just how many there really are, especially if you factor in countless private BBS's) are locally oriented or dedicated to a single theme or hobby. However, many An internal modern is on a plug -in card that you install inside your PC as you would provide connections to broad -based any other card. Internal modems cost less than external modems since they don't need networks. Most BBS's are free, while a separate power supply, and thus are favored by man PC users. Shown here is certain large, multiuser boards Practical Peripherals' PMI4400FX internal half card mot /em with /4,400 BPS data charge a nominal fee to $10 an hour and .tend/receive FAX capability. or more. Presently there are over 10 million BBS users, but that number may "forums" where people can ex- Many BBS's have special "doors" grow to 40 million or more by the end change ideas on specific topics of that you can enter. They allow you to of the decade. interest. Most BBS's also offer free E- run a program through the BBS. One BBS's also differ from on -line com- mail services, where messages can door might take you into a chess munications services in that they usu- be directed to specific recipients game where you can play against ally serve a particular user niche, and rather than just being posted for all to other people; another might take you they tend to be more interactive and read. While large collections of pro- into a fantasy or science -fiction informal. Since users don't usually grams and files for downloading are game. Yet another door might even have to worry about connect -time useful, without user -to -user communi- let you run an application like a word - charges, they feel free to stay on -line cations, a BBS is just a large file library. processor, spreadsheet, or off -line longer and explore the system fully. If you have read a few messages, mail reader. Most BBS's are "linear BBS's": their you may wonder how people keep functions are organized hier- track of the many different subjects Calling a BBS. When you first call a archically. In them, the BBS main they want to discuss. A forum or "con- BBS, you must register as a new user or menu is the starting point for most BBS ference" is like a room where con- visitor. That usually requires nothing functions. Another type of BBS is the versation is devoted to a specific more than providing your complete "room BBS," which has a "lobby" as an subject. Conferences provide valu- name, a password, your phone entry point, and hallways and other able information on a variety of sub- number, and location. Doing so gives areas (or "rooms") leading from the jects that may be useful in a hobby, a you access by creating a user ac- lobby. You can go from room to room, job, or just for debate and exposure to count under your name. Usually you sending and receiving messages, new ideas. can use a BBS the first time you sign and performing most BBS functions One of the most useful features of onto it, although file access may be from whatever room you're in. BBS's is their file libraries. These are col- restricted until the BBS SYSOP (system lections of programs, data, images, operator) verifies your registration. What BBS's Otter. Bulletin boards utilities, and other files you can down- Once you have logged onto a BBS, are electronic gathering spots that load (transfer) to your own computer you have to figure out how to find your can offer hundreds of different func- for your personal use. way around. There are many different tions. But the primary or "core" func- Thousands of free, open- access types of BBS software. However, most tions of a BBS are handing messages, BBS's allow you to download software have common features, even if the E -mail, conferences, file libraries, posted on their boards; most pro- commands you use are slightly dif- games, and "doors." grams are free. While much BBS soft- ferent from system to system. If navi- People communicating with each ware is a "mixed bag" of sometimes gating a BBS seems confusing, you're other lies at the heart of any BBS, es- useful, sometimes not, public- domain not alone. BBS's are managed by their pecially when the BBS organizes its material, most boards also post good SYSOPS. They keep their BBS's in good message areas into separate user shareware software for downloading. shape, help you get answers to your 39

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com On -line Services

On -line communication lets your per- There are over 150 information and main software programs, plus the ex- sonal computer keep in touch with the communications services to be found cellent PC Magazine utilities, forums, rest of the world. If the idea of having on Delphi. Its "Custom Forums" let you product reviews and recommendations, almost limitless information at your fin- host forums and effectively run your own databases of computer publications, gertips intrigues you. take a look at this network. Two billing options are offered. and more. sample of what commercial on -line ser- Contact Delphi /General Videotex Corp. You can access the service through vices are available: (1030 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, CompuServe or go on -line directly with America On -line (Suite 200, 8619 MA 02138; Tel. 800 -695 -4005, On-line: ZiffNet if you're not a CompuServe Westwood Center Drive, Vienna, VA 800- 695 -4002) for more information. member. Additional information on 22182: fei. 800 -827 -6364), with more GEnie (401 N. Washington St., Rock- ZiffNet is available through the Com- than 450,000 members. is a popular ville, MD 20849 -6403: Tel. 800- puServe telephone numbers given ear- and rapidly expanding online -commu- 638 -9636, On -line: 800 -638 -8369) is lier or presented each month in PC nications service that has begun to known for the variety and sophistication Magazine. Membership in ZiffNet challenge CompuServe in many areas, of its multi -player games, and it also ($2.50 per month) is separate from especially with its superb messaging boasts E -mail, a software library of more CompuServe, but can appear on your features and its attractive graphical than 150,000 files, and dozens of spe- CompuServe bill. user interface (GUI). It has also chal- cial- interest forums and bulletin boards, Saving what may be the very best lenged Prodigy by slashing rates and known as GEnie RoundTables. It has (and also the most complex) for last, increasing the free hours included with 400,000 users. Basic membership is Internet is a loosely -spun, worldwide your $9.95 monthly fee. There's limited $8.95 per month, with a low hourly rate web linking more than 14,000 computer access to Internet, including E -mail. of $3 during non -prime time (5 non - networks in over 50 countries, from Best of all, new services are added al- prime hours are included free each giant mainframes to desktop PC's. It's a most daily. month). There is support for a variety of cooperative effort between government CompuServe (P.O. Box 20212. Co- hardware platforms in addition to the agencies, educational institutions, and lumbus, OH 43220 -0212; Tel. IBM PC. various commercial and nonprofit or- 800 -848 -8199 or 800 -848- 8990), an Prodigy (P.O. Box 4064, Woburn, MA ganizations. With more than 10- million over 1.5- million member utility, has a 01888 -9961; Tel. 800 -822 -6922) claims users, it's the fastest -growing on -line re- wide variety of services and databases, more than 2 million users, more than any source. In fact, some parts of Internet which makes it a first choice among other on -line service. It offers many con- are growing 5 -to -10 percent or more a many businessmen, researchers, PC sumer- oriented options and graphical month; by the end of the decade there power users, and professionals. The screens that are notably easy for com- could be well over 100 million users. service traces its roots to 1968 when, puter beginners to navigate. The ser- Designed originally for research and known as Compu -Serv, it was a comput- vice has E -mail only access to Internet, technical use, it's not very user -friendly. er processing center for an insurance but it allows access to ZiffNet (more on But that's changing as more casual company. Today it provides access to that later). Their basic "core" mem- users seek convenient access. You may electronic mail, travel services, financial bership costs $14.95 per month; some be able to hook up through work or information, shareware and public -do- Prodigy services cost extra. school, on -line communications utility main software libraries, shopping, and The WELL (27 Gate Five Rd., Sau- services, some BBS's, and Internet ac- much more. CompuServe has over 350 salito, CA 94965; Tel. 415 -332 -4335, cess providers that hook you up for a on -line forums, including many offered On -line: 415- 332 -6106)- meaning the fee. by PC hardware and software vendors. "Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link " -is an in- There's no directory of everything on Several membership plans are avail- dependent utility that's basically a corn- Internet, but some of the countless able, and free startup memberships are puter-conferencing system. It features things you can access include E -mail; bundled in many software packages. more than 200 BBS -style conferences government documents, library cata- One popular option is $8.95 per month for lively discussion. Other prominent logs, and databases; White House for unlimited access to 50 basic ser- features are E -mail, real -time con- press releases; weather maps and fore- vices. versations, and on -line files. There are casts; professional sports schedules; Delphi offers a low -cost connection to no on -line games but considerable In- ZIP codes; and much, much more. Internet, plus the usual functions of a ternet access is offered. You can reach Many of the on -line communications major on -line communications utility. the WELL directly (long- distance, like a utility services have Internet forums The 100,000- member Delphi claims it is BBS), or through the CompuServe where you can "get smart" on Internet the only major utility that offers full -fea- Packet Network (CPN) for a small sur- before actually trying it. tured access to Internet, including charge. For more information and a list of In- Telnet for host -to -host connections, FTP ZiffNet is a specialized service for PC ternet access providers, check with In- (file transfers), Usenet news and dis- buyers and users. It brings together terNIC Information Services (P.O. Box cussion groups, and Internet Relay thousands of IBM PC and Macintosh 85608, San Diego, CA 92186 -9784; Tel. Chat (IRC). freeware, shareware, and public -do- 800 -444 -4345). questions, and manage the flow of for new callers and regular users alike. ing with its SYSOP who controls your messages and files. Take the time to read the bulletins on access to the system. When you log onto a BBS, you a BBS to learn its policies and other should learn its rules, On most BBS's the special information, preferably the Vendor Sponsored BBS's. Many most important rules may be shown to first time you sign on. Some SYSOP'S hardware and software vendors have you when you call for the first time, or post lists of frequently asked questions established 24 -hour, dedicated multi - they may be passed on if the SYSOP (FAQ's) from those that new users typ- user BBS's to support their products calls you to verify your account. ically inquire about; you should al- and exchange information. Their On most systems, you can read the ways read them before asking the boards typically offer much the same bulletins to learn the rules; BBS SYSOP's SYSOP questions. Familiarity with the information as the support forums on use the bulletins to place information system helps keep you in good stand- CompuServe and other on -line util-

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ities, although the BBS's vendor have 10/31¡93 WInCIM - ZiffNet Edition 13:09I.reI more of a "company store" atmo- File Edit Services Mail Special Window (Help sphere. Most support BBS's are configured similarly to hobbyist boards. Like the ZittNet Services on -line communications services, ell Favorite Places aril vendor-sponsored BBS's afford users INET. Ziff Today on ZilNet ko the opportunity to read the questions Today an ZiiNet Billing Info /Charges (FREE) I Central l'oint Soltware Forum and answers of other product users, Change Password /FREE] .1311 and they also offer libraries tech- Change Your Profile (FREE/ of Check. Current Rates /FREE) hange nical notes and problem solutions. al Magazines Softening Computer CIM Support Forum [FREE] Cobb Apps Forum Delete You may be required to be a regis- Cobb Pug Journal Forum o Closet tered user of the company's products CompuServe Help Forum (FREE) IQ Buying Advice Buyers' Market 1ech::up to use a company sponsored BBS, but they are almost always free. k,2 Go... Databases ( xecs llnlene SOS Online Services. Most of the major on -line services offer a variety of fea- ITZ OK Cancel I tures, such as news, weather, and ZiHNeI Support ZrllNet/Mac CompuServe sports; sophisticated E -mail capabilities; on -line shopping; travel arrangements; bulletin boards, forums, and roundtables on many interests; Once intimidating and difficult to use with general - purpose communications software, multiplayer games; on -line chaffing; the proprietary WinCIM software makes using CompuServe under Windows a snap. investment advice; educational ser- CompuServe itself has over 350 forums and massive libraries of shareware and vices; information and reference freeware software. databases; extensive files for downloading, and much more. Popular ser- against real people, instead of play- New on -line users receive an ac- vices include Prodigy, CompuServe, ing against a computer. count- identification number and a America On -line, and GEnie, among When it's time to do business, your password, which will allow them to others (see the boxed text entitled on -line service again comes into play. continue to access the service. "On -Line Services"). Many people are buying and selling Now that you're hooked up to a Probably the most popular features stocks, shopping, and obtaining air- service of your choosing, an incredi- of on -line services are the forums that line tickets on -line, among many ble world of information awaits you. allow users to talk with each other via other business- and household -re- After that initial on -line enlightenment electronic messages. You can take a lated tasks. you probably won't be able to get look at what messages are there, or enough of on -line information, and you can jump into the discussions with Getting Online. Once you have the you'll likely feel like the entire world is your own messages. Forums also al- equipment and software set up, all only as far away as the click of your low members to communicate di- you need is a telephone access PC's mouse. rectly with many if not most computer number. The access number, which manufacturers and software pub- the on -line service provides you, ties E -Mail. E -mail, as the nickname im- lishers for the latest information, ad- you into a local or long distance plies, is electronic mail. It's the timely vice, and fixes for their products. "packet- switching network" that lets transmission of communications and Many turn to on -line services for you call the on -line service. correspondence such as letters, daily news. The services offer current If you must make a long-distance memos, graphics, and spreadsheets stories on the latest issues, organized call, you'll be paying long-distance from computer to computer over an into topical sections. You can look at phone rates on top of any subscrip- interconnecting network. It's like the the news in the order you want, avoid- tion charges, although most major mail that goes through the U.S. Postal ing stories that don't interest you. on -line services give you access Service, but it offers several advan- Education is a major goal of most through a local data line. Usually the tages over regular mail. services. Some offer an on -line ency- local- number access is free, but E -mail is fast and inexpensive. Not clopedia and other research features sometimes there are "communica- only can you send simple messages, to aid schoolwork. On -line information tions surcharges" for using it. but you can attach files to them, get sources, unlike printed sources, don't There are various subscription rates receipt acknowledgment, and send go out of date because they are con- and rate plans for on -line services. On copies of your messages to other ad- stantly revised. many services you are billed for the dressees, all at the push of a button or Games are popular on the on -line amount of time you spend on -line, a mouse click. It's estimated that there services. Many users find on -line rounded to the nearest minute or sec- are over 40- million E -mail users games more enjoyable than tradi- ond. Other services charge a flat globally. tional computer games because, monthly rate, with certain "high -cost To use E -mail, you must be elec- when you play on -line, you compete usage" areas being billed separately. tronically accessible to others-you 41

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com handles MCI, CompuServe, and other on -line services as well as local area networks. It's a powerful application that integrates disparate E -mail sys- Files You've Downloaded tems using a single universal interface. The Windows -based program Libra Subject Date offers template -based automation of Top Software Downloa PCMAG. WinBench 3.11 Windows Benc Oct 30, 1993 sorting and scheduling your mail, in- telligent routing, and simplified addressing. The $99.95 package is from Connect Software (6742 185th Ave., a:Automatically decompress files at sign -ott N.E., Suite 150, Redmond, WA 98052; 0 Delete ZIP and ARC files after decompression Tel. 800 -234 -9497). ® Confirm additions to my download list Last, you can directly communicate through Internet. Navigating Internet IE Retain information about my last 20 downloads Viw directly is challenging for most individ- oesaq'ion ual users. Few current software programs give you a slick interface to Internet, the kind of interface you'd expect from the major on -line communications services. However, if the volume of E -mail you send and re- America On -line, with more than 450,000 members, is a popular and rapidly expanding on -line communications utility service that challenges CompuServe in many ceive is large, then using Internet di- areas, especially with its superb messaging features, attractive graphical user interface rectly may make both economic and (GUI), and ease of downloading. practical sense for you.

must have an E -mail address. That is a Third, you can subscribe to a com- The Future of E -mail. There are set of commands used to route a mercial E -mail provider. The major E- many bugs and wrinkles to be worked message through gateways until it mail providers are connected out; E -mail is in the state where FAX's reaches its recipient. Each electronic through Internet gateways to provide were about five years ago. You may service offering E -mail has its own for- global public messaging. Thus they have guessed that sending and re- mat for E -mail addresses. E -mail can compete directly with on -line services ceiving messages and data via a be sent from users on one service to for E -mail customers. Most of those wireless, cellular modem anywhere, users on another. providers use a simple in -box and out - anytime to any of the world's estimat- box concept for managing mail. ed 40- million plus "mobile workers" is Using E -Mail. There are several ways Each E -mail provider has a sign -up one of the ultimate goals of most E- you can go on -line with E -mail. Each fee, plus monthly or yearly usage fees. mail systems. has its advantages and disadvan- Some offer a rich set of messaging Going beyond E -mail, conducting tages. For one, you can send your E- services and tools such as store -and- all types of business electronically- mail through a BBS. This is the simplest forward mail, FAX storage, E -mail to electronic data interchange (EDI -is method; all you need do is to establish FAX conversion, paper delivery, let- the real wave of the future. The con- an account on your favorite BBS. terheads and signatures, return re- cept includes efficient and cost - Once you are an authorized user, you ceipts, and text -to- speech con- effective computer -to- computer can E -mail other members of the lo- version. Most offer proprietary E -mail communications for the exchange of cal system as well as users on any management software, like the $35 a variety of business transactiors. E- other BBS's that are linked through a MCI Mail Express for PC's, that lets you mail, with its ease, economy, and "free access" communications net- manage your business correspon- effectiveness, fits in well alongside work to your "home" BBS. For many dence and ensure worldwide deliv- other EDI related partners such as FAX, computer users, that is satisfactory for ery from your keyboard. telex, and radio paging. occasional personal communica- Communications software for E- tions, but the business- oriented E -mail mail providers is available from them, Books. The America On -line Mem- potential of most BBS's is limited. or you can use custom packages that bership Kt & Tour Guide is a com- For another, you can join an on -line provide an enhanced mail interface. prehensive, "official" 400 -page guide communications utility service. If One such Windows -based interface is to using AOL. The $34.95 package in- you're a member of an on -line service The Wire, a robust mail -based "com- cludes the proprietary AOL software. like Prodigy, CompuServe, America munications bridge" that lets you The Guide escorts members On -line, or GEnie, you already have E- route messages by MCI Mail, telex, through the service, including E -mail, mail services. Almost all of the major FAX, U.S. mail, and more using a stan- interactive forums, software, comput- on -line services offer E -mail, and most dard model; its from Swfte Interna- ing support, on -line classes, news, offer an Internet gateway to allow you tional, Ltd. (PO. Box 219, Rockland, DE stock quotes, and other attractions. to send E -mail to subscribers of the 19732; Tel. 800 -237 -9383). The book is especially useful to the 42 other services. The E -Mail Connection software new user since AOL doesn't publish a

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com paper-based users guide, but instead and file transfers. The 350 -page book equipped PC. A one -year subscrip- relies on extensive on- screen help is $24.95 from Ventana Press. Com- tion is $36 from Boardwatch Maga- and a small, welcome guide. panion books for other platforms, The zine (8500 W. Bowles Ave., Suite 210, The DOS edition is by Tom Lichty and Windows Internet Tour Guide and The Littleton, CO 80123; Tel. 800- Kathy Parks; Macintosh and Windows MAC Internet Tour Guide are also 933- 6038). editions also are available. The Tour available. Computer Shopper is a physically Guide is series available at most retail The Whole Internet User's Guide and massive monthly publication aimed booksellers, or contact Ventana Press Catalog, written by Ed Krol, is a best- at direct PC buyers. Primary coverage (PO. Box 2468, Chapel Hill, NC 2755; selling, comprehensive guide to Inter- is of PC hardware, equipment, soft- Tel. 919 -942 -0220). net's vast resources. The book pays ware, and technology. But attention is Dvorak's Guide to PC Telecom- special attention to new tools for also paid to on -line topics, including munications is a massive reference in helping you find information, whether BBS's, on -line services, and user its 2nd edition, by John C. Dvorak and you are a student, a researcher, or just groups. The magazine also publishes Nick Anis. It presents users with under- someone who likes the benefits of E- monthly BBS listings. Subscriptions are standable information on modems, mail. Included in the 400 -page book $29.97 a year from Ziff -Davis Publish- how they work, and how to use them. is a handy pull -out reference card. It's ing Co. (One Park Avenue, New York, The authors include detailed informa- $24.95 from O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. NY 10016; Tel. 800 -274 -6384). tion on the major E -mail systems and (103 Morris St., Suite A Sebastopol, CA Referring to itself as "the modem on -line services, as well as many BBS's. 95472; Tel. 800 -998 -9938). A free cata- user's resource," Connect spans a va- They also cover the major commer- log, in a magazine -like format, also is riety of on -line topics. They include cial and shareware communications available. communicating through BBS's and In- packages. Included is a 3.5 -inch disk Using Computer Bulletin Boards ternet, on -line shopping, book re- packed with communications and (2nd edition), by John Hedtke, intro- views, and more. There are individual utility software. The 1128 -page book/ duces novices to BBS's and basic tele- columns for several of the major on- disk combo is $39.95. Ifs available in communications, and it helps more line services, including America On- most bookstores, from or Osborne/ advanced users to more effectively line, CompuServe, Delphi, and GEnie, McGraw -Hill (2600 Tenth St., Berkeley, use BBS's. The book covers basic com- plus the Macintosh computer. Sub- CA 94710; Tel. 800 -227 -0900). munications concepts, required scriptions cost $18 for 1 year (six issues). Get On -Line! The Communications equipment, telephone networks, on- Details are available from Pegasus Software Companion, by Lamont line services, setting up a BBS, and Press (3487 Braeburn Circle, Ann Ar- Wood explains how modems work more. Hedtke's book introduces you to bor, MI 48108; Tel. 313 -973 -8825). with software by demonstrating pop- a variety of popular BBS systems and Having trouble setting up and using ular communications programs; users on -line services, and it includes a disk your modem? The On -line Access of these programs can easily work with the Qmodem Test-Drive commu- periodical is "the magazine that through the basic procedures. Spe- nications package. The 422 -page makes modems work." Ifs published cial focus is on problems newcomers book/disk combo is $29.95. It's from eight times a year; domestic subscrip- face. These include hooking up with Henry Holt and Company Inc. /MIS tions are $19.80 a year. Typical areas remote computers; computing when Press (115 West 18th St., New York, NY covered include on -line finance and traveling, especially using E -mail on- 10011; Tel. 800 -488 -5233). investing, telecommuting, Internet the -road; using text scrolled into a access, researching by modem, and capture file with a wordprocessor; Magazines. The BBS Magazine is even on-line religious resources. For working with compressed files; and mostly for BBS and on -line- service SYS- more information, contact On -line communications while multitasking OP'S, but serious BBS users will find Access, Chicago Fine Print, Inc. (920 N. under Windows. Wood's soffcover is much of interest here. Topics covered Franklin, Suite 203, Chicago, IL 336 pages and is published by John include setting up a BBS, BBS software, 60610 -9588; Tel. 312 -573 -1700). Wiley & Sons, Inc. (605 Third Ave., New E -mail, Internet access, and more. The Now you know what it takes to go York, NY 10158 -0012; Tel. 800- magazine also operates The Livewire on -line, what awaits you there, and 225-5945). Ifs $24.95. BBS at (609) 235 -5297. Subscriptions where the rosy future of on -line corn - On Internet, there's a hard way and are $30 per year from BBS Magazine munications is headed. If you're hesi- an easy way to do almost anything. (701 Stokes Rd., Medford, NJ 08055; tant to use a BBS, E -mail, or an on-line The PC Internet Tour Guide makes Tel. 800-822 -0437). service because you think your com- things easier by helping the beginner Since 1987, Boardwatch Magazine puter skills are insufficient, don't be navigate through a murky maze of has been a leading monthly commu- concerned. It only takes a short time obscure UNIX commands and fre- nications publication covering BBS's to become a knowledgeable on -line quent error messages. The book and on -line services. Each issue has user. It's also great fun. comes with everything you need to information on hundreds of BBS sys- So hook up your modem, install the work the Internet with point -and -click tems, shareware software, Internet, in- communications software, and get convenience, including step -by -step formation databases, telephone - started. There's a new world wailing instructions and a road map to the system technology, hardware and for you. The only way to find out how network. Also included is a diskette of software reviews, profiles of industry enjoyable that world can be is to go software, including Minuet, a pack- players, and tips on how to get the on -line. But your phone line may in- age featuring E -mail, news reading, most value from your modem- deed be busy forevermore. 43

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com From time to time, articles on of U1, to be fed through R18, C18, and SCA communications have ap- R19 to the base of Q3 (the output am- peared in hobby -electronics plifier). An for SCA is de- Build Power the Adapter periodicals. The articles range in emphasis from circuit experiments and rived from the circuit consisting of T1, construction projects to rather sensa- BR1, U2, and their support compo- tional sounding descriptions of secret nents. T1 can either be a standard or mysterious signals not accessible to power transformer as specified in the the general public. Actually, there is Parts List or a wall -plug type with an OUTPUT nothing really that mysterious about SCA appropriate AC output. SCA, which stands for Subsidiary Com- 4 L munications Authorization. Hl LOCK Assembly. The SCA Adapter was as- The technical basis for SCA is the sembled on a small printed- circuit FM -on -FM data -transmission tech- board measuring about 43/16 by 21Y16 inches. A full -size template of the cir- nique developed by range- instru- R mentation engineers back in the cuit -board layout is shown in Fig. 2. 1950's. Shortly afterward, the FCC au- Once you have etched your own thorized its use by FM stations to ex- printed- circuit board and gathered pand their services. FM stations all of the required parts, construction broadcasting SCA programs frequen- can begin. cy- modulate their main carrier (88 to Note that all components are read- 108 MHz) with one or both of the com- SCA ily available and none are critical to monly used subcarrier frequencies of proper operation of the circuit with 67 and 90 kHz. Those subcarrier fre- the possible exception of C7. Al- quencies are, in turn, modulated with though a polystyrene capacitor is rec- program material. In order to prevent Adapter ommended for C7, a polyester unit interference with the main program, can be substituted. Since the P -Chan- both the amplitude and upper -fre- nel JFET might be hard to find, three quency limit of the SCA programs are choices for it are listed in the Parts List. held to relatively low values. Hear the hidden broadcasts Guided by the parts- placement di- Since SCA program material is not agram shown in Fig. 3, install the pas- meant for reception by the general on the FM band with this sive components first -beginning public, the FCC protects it by prohibit- easy -to -build add -on unit. with an IC socket for U1, followed by ing manufacturers from selling SCA - the resistors and capacitors (making capable receivers on the consumer sure that the polarized capacitors are market. For electronics experimenters, BY DON McCORMICK properly oriented). Normally, it would however, it is not hard to build a de- be advisable to install the jumper modulator that can be connected to (which provides carrier detection), an connections at this time, but because any FM tuner to receive these trans- FSK voltage comparator, and a pre - the jumpers will have to be snaked missions. amp. It is specifically designed for around many of the board -mounted data communications, can operate components it is recommended that About the Circuit. A schematic di- over a wide supply -voltage range they be installed just before mounting agram for the SCAAdapteris shown in (4.5 -20 volts), and can accommo- U1 in its socket. When you reach the Fig. 1. The circuit, for the most part, is date analog input signals of from 2 jumper phase of construction, leave comprised of seven active elements: mV to 3 volts. Timing capacitor C7 one end of the squelch jumper (JU1) five assorted transistors and two IC's. (connected between pins 13 and 14) disconnected; that will deactivate the The 67- or 90 -kHz subcarrier signal is and the total resistance connected squelch function, thereby avoiding picked off the FM tuner (more on that between pin 12 and ground deter- confusing behavior during the circuit's later) as the input to the circuit. Aller mine the circuits lock or center fre- checkout routine. passing through a parallel -T network, quency. Switch S1 allows the user to In any event, once the passive the signal is applied to the input of a select either 67 -kHz (Lo) or 90 -kHz (HI) components have been installed, in- Iwo-stage amplifier comprised of Q1 SCA reception. stall the active components, starting and 02. That amplifier boosts the sig- The voltage at pin 6 is held at zero with the diodes followed by the tran- nal's strength by about 20 dB before it when the input signal is either off-fre- sistors and U2. Do not install U1 in its is applied to the input of U1 (an quency or missing. When locked, pull - socket yet; it will not be installed until XR2211CP FSK demodulator /tone de- up resistor R16 causes pin 6 to go high the checkout phase of the con- coder) at pin 2. That chip contains a (rising to about 7 volts), causing 05 to struction. If desired, LEDI can be tem- phase -locked loop or PLL (which in its turn on and LEDI to light. porarily mounted directly to the most basic form is comprised of a That high also causes squelch tran- board to facilitate the checkout. phase comparator, low-pass filter, sistor 04 (a 2N3820 P- channel JFET) to and a voltage- controlled oscillator or turn off. That allows the twice- demod- Checkout. The circuit must be 44 VCO), a quadrature phase detector ulated signal, which is output at pin 11 checked out and aligned before it is

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com R11 R16 R27 -i +18V 5600 +9V 18K 470K D4 +15V 1N4739 C9 + C11 R7 ,.._r D3 10 100 1K A 1N4739 2N3904 1K'R9 R26 C12 LEDI C7 3300 01 .001 R2 R3 MPF102 C8 AUDIO 220K 220K 02 - 47pF R25 $ OUT 2N3906 2 1K S C2 C4 J3 J4 C3 R17 47pF 82pF C13 t RIGHT LEFT Cl 47pF 27K I 82pF 04 01 101:104K 2N3820 1N914 -V1A- --F -- R6 R8 C6 10K 1 R12 R18 1K # R1 100K JU1( R24 R5 2N2222 470K. 7 D2 t C5 R10 C14 50K = 1N914 1000 }. I270pF 470K .001 1) C16 J1 10 S1 INPUT C19 C15 C18 R19 R22 470pF LOW .02 47 6.8K 680K PL1 J2 HI +18V R23 SOURCE 10K R14 R15 R20 R21 10K 10K o 1MEG 100K -47 PL2' +15V SOURCE Ti ' C17 + *SEE TEXT 1

Fig. I. This SCA adapter is built around an XR22JJ FSK demodulator, some transistors, and a handful of support components.

cuit, install the jumpers, and install U1 in its socket.

Set -Up and Use. The best way to align the board is with a signal generator that can cover the range from 50 to 100 kHz. With S1 set to the Lo position, feed a low -level 67 -kHz signal into the input and adjust R14 until LEDI lights. Continue adjusting R14 to find the poin'1 where the LED goes off and trim the adjustment to midway between

the on and off points. Set S1 to the HI position, feed a 90 -kHz signal to the input. and repeat the operation, this time adjusting R15. In selecting a tuner or receiver you have two options. First, you can be brave and resourceful and use your 4 3/16 INCHES favorite equipment. If that is too much excitement in your life, you can go Fig. 2. Although not strictly needed, this foil pattern allows for neat and easy looking for an old clunker tuner or construction. It is shown here full size. pull -out car radio at garage sales, etc., keeping in mind that, while it can permanently connected to an FM re- Power up the circuit and check the be either stereo or mono, it must work ceiver or mounted in an enclosure. + 18- and + 15 -volt DC voltages. Also, properly as an FM tuner, It should also Once the circuit has been assembled the voltage at pin 1 of the IC socket have reasonably good RF and IF lin- and you have double- checked your should measure between + 8 and earity to avoid cross -talk leakage be- work, set each of the trim potentiome- + 9 volts DC. If the DC supply voltages tween the main program and the SCA ters at the midpoint of its rotation. okay, are remove power from the dr- output. Modern PLL /digitally tuned re- 45

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PARTS LIST FOR THE SCA ADAPTER

SEMICONDUCTORS R4, R12, R18, R21-100,000-ohm C11- 100 -µF, 16 -WVDC, electrolytic UI- XR2211CP FSK demodulator, R5-100-ohm C14- .001 µF, Mylar integrated circuit (Exar) R6, R13, R23-10,000-ohm CIS- .02 -µF, Mylar U2 -7815 15 -volt voltage regulator, R7R9, R25-1000-ohm C17-1 µF, 16 -WVDC, electrolytic integrated circuit R11-560-ohm, 1/2-watt C18- 0.47 -µF, Mylar QI- MPFI02 N- channel JFET R14-10,000-ohm, potentiometer C19- 470 -pF, ceramic -disc transistor R15-25,000-ohm, potentiometer C20- 2200 -µF, 25 -WVDC, Q2- 2N3906 PNP transistor R16-18,000-ohm electrolytic Q3-2N222 NPN transistor R17-27,000-ohm Q4 J176, 2N3820, or NTE -326 P- R19-6,800-ohm channel JFET transistor R20-1-megohm ADDITIONAL PARTS AND Q5- 2N3904 NPN transistor R22-680,000-ohm MATERIALS D1, D2 R24-50,000-ohm, potentiometer -IN914 silicon diode T1 -12 -15 -volt, 100- 300 -mA power D3, D4- 1N4739 9 -volt Zener diode R26-330-ohm transformer (Radio Shack 273 -1385 LEDI light- emitting diode -red CAPACITORS or equivalent), see text BRI -1.5 -amp, 100 -PIV bridge CI, C4- 82 -pF, ceramic -disc SI -SPST switch (Radio Shack 276 -1152 or rectifier C2, C3, C8-47-pF, ceramic -disc JI, J3, J4 -phono jack equivalent) C5- 270 -pF, ceramic -disc J2- coaxial power jack RESISTORS C6 -1 -µF, tantalum PLI-coaxial power plug (All fixed resistors are %a -watt, 5% C7- .001 -µF, polystyrene PL2 -AC power plug units unless otherwise indicated.) C9, C16- 10 -µF, 16 -WVDC, PC board; enclosure (Radio Shack RI, RIO, R27- 470,000 -ohm electrolytic 270 -238 or equivalent), see text; R2, R3- 220,000 -ohm C10, C12, CI3- 0.1 -µF, ceramic -disc solder, wire, hardware, etc.

J J LO better the reception of the main FM S1 Cr"'r program, the better the SCA recep- 'á8 HI tion. Once you've located the correct C5 -R7- I connection point, touch up the po- s -R6- R15 tentiometer settings by ear and en- D4 able the squelch circuit by con- J -R5- J4 LEFT necting jumper JU1. OUT If you were unable to pre -align your SCA circuit, the same basic hook -up procedures should be followed, but there is a lot more trial- and -error involved. Set R14 to its midpoint for start- J3 ers and try various combinatiors of RIGHT hookup points and R14 settings until OUT you find an SCA signal. C19 Now for the finished product. There are Iwo ways to go. The easiest and J2* most obvious is to house the SCA Adapter in a separate enclosure. If J1 INPUT LEDI you choose to go that route, an ap- JU1* propriate enclosure is listed in the Parts List. You will also want to use a wall -plug type transformer rather

PL2* than the one mentioned in the Parts List. Just make sure the one you select *SEE TEXT has an appropriate AC output. The other approach is to house the Fig. 3. Use this parts-placement diagram when installing parts on the PC board. Do in as not install jumper JUl until the board has been completely checked out. adapter the same enclosure the radio with which it will be used. You will ceivers seem to be best in this regard. any de-emphasis circuitry. Locate a then need to select the unit so that If you have aligned your SCA board strong station, one that you know is there is sufficient space for the board as previously described, you may use broadcasting SCA signals. Connect and T1. The adapter controls can then it as a probe to find the baseband the output of the SCA circuit to an- be added to the front-panel of the signal take -off point in the receiver. other amplifier and speaker and lis- receiver or mounted on a small piece The proper connection point is at the ten while you make trial connections of angle aluminum that is added to 46 output of the FM demodulator before to the receiver. Remember that the the top or side of the enclosure.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com How to Split a Power Supply What can you do if you need a dual supply, but only have a single- supply source? Build our splitter, of course!

BY MICHAEL A. COVINGTON

What do you do if you have a single output power supply and you need a dual one? That's a problem that often arises with op -amp circuits. Many op -amp configurations require a split supply, but most lab -type power supplies have only a single output. That means you can't use them to power op -amp circuits ... or can you? You can if you use the supply splitter circuit presented here. It neatly splits its input voltage- anywhere from 8 to 30 volts- in half to give you Iwo equal voltages of opposite polarity. The splitter connects between the existing power supply and the circuit to be powered, How it Works. The key idea is that in in this case an op -amp circuit. a dual -supply powered circuit, "ground" is midway between the and Load 2 are drawing exactly equal INPUT positive and negative supply volt- currents, then the voltage betwe'en 0 0 ages. Accordingly, all we have to do is them is already halfway between V+ - + derive a regulated voltage halfway and V- , so the regulator need not do

between , anything. If the the oi V+ and V - and we're currents drawn by done. Iwo loads are different, then either Ql Unfortunately, ordinary voltage reg- or Q2 will conduct extra current to "GROUND" ulators can't do the job. The reason is make up the difference. That way the

Q2 that they can only source current, not ground voltage stays exactly halfway sink it. However, the ground terminal in between the positive and negative a dual supply may have to either rails. source or sink current, depending on Fig Jre 2 shows the circuit. In it, R1 and which half of the load is drawing more R2 divide the input voltage in half. Op-

current at the time. amp 1.11 reproduces that voltage at the Fig. 1. Transistors QI and Q2 regulate Figure 1 shows the idea behind our "ground" output terminal by making the "ground" voltage to hold it midway special two -way voltage regulator either Ql or Q2 conduct as much as between the + and - terminal voltages. that does what's needed. If Load 1 necessary. Capacitors Cl and C2 47

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com INPUT OUTPUT stantaneous. In extensive testing, this o o 0 o o circuit gave excellent regulation + - + GND - powering not only op -amp circuits, R1 01 1 c1 but also "messy" loads such as buzzers 10K 2N3055 ) ^ 100 and flashing light bulbs. D1 2.5A 50PRV Construction. Note that although

02 + C2 this unit has separate input and out-

R2 MJ2955 put terminals for V+ and V - , the in- 10K puts and outputs are internally 1100 connected together. So, unless J1 Fig. 2. In the actual circuit, a 74/ op -amp (U1) is used as the regulator that controls was placed in series, you can build the action of Q/ and Q2 to maintain a voltage between the input voltages. the splitter with three terminals instead of five if you wish. Because there are so few components, a printed- circuit board is not necessary. Instead, the smaller corn - ponents (D1, R1, R2, and U1) can be mounted on a small piece of perfboard. Capacitors Cl and C2, on the other hand, should be placed close to the output terminals. If you use binding posts, put them exactly 3/4- inch apart so that dual banana plugs can mate with them. With regard to using a replacement for UI, the best op -amp to use is actually the cheap 741 specified. Higher - performance op -amps such as the TL081 do not improve performance.

Using it. As mentioned, you can use the splitter with fixed- or adjustable - voltage power supplies ranging from 8 to 30 volts. Make sure your power is That is, neither V+ The smaller components are mounted on perfboard while the capacitors are mounted supply isolated. directly to the binding posts. They, in turn, are mounted in holes in case just like the nor V - should be connected to the transistors. power -supply's cabinet ground or power -line ground. hold the output voltage steady when Diode D1 is present to protect the How much current can the splitter the load changes suddenly. circuit's input from reversed polarity by handle? That's a tough question. Re- blowing the fuse of the main power member that as long as Load 1 and If your power supply has no Load 2 are equal, the splitter doesn't PARTS LIST FOR THE supply. day use the do any work at all. For most op -amp POWER- SUPPLY SPLITTER fuse or you might one circuit with an un -fused supply, place circuits, that's typically the case. this can SEMICONDUCTORS D1 in series with the circuit (say, in the As a rule of thumb, splitter to- handle at least 250 mA of difference U I -LM741 operational amplifier, positive input line and pointing intergrated circuit ward R1) instead. That will afford the between the two halves of the load QI- 2N3055 silicon NPN power same protection with only slightly re- while operating with a 30 -volt input. To transistor duced regulation and voltage output. do that, either Q1 or Q2 has to dissi- Q2- MJ2955 silicon PNP power Purists may object that the turn -on pate almost 4 watts and will get quite transistor voltages of Q1 and Q2 are 1.2 volts warm. If, in practical use, you find the 50 -PIV rectifier diode Dl -2.5 -amp, apart, producing an operational transistors getting so hot that you can't ADDITIONAL PARTS AND "dead zone" that the output of UI touch them comfortably, add a heat MATERIALS must cross in order to catch up with an sink. With the specified transistors and R1, R2- 10,000 -ohm, N -watt, 5% unbalanced load. It is possible to bias an adequate heat sink, this splitter resistor Q1 and Q2 to eliminate the dead can handle several amps. Cl, 100 -p,F, 20 -WVDC, C2- zone, but that proved unnecessary in Remember that Q1 and Q2 are electrolytic capacitor practice because UI can cross the "hot" in another sense, too: the case Enclosure, binding posts, circuit After all, Cl of Q1 is connected to V+ , and Q2's to board, solder, wire, optional heat dead zone very rapidly. . let anything accidentally sinks for QI and Q2, etc. and C2 guarantee that changes in V- So don't with them. 48 the load balance won't be income into contact

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com JUNE 1994

VOLUME 10, NUMBER 6 G A CHRONICLE OF CONSUMER ELECTRONICS Get REAL

FZ -1 REAL 3D0 INTERACTIVE MULTI - PLAYER. Manufactured by Panasonic Company, One Panasonic Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094. Price: $699.95.

For the past couple of years, The 3D0 Company has been actively, and very vo- cally, hyping "the next generation of mul-

timedia . . . the 3D0 Interactive Multiplayer," a 32 -bit, CD- ROM -based device that would connect to the consumer's TV and allow the whole family to play games, learn, and be entertained, all interactively. For a behind- the -scenes look at the development of this new multimedia platform-unique both in its hardware and in its software- licensing arrangements - see the discussion entitled "Build a Better Mousetrap" that appears at the end of this article. But first we'll give you a close -up look at the first 3D0 Multiplayer to hit the market -Panasonic's FZ -I REAL 3D0 In- Expansion slots can be found on the side way directional pad; on the top right are A, teractive Multiplayer -and some of the and rear panels. On the right side is an A/V B, and c buttons. Buttons labeled x and earliest 3D0 titles to be released. expansion slot that can accommodate a PLAY /PAUSE are in the center of the control

Panasonic's REAL Multiplayer meets full- motion video (FMV) cartridge .. ex- pad. Along the back edge (the side that all the hardware standards set by The 3D0 pected to be available in the immediate faces the TV) are right- and left -shift but- Company: It is a 32 -bit system that dis- future. When equipped with the FMV cartons. For multiple player use, it's possible plays up to I6- million colors, offers ani- tridge, the 3DO deck will play Video to connect another, separately purchased, mation at a rate of up to 16- million pixels CD's. On the rear panel is an expansion controller to the primary one via a port per second, features a double -speed CD- slot for peripheral devices that use high- located between the shift buttons. A jack ROM drive, and provides expansion ports speed data transfer; it will be used for and volume control for headphones are for future enhancements or refinements. future networking applications. Also on found on the front edge. The device can play 3D0 software, stan- the back panel are the AC power cord:. RF, The REAL Multiplayer came with two dard audio CD's, CD + Graphics standard video, and S -Video outputs; and 3D0 discs: Crash 'n Burn, a futuristic (CD +G's) discs, and Photo CD's. It is not right- and left -audio outputs. race-car simulator game that will be de- compatible, however, with software for The manual provides clear, well- illus- scribed below (along with several other other interactive multimedia systems, trated instructions for connecting the FX-1 software titles), and an introductory disc. such as Philips' CD -i, Tandy's VIS, or to a TV (mono or stereo), TV and stereo, Dubbed the "Sampler CD," it not only MPC (multimedia PC) CD -ROM discs. and TV and VCR. In most set -up sce- explains the various features of the Multi - The fluted columns that round off each narios, the provided cables will suffice; S- player and how to use them, but also offers corner of the 10' x 101/2 x 31/2-inch FX -1 Video, however, requires a special op- a look at current and future 3D0 titles. give it a vaguely classical look. The POWER tional cable. The REAL Multiplayer is not The Sampler CD's main purpose - button is found on the left column, while recommended for use with projection other than whetting your appetite for more the LOAD /EJECT button is on the right col- TV's, which are more susceptible to phos- 3D0 ;oftware-is to help you get ac- umn. The disc tray is centered on the front phor burn. quaintad with the "feel" of the controller. panel, with a status indicator located to Except for powering up and loading To view current titles, for instance, you each side. A red light on the left side discs, all Multiplayer functions are con- must move the on -screen pointer (using indicates power on, and a green light on trolled via the wired 3DO control pad. the directional pad) through an "art gal- the right side indicates that the loaded disc Designed for two- handed use, the control- lery," in which each "painting" repre- is being accessed. The controller port is ler is curved, with raised, rounded hand- sents a software category: entertainment, located at the bottom of the front panel. holds on each side. On the top left is a four- interactive movies, "edutainment," sim- 49

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ulators, and so on. Once the pointer is You'll need more than that bare -bones positioned in front of the painting of your help screen for programming discs. Hold- choice, pressing the A button accesses that ing down either of the SHIFT buttons and category. As each title is announced and then pressing the x button opens up a sepa- displayed, another press of that button rate programming screen. Here, the con- causes the preview -a short segment of troller's buttons take on yet another set of the program-to run. Pressing the c functions, allowing you to select repeat on button returns you to the list of titles (the or off, select the tracks you'd like to hear beginning of the list, unfortunately, in- and the order in which they'll play, and stead of where you left off; you have to let select normal or random play. Programs it run through the whole list again and are automatically saved in static RAM, again to see all the previews). Pressing c a and then retrieved whenever that CD is second time returns you to the art- gallery inserted in the Multiplayer. floor so that you can view other software - With Photo CD's, the PLAY /PAUSE, STOP, category paintings. and c buttons have the same functions as The "Coming Soon" segment of the with audio CD's, but that's where the sim- race along 30 different tracks. Road haz- Sampler CD was the most intriguing. It ilarity ends. The directional pad is used to ards include banked curves, corkscrews, contained snippets of several upcoming pan images, unless you also press a shift tunnels, water patches, ice, sand, tar, and 3D0 titles, each chosen to represent the button, in which case it either creates mir- land mines-not to mention the other driv- platform's potential. There were excerpts ror images or rotates the picture. The A ers, whose cars are equipped with a variety from three soon -to -be released animated button is used to advance to the next photo; of deadly weapons. Vortex mines, nitro stories -Batman, Thumbelina, and 2 Stu- used with the SHIFT button, it brings up the blasts, nuclear -fusion casters, and can- pid Dogs. Several game segments allowed previous photo. The B button is used to nons are just part of the available arsenal. us to play along: golf, an animated shell select a zoom area; with the SHIFT button, There is also a defensive "cloaking de- game, and an impressive racing game to actually zoom in. vice" that allows cars to become trans- whose three -dimensional effects actually With a $700 suggested retail price for parent. Winners are judged by speed and made us dizzy as we sped along. the Multiplayer, it would have been nice if firepower. As impressive as the audio and video Panasonic had included a specialized re- Crash 'n Burn showcases some of quality may be, the one means provided to mote control for audio and Photo CD's. It 3DO's graphics capabilities, including the access and control the interactive multi- is possible to purchase a 3D0 mouse sepa- transparency effect, movie-like video dur- media programming is sorely lacking in rately, and at least one company (CH Prod- ing character introductions, digitized finesse. It takes some time to get the feel of ucts, 970 Park Center Drive, Vista, CA voice and sound effects, and intricate mov- the 3D0 controller; in fact, after dozens of 92083) has been licensed to market a 3D0 ing backgrounds. Play is three- dimension- hours of play, we still didn't feel as if we'd joystick. al; players can see a missile floating in mastered it. Using the directional pad is After significant doses of 3D0 hype at front of the car, dodge it, and then watch it awkward, resulting in jerky movements three Consumer Electronics Shows, we from the side as they drive past it. Unfor- that tended to overshoot or fall short of our were excited about getting our hands on a tunately, the game also underscores the intended on- screen destination. That com- working model. The graphics were, in- inadequacy of the controller included with plaint holds across the board; we had the deed, impressive, as was the speed. For the Multiplayer. same problem in every 3D0 application example, some of the non -action, intro- that we tried. In addition, functions of the ductory screens approached real video, LEMMINGS; Psygrnosis, 675 Massachu- A, B, and c buttons are not standard; in one and the fast- action game playing didn't setts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139; title, A might be the "fire" button, while in suffer from blocky graphics. Price: $59.99. another B is used to shoot. The more profi- But the technical abilities of the Multi - cient we became at one game, the longer it player won't guarantee its success. Like their real -life counterparts, the ani- took to retrain ourselves for another. Whether any software licensees come up mated critters in Lemmings exhibit ex- When playing audio CD's, the direc- with the 3D0 equivalent to Nintendo's treme herding tendencies -they will tional pad is used to scan tracks (left and Mario or Sega's Sonic will determine its follow one another to safety, or to their right controls) and to fast forward or re- future. We don't think the roguish charac- deaths, depending on the player's strategic verse between tracks (top and bottom con- ters in Crash 'n Burn (described below) thinking ability and reaction time. The trols). The PLAY /PAUSE button does just will do the trick. player's goal is to successfully guide as what you'd expect, and the x button serves Now, let's take a moment and look at many lemmings as possible to the safe as the stop button. The A button is used to some of the first titles released for the new change the display from the main screen, 3D0 platform: which displays the track number, elapsed time, sound levels, and play mode, to as- CRASH 'N BURN; Crystal Dynamics, sorted graphics displays resembling cir- 2460 Embarcadero Way, Palo Alto, CA ca -1968 Filmore West light shows. The B 94303; Price: Included with the REAL button is used to access graphics or lan- Multiplayer. guage channels on CD + G's. And, in case you have trouble remembering all that, the Reminiscent of the Mad Max cult c button calls up a help screen. movies, Crash 'n Burn is set in a post - apocalyptic world in which assorted un- Gizmo is published by Gernsback Publica- tions, Inc., 500 -B Bi- County Blvd., Farm- savory characters and their flashy vehicles ingdale, NY 11735. Senior Writers: Chris F. are pitted against one another in a race to O'Brian and Teri Scaduto. ©Copyright 1994 the death. After selecting a car based on its by Gernsback Publications, Inc. Gizmo is a speed, acceleration, defenses, and 50 registered Trademark. All rights reserved. weaponry, and a driver personae, players

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com haven that lies at the end of an obstacle and translucency, a CD-quality sound- course by equipping individual lemmings track, and special graphics effects. The to climb over, float down, build across, or game is set in and around a mansion lo- smash through the obstacles. With 120 in- cated in the "sinister world of the un- creasingly difficult levels of play, Lem dead. " The player's main goal is to find the mings is intellectually challenging and scattered fragments of a golden talisman, appeals to players of various ages, gen- so that the forces of evil will be forever ders, and cultures. banished from the land. Along the way, he Lemmings has been around since 1991. must rid the property of ghosts, grim re- we've played -and thoroughly enjoyed - apers, and other creepy beings by zapping it on a variety of game systems. We had them with a "ghost gun." The search for hoped, however, for better resolution from the talisman leads the player through the the 3D0 version. Yet we still had difficulty labyrinthian rooms of the mansion, which distinguishing between the icons at the unfold, maze -like, as he moves from room bottom of the screen -and mistaking a to room picking up extra ammunition, builder for a floater can have tragic con- health power-ups, and keys to the rooms sequences for the lemming population! that lie ahead. Luckily, it's easy to call up a map of the current level, or we'd still be wandering around the attic of Monster PUTT -PUTT JOINS THE PARADE; Manor! Humongous Entertainment, 13110 NE Shelley Duvall's It's a Bird's Life aimed 117th Place WA #180, Woodinville, at children aged three years and older, 98072 -9965. Price: $54.95. TOTAL ECLIPSE; Crystal Dynamics Inc., combines a flock do- linear story-a of 87 Encina Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94301; A fine example of interactive storytell- mesticated parrots, homeless after a fire 415- 473 -3400; Price: $59.95. ing, Putt -Putt Joins the Parade allows destroys their family's California home, children (ages 3 to 8) to go on an open - travels to the Amazon jungle and then back In Total Eclipse, the year is 2918, and ended adventure with Putt -Putt the car. to L.A. -with interactive diversions. our solar system is under attack by the Although there is a beginning and an end Players can click on objects on each page Drak -sai, evil aliens intent on destroying to the tale of the little car who must find a to make them move or speak, play games, our sun. The space- combat simulator pet and balloon before he can enter the solve puzzles, read the text themselves or game puts the player in the pilot's seat as Cartown Pet Parade, what happens in be- have Shelley Duvall read it for them, and he maneuvers through a realistic, finely tween is entirely up to the player. Putt -Putt "color" the screen with on- screen ,culptured, three -dimensional universe. paintbrushes. The "edutainment "' pro- The player's mission is explained by a life- gram contains detailed information on the like, 3D virtual actor, synthesized from Amazon Rainforest, geography, clouds. and birds of the world, along with more

than 400 word definitions and I I original sing -along songs. Although It's a Bird's Life is both educational and politically correct, neither the plot nor the birds cap- tured our hearts or imaginations. (Of course, we do not quite fit the intended user profile, and we don't like Barney either.) ESCAPE FROM MONSTER MANOR; Electronic Arts, 1450 Fashion Island Blvd., San Mateo, CA 94404; 415 -571 -7171; $59.99. Designed from the ground up specifical- can be guided down different roads, where ly for the 3D0 system, Escape From Mon- he meets up with other Cartown residents ster Manor features a full palette of colors and shopkeepers, gets a carwash bath, vis- its a toy store, mows some maze -like lawns to earn some money, and plays =ELECTRONIC ARTS games. Players must remove such road- blocks as a large cow (by honking the horn), a pile of tacks (with a large magnet), and a music -less marching band (by turning on Putt- Putt's car radio). The main sophisticated computer models: Destroy character is engaging, the story flows the Drak -sai before they destroy our uni- along at a nice clip, and every screen offers r. As a Stellar Guard pilot command- opportunities for kids to learn and explore. ing the FireWing star fighter, the player i.SCAPE FROM flies over and around planetary surfaces, SHELLEY DUVALL'S IT'S A BIRD'S LIFE; skimming mountains and exploring wind- Sanctuary Woods, 1875 South Grant ing tunnels and deep canyons. All the Street, San Mateo, CA 94402; while, he must dodge enemies and obsta- 415 -578 -6340. Price: $54.95. cles both air -borne and on the planet's sur- 51

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com play face. There are 20 different levels of Building a Better Mousetrap? on five worlds with harsh terrains: ]ava. desert, swamp. metal, and ice. The game Asked where the name "3DO" ori- is fast- moving, realistic, and exciting, but ginated, Trip Hawkins. president of The maneuvering the Fire Wing using the 3D0 3D0 Company, quipped, "Audio ... vid- controller gives the Drak-sai an unfair ad- eo ...Ithe next logical step in the pro- vantage. We'd like to try this game using a gression is] 3DO. " He hopes to make 3D0 flight -stick controller. as omnipresent in American households as its "D -0" predecessors. From its inception, The 3D0 Company STELLAR 7: DRAXON'S REVENGE; Dy- has proven to be a unique player in the namix, Inc., 1600 Mill Race Drive, Eu- multimedia field. It does not manufacture gene, OR 97403; $59.95. either software or multiplayers. It focuses, Based on the PC -based game, Stellar 7, instead, on designing the 3D0 multi - Draxon's Revenge pits the player -Terran player, setting standards for all soft- 3D0 CH Products' Flightstick Pro is one of Defense Forces lead pilot- against the evil ware and hardware, and licensing the first 3D0 compatible joysticks to be forces of Gir Draxon, supreme overlord of manufacturers. Two areas in which the introduced. the aggressive Arcturan Empire. The play- company excels are arranging strategic al- er takes control of the Raven, a prototype liances with those companies that will and CD- quality sound with digital signal heavy assault vehicle that has at its com- manufacture future products-equity part- processing. The device is compatible with mand a battery of weapons and defensive ners include Matsushita, AT &T, Time music CD's, including CD +G's, and devices, including the super cannon and Warner. MCA, and Electronic Arts -and Kodak's Photo CD. Taking advantage of the RC bomb, along with the Cat's Eye marketing the unusual 3D0 concept. 3DO's open architecture and expansion That concept seems ingenious in its ports, future enhancements can be added. simplicity: Design a brand -new, ultra -fast Those include full- motion video using the multimedia standard from the ground up, MPEG -1 data -compression standard, and then encourage software developers MIDI capability, the ability to attach a and hardware manufacturers by offering camcorder or VCR for home video edit- generous licensing arrangements. ing, and the multimedia networking with First, the company came up with a pro- other 3D0 users over standard telephone totype based on multiprocessors that were lines. specially designed to meet its unique re- To facilitate the 3DO platform's broad - quirements, rather than designing a ma- based introduction into the consumer mar- chine around the capabilities (and ketplace. The 3D0 Company is offering limitations) of chips available at the time. unusually generous licensing deals and ex- 3DO's high -performance architecture is tensive programming packages. After an based on a pair of custom "graphics ani- initial sign -on fee, hardware manufac- mation engines" that can display or move turers need not pay any royalties on units up to 64 million pixels per second, com- sold. The software- licensing fee and royal- pared to an average of roughly one -million ty program are significantly lower than pixels per second for 16 -bit game systems. those for other formats. In addition, under Graphics are organized by the anima- the 3D0 licensing program software de- tion engines into "animation cels " -high- velopers can publish as many titles as they resolution, full -color images that can be want, with no restrictions on category animated, scaled, rotated, and further dis- types, content, or product -introduction torted. Those eels might be loosely com- scheduling. Licensees have access to the pared to the "sprites" used by developers 3D0 Content Library, a database of some of other game platforms, but they don't 60 hours of music, 20,000 sound effects, face the same limitations as sprites in re- 10,000 still pictures, hours of film footage, gard to size, shape, color, and number 350 megabytes of clip art, and 500 texture available. In fact, animation cels have effects -all copyright cleared and license more in common with Hollywood produc- free. Parts of that sound library were con- tion techniques in which animators use tributed by Time Warner and MCA. layers of independent art to achieve real- In fact, each partner of The 3D0 Com- istic visual depth. Specifically designed to pany brings some special resources to the animate eels, the 3D0 Multiplayer does so 3D0 enterprise. Pairing Hollywood inves- faster and smoother than other platforms. tors such as Time Warner and MCA with radar tracking system, the Inviso Cloak to Working alongside the graphics- anima- Silicon Valley software designers like render it invisible, and thrusters for a sud- tion engines are a custom, 32 -bit RISC Electronic Arts opens a new outlet for den surge of speed or vertical lift. It's also (reduced instruction -set computer) pro- those companies' existing libraries of possible to use the Draxon's own Warp cessing unit that handles interactive pro- properties, while allowing new interactive Links (similar to Star Trek The Next Gen- cessing, a double -speed CD -ROM drive, products to be sold alongside film, music, eration's "worm holes") to transport the and a multitasking audio system. Said to and book versions of the same. Time Raven through space and time to attack the deliver 50 times the performance of typical Warner-which owns Six Flags amuse- staging areas of the Draxon invasion fleet. video game systems and personal comput- ment parks, where video -game arcades The game offers seven challenging levels ers, the Multiplayer also offers millions of are popular attractions-is better known as of fast -moving action and excellent three- simultaneous colors, full- screen, soft- the nation's second largest cable operator. ware-based video at 30 frames per second, 52 dimensional graphics. (Continued on page 58)

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Shhhhh!

NOISEBUSTER ACTIVE NOISE -RE- DUCTION HEADSET. From Noise Can- cellation Technologies, Inc., 800 Sum- mer Street, Stamford, CT 06901 -1023; 203 -961 -0500. Price: $149.

We live in a noisy world. Our ears are bombarded from all directions. Cars, trucks, trains, the washer, dryer, dish- washer, and microwave all have their own unique contribution to our sound environment, and there's always a TV or stereo playing somewhere in the house. Noise - it sometimes seems as if there's no way to avoid it. We all know that exposure to loud noise can damage our hearing. But that's only one of the problems associated with it. Constant exposure to noise can lead to stress, and recent studies have shown that noise can even elevate blood pressure. Although we are not always able to control the sound to which we're exposed, we can take some steps. In our homes we can take such measures as insulating walls, closing windows, and perhaps even using is to reduce or eliminate low- pitched rum- were disappointed to find that the power- a white -noise generator to mask unwanted bles and hums, without interfering with supply fan on our computer was hardly external noise. In our cars, we can install speech. The effectiveness of the device quieted at all. Most of the noise it produces improved soundproofing. (See our review depends on how much of the noise falls is evidently made up of higher-frequency of Scosche Accumat, April 1994.) Ear- within its operating range. Noise Can- components. The NoiseBuster merely plugs are yet another means to reduce ex- cellation Technologies claims that some changed the way it sounded by eliminating posure to potentially dangerous sound noises -such as that found in an aircraft the low- frequency components of its hum. levels. They are essential when using cabin -can be attenuated by as much as We looked forward to giving the Noise - power tools, lawnmowers, and other gen- 95 %. Other noises, such as a vacuum Buster a go on an airplane. Airplanes are erators of excessive noise. cleaner that generates higher -frequency incredibly loud, with noise levels in the We recently found a new way to quieten sounds, might be reduced around 40 %. passenger cabins somewhere around 80 the world around us: electronic noise can- Our first experience with the Noise decibels (dB). Typically, that noise - cellation as provided by the NoiseBuster. Buster was at the Winter Consumer Elec- about the same as you might expect during Noise Cancellation Technologies' tronics Show in Las Vegas. It was the after- the daytime in a busy city -makes it diffi- NoiseBuster, which is powered by a 9 -volt noon of the last day of the show, and much cult to listen to a personal stereo, in -flight battery, looks something like a small per- of the crowd had left. In short, the floor audio entertainment, or the soundtrack for sonal stereo. A pair of comfortable, on- was on the quiet side-or so we thought. an in -flight movie. the -ear headphones is hardwired to a plas- We put on the headphones, turned on the Normally, our first inclination would be tic box that measures about 3 x 3' x 11/4 NoiseBuster, and were astounded at the to simply increase the volume of what we inches and contains most of the Noise - reduction in the background hum of the want to listen to. Think, however, what Buster circuitry. The normal appearance convention center. We had no idea that it that means. If we assume that the airplane of the headphones is deceiving. They are was still so noisy on the show floor! cabin noise level is 80 dB, then our stereo special in that each earpiece contains a When we received our evaluation sam- would have to he generating at least 83 dB microphone as well as a speaker. ple, we first gave it a quick run on some of because an increase of 3 dB is the smallest Those microphones listen for the offen- the noises we commonly encounter. We increment in sound level detectable by hu- sive noise at your ear, and feed the infor- mans. Because the decibel scale is log- mation back to the main unit where its arithmic, that increase of 3 dB actually level and frequency are analyzed. The represents a doubling of acoustic energy. NoiseBuster then creates a noise signal of (\ZNI\ZN. NOISE Shortly after takeoff, we put our head - on the power. The its own-an "anti -noise wave" that is a RESIDUAL p:iones on and turned copy of the original noise, but 180 degrees noise was reduced dramatically -not the out of phase with it. That anti -noise wave ANTI -NOISE 95% reduction claimed possible, but sub- is fed to the headset, where it is output by stantially nonetheless. The reduction in the speakers. You can't hear it, though. low- frequency sound was enough to make us we brought the headset When the anti -noise meets the offending The top waveform represents the sound happy that noise, they cancel, reducing the apparent pressure of the offending noise. The bot- along. There was still plenty of noise -any noise. tom is the anti -noise signal generated by noise above 1500 Hz is not reduced. The NoiseBuster is designed to operate the NoiseBuster. The residual noise is The noise elimination could be most in the we on noise from 30 Hz to 1500 Hz. The intent shown center. appreciated when removed the headset 53

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 100% to large corporations -hiring a real, flesh- and-blood receptionist, or having an electronic voice -mail system installed. De- spite our technological leanings, we still z 50% 0 prefer to speak to a friendly, helpful person than a prerecorded message. However, zoó comparing the costs of paying a salary and w benefits year after year to the one -time o° price of a voice -mail system, many companies are opting for the electronic solution. For many of the nearly 20 million small businesses and 24 million income- produc- 10 30 100 1,000 2,000 ing home-offices, however, neither voice FREQUENCY (Hz) mail nor a receptionist is an economically PERFORMANCE viable solution. Ironically, it's the small RANGE businesses and home offices for whom a The NoiseBuster is designed to operate in a frequency range from 30 Hz to 1500 Hz so professional, dependable communications as not to interfere with speech. presentation is most important. After all, large companies don't have to prove their to compare the noise levels. We got used to TGIF professional integrity on each phone the reduced sound so much that we didn't call-but small businesses do. want to take the headphones off. Although FRIDAY PERSONAL /OFFICE RECEP- Home -office workers, in particular, face the noise was reduced, we could still hear TIONIST. From Bogen Communica- problems maintaining a professional im- and understand everything. The captain's tions, Inc., 50 Spring Street, P. O. Box age. Many people still can't accept that announcements were easily understood, 575, Ramsey, NJ 07446; Tel: people who work at home are actually and the flight attendants were intelligible. 201 -934 -8500. Price: $499, two -line working. That non -professional image can We then used the NoiseBuster in conversion; $399, one -line version. be reinforced if, for instance, a home -of- junction with our personal stereo and the fice worker who decides to throw in a load in -flight entertainment. The NoiseBuster There are two things required to keep of laundry while waiting fora document to comes equipped with a cable that is termi- any company, regardless of size, operating print, forgets to answer the extension nated on either end with a miniature stereo at peak efficiency: a dependable staff and phone with the proper business greeting. phone plug. A volume control is in the the tools they need to do their jobs. Top- Or if a toddler grabs the phone before his middle of the cable. One end of the cable ping the list of such tools is the equipment home -working parent can get to it. Those is plugged into the headphone jack of the required to keep the lines of communica- unfortunate scenarios, or similar ones, are stereo, and the other end plugs into the tions open between the staff and those they familiar to most home -office workers. NoiseBuster. (On our flights, we were for- deaf with outside the company. Unable to afford sophisticated voice - tunate in that the airplane was equipped Large or small, most businesses re- mail systems or the salary of a recep- with standard headphone jacks. Some air- quire, at the very least, a phone, a fax tionist, most small businesses and home planes use a two -prong audio connector - machine, and some way to answer and offices still rely on standard telephones an adapter, not supplied with the Noise - route incoming calls and to take clear mes- and answering machines. That's not the Buster, would be required for com- sages when the calls cannot be answered most effective communications arrange - patibility.) immediately. There are two options open ment -one out of seven home -based busi- The result was tremendous. Usually. we get fatigued quickly by the typical poor audio at a high volume in an airplane. Instead of getting fatigued, however, we listened for virtually the entire 4 -hour flight. Audio in an airplane never sounded so good to us. The NoiseBuster is the first active noise - cancellation device available to consumers at a reasonable price. (Previously, active noise cancellation was used by the military to block, for example, noise in helicopters. Other uses that you will potentially see in the future include an active automobile muffler.) It provides a new way to reduce the noise in your life.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com stage of the setup process in synthesized voice, in a style that's familiar to anyone who's ever called a voice -mail system. For instance, when setting the number of rings wo desired, Friday prompts, "For Toll Save 3, for four CELLULAR PHONE PAGER .. ANY OTHER press 2, for three rings press LOCATION rings press 4...." Similar instructions are 1= provided for setting the time and date, and INCOMING 1= the volume of voice prompts and message TELEPHONE LINE o phiyback, making those procedures as easy as possible. EIGHT With the basic settings programmed, VOICE MAIL BOXES the next step is recording the main greeting and the messages for each of the four mail- individual an- MUSIC ON HOLD boxes that can be used as swering machines, and for the three additional mailboxes that can be used for t outgoing announcements. Again, the

FAX MACHINE manual offers detailed advice, including this example of a main greeting: "Hello, you have reached the ABC ft.r''.: >ra To leave a message for Dave, ANNOUNCE Company. CALLER AUTO -ROUTE CALLS PERSONAL COMPUTER press 1; for Amy, press 2; for Pete, press; 3; for Lisa, press 4. To hear our mailing ad- Friday provides home-based and small businesses with multiple voice mailboxes, dress, press 5. To hear our office hours, and has the ability to selectively save and delete messages, to share phone lines with press 6. To get directions, press 7. To send you to be reached at a a fax or a modem, and to forward calls to any location -allowing a fax, press 8. To repeat this message, pager. client's office, in your car, or on your press 0 at any time." nesses or services experiences a tele- modem is also plugged directly to a jack The personal messages would then Dave. phone- product failure each year. Missed on Friday's back panel. Finally, if you'd sound something like: "Hi, this is calls result in wasted time, inefficiency, like your telecommunications system to Please leave a message after the tone and and possible loss of income. offer music on hold, an audio source (per- I'll get back to you." Bogen Communications gives small sonal stereo, tuner, portable CD player, or Of course, all of the outgoing messages businesses and home offices a competitive tape deck) can be plugged into the audio are entirely up to the user, who can person- needs. edge in communications with Friday The input. A volume control is located next to alize them to meet the company's Personal/Office Receptionist. Billed as the audio input and can be adjusted using a With the two-line system, two different one "the next generation telephone answering small screwdriver. Friday is now ready to main greetings can be recorded, or lines. For the system," Friday is a scaled -down version be plugged in. greeting can be used on both of the voice -mail systems used by major After power-up, Friday performs a self- one -line unit, multiple greetings are possi- corporations. Intended to enhance the diagnostic test, as it counts down from 15 ble only if Distinct Ring service is ordered business' existing phone and fax machine, to 0 in the upper -right corner of the LCD. from the phone company. the all- digital system provides multiple The manual is clearly written and well - Home offices with only one or two mailboxes with customized outgoing mes- illustrated; setup should cause no prob- workers can still put Friday to good use the business and sages. It has the ability to forward calls to lems for even the technologically im- sorting out messages on any location, automatically detect and paired. Unfortunately, the first unit we personal phone lines. If, for instance, Jane from her route calls to a fax machine or PC, notify tested -one that had been reviewed by at Johnson ran a catering business users of urgent messages, remind users of least one other magazine and then shipped home. the main message on her business appointments, provide music -on -hold, around repeatedly- flunked the diag- line might say: "You've reached Johnson and professionally manage and screen nostic test. The replacement unit passed Fine Foods. To leave a message for Jane. bro- calls. with flying colors, however, and was then press I. If you'd like to receive our like to hear our With a footprint of only 6 x 8 inches, ready to for initial setup and customized chure. press 2. If you'd If you Friday doesn't take up too much valuable greetings. Spring menu and price list. press 5. press 6. It' you'd desk space. In fact, it fit neatly on one a- Friday features a large (l'/ x 6 -inch) need to know our address. press 7. To foot -long bookshelf, between our two -line LCD screen that displays the date and like directions to our facilities, line two, the phone and our fax machine, with room to time, which mailbox is in use, and the send a fax, press 8." On might say. spare for our Rolodex. Both the one -line number of messages -old and new -that personal line. the main message resi- model and the two -line version reviewed are stored. Along the bottom of the display "Hi. You've reached the Johnson for Jane, press here come with a wall -mount kit for those is a row of icons that includes the digits I dence. To leave a message press 5." who can't spare any shelf space at all. through 0, an asterisk, and a pound sign. 4. To leave a message for Tom, "To leave a mes- We began the setup procedure by in- Immediately below the LCD are buttons Or. in a home with kids. press 4. To leave a stalling a 9 -volt battery for memory back- that correspond to each icon; their every- sage for Jane or Tom. 5." It's also up, and making the proper connections day functions are clearly labeled on the message for Tom, Jr., press one box for private use between Friday, the telephone, and the fax front of the unit. During setup, however, possible to reserve only; or PC. The two -line version can accept those buttons perform other functions. by family members or employees off the main either two one -line phones or one two -line The setup functions are accessed by flip- simply leave that box number whom you wish phone, using the supplied line cords. Fri- ping open the lid to a compartment that menu and tell only those day is then connected to the outside phone runs along the front of the unit. to use it of its existence. 18 minutes of lines' modular jack. A fax or a PC with Friday actually talks you through each Friday can hold up to 55

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com messages in its RAM. However, an op- course, every office is plagued by at least tional expansion module doubles the mes- one salesman who always considers his The Family Fax sage storage time to 36 minutes. Because calls urgent! You can get around that with Friday is a digital answering machine, the call -block function, if you know his HOME FACSIMILE MODEL FX40. Man- there are no tapes or moving parts to wear phone number. Intended to prevent toll ufactured by Samsung Electronics Amer- out. Digital playback features are exten- fraud. the function allows you to block ica, 105 Challenger Road, Ridgefield sive: you can instantly repeat. save. pause, call -forward, remote -notify, and pager-no- Park, NJ 07660 -0511; 201 -229 -4000; or delete a message: skip forward or back tify attempts from up to three phone - Price: $299. one message; save a message to a different number prefixes of up to four digits. If Joe mailbox; play the time /date stamp; and from Acme Office Supply has been leav- The facsimile machine is a standard fix- even choose from three playback speeds - ing urgent messages for you to call him at ture in modern offices, right up there with slow, normal, and fast. 555 -5555, for instance, you can program the telephone system. It's rare to see a The LCD indicates which mailboxes Friday not to forward calls with the 5555 business card or letterhead that doesn't list contain messages and how many new and prefix. both phone and fax numbers; some com- old messages are stored in the currently Coworkers can leave messages for each panies have standard and toll -free numbers active mailbox. Messages can be retrieved other, or leave timed reminders for them- for both their telephone and fax lines. by selecting the appropriate mailbox and selves or others. Up to three timed mes- From the corner deli to the Fortune 500, pressing the MESSAGE button. To call in for sages can be left in a mailbox; at the user - just about every business uses faxes to messages, a security code is always re- specified time and date, Friday beeps and speed up paper communications. quired; security codes can also be set to puts the message in the mailbox. The 2- The fax has not penetrated the home - prevent local access to the messages in WAY /MEMO button is used to leave mes- office market to the same extent -at least your mailbox or any other mailbox func- sages in other people's mailboxes. During not yet. As of last year, only 10% of homes tions. With the proper security code, it is a phone call, pressing that button records with income -producing offices included also possible to program the system re- the conversation. fax machines. But that number is expected motely via telephone. (If security is not a Friday can also recognize the phone to increase dramatically in the next few priority and/or you have trouble remem- company's Distinctive Ring, Indent -A- years, as prices continue to drop, the units bering codes. you can opt to use the facto- Ring or other services that permit multiple shrink in size, and more convenience fea- ry preset codes: "1111" for mailbox one, numbers on a single phone line. Each tures are offered. "2222" for mailbox 2, etc.) number has a different- sounding ring. Fri- Today's crop of thermal -paper fax ma- Of course, a good receptionist does day can distinguish between the different chines routinely offer a built -in telephone, more than take messages. The job descrip- rings and be programmed to answer one speed dialing, polling, and the ability to tion often includes screening unwanted number with a business message and the print out "reports" of stored phone num- calls -or all calls, if the boss is in a meet- other with a personal message. bers and recent transmissions. They don't ing; relaying messages; providing clients For fax reception, two routing methods even require a separate phone line, but can with a number at which their contact can are used. First, the caller could listen to the automatically route incoming calls to the be reached; ascertaining a call's relative main message menu and be instructed to fax or telephone, or to an attached tele- importance and acting upon it; passing press 8 to send a fax. If someone just sent a phone answering machine. along messages between employees, and fax without calling first, however, Friday A few years ago, such a machine could even reminding employees that they have can recognize the CNG tones of the fax not be found for under $500, and you appointments scheduled. machine and automatically route the call could expect to pay much more. Today, Friday can do all that. When the an- to the fax machine. (The two -line model however, you'd have a hard time finding a nounce- caller function is activated, Friday allows faxes to be received on either feature-laden home fax that cost as much asks who is calling; the name can be heard number.) Friday cannot detect modem as $500, and many cost considerably less. over Friday's speaker. You can then decide calls; the calling modem must first dial the And at prices from $250 to $450, now whether to take the call or let the caller phone number, then provide a pause until you're talking consumer item. leave a voice -mail message. If you're in Friday answers, and then enter the 8. It's not surprising, then, that facsimile the middle of an important project, you From the user's perspective, Friday of- manufacturers are targeting not only can turn on the do- not -disturb function. fers an easy -to -use, customized system homes with offices, but also homes with- Friday then answers the phone on the first whose variations are limited only by the out them. Want your husband to pick up a ring and takes messages without broad- imagination. Need a wake -up call when few things at the grocery on the way home? casting them over its speaker. you're on a business trip? Use the timed Fax him alist. Forget to send your mother a If you are going to be out of the office memo function to call- forward a timed re- birthday card? Fax her a home -drawn and don't want to miss your calls, you can minder. If your business is mostly repeat greeting at the last minute. Did Susie have have Friday forward the calls to another customers that know your staff by name, a straight -A report card? Fax copies to all phone number or to a pager. (If your Friday identify mail boxes by name. If you're the grandparents. Can't remember how to is the one -line model, you must have a- actively courting new customers, record make Mom's meatloaf? Ask her to fax you way calling from the phone company to an outgoing message that prompts callers the recipe. For consumers as well as home - use call forwarding. On the two -line unit, to "press I for sales, press 2 for account- office workers, the key selling points are Friday uses the second line to call out.) ing, etc." low price, compact size, and plenty of When call forward is activated, the caller is From the incoming caller's standpoint, convenience features. told, "Press 0 to leave a message, or your Friday is professional without being totally With a suggested retail price of $299, call is being forwarded." Pager forward impersonal. At most, the caller is pre- Samsung's FX40 is a good example of the works in the same manner. sented with eight menu choices. (We've consumer fax machine. It offers all the If you want only urgent calls to be for- called large corporations and had to listen basics listed above, plus a few bonus fea- warded, the remote -notify function is to seemingly endless lists of employees tures, such as the ability, at the press of two used. Each callers is asked if his message before hearing the name we needed.) Call - buttons, to print out a "help" list of its is urgent. If so, Friday will call you at the forwarding functions help end games of functions. It does not offer some of the 56 number that you have programmed. Of (Continued on page 58) features found on top -of-the -line home fax

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com the device, you can print out the time and date and terminal ID to verify that they were input correctly. Those printouts are generated by pressing FUNCTION, 0, and FUNCTION, I, respectively. Using the same basic technique, you can also print out a list of your programmed speed -dial numbers; that's when you'll appreciate having taken the time to assign each speed number a name. You can also generate a communications report that lists the last 20 receptions and transmissions, including such information as whether the fax went through, the sending /receiving number, date and time, and number of pages. The FX40 supports simple polling, which allows the unit to receive a document from an unattended remote fax machine- assuming, of course, that the machines, such as an automatic paper cut- selected with multiple taps on the num- remote fax also supports polling and that it ter, a paper feeder, and a half -tone mode bered phone -dial buttons. A chart that ap- is ready to send a document. To use the for transmitting photographs. The lack of pears in the manual makes the spelling feature, simply call the remote fax, and such features precludes using the FX40 in process easier. when it answers, press the RECEIVE/POLL many home -office situations -a graphics The FX40 can also be programmed with button. The FX40's polling feature won't designer would want the high -resolution up to ten numbers for speed dialing. Press- work if the remote fax requires a password of a half-tone mode, a lawyer would want ing FUNCTION and then SPEED begins the or poll code, and the machine can't be to automatically feed in multi -page briefs process. The one -digit (from 0-9) number polled itself. or legal contracts, and the local deli owner that will be assigned to the speed -dial If you don't normally receive a lot of wouldn't want her employees wasting their number is entered first, immediately fol- faxes, the expense of a second phone line time cutting apart incoming pages of or- lowed by a phone number that contains up is probably not justified. (In our neck of ders during the lunch -hour rush. to 34 digits. Pauses can be added any- the woods, for example, the basic charge For those offices or homes that receive where within the number. A name can be for the phone line, ignoring the installa- the occasional fax, or send out only printed added to identify each number, using the tion fees, would eclipse the cost of the material, the FX40 makes sense. Measur- same spelling technique as to input the FX40 in a little over two years.) Because ing just l3'/s x 31/4 x 81/4 inches, it can fit terminal ID. A plastic tray that slides out the FX40 can automatically recognize in- in even in the tight quarters of many home from the right side of the FX40 holds a coming autodialed faxes, a second line offices-or can find a spot on the kitchen name card on which the names associated isn't required. counter. And it's easy to install and to use. with the speed -dial numbers can be listed The reception modes work in a variety Setup requires attaching the telephone for easy reference. of different ways. In the full- automatic handset to the left side of the main unit, Documents ranging in size from 6 x 5 to mode, the fax automatically receives the and then connecting the unit to a telephone 8.5 x 59 inches (width x length) can be incoming document after a user -defined jack with the supplied modular cord. If transmitted. A document is inserted into number of rings. If you rarely receive desired, an extension telephone or an an- the feeder on the front of the unit until a faxes, you'll want to set the FX40 to its full swering machine can be plugged into the beep is heard and the paper is pulled in manual mode, where it doesn't answer any extra jack on the back of the fax machine. automatically. Two resolution modes are incoming calls. However, if you pick up If needed, the ring type (soft, normal, or offered by the unit. Pressing the FINE the receiver and hear a fax tone, you can off), pulse /tone switch, and volume con- button toggles between standard and fine simply press the START key and hang up the trol can be adjusted. The supplied 49 -foot modes. A green LED lights when fine receiver, and the fax will go through. paper roll fits in a compartment under the mode is selected. Another reception mode lets the FX40 top lid, which is opened with a press of the It isn't necessary to pick up the handset share the line with an answering machine. RELEASE button. when dialing; instead, the MONITOR key In the answer mode, the answering ma- Before the FX40 is ready to send a fax, can be pressed. The number can be entered chine is plugged into the EXT.TEL jack on the correct time and date must be set, manually or speed dialing can be used by the back of the machine. When a call is along with the terminal ID. All of that pressing SPEED and the one -digit speed received, the answering machine answers information will appear at the top of each number. When the call goes through, a and plays its outgoing message. But if the fax that is transmitted. In fact, to prevent high -pitched warbling sound can be heard, FX40 detects a fax tone, it automatically unwanted junk faxes, a federal law requires and pushing the START /COPY button begins switches over and receives the incoming that every fax sent must include a terminal the transmission. To signal that the trans- fax. ID. That can consist of only a phone mission is complete, the FX40 beeps five Incoming faxes can also be transferred number, a name and number, or a compa- times. For multi -page documents, the next from an extension phone to the fax many name, address and phone number. Date page must be inserted before the beeping chine. For example, if you answer an in- and time are set by pressing FUNCTION and ends. coming call and hear a fax tone, you can 0, and then inputting the month, day, and The FX40 has the ability to print out press *9* (the default) to transfer the fax to year followed by the hour and minute in several different types of lists. The most the FX40. This feature doesn't work with 24 -hour format. Setting the terminal ID is helpful, particularly for new users, is the just any extension phone -the extension slightly more complex. An asterisk must help list, printed by pressing FUNCTION must be plugged into the EXT.TEL jack on separate each digit or letter, and letters are and then START/COPY. When programming the FX40. 57

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com As with any home fax machine, the FX40 doubles as a copier. The original is inserted through the feeder as though it was to be faxed, but the START /COPY button is pressed without dialing the phone. Of course, copies are made on thermal paper, which is not noted for its durability. Among other things, images fade when exposed to light, and the paper has the annoying tendency to curl. The use of thermal paper alone would make the FX40 a poor choice for many serious fax users. Add to that the lack of a, paper cutter or half-tone mode, and you have a machine that any frequent faxer (or faxee) would hate. For the low- volume user-to send off the occasional recipe or report card, for instance -the FX40 is an obvious value.

GET REAL (Continued from page 52)

That puts them in a position to pave the way to transmit interactive multimedia This is production process, live programs -such over cable TV. Similarly, AT &T's lead- Your as sporting events-are captioned in real ership position in telecommunications en- time. abled that company to develop and market Caption Although primarily intended for the a device that allows 3D0 games to be hearing impaired, captions have other uses played interactively over the phone wires, Speaking as well. They are valuable tools for chil- while still allowing the line to be used for dren who are learning to read, or for any- conversation. Consumer -electronics giant CLOSED CAPTION DECODER. From one who is working to master the English Matsushita was the first to bring a 3D0 International Computers, 12021 West language. Captions can also allow a view- Multiplayer to market, under its Panasonic Bluemound Road, Wauwatosa, WI er to enjoy programming without turning label. 53226; 414- 764 -9000. Price: $89. up the volume, to watch programs even While AT &T and Matsushita have de- when noisy kids are screaming in the back- veloped 3D0 hardware and Electronic If you have bought a new TV recently, ground, or to watch without disturbing a Arts has created several 3D0 titles, those you are undoubtedly aware of closed cap- spouse who prefers to read or listen to companies have done so as licensees, not tioning. The Television Decoder Circuitry music. as partners. Their products will carry the Act of 1990 makes it mandatory for man- A different way to view captions is pro- 3D0 symbol, indicating that they meet the ufacturers to include closed- captioning vided by International Computers. That standards and are compatible with the for- decoder circuitry in every TV with a company provides a Closed- Caption De- mat, not that they are manufactured by The screen larger than 13 inches that has been coder as a plug-in board for IBM -standard 3D0 Company. The 3D0 company, so as manufactured for the U.S. market since computers. It not only permits captions to not to compete at an unfair advantage over July 1993. be displayed on the computer's screen, but its licensees, does not and will not man- Closed captioning, however, has been also to be sent to a printer, or stored on disk ufacture any hardware or software for the around for about a decade and a half, in a text file. 3D0 platform. thanks primarily to the efforts of the Na- When we first heard about the decoder, tional Captioning Institute (NCI). NCI is we were a little perplexed. Why, we won- responsible for about 80% of all television dered, would anyone want to use a com- OFFICE RECEPTIONIST captioning and about 95% of all vid- puter to view captions? We could, perhaps (Continued from page 56) eocassette captioning. envision toting our laptop computer to the The captions are "closed" or normally living room if we needed to see the cap- phone tag, and special clients feel more invisible. They are "hidden" in line 21 of tions. But most laptops -including important when they can let you know the vertical blanking interval or VBI. (The ours -can't accept plug -in cards, so we'd their messages are urgent-and you get VBI is the time period between the fields have to bring our desktop system to do the right back to them. of a TV picture during which the electron job. It didn't seem a practical way to ac- We don't think Friday -or any elec- beam is turned off so that it can return to cess the captioning information. tronic voice -mail system, for that matter- the top of the screen to "paint" the next That isn't really the purpose of the Inter- can replace a friendly, bright, cheerful, field.) When accessed-either through an national Computer's closed -caption de- receptionist, but those are hard to come by add -on or built -in decoder-they appear coder. If you want to just read the captions, for a one -time price of less than $500! For as white letters on a rectangular black you're better off getting a decoder that the small business that needs to present a background. displays them on the TV screen. Where the modern, professional image and keep its Most network prime -time programming plug -in board is powerful is in saving the communications under tight control, the is captioned, and many daytime network caption information in a computer text file. Friday Personal/Office Receptionist is an shows are as well_ Although most pro- Why would you want a file of captions? 58 elegant and effective solution. gramming is captioned during the post- Well, political junkies can save transcripts

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com The Get Captions option clears the screen of such shows as the MacNeil Lehrer News a good use for that old XT of yours that's captions and text, if Hour. Or perhaps they can watch Face the gathering dust.) and then displays quadrants. The File Nation while saving the transcript of Meet When the software is run, the main available, in the four sets the software to save any the Press. If you are looking for specific menu is displayed, and the main portion of Save option information, saving the transcript can be the screen is split into four quadrants. acquired captions to a file. the Print option toggles the even better than recording the show on Each quadrant contains a description of Choosing Because the cap- your VCR. That's because if you call up what is usually found there. At the top left printer output on and off. not include many special the text file on your favorite word pro- is the Cl Caption quadrant. That caption tion data does supports mast cessor, you can search for material that channel is the most frequently used be- characters, the output characters are translated interests you. For example, did Senator cause it contains captions for the current printers. Special captions are Dole say anything about Clinton's program. The top right is the C2 Caption by the software. Flash -on eight lines, which healthcare plan? Just search for key words quadrant. Caption channel 2 is used only printed in groups of would appear on the to find out. You' Il find out much faster than infrequently. It contains alternate pro- represents how they trying to fast -forward through a tape. gram-related text captioning. It could be TV screen. Menu option brings up a Are you trying to learn how to write for used, for example, for second- language The Options menu that allows further TV? Is there a better way to learn tech- captions, or for simplified text for chil- second The first choice allows you niques than by examining the teleplay text dren. It could also contain verbatim cap- customization. quadrant will be saved to of hit shows? tions (which may move too fast for some to choose which a is possible to save only one quad- The decoder board is easy to install -it viewers to read) instead of the edited cap- file. (It a The name of the save file is simply plugs into any empty 8 -bit slot. tions of caption channel I. rant at time). with another menu entry. A third There are no interrupts to set, and no ad- The bottom two quadrants, called Cl chosen you select whether the data will dress block to be concerned with. It's not Text and C2 Text, are text channels that are option lets to the capture file if it exists, even necessary to set the monitor type. You used to present non -program -related text. be appended overwrite the currently just plug the board in, and it works. Some popular uses for the text channels or whether it will The software that is supplied with the are to present program schedules, cap- existing file. can be saved from any board includes a checkout program and an tioned- program schedules, or information Just as captions be printed from installation program. The main software, a of particular interest to the hearing im- quadrant, they can also and they can be sent to program called CCD.EXE, has a file size paired. In some areas, the text information any quadrant, LPT2:, or LPT3:. The of under 50 kilobytes. The advantage of might include news, weather reports, or printer ports LPTI:, final option turns the error beep on or off. the 8 -bit board and the small size of the community information. all new TV sets contain control software is that the closed- caption The main menu presents six choices: Because almost circuitry, we decoder could be installed in even an origi- Help, Get Captions, File Save, Print, Op- closed- caption decoding expected to find a unique caption - nal IBM PC with a single 360- kilobyte tions Menu, and Exit. The Help option hardy This plug -in board, how- floppy disk drive and still provide com- provides three screens of text that describe related product. that. plete functionality. (Perhaps that could be the operation of the decoder and software. ever., is just

ELECTRONICS WISH LIST

Just Say It Anyone who has ever searched in vain for pen and paper to write down a new idea or a reminder list will appreciate the Voice It Personal Note Recorder from Voice It Technologies (2643 Midpoint Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525). The device is about the size of a credit card, but about IA inch thick. It records messages directly to a digital integrated circuit, allowing instant access to messages. Voice It can hold about a dozen brief messages. Price: $79.95.

Quiet Please! The Quiet Zone noise -reduction system from Koss Corp. (4129 North Port Washington Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53212) acts as a kind of electronic earplug. Worn like the headphones for which the company is famous, the Quiet Zone reduces low- frequency noise (down to 30 Hz). It is said to be particularly effective on such sounds as droning lawn mowers, jet engines, or vacuum cleaners. Because it doesn't affect sounds above 1400 Hz, music and conversation are heard easily. In fact, they should be heard more easily than normal because the background buzz is eliminated by the headphones. The headphones work by sensing the surround noise and generating out -of-phase "mirror images" that cancel out the offending noise. The headphones also accept input from an outside source, so they can be used, for example, to listen to a portable cassette player while on an airplane with improved results. A 2 -pin adapter is even included to use with in- 59 flight entertainment systems. Price: N /A. Vcice It Personal Note Recorder

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ELECTRONICS WISH LIST

Looking Good In a move to combine home furnishing with home theater, Quasar (1707 N. Randall Rd., Elgin, IL 60123) has introduced the HTI000 home -theater system. The system comes with an AM /FM A/V receiver with Dolby Pro -Logic technology, front, center, and rear speakers, a subwoofer, and either a 27- or 3I -inch television with a high- contrast Black Tint Tube. The cabinet, which is available in cherry, oak or black, features smoked -glass equipment enclosures, and two pull- out storage drawers for video cassettes, and compact discs. Price $2799 (with 27- inch TV); $3399 (with 3I -inch TV).

Relax! Stressed out? Cognitech Corp. (University Place, 124 Mt. Auburn St., Suite Quasar Home -Theater System 200, Harvard Square, Cambridge, MA 02138) has a solution. The Brainwave 200 Mind/Body Exercise System consists of a one -piece headset that integrates a light screen and earphones. Under microprocessor control, a combination of light and sound provide an environment that is said to aid maximum relaxation. A fingertip sensor records temperature rises due to increased blood circulation, which is a reliable way to measure relaxation. Price: $340.

Turning the Pages of History One of the problems of traditional pagers is that they are too expensive for occasional use -the monthly fees are too high. SmartPage Nationwide (7165 S.W. Fir Loop, Tigard, OR 97223) has a new idea in which consumers pay just for the messages they use without monthly fees. Numeric and voice messages are bundled in SmartPacks and VoicePacks. The 30, 60, or 100- message packs can be used any time within two years. Pages are made through a toll -free number; callers are greeted with a user -customizable message. SmartPage comes with a pager and SmartPage a package of 30 numeric and 10 voice messages. Price: $129.99.

Camcorder with a View The latest addition to the ViewCam line from Sharp Electronics Corp. (Sharp Plaza, Mahwah, NJ 07430) is the top -of-the -line VL -H400. The Hi -8 camcorder features a four-inch color LCD screen, and new features including slow -motion playback, an 8 x variable -speed zoom, and a wide- screen (16 x 9) recording mode. A "digital still snap" function enables users to capture a five -second still "snapshot" of an image, complete with audio. Digital image stabilization helps to compensate for slight hand movements. Price: $2199.

It's A Snap! Sharp ViewCam Able to turn a video image into a still photograph at the touch of a button, the VideoSnap from Sansui, Inc. (1290 Wall Street West, Lyndhurst, NJ 07071) lets users capture images from any video source. The device takes the video images from a camcorder, VCR, satellite dish, or TV broadcast and prints it as a Polaroid photograph. Price: $799.95.

Ouch! In an attempt to make videogames even more exciting, Aura Systems, Inc. (2335 Alaska Avenue, El Segundo, CA 90245) has introduced the Interactor. Dubbed a "virtual-reality vest," the device adds the sensation of feeling to video games. The Interactor is worn over the upper torso. An electromagnetic actuator within the vest creates "body- pulsing vibrations" that are keyed to on- screen action. Controls allow the output to be fine-tuned from a feather touch to intense pounding. It can also be used to add a new dimension to other sound sources. 60 Aura System's Interactor Price: $90.

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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com LEGO for the 1990's The Lego Dacta Control Lab As we grow older and more mature, it's nice to see that things we remember from our childhood have matured along with us.

BY MARC SïPIWAK

Most of us have grown up a lot they were still fun to play with. Some of Lego Dacta, the Education Division of quicker than we ever the more deluxe Lego sets included the Lego Group (555 Taylor Road, thought we would. It's unfor- specialized parts that added new di- Enfield, CT 06083 -1600; Tel. tunate, too, that once we leave ado- mensions of motion and a more 800 -527 -8339), contains everything lescence, we seem to loose touch finished appearance to projects. you need to build a greenhouse proj- with the toys we played with as kids. However, none of us would have ever ect, a dynamometer, a pick -and- As an example, we'd be willing to imagined the capabilities of today's place robot arm, a color -code read- bet that almost every reader of this Lego. er, motorized bridges, and much magazine has played with a Lego set more. The only thing that's not in- at one time or another. Lego building Today's Lego. Lego has always been cluded in the Control Lab is a PC or blocks are instantly recognizable an excellent tool for helping children Macintosh computer to control the worldwide. Even adults like to play develop manual dexterity and me- projects. with Lego (when they're lucky enough chanical concepts. Now, Lego is also The heart of the Control Lab is the to have the time). an excellent way to learn how to use interface unit that connects to the se- Most of the Lego sets we remember computers and software to control rial port of a computer. Software load- contained lots of fairly plain blocks mechanical devices. ed on the host computer communi- 64 that left much to the imagination, but The Control Lab Starter Pack from cates with that interface, to which

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com various electronic parts are connected. Half of the interface's front panel contains ports for connecting input devices such as sensors for tern - perature, touch, angle, and light. The eight input ports are labeled 1 -8. The other half of the front panel has ports for output devices such as motors, lamps, and sound elements. The output ports are labeled A-H. We worked with the No. 943 Control Lab Starter Pack intended for use with a PC. There's also a No. 942 Control Lab Starter Pack for use with a Macin- tosh. The PC requirements are DOS 3.1 The heart of the Control Lab is the interface unit, which connects to the serial port of or greater, 640K RAM (although 1 a computer. The left half of the interface's front panel contains ports for connecting megabyte is recommended), a input devices (sensors) and the right half is for output devices (motors, lamps, etc.). mouse, a hard disk, an EGA or better monitor, and one available serial port. and power is supplied to it almost as if The Mac requirements are System 6.0 by magic. You'll have to play with or higher, 1 megabyte of RAM, Finder them yourself to see what we mean. 6.0 or higher, a hard disk, and a free serial port. Sights and Sounds. One of the most Both the No. 942 and No. 943 Con- interesting parts in the set is a tiny trol Labs carry an individual license sound element about the size of a and a price tag of $599. Two other 2 x 2 Lego block. It has a square base packages include the same materials for its electrical connections, and a for Mac's and PC's, but with a site li- swiveling round top. The serial inter- cense, for $750. While the pricing face has one test connector on it that This tiny sound element makes a beeping might seem steep at first, keep in mind can be used to power a motor, lamp, noise when current flows in one direction that the labs are intended for a class- or sound element with no help from and a warbling sound when the current the computer. With the interface unit room environment, to be paid for by a is reversed. It will also change sounds if school rather than an individual. How- you twist its top 180 °. powered up, and the sound element ever, should an individual want to pur- pressed onto the test connector, the chase a Control Lab for his own use, specially shaped electrical contacts element will beep repeatedly. If you we're sure that the price tag will seem on each bump on top and in each remove the sound element, turn it reasonable once the lab's ca- hole on bottom. Those blocks allow 180 °, and push it back on, it will make pabilities are realized. DC power to be connected to a part a warbling sound. in any position, and it is impossible to Similarly, if you leave the sound ele- Lots of Parts. In addition to enough short anything out. You just press one ment in the same position, and simply documentation for an entire class- of the connectors onto an accessory twist its circular top 180 degrees, its room, the Control Lab contains 527 in almost any position, top or bottom, sound output changes. With two dif- pieces including 3 motors, 4 lamps, 1 sound element, l touch sensor, 1 temperature sensor, l light sensor, 2 angle sensors, and plenty of power connectors of different lengths. Two bases are included, so depending on what projects are chosen, it is possible to have a classroom working on Iwo different projects at once. However, only one serial interface is included with the Control Lab, so only one project can be controlled at a time. As interesting as the projects built from the Control Lab are, what's perhaps more interesting is how clever some of the individual Lego components are, and how they're powered. Power is applied to motors and lamps via jumper wires with 2 x 2 Lego The motors have a small drive shaft sticking out of one end onto which wheels, gears, blocks at each end. Each block has belts, propellers, pulleys, or axles can be attached. 65

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Incandescent lamps have colored lenses that can be placed over them to make different colored indicator lights. Also included are reflectors that make the light more focused.

ferent sound outputs, and the ability to switch between them either by re- This greenhouse has a motorized "glass" door that opens and closes, an angle sensor versing current direction (which the to detect the position of the door, and an inside temperature sensor. The door can be serial interface can do under software opened and closed manually or automatically according to the inside temperature control) or by mechanical action, the conditions. The sound element beeps when the door is opening and warbles when it's possibilities for using the sound ele- closing. We added lights and a light sensor. ment are almost endless. For light, four small incandescent the motors from the bottom surface, light receiver built into it and the other lamps are fitted into small 1 x 2 blocks, and the direction a motor rotates de- end has a permanent lead attached. and power can be applied to those pends on the current's polarity. There- Not only can the sensor provide a rel- blocks from the top or bottom. Various fore motion can be reversed under ative indication of the ambient light- colored "lenses" can be placed over computer control. Because the ing on- screen, it will also give a the lamps to make them into dif- motors have Lego bumps and holes, reading of the light reflected off a sur- ferent- colored indicator lights. Also in- top and bottom, they can be used as face placed near the sensor. That al- cluded are reflectors that fit over the structural components in mechanical lows for projects such as color -code lamps to focus their light. assemblies, as can most of the parts in readers. Add an automated conveyor the kit. belt and a robot arm, and you could Motion and Feedback. The three Among the various sensors in- build an automated sorting system! motors included in the set are all the cluded in the Control Lab, one is for But we're getting ahead of ourselves. size of a 4 x 5 block with a small drive measuring temperature. That 2 x 3 The angle sensors, also housed in shaft sticking out of one end. Various Lego block has a temperature probe 2 x 4 blocks, contain a rotating sec- wheels, gears, belts, propellers, sticking out of one end and a perma- tion through which you can slide an pulleys, and axles can be attached to nent lead on the other. When the tem- axle. You and the software can then any drive shaft. Power is supplied to perature sensor is connected to the keep track of the number of shaft ro- serial interface, and the software is up tations as well as the shaft position on and running, an actual temperature any kind of device you build. reading can be displayed on a computer monitor in either Fahrenheit or Software Setup. The software in- Celsius. cluded with the Control Lab is written The touch sensor is really just a push- specifically for its intended platform button switch housed in a 2 x 4 Lego (whether PC or Mac). Even so, the PC block with a permanent lead at- version that we used has a definite tached. The edges of the button are Mac look to it, indicating that the sys- tapered to enable cam -action tem was originally designed for a Mac switching. Also, an axle can be and ported over to the PC. However, pushed into a hole at the end of the by no means is the software difficult to button to extend the switch's reach. use on a PC, and we had no problems Under software control, the state of with it. the switch can be displayed on- The main screen resembles the the serial interface. The light sensor can provide a relative screen. front panel of indication of the ambient lighting and a An unusual light sensor is housed in Icons are grouped on both sides of reading of the light reflected off a a 2 x 4 Lego block. One end of the the display for input and output de- 66 surface placed near the sensor. sensor has both a light emitter and (Continued on page 89)

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com Buying USED Test Equipmen

Do you want a top -notch test bench that won't break your budget? Try using our helpful tips to hunt for bargain - priced used units.

BY GERARD C.A. FONTE

Bwilding and testing modern a whole range of used -equipment sure that it is complete and works electronic devices requires dealers. At the high -end are "leasers." properly. They usually provide a 30- sophisticated test equipment. They sell previously leased equip- day warranty. Basically, the warranty Unfortunately, such equipment is too ment. Such equipment is virtually new says that the instrument works al- expensive for most hobbyists to afford. and often comes in original packag- though it may not meet original - However, with prudent shopping and ing with full warranties. They sell at equipment specifications. They typ- a little effort, pieces of equipment 20% to 40% off list. That's not a bad ically handle older equipment, too. can be purchased used for as little as deal, but going from $4000 to $3000 Often the older equipment is perfect 10% of their original price. isn't enough of a difference for most for hobbyists. Prices usually start at Besides saving money, there's an- of us. 60% off list and can go as low as 90% other reason for buying used goods: Then there are the "re- calibrators." off list. quality /performance. Used high -end They sell used equipment guaran- The last group are the "salvagers." gear can be purchased for the same teed to meet original- equipment They buy electronic equipment as price as low-end new pieces. So you specifications. For a complex instru- scrap (by the pound). They cull out get significantly better performance ment, calibration may be a necessity; equipment that just looks like it's in and specifications for the same however, hobbyists generally don't good shape and sell it. Of course, their money. need fully calibrated equipment. Ad- prices are very low. They almost ex- What's more, used equipment has a ditionally, calibration can often be clusively sell older equipment. Offen history. The fact that it is available after performed by the hobbyist with inex- their approach is: "If it lights up and ten years or so is a testament to its pensive standards and common tools doesn't smoke or blow a fuse, it must durability. (more on that later). There is a sub- be working." Be prepared to do some stantial cost involved in buying cali- work on equipment purchased from What To Expect. It is very important brated equipment. Calibrated equip- salvagers. On the other hand, if you to realize that used -equipment deal- ment can cost about twice that of are willing and able to do the work, ers generally only handle name - uncalibrated equipment. Re -cal- amazing prices can be found. For brand test equipment. You'll find lots ibrators deal in equipment older than older pieces of equipment, prices of Tektronix, Hewlett/Packard, and the leasers. The prices in the re -cal- start at 85% off list and go down from other big names. You won't find Eico, ibrator group tend to be about 40% to there. Typically, all sales are final, so Heath, or other hobbyist -level brands. 60% off list depending on age. War- bear that in mind. The basic reason is that such dealers ranties can be from several months to By the way, remember that used sell to industry. Industry wants com- up to a year. equipment is sold on a first -come first - mercial equipment and not hobbyist The next group are the "re- sellers." served basis. The dealer may only gear. Finally, the hobbyist equipment They buy equipment from bankrupt have one or two of the items that are often ages poorly, so it does not pro- businesses, the government, and sur- listed. Once these units have been vide re-sellers with much profit. plus- equipment sources. Normally, sold, the dealer may not be able to The first thing to know is that there is they examine the equipment to make get any more. 67

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com 10 or more years of experience because they are more likely to have used the very equipment you are looking for. They can also provide you with insights and good /bad points about equipment. Visit trade schools, colleges, ham - fests, and electronics businesses if possible. Offen, older equipment is still in use. If you can examine an instrument to determine your needs, then most of the battle is done. Finally, it may be possible to get information from the equipment dealers themselves. There are a couple of problems with this approach. The first is that they often don't know what a piece of equipment does, so they won't be able to tell you what you need. Second, they are in business to sell equipment; naturally, they may This HP 33/À distortion analyzer cost $295 -less than 10% of the original cost from not be completely objective. Tech systems. It can perform functions equivalent to a spectrum analyzer. What Not to Buy. There are certain What Do You Need? The first thing to journals often provide product eval- types of used equipment (for exam- do is determine what you need. Are uations and comparisons. They might ple, computers and most digital your needs analog or digital? Audio also be found in your local library. equipment) that won't come close to or RF? What do you expect to need in Often a close -up picture of a unit's matching the specifications and the future? front panel can provide good insights price of modern units. It doesn't make Second, you must decide what you about its capabilities. Look carefully. sense to buy a ten -year -old computer

can spend. If you're like me, what I For example, if the oscilloscope pho- that needs obsolete software and op-

want and what I can afford are never tograph you are looking at doesn't erates at 10% the speed of a modern the same. have a second attenuator section, it PC. So be sure to thoroughly examine Then comes the hard part. You probably isn't a two- channel os- the currently available products be- have to translate what you need into cilloscope. fore buying used digital equipment. a manufacturer's model number - Talk with people in the electronics Many times what you need will be typically an obsolete one. Almost all business. Especially those who have available new, with comparable of the used test equipment is defined by manufacturer's model number only. Only sometimes will you find a sentence or Iwo describing each unit. That brings us to Rule 1: If you are not sure of exactly what it is, don't buy it! There are several ways of finding out what model number you need. One of the best ways is to blanket all of the used -equipment dealers with general inquiries to get their price lists and descriptions. By studying and combining the descriptions you can usually get a feel for the basic specifications of an instrument. The Tucker Electronics Company is a great resource for such information. They have a huge inventory and their catalog actually has whole para- graphs describing most instruments. Another source is old catalogs. A ten - year old Tektronix or Hewlett /Packard catalog will provide incredible as- sistance. Check libraries, colleges, The Fluke 8800A was a great huy at $295 from Naptech. Its 51/2-digit readout can 68 and friends for them. Also, technical resolve microvolts and milliohms. It came with a manual and a 6 -month warranty.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com specifications at a comparable price, albeit not from Hewlett Packard or Tektronix. Be especially careful when shopping for frequency counters, logic analyzers, printers, plotters, and the like. There are sources of new equipment that provide comparable performance and prices. Also, be careful about purchasing mechanical devices, or equipment that contains them. They can wear out over time and might need a complete overhaul to be useful.

Calibration: Do You Need it? Sometimes, calibration may be worth the price for peace -of -mind only. A calibrated instrument is guaranteed to meet factory specifications. Effec- tively, the unit is working as new. This is important to many people. If it is, then buy a calibrated unit. However, re- This is typical of the appearance of the signal generators as reccrrt y They had clearly member that the unit will not stay cali- been stored for a long time (over /3 -years judging from the calibration stickers). brated forever. Getting it re -calibrated can be awkward and expen- and repair the instrument. It should I see that they have a 465M (100 -MHz, sive. include schematics and technical 2- channel) unit for $895 and a Truthfully, most hobbyists (and even descriptions. With that information, Tektronix 465 (with dual timebase) for engineers) don't really need fully cali- the unit can be repaired (even if you $995. In their special non -calibrated brated devices because they rarely yourself can't repair it). Otherwise, re- flyer, they have a 200 -MHz Hewlett need the precision. For example, do pair would be difficult or maybe im- Packard 1710B for $895. you really care if the frequency re- possible. There is quite a non -calibrated se- sponse of your digital meter only ex- Unfortunately, documentation is not lection from re- sellers. For example, tends to 290 kHz instead of 300 kHz? always included with an instrument. Tech Systems sells the same HP 465 for What most users need is repeatability The dealers buy equipment, not man- $695 and a HP 1740A (100 -MHz 2- and reliability. That is: if you measure uals, so it simply may not be available. channel) unit for $ 795. They also have the same thing at different times the If that is the case, be prepared to a Tektronix 454 (150 -MHz, 2- channel) instrument should read the same. spend some more time and effort to instrument for $595. Danbar Sales In addition, calibration of the major obtain the documentation. Don't wait, Company sells the HP 1740A for $500, aspects of most test instruments can because documentation becomes the Tek 465 for $ 725, the Tek 465B for be performed without too much cost more difficult to get as time passes. $825, and a whole lot more. Naptech or effort at home. For example, a sim- That is especially true for the less -well- sells the Tek 465 for $ 700, the HP 1740A ple precision voltage reference can known brands. Sometimes the man- for $600 and a Tek 475 (a 200 -MHz be used to calibrate meters. A fre- ufacturer can provide what you need device) for $995. quency generator can be used to test (for a nominal charge). A salvager, Cadisco, has the Tek 454 the response of an oscilloscope. A lit- (capable of 150 -MHz operation) for tle effort and ingenuity can provide An Example. Let's say that I need a $595 and the Tek 475 (a 200 -MHz os- you with the assurance that your 100 -MHz oscilloscope. If I look for new cilloscope) for $895. piece of test equipment is operating equipment, I'll find them starting at This exercise shows a number of as well as you need it to. That is what around $1300. So for this exercise, let's things. First of all, there is a wide varia- really matters. look at what can be purchased for tion in price from dealer to dealer. That doesn't mean that you $1000 and also how cheap a 100 -MHz Second, slight changes in model shouldn't be concerned about cal- oscilloscope can be. number can make a significant ibration. Calibration goes hand -in- You should be careful about buying change in price and performance. hand with repairing damaged equip- oscilloscopes. There are some "main- Third, not every dealer has every in- ment, and repair is an important issue. frames" that are incomplete without strument. That means that sometimes Since most hobbyists repair their own plug -in modules. Look carefully for you must compare apples and or- equipment, you must try to get as phrases like "plug -in's extra" or "main- anges. In order to do this mean- much documentation as possible. An frame only." Remember Rule 1: If you ingfully, you mustknow the differences operator /service manual should al- are not sure of exactly what it is, don't between the instruments. The dealers ways be requested. It can provide in- buy it. don't always know them. formation on how to use, calibrate, Starting with Tucker (a re- calibrator), Also note that the prices are not 69

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com always fixed. That is especially true for the smaller dealers. If you can show them that a competitor is selling the same item for less, if you are going to buy more than one item, or are associated with a school, etc. they might drop their price. Remember, they are out to make money. If they can make a profit in dealing with you, then you can dicker from strength.

The Proof Is in the Eating. Recently it became necessary for me to upgrade my engineering lab with some

specialized equipment. I was getting involved in precision audio and gen-

eral- purpose RF design. I was looking for a high -precision VOM, audio and RF spectrum analyzers, RF signal generators, and a frequency counter with The inside of the 608D showed a lot of corrosion. That was probably due to its use in a a ratio function. I wanted all of that for salty environment by the Navy. There were some mechanical problems too, but they under $2000. were minor. Unfortunately, the spectrum ana- The lyzers were still too expensive; they all banana -plug sockets for the test documentation. documentation well -worn, however. The included operating instructions and cost well over a thousand each. I leads were of operation, but had no cal- compromised by buying the inexpen- leads that I had on hand (none were theory sive "Poor Man's Spectrum Analyzer" supplied) were very loose and would ibration procedures or technical It a 30-day warranty kit (from Science Workshop, PO. Box fall out easily. I bought a new set at schematics. had reason 310, Bethpage, NY 11714; Tel. Radio -Shack for $5.00 and they fit ac- and a 10 -day return -for -any- 516 -731 -7628) for the RF analyzer (for ceptably well. The unit came with a right.

I volt /ohmmeter more about the kit, see Ham Radio in power cord and 16 pages of Xeroxed found a precision They had the October 1992 issue of Popular that fit the bill from Naptech. It is a 51/2 Electronics). For the audio -spectrum Used -Equipment Suppliers a Fluke 8800A for only $195. digit multimeter! Its basic DC ac- analyzer, I purchased some FFT soft- curacy is about 0.005% which pro- ware and am building a 16 -bit analog Cadisco Electronics (514 -516 Ensor St., I've used to digital converter for my PC. Baltimore, MD 21202; Tel. 410- 685 -1893): vides 1 micro -volt resolution. Salvager. All sales final. Small company, that model before, and new it was However, I still needed something to small flyer with a few pictures. Payment very nice. test precision audio circuits while I de- must accompany order. i! I got the meter 3 days after or- velop my spectrum analyzer. For that, I settled on a distortion analyzer that Danbar Sales Company, (870 W. Cienega dered it. Other than a little dust, it was Ave. Suite 1, San Dimas, CA 91773; Tel. in perfect shape. It came complete could also be used to calibrate my 909 -592- 2940): Re- seller, 90 -day warranty. with a power cord and the original home-brew audio spectrum analyzer. Re- conditioned and cleaned units. Family- nice /Mas- operator /service manual. There was a I searched and found an HP 331A operated company, catalog. Visa right in from Tech Systems for $295. That was terCard /COD. 10 -day return- for-any- reason warranty! It was about $100 cheaper than any other Naptech Test Equipment (PO. Box 30, addition to a 6 -month dealer. The HP 331A is a very standard 12312 Hwy. 175, Cobb, CA 95426; Tel. a very good bargain. 707 -928 -1961): Re-seller, 6 month warranty, analyzer that's been around for a long I couldn't find any used frequency 10 day return. Rent, lease, extended warran- time. It boasts a full -scale reading of counter that matched the specifica- ty options. Small company, small flyer with- tions of the new Optoelectronics 0.1 %. That means that readings down out pictures. COD. NE to nearly 0.01% 80 dB) are possible. 3000A (from Optoelectronics, 5821 (- Tech -Systems (RO. Box 158, Avon, NJ 14th Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33334; Tel. It can also double as an RMS volt- 07717; Tel. 800- 435 -1516): Re- seller, 30 day -5912, 305 -771 -2050), which is meter. Just for reference, the HP 334A warranty, 10 day return. Nice catalog with 800 -327 - I bought. It has a ten (with auto null, RF detector, and a some pictures. Visa/MasterCard/COD. what eventually display, and measures from DC slightly extended frequency range) Toronto Surplus and Scientific (596 Gordon digit has currently sells new for $3810. Baker Rd., Willowdale, Ontario Canada M2H to 3 GHz with 0.2 ppm stability, and 3B4; Tel. 416-490 -8865): No real informa- ratio capability all for $379. The used The unit I received was in reason- tion available. No catalog available now. I a limited frequency ably good shape. It had clearly been ones saw all had Visa. lesser stability. mounted in a rack. The top was well - range and scratched, the feet and the cosmetic Tucker Electronics Company (RO. Box The RF signal generators are a 551419, Dallas, TX 75355; Tel. mounting -ear covers were gone. Of whole story in themselves. I needed 800 -527 -4642): Re- calibrator mostly. Great cheap to generate a wide course, that has nothing to do with catalog, big company. Visa/MasterCard /COD something 93) 70 performance and is clearly minor. The (Continued on page

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ANTIQUE RADIO

By Marc Ellis or those who may have parts out of sheet brass and ings covering that just joined us, we're in wire, you can substitute apparatus: They include the process of building a modern and /or reproduc- cutting patterns for the simple crystal set from plans tion parts as necessary. crystal clip and "cat's whis- originally developed by the To review what's been dis- ker" rod holder, as well as a National Bureau of Stan- cussed and accomplished view showing how those Putting dards In the early 1920's. so far, check your back parts are bent, assembled, Designed to be inexpensive copies of the column. This and arranged to form the Together The and easy -to- build, yet effi- project was first introduced complete detector stand. cient, the set helped make in the January 1994 issue, According to the text of NBS Set broadcast radio accessible then continued in April and the NBS article, the crystal even to folks with limited May. clip is to be cut and filed pocketbooks. from No. 24 spring brass INFO FOR THE sheet. "All brass sheet must ANTENNA DIEHARDS be bent with caution," the .47 Last month, we corn - article warns, 'the bends GROUN , -w pleted the NBS set's tuning being made slowly and coil -which is the only part kept well- rounded." The rod i r that will be handmade in holder is cut and filed from D ;Nd- my version of the radio. We similar material "so that the A also passed along, for the grain of the metal runs with diehards, original drawings the narrow tongue." and construction informa- No diameter is given for tion for the two required six - the "cars whisker" rod (la- position tap switches. (My beled as "g" in the diagram c 5 -11. version uses a couple of six - of the complete stand). But, a position rotaries from Radio judging by the 3/32 -inch :: 3 :: Shack.) openings laid out in the rod ...... 3 Now here's some data for holder, 1/16 inch would be _.!t < : those adventurers who'd about right. If your rod has B like to build their own crys- a different diameter, you'll tal- detector stand from the want to adjust the rod hold- E E - i -- original NBS plans. Note er openings accordingly. ....,,,,.. r .'- that I've shown three draw- The knob at the end of the + 4 ,,+

HEADPHONES The plan view from the original construction article shows the placement of the front panel and major components.

Every part of this radio was designed to be fab- ricated with simple hand tools, even the switches and crystal holder. So if you have the time and the patience, you won't have to worry about finding vintage parts to make your set authentic. You can build them

all! But if you're like me and Here's ,ny version of the NBS set almost ready for wiring. Wide - lack both the time and the flange 1920's knobs cover countersunk holes (see text) and lend a inclination to craft small vintage appearance to the modern switches. 71

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com headset connections are tary switches, as I am, all mounted. I've included a you have to do right now is

plan view from the original drill holes for the shafts. I article showing how the drilled mine 11/2 inches panel and other compo- down from the top and 11/4 nents are mounted on the inches in from each edge. breadboard. The commercial switches The panel is secured to are designed to be I g2/LL, the breadboard by a cou- mounted on metal panels 8-32 (WW1 ple of wood screws running no more than 1/8 -inch or so up through the bottom. But thick, so their threaded Here's the cutting, bending, and drilling guide for the scratch - before mounting it, provi- mounting shafts won't ex- built crystal clip. sion should be made for tend out through the front of our 1/2-inch panel. To rod is a cylinder cut from remedy this, countersink insulating material and each shaft hole with a 5/8- drilled for a press fit. inch hole drilled in from the The cat's whisker itself "... is front of the panel. Make it an 8 -inch length of fine deep enough so that you springy wire wrapped 20 can capture the mounting times evenly around the rod shaft with the nut, but be g,' and secured by a drop careful not to go all the of solder h,' so positioned way through the panel! that when the rod is placed fr You'll notice from the in the holder the lateral plan view that the front movement will be equal to panel is rabbeted out (if the diameter of the crystal." that's the right term) for a Amazingly enough, the box -type cover intended to

NBS article leaves the con- conceal the tuning coil. I structor to his own devices SCPEk guess that would give the when it comes to the Dy2/LL, 8 32 set a much more finished

galena crystal itself. Appar- The cutting and drilling guide for the scratch -built "cat's appearance. However, I ently, the use of a whisker" rod holder is shown here. opted for the quainter (and purchased, mounted crys-

tal is condoned although I on a wood foundation con- have seen instructions, in sisting of a 51/2 x 8 -inch other sources, for taking a "breadboard" on which is piece of the raw galena mounted a 51/2-inch-wide, mineral and setting it in a 41/2-inch-high control panel. mounting cast from Monel (The original specifications metal. called for the panel to be

I'm using a commercially 31/2-inches high, but I made available detector stand in mine a little taller because my version of the radio. Two the tuning coil-which is sources for the stand-as mounted directly behind well as for other reproduc- it- turned out to be taller tion parts (including the than the original.) mounted galena crystal) The breadboard is cut that you might want to use from a piece of 3/4-inch Here's the completed scratch -built crystal stand all ready for were recommended in a stock. Half -inch stock was mounting. See the text for details. previous column. But for specified for the panel -so

your convenience, I'll re- I cut that from a piece of installation of the two tap easier to obtain) look of an peat them here. They are: scrap door jamb, of about switches. A drawing of the exposed coil. After prepar-

Antique Electronic Supply the right thickness, that I front -panel layout was ing the front panel for the

(6221 S. Maple Ave., Tempe happened to have on shown last month for the mounting of the switches, I AZ 85283) and Antique Au- hand. benefit of those who are secured it to the base- dio (5555 N. Lamar, H -105, The panel is mounted fabricating their own con- board. And just to give the Austin, TX 78751). across the short dimension trols. wood a little color, as well of the breadboard about Your scratch -built switches as to provide a little bit of

CARPENTRY 21/2 inches back -leaving a should be installed on the protection, I treated all sur- CONCERNS small "shelf" on which the panel at this time. But if faces with a coat of light 72 The NBS crystal set is built crystal- detector stand and you're using commercial ro- walnut stain /sealer.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com VCR PREPARATION FOR If you're using a commer- Cross Reference WIRING cial stand, as I am, place it After the stain has dried, on the right side of the NOW Find the right Part you can begin to prepare board just in front of the for your VCR the radio for wiring. First, if control panel. Orient it so you're using commercial that the operating rod is at switches, go ahead and at- the front of the set and VCß tach them to the panel. observe the location of the Aefe r+ Next, turn your attention stand's binding posts or ps to the 12 twisted -loop taps Fahnestock clips. Note, and N.a ' >k that you placed in the coil mark, the appropriate loca- as you were winding it. tions for wires from these Each one will have to be connections to pass sanded or scoured with through to the underside of steel -wool to remove the the board. Then drill holes enamel coating from the at these locations to pass r,,,,144° wire. Otherwise, you won't your hookup wire. The de- be able to make proper tector stand can now be solder connections. Be pa- fastened to the board. .., ,;.,.,. M tient and be sure to remove Now you have to decide all (or at least most) of the what to use for binding With the coating from each tap. posts. You'll need four: one ISCET VCR You'll also recall that the each for the antenna and bottom cover of the coil ground, and two for the CROSS RFFFRFIV (which was originally the headphones. The original This 270 -page reference contains is top cover of the Quaker design simply a brass ma- both model and part- number cross- Oats canister) was placed chine screw passed up references updated to include 1992 in position, but not yet through the board and fas- units. glued on. Remove it now, tened with a nut. About 1/4 VCR's are made in a few factories center it in the space inch of the screw protrudes be- from which hundreds of different hind the control panel, and above the nut, and a brand names and model numbers fasten it down (flange up, of knurled brass thumb -nut identify cosmetically- changed iden- course) with three or four from a discarded dry cell is tical and near -identical manufactured thumb -tacks placed inside, threaded onto that to cap- units. Interchangeable parts are very around the periphery. ture the wire. common. An exact replacement part Next, you're ready to Discarded dry cells are may be available only a few minutes mount the coil permanently hard to come by today, away from you even though the by gluing it into the cover. and they don't seem to manufacturer supplier is out -of- stock. You may be able to cannibalize scrap But before sliding the glue - have the neat little brass units at no cost! coated coil bottom into thumb -nuts anymore. The

place, make sure the coil is last ones I saw had molded The ISCET VCR Cross Reference oriented so that the wiring plastic ones. In any case, is pre -punched for standard loose - to it won't be tangled. Keep those little nuts don't cap- leaf binding. . .$38.00 plus $3.00 for shipping for each Reference. in mind that a set of wires ture the tips on the end of from the "stacked" set of six headphone cords very well. Claggk Inc. switch taps (see last month's So I opted to use VCR CROSS REFERENCE OFFER

column and plan view) will Fahnestock clips. I had P.Q. Box 4099 be run to one of the switch- them on hand, they are Farmingdale, New York 11735 es, while a set of wires from authentic for the era, and Name the "staggered" set will be they provide a much more Business run to the other. secure electrical contact. Address If you have scratch -built See you next month City your crystal-detector stand, when we'll finish the wiring, State - Zip the plan view of the radio hook up the NBS set to a Phone Enclose $38.00 for the Third Edition of the ISCET will show you how the parts good antenna and ground, VCR Cross Reference and $3.00 for shipping for each should be oriented on the and see what happens! Till Reference. The total amount of my order is $ breadboard. Drill the holes then, send your comments Check enclosed -do not send cash. for the mounting screws and questions to me c/o or please charge my credit card. Visa MasterCard Exp. Date /_/ the parts now. Antique Radio, Popular and attach Card No. But leave the screws loose; Electronics, 500 -B Bi -Coun- Signature wires will be fastened under ty Blvd., Farmingdale, NY New York State residents must add applicable local tax to total. them later. 11735. Lsales J 73

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com COMPUTER BITS

By Jeff Holtzman Software -wise, 1993 end- basically a bus, just like the devices (each of which ed with a real bang in expansion bus in your PC, may have hundreds of sub - the PC industry. We saw along with a software pro- devices, although that major new releases of tocol that allows devices to capability is seldom used). some of today's very best communicate over the bus SCSI is also available in It May Not Be applications, including Mi- in an orderly fashion. It's "fast" and "wide" versions crosoft's Word for Windows been around a long time; with rip- roaring perfor- Sexy -But It 6.0, ShapeWare's Visio 2.0, an early version of it even mance.

along with some fantastic predates the PC. It is and Anyway, I chose SCSI, and Sure Is SCSI "how- come -no- one -ever- has been for a long time have been thankful ever

thought -of- this -before" util- the expansion interface for since that I did. During the ities, such as Bookmaker's the Macintosh; it's also pop- three or four years that I've - ClickBook, as well as work ular in engineering been using it, I have gradu- a -day yet indispensable workstations. In recent years ally added more and more

device drivers, like Corel it has gained increasing devices, so that now I am

SCSI Version 2. Originally I popularity on the PC plat- running three hard disks planned to talk about some form. and one CD -ROM drive off A Corn !SCSI I ools for Windows couple of years ago, a single SCSI host adapter. Device 1Yatus Maintenance Ddiny Help just before the IDE (Inte- Getting to this point, how- grated Drive Electronics) ever, has been something Device Wort/Wien SCSI Addreet interface took off, it be- of a roller- coaster ride. Logical nerve. Drive F ASPI host 0 J1j Vendor name. NEC SCSI id. 3 came clear that the we: Produaneme CD-ROM DRN'E.83 SCSI Ion 0 traditional hard -disk inter- PRE -WINDOWS Device type. CDROM device (0x05)

face used by most PC's Originally I had one 150 - Other Information since IBM introduced the AT MB Micropolis hard disk. This Mode Advanced was dead. At that time was the time just before loglle. none there were Iwo choices for Windows 3.0 was intro- Date- Monday, January 03, 1994 Tine 1029 PM high -performance disk induced; at that point, 150 CORELSCSr terfaces: ESDI and SCSI. MB seemed like it would last Even at that time, SCSI's forever. Of course, things advantages seemed indis- didn't work out that way.

Corr) SCSI lets you loud up a .single SCSI adapter cat-d with (IS putable to me, so I stuck my Within a few months I was mane as seven peripherals, which may include hard disks, CD- neck out and made a running Stacker, which ROM drives, printers, scanners, and more. For the best deal, commitment to SCSI. Since brought space up to about but it with a SCSI card. then, ESDI has all but died, 250 MB (you never really but in its place arose the get twice as much space of the new software good- IDE standard. The good from those types of disk ies this month, but in the thing about IDE is cost; the compression programs). But process of trying to install bad thing is its very limited even that began to fill up,

everything, I ran out of disk expandability: a maximum so after another year or so I

space. The way I resolved of two devices can be con- added a second hard that problem is a story in nected across an IDE drive, this time a 120 -MB itself. So this month we'll do interface. In addition, get- unit from Maxtor. Of course, SCSI; watch for discussions ting IDE drives from several by then, drive prices were of some of the other soft- manufacturers to work to- less than half of what they

ware products in the gether can be tricky. were when I got the original upcoming months. In the Further, until very recently, Micropolis.

meantime, they're all highly IDE drives were limited in I had a weird problem recommended. Now let's size to 512 MB. getting that setup to work, get to the topic for this SCSI too has suffered one that had nothing to do month. cross- manufacturer com- with SCSI, but everything to First of all, if you don't patibility problems, but it do with magnetism. The Mi- know what SCSI is, it's an has never suffered from the cropolis drive puts out a acronym for Small Comput- size limitations of IDE, and it strong magnetic field that

74 er System Interface. It's supports as many as seven drove the Maxtor crazy. I

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com r tested things outside the the pin l's aligned with the FUN WITH case, where they worked striped edge of the cable, I fine, but inside, with the two powered up the system. The ELECTRONICS drives stacked vertically, the BIOS chip on my SCSI

Maxtor kept freaking out. adapter recognized the Cl 160 -COIL DESIGN & CONSTRUCTION MANUAL After I figured out what the new devices, but I couldn't .... S5.95. How to make RF, IF, It problem was, I rearranged get at them through DOS. audio and power coils; chokes transformers. Practically my SCSI and the drives in the case, and turned out that every possible type is dis- everything is now fine. adapter needed a firm- cussed. Another year passed; ware upgrade. space was continually tight, A few days later the new and I was continually, it chips arrived, and I shortly PCP1 3 -THE PC MUSIC O. seemed, grooming the two had access to all three HANDBOOK ... S13.95. a hard disks. Note that this Learn the basics of computer drives, trying to squeeze music systems. For the pro- few megabytes out wherev- multi -drive access is a trans- fessional musician, gifted amateur or just plain curious. er I could. Clearly, that was parent, built -in feature; I a waste of time; there was don't have to load any spe- nothing to do but go cial device drivers to get it 13P297- LOUDSPEAK- ERS FOR MUSICIANS .... beyond the magical Iwo - to work. Any reputable SCSI 58.25. Loudspeaker design drive limit. After doing some host adapter BIOS has this from the musician's point of view! All you need to know, research, I multi -drive support built in. settled on an- and you should be able to de- other Maxtor, this time a All other PC standards max sign your own after reading this. 345 -MB unit, which I picked out at two. In short, that is up for less than a dollar per the reason to go SCSI: ex- megabyte. In contrast, the pandability. BP277 -HIGH POWER AUDIO AMPLIFIER CON- original Micropolis cost Next came the CD -ROM STRUCTION .... $6.25. Here's around $5 /MB; the first Max- drive. It does, unfortunately, background and practical design information on high power tor, about $2.50/MB. Now require a device driver; two, audio amplifiers capable of 300 ± 400 wafts t m.s. You'll $1 in fact. That's the bad news. we're down to /MB at the find MOSFET and bipolar out- retail level, in just about any The good news is they work, put transistors in inverting and non -inverting circuits. capacity. In other words, pretty much transparently. you no longer have to buy So now I've got three hard gigabyte -size drives to at- drives and one CD -ROM 1 BP302 -A CONCISE tain the best cost -per- working off one controller. USER'S GUIDE TO LOTUS 1 -2-3 RELEASE 3.1 .... S6.25. megabyte level. That feat is well -nigh impos- If you are a PC user and want to upgrade to Lotus 1 -2 -3 re- sible with any other PC lease 3.1, this book can teach INSTALLATION WOES device interface. you how to do that in the shortest and most effective way. SCSI liter- I ordered the drive from a Corel supports

mail -order source I found in ally hundreds of SCSI -based I I BP298-A CONCISE IN- I Computer Shopper. It ar- devices, including not only TRODUCTION TO THE MAC- rived without mounting rails hard drives and CD -ROM INTOSH SYSTEM AND FINDER .... S6.25. This intro- and connectors. So then I drives, but also printers, duction for those new to the scanners, CD -ROM writers, Mac, this book also serves as had to locate a local com- a quick refresher for experi- puter store that wasn't and more. The package enced owners tha' have not used the machine in some going to take me to the includes a raft of mostly time. cleaners over a couple forgettable utilities that oc- pieces of sheet metal and cupy around 6 MB of hard - MAIL TO Electronic Technology Today, Inc. P.O. Box 24C I disk space; the essential some screws. Fortunately, Massapequa Park, NY 11762 -0240 had some extra 50 -pin drivers use less than 100K. SHIPPING CIMRGES IN USA AND CANADA header connectors left over Although available sepa-

$0.01 to $5.00 .. $1.50 $30.01 to $40.00 . $5.50 from some old project. I rately, the software is often

to $10.00 . $2.50 $40.01 to $50.00 . $6.50 squeezed a couple on the bundled with SCSI host $5.01 $10.01 to $20.00 . $3.50 $50.01 and above .$8,00

SCSI bus cable, one for the adapter cards at extremely $20.01 to $30.00 . $4.50 new hard drive, and one for attractive prices. SORRY, No orders accepted outside of USA and Canada the CD -ROM drive I had Total price of merchandise S been running off a pseudo - Vendor Information Shipping (see chart) S SCSI interface on my sound Subtotal S Corel SCSI ($129) card, a Media Vision Pro Sales Tax (NYS only) S Corel Corporation Total Enclosed S Audio Spectrum 16. 1600 Carling Avenue After carefully mounting Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Name and installing everything, K1Z 8R7 Address (800) 836 -SCSI, (613) 728-3733 City - Slate Zip and after ensuring that all 75

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CIRCUIT CIRCUS

By Charles D. Rakes his visit we'll travel to- for this edition of the circus from D.C. Electronics (PO. gether on a circuit is the ULN2429A fluid detec- Box 3203, Scottsdale, AZ quest placing a single spe- tor. 85271 -3203; Tel. cial- purpose IC in as many The ULN2429A was de- 1- 800 -467- 7736). circuit applications as we signed to be used as an The IC features a high - can squeeze into our allot- automotive coolant -level current square -wave output ted space. There's an detector. The IC can also that can be used to drive Fluid almost unlimited number of be used to detect the pres- an LED, an incandescent special -purpose IC's avail- ence or absence of a lamp, or a speaker. The Detectors able to chose from and the number of other liquids. It is output may also be con- one that piqued my interest available for less than $2 verted into a high- current DC voltage to control relays ULN2429 or solenoids. There's an in- SIGNAL OSCILLATOR CAPACITOR REFERENCE ternal voltage regulator 1Ah that allows the IC to oper- DETECTOR INPUT OSCILLATOR OUTPUT ate from a power source of 10 to 16 volts. The IC is also 10 DECOUPLING DE(EC FOß OSCILLATOR CAPACITOR protected from reverse supply- voltage damage and is 11 4 DECOUPLING GROUND temperature compensated. The IC is also not bothered 12 3 DECOUPLING GROUND by high -frequency noise. All -in -all the ULN2429A IC is

vcC N.C. an excellent candidate for our purpose. The IC's block diagram is OUTPUT OUTPUT shown in Fig. 1A and its schematic in Fig. 1B. There A are four basic circuits operating within the IC. Transistor ULN2429A vcc Q5 and the 7 -volt Zener OSCILLATOR DECOUPLING OUTPUT r------1 p13 make up a series voltage - N 07 regulator circuit. Devices s Rt D1 5 11 10 ol4 I 470S2 Q1, Q2, and Q6 operate together as a square -wave oscillator circuit. The os- R9 . cillator's frequency is 4.7K R15 R8 determined by the value of 4.7K 4.7K capacitor connected be- R13 tween terminals 5 and 7. vv. - Q1 22K Q R6 D3 Q3 Transistors Q3 and Q4 oper- 4.7K R14 ate as a simple detector/ 27052 amplifier circuit. Units Q7 R16 and Q8 amplify the de- 7K 1111108 tected signal as either AC D4 s R10 or DC to drive the load R7 4.7K 18K J connected between Q8's 3 6 8 9 12 4 collector and the positive O O O supply. GROUND OSCILLATOR REFERENCE DETECTOR DECOUPLING GROUND OUTPUT INPUT If the circuit is to be oper- NOTE: PIN 2 IS NOT USED B ated in the AC- detection output mode no decoup- Fig. I. As shown in A, the ULN2429A contains four basic ling capacitor is needed circuits: a series voltage -regulator, a square -wave oscillator, a detector /amplifier, and a load driver. The components of those between pins 10 and 11 or pin 12 76 circuits are shown in B. between and

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ground. For the circuit to signal is no longer taken to PARTS LIST FOR THE LOW -LEVEL DETECTOR operate in the DC output ground and is coupled to mode a capacitor is the detector's input at pin 9 SEMICONDUCTORS needed at either or both through a 0.1 -µF capacitor, LEDI- Light -emitting diode decoupling locations. A rel- C3. The signal is detected, Ul- ULN2429A fluid detector, integrated circuit atively small capacitor amplified, and converted CAPACITORS value may be connected to DC with the use of a CI-- -0.01 -4 ceramic -disc between pins 10 and 11 to decoupling capacitor, C2, C2, C3-0.1 -p.F, ceramic -disc remove any AC content between pins 10 and 11. ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS from the output. A larger The DC output turns on the RI -1000 -ohm, %A -watt resistor capacitor may be tied to LED indicating low liquid - a Probe, perfboard, solder., wire, etc. pin 12 and ground to add a level condition. slight turn on /off delay to the DC output. HIGH -LEVEL DETECTOR +12V

The circuit has Iwo os- In the next circuit (see R1 1K cillator outputs. Pin 6 offers Fig. 3), the oscillator is again C2 the maximum output of operating at 2.4 kHz. As LEDI about 3 volts peak -to -peak long as the liquid level is and pin 8's output is buff- above the probes, the LED R2 1,14 13 11 10 ered by an internal 18k remains on, indicating a C3 18K resistor. normal condition. The liquid Our first Iwo circuits will between the two probes show the IC operating as couples the oscillator's out- intended in a level- detec- put to the detector's input. Cl tor circuit. Let's look at them When the liquid level drops .01 right now. below the probes, the signal is lost and the LED turns Fig. 3. The high -level detector keeps the LED on as long as the LOW -LEVEL DETECTOR off. liquid level is above the probes. When the liquid level drops The first level- detector below the probes, the LED turns off. circuit (see Fig. 2) turns on A TOUCH SWITCH LEDI when the liquid level Our first alternate ap- drops below the probe. plication turns the liquid - PARTS LIST FOR THE HIGH -LEVEL DETECTOR Configured as shown, the level detector into a sen- internal oscillator is running sitive touch -activated SEMICONDUCTORS Light -emitting diode at about 2.4 kHz. That is the switch. Shown in Fig. 4, the LEDI- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit IC's recommended operat- circuit kicks the IC into "tur- Ul- ing frequency. With the bo" operation by increasing CAPACITORS probe immersed in the liq- the oscillator's frequency to CI- 0.01 -4 ceramic -disc uid, the oscillator's signal about 250 kHz. The os- C2, C3 0.I -µF, ceramic -disc from pin 8, which must trav- cillator's output is coupled ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS el through the internal 18k through two 39 -pF capaci- RI -1000 -ohm, 1/4-watt. 5% resistor resistor, is coupled to tors to the detector's input. R2- 18,000 -ohm, %J -watt, 5% resistor ground through the liquid. A touch terminal is tied to Probes, perfboard, solder, wire, etc. When the level drops below the junction of the two ca- the probe, the oscillator's pacitors. With nothing -0- +12V TOUCH R3 TERMINAL +12V 10K 4 C2 C3 R1 R2 680pF 39pF 1K 10K C2

1 LEDI 01 2N3904 1,14 13 11 10 C4 39pF 1,14 11 10 C3 LEDI 1 PROBE 11

R1 Cl 1K 680pF

Cl Fig. 4. In the touch -switch circuit, the oscillator's output is sent .01 to the detector's input when nothing is touching the touch terminal. When the plate is touched the detector no longer Fig. 2. Our low -level detector circuit turns on LEDI when the receives enough signal to operate, so the output at pins I and 14 liquid level drops below the probe. go high turning on QI and the LED. 77

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PARTS LIST FOR THE TOUCH SWITCH PARTS LIST FOR THE PROXIMITY SENSOR

SEMICONDUCTORS SEMICONDUCTORS LEDI- Light -emitting diode LEDI- Light -emitting diode UI- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit Ul- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit QI- 2N3904 NPN transistor CAPACITORS CAPACITORS CI, C4 300 -pF, ceramic -disc CI, C2- 680 -pF, ceramic -disc C2- 680-pF, ceramic -disc C3, C4-39-pF, ceramic -disc C3- 39 -pF, ceramic -disc C5- 0.1 -p,F, ceramic -disc ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS RI -1000 -ohm, 1/4-watt, 5% resistor ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS R2, R3- 10,000 -ohm, 'h -watt, 5% resistor RI -1000 -ohm, %J -watt, 5% resistor Touch terminal, pertboard, solder, wire, etc. R2- 500,000 -ohm potentiometer Copper-clad circuit board, pertboard, solder, wire, etc.

touching the touch termi- far as 1 foot away. The nal, the detector receives circuit is very similar to our +12V . the oscillator's signal touch -switch circuit in Fig. 4, R1 C3 through the two capacitors with a couple of compo- C4 2252 .1 A7 1/2 WATT C2 and pins 1 and 14 are low. nent -value changes. The 1 When contact is made with oscillator's frequency is -L-)I the touch plate, the 250 -kHz pushed even higher by re- 1,14 13 signal is heavily loaded to ducing the value of the SPKR1 the point where the detec- tuning capacitor to 300 pF 65I U1 tor no longer receives The coupling capacitor, C4, TWEETER ULN2429A enough signal to operate, is also increased in value to so the output at pins 1 and 300 pF to allow R2 to con- 14 go high, turning on Q1 trol the circuit's sensitivity. and the LED. With the pick -up clear of is turned into an To turn the LED off rather any close -by objects, R4 is Fig. 6. To make a pest repeller, the IC ultrasonic -wave generator. The circuit can be used to discourage than on when the circuit is adjusted to the point where rats, mice, and other pests from coming around. activated remove Q1, R2, the LED just turns on. When R3, and connect the LED the pick-up is approached, and the 1K resistor as shown the capacitance between PARTS LIST FOR THE PEST REPELLER in the output circuit of Fig. 3. ground and the pick -up is increased, reducing the sig- CAPACITORS PROXIMITY SENSOR nal going to the detector CI-- 0.0018 -p.F, 50 -WVDC, Mylar or similar Our next entry (see Fig. 5) circuit and turning off the C2, C3- 0.1 -µF ceramic -disc uses the IC in a sensitive LED. C4 0.47 -1.1,F, ceramic -disc proximity- sensor circuit. ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS Using a 9- x 12 -inch piece PEST REPELLER RI -22 -ohm, 1/2-watt, 5% resistor of circuit board material for In Fig. 6 the IC is turned SPKR1-8 -ohm, tweeter speaker the pick -up sensor, the cir- into an ultrasonic "pest re- Ul- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit cuit can detect a person as peller." A 0.0018 -11F Pertboard, solder, wire, etc.

PICK -UP 1k resistor connected in SENSOR capacitor sets the os- are +12V 9x12 cillator's frequency to about series to pin 5 and circuit C5 = R1 CIRCUIT .1 20 kHz. ground to function as a 1K BOARD C2 C3 A small 8 -ohm tweeter is variable frequency control 680pF 39pF LEDI driven by the circuit's output with a 2 -to-1 range. The in the AC mode of opera- oscillator's frequency- setting I resistor values can be 1,14 11 10 C4 tion. The 22 -ohm capacitor 300pF limits the IC's output current selected to give a continu- { R2 to a safe value. ous range of operation ULN2429A i 500K 1 from 1 Hz to over 250 kHz. SQUAREWAVE Use the component values Cl 300pF GENERATOR shown as a guide in select- Our next circuit (in Fig. 7) ing values for your desired is handy little variable tuning range. The oscillator's Fig. 5. The proximity sensor circuit can detect a person as far as a 1-foot away. It is very similar to the touch switch circuit back in square -wave generator. A output level can be varied 100k potentiometer and a 90) 78 Fig. 4 with only a couple of component -value changes. (Continued on page

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ELECTRONICS MARKET PLACE

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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com DX LISTENING

By Don Jensen I like to the largest South American is limited to the hours of Periodically,focu§ this column on a country, Brazil, speaks darkness. There often are particular area of the world. Portuguese. In three small- high static levels, especially This month, lets look at ish countries on the in summer, and interference some Latin American coun- northeastern "shoulder" of from other stations. tries and their shortwave the southern continent South - stations. (French Guiana, Guyana, GETTING STARTED Like most "nor- and Surinam) French, En- If you've so far avoided American SW teamericanos," SWL's tend glish, and Dutch are the these broadcasters, for to think of Latin America as predominant languages. In these reasons, and be- Broadcasters being right next door. But the southern tier of Latin cause most broadcast in

like many perceptions of countries, notably Brazil, Spanish or Portuguese, I the world, that's only partly Uruguay, Argentina and suggest you get started by correct. Chile, many native -born cit- tuning for the few that do izens have German, Italian, have some English pro- even Japanese as their first gramming. Almost without language. Additionally, doubt, one of your first there are many people South American SW log - who speak the various in- gings will be HCJB, The digenous Indian and Voice of the Andes, in Creole languages. Quito, Ecuador. When it comes to music, That is a missionary there's no single type of broadcaster, to be sure, but music typical of Latin Amer- its programming is an inter- ica. There's the galloping esting mix of music and Colombian cumbia, hot sal- culture along with the re- sa from the Dominican ligious. It has been on Republic, Mexican maria- shortwave since the 1930's. chi, Argentine tango, It was my first shortwave Peruvian huayno. These mu- logging more than 40 years V. Ralph Kurtenbach has been one of the voices regularly heard sical styles are no more ago, so I have a soft spot in on HCJB, The Voice of the Andes, in Quito, Ecuador. alike than those of Johann the SWL'ing heart for HCJB. Sebastian Bach and Billy Signals are strong and Mexico, certainly, and Ray Cyrus! What this means there are plenty of English Central America are our is that when it comes to SW broadcasts. You can find southern neighbors, and stations of Latin America, HCJB on several frequen- Cuba is just 90 miles off the there's a tremendous vari- cies during much of the tip of Florida. But Latin ety of listening available. day and night. Highly rec- America also includes One reason why many ommended is the hour- countries such as Argentina, North Americans may not long Studio 9 program, on Brazil, and Chile, and they be familiar with these sta- the air weekdays from 0030 may be farther away than tions is that while there are to 0130 UTC, on 9,745 and you realize. For example, a hundreds of them on short- 15,155 kHz. Studio 9 includes jet flight from Chicago to wave, most are relatively world and Latin- American Istanbul is shorter than one low powered, compared to news, followed by a series between the 'Windy city" the major international of features and interviews. and Buenos Aires. Its 5,000 broadcasters of Europe. The Particularly enjoyable is the miles from San Francisco to signals, typically, aren't as Friday segment called Tokyo, but nearly 6,000 big and booming. Also, the "Musica del Ecuador", in miles to Santiago, Chile. majority, though certainly which Jorge Zambrano New York is nearer Moscow not all, of them operate on hosts a show featuring a than it is Rio de Janeiro, the so- called "Tropical blend of Ecuadorian and Brazil. Bands," mostly the frequen- other Latin music. While much of Latin cies below about 5 MHz Radio Nacional Brasilia 82 America speaks Spanish, (5,000 kHz). Here reception also has some English pro-

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com gramming. Check this one during the North -American logged Venezuelan stations BOLIVIA -4,965 kHz. at 1200 UTC on 15,445 kHz. evening hours on 5,075 kHz. can be found within Just 10 Radio Juan 23 has been There are a good many Radio Santa FE is noted kHz of each other in the noted in the early morning, other Brazilian stations on evenings on 4,965 kHz, and crowded 60 -meter band. around 0945 UTC, with flute shortwave, though their you might find another Look for Radio Rumbos on music of the Andean region programs are in Colombian outlet, Ecos del 4,970 kHz and Ecos del and clear identification. The Portuguese. Several to look Atrato operating, irregularly Torbes on 4,980 kHz. Pro- number 23 sounds like for include: Radio Santa perhaps, on 5,020 kHz dur- gramming is similar on "ben -tay trace" in Spanish. Maria, 0000UTC on 11,705 ing the 0200 -0400 UTC time those two stations -mostly GUATEMALA-5,955 kHz. kHz; Radio Cultura, 2300 period. Latin ballads and rhythms. Radio Cultural in Guate- UTC on 17,815 kHz; Radio Chile isn't the easiest mala City is logged at Clube Paranaense, 2330 country to log. There are DOWN THE DIAL about 1000 UTC with Mex- UTC on 6,040 and 9,725 kHz; only a few stations on the Skimming through the fre- ican- sounding rachera Radio Re/ogio Federal, 0700 air now. But you might want quencies, you may find music. UTC on 4,905 kHz; to give a try for Radio Santa quite a few Latin signals on MEXICO -6,185 kHz. Radiodifusora Roraima, Maria, logged on 6,030 kHz your own. Let us know what Radio Educacion, XEPPM, is 0300 UTC on 4,875 kHz; and especially in very early you're hearing, the frequen- often heard between Radio Educacao Rural, 0130 morning hours, say around cy, time heard, and a bit about 0130 and 0530 UTC. UTC on 4,753 kHz. 0930 UTC. about the programming. I'll Besides the Latin -American Another Latin station with Even more difficult, and a include your logging notes music and Spanish talk, you English programming is real DX catch, is Paraguay's in future columns. Send your may also hear an occa- Radio Havana Cuba. That only currently operating letters, questions, and com- sional English identification station can be heard shortwave station, Radio ments to me, Don Jensen, and frequency announce- throughout the evening, Nacional on 9,735 kHz. DX Listening, Popular Elec- ment. from 000 until 0700 UTC, on There have been reports, tronics, 500 -B Bi- County VENEZUELA -4,830 kHz. 6,010 and 9,510 kHz. however, of one or two Blvd., Farmingdale, NY Radio Tachira has been Though it doesn't really other stations becoming 11735. heard here with live sports, qualify as a Latin- American active in the future. Hear are some of the probably a soccer game, in station, as far as program- Peru is a curious case stations others are hearing: Spanish. ming goes, Radio for Peace among the South -American International does broad- countries. It has numerous cast from Costa Rica in stations operating on SW; Central America and its they seem to come and go, In the July, 1994 Issue programs are in English. It many of them quite audi- can be found throughout ble for a few weeks or the evening on 7,385 kHz. months, only to vanish without a trace. Signals, SPANISH VOICES typically, are not strong, By this time, perhaps, since they are local stations, Popular Electronics you're ready to try for some intended for Peruvian au- stations that program in diences. So things change It's July and the Annual Builders Special Issue Spanish. Even if you don't quickly and any list of Peru- contains a potpourri of projects for all levels of builders. know the language, you vian stations is auto- Here are some of the project highlights: can find a lot of enjoyment matically a bit suspect. in the musical program- However here are some ming. you might wish to try for: Universal Noise Reduction System From Colombia, one of Radio Naylap is said to Digital Combination Lock the strongest and most con- be on the air 24- hours -a- Packet Radio Tuning Indicator sistent signals on shortwave day on a 4,300 kHz. Radio is that of CARACOL Colom- Maranon, 4,835 kHz, re- Digital Clock bia, a key network outlet of turned to the air after the CARACOL chain, which having been inactive for ON SALE we highlighted in a recent more than a year. It has column. been noted signing on at May 17, 1994 You'll find this all- Spanish 100 UTC with the "Chariots station quite easy to hear of Fire" theme. Radio Na- cional del Peru in Tacna Watch for it! `Credits: Brian Alexander, PA; also has been reactivated Pick up Popular Electronics at your Mark Anderson, MI; Hans and has been noted on Johnson, MD; Ed Newbury, NE; favorite Newsstand, Bookstore, 6,095 kHz to 0500 UTC sign Tony Orr, VA; North American Convenience Store or Supermarket SW Association, 45 Wildflower off. Road, Levittown, PA 19057 Two of the more easily 83

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com HAM RADIO

By Joseph J. Carr, K4IPV To paraphrase an old gion, you might want to As shown in Fig. 1, the saying: "Fall is fell, give the "Thorne array" (see Thorne array consists of Spring is Sprung, grab a Fig. 1) a try. three vertical radiating ele- ladder and climb on a ments, each a quarter - rung...." It's antenna time THE THORNE ARRAY wavelength long. The cen- again. Winter time is a time The Thorne array is an ter radiator (A) is isolated of damage to antennas, upside -down "bobtail cur- electrically from the others, and ifs generally too cold tain antenna," and is quite and is connected to the Wire in much of the country to capable of a very low an- center conductor of the

put one up without getting gle of radiation. I once coaxial cable. The other Antennas frostbite. In mid Summer, the used a Thorne array at a Iwo radiators (B) are con- temperature is too high to 9TH in Texas, and was quite nected to the shield of the safely work on antennas impressed with its perfor- coaxial cable through half - without risk of heat stroke. mance for VK, ZL, and JA wavelength phasing ele- But in the late Spring and DX'ing. Such demonstra- ments (C). All elements are early Summer, the weather tions do not usually impress made of #14 or larger wire. tends to be a bit more me because antennas are The phasing elements and temperate for antenna difficult to analyze in isola- the feedpoint are about noodlers. tion. But in the Texas two feet off the ground. It is possible to build the -11-400401 (Wi. antenna exactly as shown El EI EI EI in Fig. 1. The four ropes (top and bottom) at the two ends are stretched between supports (trees, towers, wall of the garage, B A B or whatever). If the assembly is a little too rickety, you can use a 2 x 4 stake at each vertical radiator. A quarter wavelength at 20 meters is 16 to 17 feet (de- c EI c pending on frequency), so 04441 ._--... EI El you can easily use 16 -foot i 2 x 4 lumber mounted to a fence post or other support to hold the antenna. EARTH i A: O.25a. CENTER RADIATOR (WIRE) COAX TO RIG SOMETHING B: 0.25X END RADIATORS (WIRE) C: 0.50. PHASING ELEMENTS (WIRE) DIFFERENT R: ROPE Another neat antenna to EI: END INSULATORS try is the "Large Loop" or Fig. 1. For the upper end of the high frequency (HF) region, yoú might want to give the "Thorne "Bi- Square" antenna (see array" a try. Fig. 2), which is similar to a single -element "quad," but

If you plan to put up an instance, I was able to each side of the square is a antenna, then now might compare the Thorne array half wavelength (X /2) rather be the time to do it. Stan- against a properly installed than a quarter wavelength. dard antennas such as half - half -wavelength dipole, a The feedpoint impedance wavelength horizontal di- trap vertical, and a tri -band is about 1000 ohms, so a poles are easy to put up, three- element beam. It quarter -wavelength match- but you might want to try a worked very well in corn - ing section is required. The special or non -standard an- parison to those other matching section is corn - tenna. For the upper end of antennas, yet it cost "bird prised of a quarter- 84 the high- frequency (HF) re- seed" to build. wavelength piece of twin-

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com __. _... ; cently sent me a pair of the antenna for any given their catalogs: the general physical dimension is im- , a,.. catalog is $3, and the refer- portant, as is the is $5. capacitance needed to ti El A ence catalog ;:i ' Radio Works stocks a resonate that inductance to 1 wide variety of their own a specific frequency. The Antlers software calculates 1Y # antennas and BALUN's, the ,.: products of other manufac- all those factors for you. it is R turers, plus other supplies While not a full anten- ---, a. A/2 WIRE ELEMENTS (SX).ii4 "------:i---- and gizmos. They also stock na- design package, Antlers El r;:°':z El ra antenna instruments and works well for most practical antenna -tuning units. I've ham and SWL applications. gotten a few items from Antlers runs on MS -DOS and .;:; . r. them over the years, and Windows machines, and re- find they fill a needed quires a color monitor. aya,V,` N4 MATCHING ÿ niche. Contact me at P.O. Box SECTION \.... ;Fss 1099, Falls Church, VA 22041 (4500 TWIN LEAD) :r;":r ANTLERS SOFTWARE for more information on the ':`¡ ;(. For most ham -radio and package. ` l' SWL antennas, the principal } .4; { design parameter is the S¡- to 4.,. length of the elements. Also of concern are the values of any inductors used in the : various forms of compensa- r tion antennas. For loop which are really Fig. 2. The "Large Loop" or ' 'Bi- Square" antenna is similar to antennas, a single -element "quad." useful for low- frequency work (160 through 31 "I can't turn it on- lead- either 300- or 450 - some frequencies). meters), the inductance of t lost the remote." ohm twin -lead can be Both the Thorne array used. and the Bi- Square antenna A 1:1 or 4:1 BALUN is used are easily made from wire at the feedpoint. Normally and wire-antenna compo- From Not'Workin only a 1:1 BALUN is needed, nents like end insulators (El but in some cases people in the figures), at least on to Networking! like to operate the Bi- frequencies above about Square off the design fre- 31 meters, although most Troubleshooting quency, in which case, the users will probably be on 10 Local -Area Networks! impedance of the feed - and 15 meters because of Now, complete for the first point changes enough to the antenna size required time in one detailed booklet! make it worthwhile to try for the lower-frequency the 4:1 BALUN. bands. Gain a fuller knowledge of network The Bi- Square antenna fundamentals and how they radiates in a figure -8 pat- MY PREFERENCE developed from the early days of tern, and provides as much I am partial to low -cost, main frames, from XNS to Ethernet as a 4 -dB gain (isotropic) easy -to- assemble antennas technology, the OSI stack for broadside to the plane of made of wire or aluminum interconnecting different computers, the antenna (i.e., perpen- tubing. While I own a store- basic and specialized test instruments, etc. Several dicular to the page in Fig. bought antenna, and use it tough LAN case histories bring from theory to the 2). One neat aspect of that regularly, I also have a few practical side of troubleshooting. antenna is that it can be homebrew antennas. Sup- used at frequencies other plies for wire antennas are CLAGGK Inc., Reprint Bookstore than its design frequency. available at most ham out- P.O. Box 4099, Farmingdale, NY 11735

But when the frequency lets, although some stores Please rush my copy of "From Not- Working to Networking." I enclosed drops to half the design may only stock basic kits. payment of $5.00 which includes shipping charges. frequency, the gain drops For instance, Jim Thompson Name to about that of a dipole. (W4THU) president of Radio Address Works -PO. Box 6159, Using an antenna -tuning City State ZIP unit can smooth out what Portsmouth, VA 23703; Tel. relatively 804 -484 -0140 (voice) and Sorry, no orders excepted outside of United States and Canada. All appears to be a Payments must be in U.S. funds. Send check or money order'payable to bad VSWR (about 2.25:1 at 804 -483 -1873 (fax) -re- CLAGGK Inc. -do not send cash or stamps. New York State residents 85 add applicable sales tax.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com SCANNER SCENE

By Marc Saxon The Optoelectronics cessed by a mode button. cadmium batteries that of- Model DC 440 is a PL digits remain on dis- fer five hours of operation. useful scanner accessory. It play until replaced by An optional AC power sup- reads out 50 sub -audible PL different ones, at which ply is available. A Look at tones (aka CTCSS tones), time an asterisk is displayed The basic DC440 costs 106 digital (DCS) codes, to indicate that active de- $259. For more information, Mobile and 16 Touch -Tone (DTMF) code is taking place. A total contact Optoelectronics characters simultaneously! of 10 DTMF digits can be Inc., 5821 N.E. 14th Street, Ft. Extenders The DC440 monitors the au- displayed on the screen Lauderdale, FL 33334 or dio of a scanner. In many and will remain until new phone 305 -771 -2050. applications, it can be con- ones replace them. At that nected directly to the time, the older digits will MOBILE EXTENDERS external audio output. Note shift to the left, one at a For months now, letters that some scanners have time, and will be stored in have been trickling in ask- enough loss below 300 Hz the DC440's memory. A ing about "mobile in the audio section to pre- scrollable display of 127 extenders." Looks as if it's vent the DC440 from DTMF characters can be time for a discussion. It's reviewed using the DC440's worth devoting some recall button. space to an accessory that Using the DTMF decode is generally overlooked by feature, it is possible, for scanner owners. instance, to read out the Mobile extenders are characters being entered small, special -purpose, low- into pushbutton cordless powered mobile transmit- phones within receiving ters that are used by a range of a scanner. CTCSS number of law-enforce- tone recognition sorts out ment agencies, particularly different licensees sharing state police and highway VHF and UHF repeater fre- patrols. The function of the quencies. Transmissions unit is to serve as a relay so begin to take on more of that headquarters can re- an identity and are more main in contact with The Optoelectronics DC440 can read CTCSS tones, digital readily recognized when officers who are using their codes, and DTMF (Touch -Tone) characters simultaneously. using a DC440. Opto- short -range handheld radi- electronics points out that, os outside of their vehicles. picking up PL tones without in addition to hobby usage, The mobile extender, there- an internal connection to the DC440 is used for secur- fore, is a mobile repeater pick off audio before any ity and surveillance that re-transmits the signals low- frequency rolloff. The purposes, for repeater from headquarters on a dif- output of the discriminator monitoring, and for com- ferent frequency. is a good spot for that. munications testing As long as a vehicle's PL tones and DCS codes purposes. mobile extender is turned are automatically detected Accessories allow the on, it will repeat every trans- along with DTMF charac- DC440 to interface with a mission from headquarters. ters, and displayed on a PC for remote operation. A Most officers turn on their Iwo -line, alphanumeric, custom data -logging soft- extenders when they go on backlit LCD. On power -up, ware package for the PC duty, and leave them oper- the DC440 will automat- can be used to survey a ating so that they don't ically display PL tones and busy channel. forget to turn them on if DTMF characters. The DCS/ The DC440 runs on inter- they need to leave the ve- 86 DTMF combo can be acnal (optional) nickel- hicle. The average range of

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com an extender is three miles. is used with an AC adapter Many (but not all) state that is supplying the proper law- enforcement agencies voltage. PRESENTING make use of mobile exten- We also heard from Ron ders because their vehicles Bruckman, editor of the are often so far from a Radio Monitors Newsletter dispatcher. Municipal of Maryland (P O. Box 394, 8 WAYS TO EARN agencies, however, don't Hampstead, MD usually need them. If you 21074 -0394). We are now have a scanner, though, aware of some significant GREAT RATES you would be able to re- changes in that state. Ron ceive those signals if your mentions that it has been scanner were within range several years since the Bal- of such a station. timore County Police ON OREGE For example, on the Flori- Department left the 39 -MHz da Turnpike, the extenders band to move to 800 MHz. use 156.18 MHz, while on Not long ago, the Maryland SAVINGS. the Ohio Turnpike; they use State Police reshuffled and 465.375, 465.425, 465.525, reorganized its 39 -MHz op- amrmeaasa!p...... HE and 465.55 MHz. The Cali- erations to use those fornia Highway Patrol's frequencies vacated by the i =.. 0.. ARMS EE i system uses 154.905 MHz; in Baltimore County police. .ti.-enuaEE Pennsylvania, they are on Some Maryland state po- y l ., ____+,.... -a 159.21 MHz, and in Illinois, lice barracks remained on it the frequency is 155.505 their original frequencies, ..a yrHW EE MHz. One interesting ap- some switched to other fre- .. d61UFs+E plication is in Minnesota, quencies previously used by RD.. .R..ei.r is where 458.25 MHz used the state police, and now -ìoó ,. wFs EE throughout the state except some barracks are also any around Minneapolis/St. Paul. using 39 -MHz frequencies RD .. -NW'kl . In the Twin Cities area, the salvaged from the aban- [.1tNl,a11U91 ...... ,Mil_ EE frequency in use is 453.25 doned county police MHz. assignments. State -police One thing you'll know monitors who wonder what when you hear a mobile became of the stations they extender-there's a police used to hear should search car within three miles of between 39.04 and 39.96 your location! MHz to check up on the U.S. Savings Bonds offer eight entire reorganized Mary- great ways to save for your WHAT'S IN THE MAIL? land State Police system. child's college education. Buy Don Kiser, of Elmira, New Ron puts out a fine news- U.S. Savings Bonds in any York, has a Bearcat letter. It costs $15 per year of the BC- 200XLT. His problem is for 12 Issues. A sample copy eight denominations for just half that the rechargeable bat- costs $2. The phone their face value. If you keep tery pack decided not to number is 410 -239 -7366. them five years or more, you'll hold a charge. Don wants In related news, the to know if there's a way to Northeast Scanner News (P earn competitive, market -based rejuvenate it. Or, since the O. Box 67, Gibbstown, NJ rates or a guaranteed minimum battery pack isn't going to 08027) advises of a change rate, whichever is higher. hold a charge, he wonders in their rates. A 12 -issue sub- Start earning great rates on if he can leave the scanner scription is now $29 per plugged into an AC adapt- year by bulk rate, or $39 by college savings, today. Buy U.S. er and operate it that way. first class mail. Savings Bonds where you work Its been our experience or bank. that a nickel -cadmium bat- KEEP IN TOUCH! tery pack can be recharged Please send along your For current rates, call over and over, but it will questions, frequencies, and 1- 800 -4US BOND 1- 800 -487 -2663 zonk out eventually. At that ideas to Scanner Scene, point, you should replace it Popular Electronics, 500 -B with a new pack. The scan- Bi- County Blvd., Farm- Take T r ner should operate fine as ingdale, NY 11735. Your Stocker - inAmericaJ .BONDS a base station as long as it input Is important to us. e 87

A pubic service of this magazine

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com l'upular Electrunics the HDTV 4eolulion :t70. MNMO110. P Get the (Ave You töissed! Popular Electronics

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1 -5 $6.50 US $6.50 US 6 -11 5.50 5.75 $8.00 US Build the Tesa Coil 12 -23 5.00 5.25 7.50 scuarel- that went 24 and more 4.50 4.75 7.00 August1989 Prices include handling and shipping. Prices subject to change. All orders payable in U.S.A. funds only, via in- Popular Electronics ternational money order, check drawn on a U.S.A. bank, or acceptable credit card (Visa, MasterCard) in U.S.A. funds. Allow 6 -8 weeks delivery. Foreign orders may take longer. "Minimum foreign order -6 issues.

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Take a chance on our Dice -Roulette project - April 1983

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com which is very easy to understand and just an owner's manual if an individual LEGO -DACTA CONTROL LAB use. It also has built -in on -line feed- is fortunate enough to acquire a Con- (Continued from page 66) back to help pinpoint and correct trol Lab for himself. syntax errors. Take, for example, the Complete assembly plans are vices. To set up the software, you drag following simple program for a proj- given for 7 projects: a greenhouse, a device icons to their particular posi- ect entitled "thermostat." The project color -code reader, a dynamometer tion on the serial- interface illustration contains a temperature sensor that's and motorized car, a joystick -oper- using the mouse. The on- screen port heated up by a lamp and cooled by ated wheelchair, a scanner, a sorter, then labels itself as "motora," "lampb," a fan: and a robot arm. The projects are truly or whatever. fascinating because of their func- TO THERMOSTAT For motors and the sound element, tional complexity and physical FOREVER [IF TEMP4 > 75 [TALKTO two on- screen buttons above each simplicity-while they all do totally dif- "MOTORA SETPOWER 8 ON] port control the direction or the sound ferent jobs, they all use the same FOREVER [IF TEMP4 < 73 [TALKTO of its associated device. The on- handful of input and output devices. "MOTORA OFF] screen buttons are positioned in the END same places as indicator lights on the Dream On. The Control Lab is some- serial interface. You just click the The programming language is so what unbelievable in all that it can mouse on a button to activate a de- simple that you can probably figure do-it can do almost anything. Lego vice. While a button is being clicked, out what each instruction does by has certainly grown up since we were the corresponding light on the inter- yourself, but we'll explain it anyway. kids, and we're betting that in ten face illuminates. The first line simply activates the ther- years or so we'll see a Lego Dacta Similarly, icons for input devices are mostat project. The second line tells Space Shuttle kit on the market - dragged onto input ports and the motora (the fan motor) to turn on and okay, maybe 15 years. ports label themselves accordingly. stay on at power level 8 if the temper- For now, though, we built the green- When an angle sensor is first set up, it ature is above 75 degrees. The third house project. The plans called for a displays an angle of O. Then, depend- line tells the fan to turn off when the motorized "glass" door that opens ing on the number of turns and the temperature drops below 73 de- and closes, an angle sensor to detect direction, a positive or negative grees. Simple enough? If four simple the position of the door, and an inside number is displayed. Angle- sensor program lines can do all that, imag- temperature sensor. The door can be readings can also be reset to zero ine what a longer program can do! opened and closed manually or au- without rotating the shaft if desired. tomatically according to the inside The output from a light sensor is also a Documentation. Four main instruc- temperature conditions. The sound el- number, although always positive. tion books are included with the Con- ernent beeps when the door is open- The temperature sensor's readout is trol Lab. The first one (which has 50 ing and warbles when it's closing. We an actual temperature reading in pages) is the Setup Guide and Intro- added lights and a light sensor to the Celsius by default. Its easy enough, ductory Explorations. The purpose of inside of the greenhouse just for fun. If though, to change the readout to the book is to introduce the user -or that kind of creativity sounds like fun to Fahrenheit. The touch sensor's read- more likely the teacher -to all the you, you're sure to enjoy building the out is simply the word "true" or "false," components in the lab. All of the spe- many things possible with the Lego depending on whether its button is cialized input and output devices are Dacta Control Lab. pushed in or not. explained and experimented with individually. Then software commands Software Use. Finished projects can are discussed and tested. Quite a bit Satellite Images On Your PC be controlled manually from the main about the lab is explained by that one "project' screen, which can be saved manual. as a file for later use. Also, control pan- The second manual, again about els can be set up to allow easy control 50 pages, quickly goes over building and monitoring of projects using a simple fan -control project. To prove mouse -operated buttons and slider that the emphasis of the Lab is on switches. For example, the speed and software control rather than building direction of a fan could be controlled things, the fan itself is fully assembled from a slider switch and button. by the end of page 7; pages 8-53 are Control panels can be customized devoted to controlling the fan, both PC HF Facsimile 7.0 $99 in many different ways. A graph tool manually and automatically. SSC has interfaces and software to allow you to lets you add a graph box that can A thick reference guide covers all receive vivid satellite images on an IBM PC computer. display sensor results such as temper- aspects of the software and program- Just plug the interface into the serial port of a PC and into the audio output of a shortwave receiver. The ature over time. Text and pictures a ming in great detail. There's enough package includes the interface, manuals, schedules lamp, a motor, etc also be add- information in that book to develop and software. SSC also makes systems for reception -can wit,n VHF scanners. Call or write for our free catalog. ed to control panels. incredibly intricate programming for Visa and MASTERCARD accepted Programs can be written for auto- any conceivable type of device. The mated control of projects. Program- last book is essentially a classroom Software Systems Consulting 615 S. El Camino Real, San Clemente, CA 92672 ming is done in a sort of "Lego BASIC," guide to several complete projects, or 89 Tel: (174)- 498 -5784 Fax: (714)- 498-0668

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CIRCUIT CIRCUS Q1's collector is tied to the +9-12v R2 base of Q7 inside the IC tos1 10K (Continued from page 78) (see the IC's circuit diagram R1 in Fig. 1B), keeping it and SPKR1 R4 10K from 0 to 10 in 852 about volts Q8 (also the IC) turned 220 peak -to -peak with R3. off. The circuit's current 1/2 WATT drain is very low in the "key - 1M CODE -PRACTICE up" position. When the key OSCILLATOR is closed, Q1 is turned off, A nifty little code -prac- allowing the AC signal to R5 1000 1.14 13 12 tice oscillator circuit using pass to the chip's internal VOLUME the IC is shown in Fig. 8. The driver transistors (Q7 and U1 ULN2429A IC is connected in a varia- Q8) and on to the speaker. ble low- frequency generator circuit driving a ALARM CIRCUIT R6 small 8 -ohm speaker. With A simple alarm circuit is 25K the key in the up position, shown in Fig. 9. As long as TONE - R3 (500Hz -2kHz) Q1 is biased on through the three sensor switches 1K resistors R1 and R2. Transistor (S1, S2, and S3) are closed,

OUTPUT Fig. 8. In the code -practice oscillator the IC is connected as a 10v variable low frequency generator that drives a small 8 -ohm ru P-P - +12V speaker when activated by the telegraph key. +M220 C5 C7 = C6 .1 47 T R3 PARTS LIST FOR THE CODE -PRACTICE 1K C4 v.= OSCILLATOR ' 1 I 1,14 13 9 SEMICONDUCTORS U1 Q1- 2N3904 NPN transistor ULN2429A Ul- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit

5 7I RESISTORS C3 (All fixed resistors are 1/4-watt, 5% units unless otherwise .0009 38-100kHz indicated.) R2 - C2 b RI, R2- 10,000 -ohm 100K R1 0018 R3 -1000 -ohm 1K FREQUENCY o-- R4-22 -ohm, 1/2-watt 19-50kHz R5-100 -ohm potentiometer Cl V .018 M 2-5kHz 0 si R6- 25,000 potentiometer RANGE SWITCH ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS Cl- C3-- -0.l -p.F, capacitor Fig. 7. The oscillator's frequency -setting capacitor values in this SPKRI -8 -ohm, 4 -inch speaker squarewave generator can be selected to give an overlapping and SI -SPST switch continuous range of operation from I Hz to over 250 kHz. S2- Telegraph key Pertboard, solder, wire, etc. PARTS LIST FOR THE SQUAREWAVE GENERATOR

CAPACITORS SPKR1 S1 S2 S3 C1- 0.018 -RF, 50 -WVDC, Mylar 8-1652 C2- 0.00l8-µF, 50 -WVDC, Mylar HORN C3-- 0.0009 -11,F, 50 -WVDC, Mylar C4, C7- 0.1 -µF, ceramic -disc C5- 220 -11F, I6 -WVDC, electrolytic C6 - 47 -p.F, 16 -WVDC, electrolytic RESISTORS RI -1000 -ohm, 1/4-watt, 5% R2- 100,000 -ohm, potentiometer R3-1000 -ohm, potentiometer ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS Fig. 9. This alarm circuit uses the IC as the sensor -detector and U1- ULN2429A fluid -detector, integrated circuit sounder circuit all in one. As long as the three sensor switches SI- Single -pole, three -position switch SI, S2, and S3 are closed no sound will come from the speaker. Perfboard, solder, wire, etc. When any one of the sensor switches is opened, the oscillator 90 signal will pass through C2 to the detectors and the speaker.

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com PARTS LIST FOR THE ALARM CIRCUIT

CAPACITORS CI- 4).047 -11F, ceramic -disc Popular C2, C3-- 0.1 -µF ceramic -disc ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS "' UI- ULN2429A fluid- detector, integrated circuit Electronics SPKRI -Horn speaker SI -S3- Normally closed switch Pertboard, solder, wire, etc.

+9-12V K- WE C4 .1 LEDI C2 R2 HAVE .1 1K R3 C3 22K .1 THE LED2 Ri 1K 7' 1,14 13 1110 9 RIGHT U1 I® Q2' ANSWER ULN2429A Advertisers who want Cl 01\ to place their print ads 'SEE TEXT .01 T 2N3904 irl a quality publication ask the question: "Is Fig. l0. In our light -beam circuit the LED's output is modulated, your circulation making the sensor less sensitive to ambient light. audited ?" We're very proud to answer "Yes." LIST FOR THE LIGHT BEAM CIRCUIT PARTS We are a member of the Audit Bureau of SEMICONDUCTORS Circulations because LEDI, LED2- Light -emitting diode we share ABC's belief QI- 2N3904 NPN transistor Q2- Phototransistor (see text) that circulation audits Ul-ULN2429A fluid -detector, integrated circuit are an essential assurance of value. CAPACITORS ABC is the premier C1-0.0I-11E ceramic -disc circulation auditing C2-C4 0.l -p,F, ceramic -disc organization in the ADDITIONAL PARTS AND MATERIALS world, and has been Rl, R2-I000-ohm, '/ -watt, 5% resistor since 1914. Each year, R3- 22,000 -ohm, 1 -watt, 5% resistor ABC auditors test and Perfboard, solder, wire, etc. verify that our circula- no oscillator signal will sitive to ambient light. The tion figures are facts, reach the detector circuit oscillator is operating at not claims. An ABC at pin 9 and no sound will about 2.4 kHz, with the out- audit is the sign of a be heard. When any one of put at pin 8 driving Q1. The sound investment for the sensor switches is LED in Q1's collector circuit advertisers. opened, the oscillator sig- (LED2) is switched on and Not all publications nal will pass through C2 to off at the 2.4 -kHz rate. The are audited, but they the detector's input and out phototransistor is placed should be. Because through the speaker. close to, and aimed at, the when advertisers ask LED. Almost any phototran- "Is your circulation LIGHT-BEAM CIRCUIT sistor compatible with the audited ?" there's only Our last entry, Fig. 10, uses LED used should work. As one answer. the IC in an LED-emitter/ long as Q2 is receiving the "Yes." phototransistor -sensor cir- 2.4 -kHz light signal, LEDI re- cuit. The advantage of this mains on. When the light arrangement is that the source is blocked, the sig- LED2's output is modulated, nal path is broken and LEDI making the sensor less sen- goes out. le) 91 Audit Bureau of Circulations

www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com CALLER BLOCK (Continued from page 36)

tween the numbers, and verify that it For your Heart's sake does not exceed 255 characters. If you have a problem with certain callers whose numbers' you've en- get PULSE tered into memory but can still not STICK 11 ring your telephone, call your phone company and ask if their exchange is included in your Caller ID network. Your very own sophisticated in the pulsed intensity of infrared Al- pocket health monitor, PULSE radiation emitted by superficial though the people calling you do not have STICK II, checks your pulse rate blood vessels below the skin of the to subscribe to Caller ID as you quickly and accurately anywhere. thumb. The time intervals between do, their exchange must be in the Regular monitoring of your pulse pulses are automatically measured Caller ID network in order to ring your rate during exercise will enable you and analogued by the microphone. to plan an exercise regimen suit- processor based circuitry and dis- Closing the BYPASS switch (S1) allows able for your stage of fitness. pulse played in a liquid -crystal display you to bypass the circuit and allow all stick II provides an early warning (LCD). calls through as normal. When picking that you may be exceeding your up the telephone to make a call, the Before attempting any exercise pro- own capabilities. circuit is also automatically bypassed. gram, consult your doctor. Ask for Note, that power must be applied to PULSE STICK II photoelectri- guidance regarding the recom- the Caller Block or the telephone will measures the changes mended safe pulse ranges for your cally be disconnected from exercise program. Follow the phone line, even when the unit is switched to by- your doctor's instructions when If carefully. pass or trying to make a call. Only you wish to use an answering ma- $39 95 chine, place it in the line ahead of the Caller Block.

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Uses three AA dry cells Ideal for running, walking and supplied with PULSE STICK Il aerobic training programs!

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YES! Please send me PULSE Print Name STICK II at $39.95 each. Price includes shipping and handling charges. Address City State Zip Total amount of order $ FOR FREE HOME FIRE SRFETY TIPS, WRITE: Check or Money Order enclosed. Make No telephone orders or C.O.D. Signature re- check payable to CLAGGK Inc. PULSE quired on credit card orders. All prices include United States STICK II Offer postage and handling. Payments in U.S.A. Fire Administration funds only. New York residents must include Charge my Visa MasterCard local applicable sales taxes. No foreign orders. P.O. Box 70274 Account No. Washington, DC 20024 Exp. Date / Mail orders to CLAGGK Inc. Pulse Stick II ,a,

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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com problems. It did appear to have been packages, I realized that the Hyper - USED EQUIPMENT stored for some time on its back. That ception package (from Hypercep- 20) (Continued from page put a kink in the attached power - tion, 9550 Skillman LB125, Dallas, TX

cord. As a stickler for safety, I replaced 75243) provided a code -generator pro- range of RF for noise-susceptibility it. In addition the attenuator mecha- for Texas Instruments' digital signal testing. There are several low -cost nism was frozen, but it didn't take too cessors. That was something extra that generators available new but they much effort to free it up. I can't se- would help me with several com- my RF -spec- different projects. Plain FFT soft- lacked the range I needed and also riously test the unit until pletely lacked a calibrated output- ampli- trum analyzer is working, but my TV ware can really be had for only about

is gener- $100. In addition, I spent an extra $100 tude control. I wanted something that tells me that a signal being would generate wave amplitudes ated at the proper frequency. on the frequency counter for im- down to the micro -volt level. The HP The 608E was not the same story. It proved stability (0.2 ppm instead of 600 family of signal generators is per- was apparently used in a salty en- 1.0 ppm). Had I settled for less in these fect for this. They are old, tube /tran- vironment-not all that unusual for a two areas, the total would have been sistor types that can serve as boat piece of equipment used by the Na,vy well below the $2000 mark. In any anchors in an emergency, but they The good news is that it has been sit- event, buying the same (or equiv- has new would have are reliable and cheap. I needed ting so long that the salt com- alent) equipment three: an HP 606B (with 50 -kHz to 65- pletely reacted and there is little cost much, much more. MHz operation); an HP 608E (ranging chance of any more corrosion. Also, from 10 to 480 MHz); and an HP 612A there were no traces of arcing or any Conclusion. Buying used test equip- (with 450- to 1230 -MHz capability). burning from salt -induced short cir- ment can be very worthwhile. For a The 1989 Tucker catalog listed these cuits. A little elbow grease, a tooth- fraction of their original price, you can for over $2000 each! Their new cata- brush and a vacuum cleaner obtain quality units. Just because a log only had the less- capable 606A removed the bulk of the corrosion. piece of electronic equipment is used for $250, without calibration. Tech Sys- There were a couple of mechanical doesn't mean that it is no longer tems had them for $450 each (uncali- problems that were overcome with useful. A little care, patience, and brated). Cadisco had them all at iwo penetrating oil and patience. effort can provide an impressive and seems addition to the shack or for $250! I called the company and However, one filter capacitor valuable quickly worked out a deal for three shorted, and I wilt not turn the unit on shop without making an impressive units at $325. until I am confident that it will not dent in your wallet.

About a week later I got the units. smoke. So I needed the service man HP They were about as I expected from a uals, which I've just received from salvager. Two were missing plug -in for $10 each on microfiche -the only RAIN FOREST RESCUE: power cords (the third one's cord was available medium for the three signal HELP SAVE THE BIRDS permanently attached) and there generators. My main city library has a To was no documentation of any kind. All fiche /copier. There are about 70 OUTSIDE YOUR WINDOW in although were salvaged from the Navy and "pages" each manual, Right now you can help put a stop to the were last calibrated sometime in the only half really need to be copied. At destruction by joining The National Arbor Day late 1970's. 25 -cents per page that means about Foundation and supporting Rain Forest Rescue. The 606B was in relatively good another $10 per manual, and an af- When you join, the Foundation will preserve rain forest in your name. shape. it lacked a power cord and ternoon at the library will net me pa- threatened the receptacle for it was non -stan- per documentation. To contribute to Rain Forest Resc ls, call dard. I bought a new cord and re- 1 222 placed the old receptacle with a Final Score. So how well did I do with -800- -5312

I I want- standard one. While I had it apart, I my $2000? Did get everything examined it visually. That is always a ed? Here's the summary. The Poor good thing to do for very old and /or Man's Spectrum Analyzer including salvaged equipment. For example, the case and extras was $450. The AF always check the fuses. A blown fuse spectrum analyzer was replaced by may indicate serious problems. No Hyperception digital signal process- tubes were broken and everything ing software with FFT's for $489 and a

looked to be in good order. I plugged home -brew PC interface that re- it in and turned it on. Other than a quired $100 in parts. The used RF Sig- noisy function switch (which worked nal Generators cost $325. My new RF flawlessly after a few pushes), every- frequency counter was $379. I spent thing worked okay. The modulation $295 on the used distortion analyzer meter only needed an internal trim - and another $195 on the used preci- pot adjustment. All in all, it was a good sion volt/ohmmeter. The total came to buy for $108. $2233. The 612A also was not in bad shape. Yes, I spent more than I initially want- its insides were clean and there was ed; however there are good reasons no evidence of internal electrical why. While looking at FFT software 93

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RECHARGEABLE Futaba / M202SDO8GL Two rows of 20 characters displayed in a 5 X 7 VACUUM FLUORESCENT DISPLAY GEL CELL BATTERIES dot matrix. Bright green 5 mm X 3.5mm characters. On board CPU, driver and DC -DC converter simplifies hook -up and interfacing. Operates free, i Maintenance on 5 Vdc. Displays 215 different characters in- rechargeable gel cell cluding alphanumeric and other symbols. ASCII batteries are an excel- r F-r-- -z: configuration. Module overall dimensions: 6.1" X F1 lent back -up power 1.7" X 0.7' thick. source for alarms, communications -s _ . . ... These displays were modified somewhat from -t---1_ r 4 . f :._-5.1t equipment, lighting or ly original specifications and we do not know the I 11111 III computers. They can If) III IIIIII I 111 -1111.1111 1111111 exact nature of the modifications. They work fine be used in any posi- IIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIII in the test mode, but we don't know if the original CATO VFM -2 tion and can be trickle interface is the same. We supply a data/ hook- charged for long periods of time. These were removed up sheet for the pre -modified device which, from new equipment and are guaranteed functional. hopefully, provides most of the information $ 12.00 each necessary to use the display. 6 Volts @7A/h Yuasa NP7 -6 or equiva lent. ULTRASONIC 6" X 1.36" X 3.7' high. $ 1 each PROXIMITY DETECTOR CATO GC-67 4.00 10 AMP SOLID STATE RELAY 12 Volts @ 1.2 A/h Yuasa / NP1.2 -12 or eq uivalent. Teledyne Relays/615-8500 3.8" X 1.81' X 2' high. Control voltage: 3 -32 Vdc CATO GC -1212 $ 7.50 each Load: 10 amp, 250 Vac 50/60 Hz Standard 'hockey puck" size: 2.27' X 1.72' X 0.95'. Screw and qc/solder terminals. 12 Volts @ 5.4 A/h UL and CSA listed. The ED -100 was designed for use as an auto/truck/RV Yuasa * NPG5.4 -12 or equivalent. back-up alarm. A digital display and audible beeper 3.54' X 2.75' X 4' high. inside the vehicle inform the driver of the distance to when the vehicle is within 14 feet of CATO GC -1254 $ 1 8.50 each impact beginning $10.50each another object. Two 40 kHz ultrasonic emitter /detector modules, measuring 5.81' long X 1.9" wide, 2.05' thick, CAT/ SSRLY -14 10 for $95.00 attach to the rear of the vehicle. The device operates 12 Volts @ 7 A/h on 12 or 24 Vdc. These units are new, in original cartons and include Yuasa / NP7 -12 or equivalent. instructions. The company that marketed this device 3.8" X 1.81' X 2' high. is no longer in business, and no manufacturer's CATO GC -127 $ 25.00 each guarantee is in effect. We offer these ultrasonic detectors for 240 X 128 DOT LCD DISPLAY experimentation only, and In no way wish to promote their usefulness ea a driving aid. @ ma. 11 Vdc 500 Originally sold CA Optrex/ DMF66ON -S WALL TRANSFORMER over 240 X 128 dot LCD $100.00. r set module with on -board 2 95 We have lots of these drivers. Will display brand new wall trans- SPECIAL! graphics, figures and formers rated 11 Vdc characters. @ 500 ma., but they LED Module size: waw ULTRABRIGHT work fine at 12 volts. 5.68' X 4.1' X 0.5" thick. With no load they put Viewing area: 4.1" X 2.52'. Toshiba / TLRA180AP out 16.2 Vdc. 2.1mm id Dot size: 0.4mm X 0.4mm. High contrast, wide viewing High brightness T -1 3/4 LED. Water- power plug center angle. Low voltage drive and low power consumption. Uses clear, lights red. 3000 mcd ® 20 mA. positive. White case - fitting controllers LSIMSM6255, HD64646,SED1330, Great for indoor or outdoor displays. U.L listed SED1351. Includes hook -up instructions and specs. CAT/ DCTX -115 CAT/ LCD -is 2 for $1.00 CAT/ LED-19 $ 2.00.6 100 for $175.00 $29.95 each 100 for $45.00

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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ANY TOTAL COST FOR SHIPPING OF ONE, OR AS MANY OF THE FOLLOWING ITEMS BY AIR MAIL IS $15 ALL PRICES /VOTRON IC ARE IN US DOLLARS QUALITY ELECTRONIC LASERCOMS Communicate high quality audio or data PASSIVE NIGHT VIEWER TEST EQUIPMENT on an IR laser beam. Circuitry employs FM techniques with a 200KHz carrier. Sales Service The kit includes two PCBs (transmitter and receiver), all the on -board components, bay an electret microphone, a speaker, a wAir P/us 5mW -780nM laser diode, o suitable Specialists in - Fluke, collimating lens, and the instructions. FAX4sPmeyo n/ That's everything you need to make a Hewlett Packard, Tektronix high quality IR laser communications link which has been tested to over 300 metres. An optional relay (12V) makes this unit NIST Traceable/Mil Spec 45662A double up as a perimeter protection system. Relay activates when the boom is Calibration Available broken. $39 This kit is based on a BRAND NEW A similar kit which does not include the monocular night vision scope which is laser diode and the collimating lens, but completely assembled and requires an TECHNICAL SUPPORT is supplied with an IR LED instead, is also EHT power supply. The EHT power available. This kit produces identical supply is provided in kit form, and is easy results over a much shorter range of 3 -4 to build. The scope employs a high gain Oscilloscope Specials metres. All that is necessary to passive first generation image intensifier demonstrate communications on o light tube which is made in Russia. It will Tek 465 100 MHZ $489.00 beam, a light beam relay, and "fibre Produce useful images in sub- moonlight optic" cable communications. Fibre optic illumination, and can be IR assisted in Tek 465B 100 MHZ $589.00 cable is not supplied. total darkness. $23 $240 Tek 475 200 MHZ $649.00 12V relay suitable for use with Available "Ready made" for an Tek 475A 250 MHZ $749.00 either of the above: $2 extra. additional $50 ALL EQUIPMENT SOLD WITH WARRANTY IR BINOCULARS High quality helmet mount, ex- military For more GREAT VALUES Call, Write, or FAX binocular viewer. Will stretch and clip over most military and some lightweight P.O. Box 708, Medford, MA 02155 constructors helmets. Note that the helmet is not provided. Self powered by one 1.5V, "C" size (617) 391 -6858 FAX (617) 391 -6903 battery. Adjustable eyepiece and focus: from 1 metre to infinity. Requires IR illumination. Limited stocks, at a $220CLEARANCE PRICE OF MINIATURE FM INFRA RED TUBE TONY TALLI'S ORIGINAL TRANSMITTER AND SUPPLY Not a kit, but o very small ready made self contained FM transmitter TELEVIEW DISTRIBUTORS enclosed in a small black metal case. It is powered by a single small 1.5V silver oxide battery, and WHERE OUR VALUED hos on inbuilt electret CUSTOMERS' microphone. Specific- ations: Tuning range: 88- 108MHz; Antenna: Wire antenna - attached; ßpShNFSs Microphone: Electret condenser; Battery: One 1.5V silver oxide LR44 / G13; These are the key components needed for Battery life: 60 hours; Weight: 15g; making on INFRA RED NIGHT VIEWER. Dimensions: 1.3' X 0.9' X 0.4'. The tubes will convert infra red light into visible light on the phosphur screen. These are prefocussed tubes similar to type $26 6929. Do not require a focus voltage. All that is needed to make the tube IS HONESTLY APPRECIATED INFRA RED FILTER operational is a low current EHT power supply, which we provide in kit form. A very high IR quality filter and a Draws 20mA from a small 9V battery. RUBBER lens cover that would fit over INCREDIBLE PRICING: most torches including MAGLITEs and .SUR PRICES covert them to a good source of IR. The $60 filter materiaf withstands high For the image converter tube temperatures and produces an output and an EHT power supply kitl All which would not be visible from a few that is needed to make a metres away and in total darkness. complete IR night viewer Is a 1 800 847 3773 Suitable for use with passive and active lens, an eyepiece, a 9V battery, viewers. a case and a switch. We may eaC( Zle %ndaq $11 have available some low cost For the filter and the rubber lens lenses and ready made power cover. supplies to suit. 90 DAY GUARANTEE OATLEY ELECTRONICS SCIENTIFIC ATLANTA P.O. BOX 89. OATLEY. SYDNEY. NSW. AUSTRALIA 2223 rz! PHONE ORDERS FAX ORDERS JERROLD PIONEER East Coast between 7 pm and 2 am 011 61 2 5707910 West Coast between 4 pm and 11 pm Mastercard - Visacard with 011 61 2 5794985 Telephone or Fax Orders International Bank Drafts and Money Orders with Mail Orders OAK HAMLIN If possible include contact phone and fax number 124 HRS. M - F 9-4 PST NO NV. SALES

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www.americanradiohistory.comAmericanRadioHistory.Com ADVERTISING INDEX POPULAR ELECTRONICS magazine does not assume any responsibility for errors that ADVERTISING SALES OFFICE may appear in the index below. Free Information No. Page Gernsback Publications, Inc. 53 ITC Instruments I I I 500 -B Bi- County Blvd. A &D Electronics 137 ITC Microcomponents - - Inc. 115 Farmingdale, NY 11735 Agrelo - Engineering 137 37 Jan Crystals 132 1 -(516) 293 -3000 26 Alfa Electronics 131 39 John Bell 119 Larry Steckler, EHF /CET 28 All Electronics 97 - JP Video 118 President - Allen Engineering 120 38 Kelvin Electronics 107 Christina Estrada Assistant to the President 27 Alltronics 114 - M &G Electronics 134 For Advertising ONLY 151 AMC Sales 9 Marymac Industries Inc. - 136 516- 293 -3000 Andromeda Research 135 154 MCM Electronics 115 Fax 1- 516 -293 -3115 - Antique Electronic Supply 80 - MD Electronics 109 Larry Steckler - Antique Radio Classified 80 - Mega Electronics 136 publisher - Asher Engineering 116 - Mental Automation 126 Arline Fishman advertising director 50 B &S Sales 108 42 MicroCode Engineering 130 Denise Mullen 30 Bel Merit 106 Modern Electronics 136 - advertising assistant 152 BG Micro 110 Mondo- tronics - 122 Kelly Twist - C&C Specialties 134 163 Mouser 19 credit manager 32 C &S Sales 104 - Oatley Electronics 124 31 Caig Labs 99 43 Optoelectronics Subscription/ 96 Customer Service/ - CBC International 80 - NRI Schools 29 Order Entry 51 Cellular Link 120 - Nu -Tek 79 1 -800- 827 -0383 7:30 AM - 8:30 PM EST - CIE 15 - Phillips Tech 136 CLAGGK Inc. Video Offer.... CV3 47 Prairie Digital Inc 120 - ADVERTISING SALES OFFICES CLAGGK Inc 73, 85, 92 46 Print 135 Command Productions 19, 126 150 Print 123 EAST/SOUTHEAST Communication Specialists 137 Progressive Concepts - 134 Stanley Levitan CompCo 137 RC Distributing Co. 136 Eastern Sales Consumertronics 135 RC Electronics 137 1 Overlook Ave. Great Neck, NY 11021 Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. . 5 Self -Reliance Co. Inc. 119 1- 516 -487 -9357, 1- 516- 293 -3000 DCI Publications 134 Sescom Inc. 125 Fax 1- 516 -487 -8402 EDE 128 Seymor -Radix Inc 80 MIDWEST/Texas EMAC 125 Sil Walker /Arkansas/ 135 Oklahoma, Colorado, Arizona - Electronic Technology Tbday . 75, 81 - Silicon Valley Surplus 137 Ralph Bergen - Electronics Book Club 63 Skyvision (Small) 130 - Midwest Sales Firestick - II 80 - Skyvision Inc 117 One Northfield Plaza, Suite 300 153 Fluke Corporation CV4 Software Science 128 Northfield. IL 60093 -1214 1 -708- 446 -1444 - Foley-Belsaw 103 Software Systems Consulting .... 89 - Fax 1-708-559-0562 - Forest Electrtonics 125 - Spy Supply 112 - Fotronics 124 - Start* International 113 PACIFIC COAST /Mountain States GeoBan Engineering 126 Tab Books - - 11 Mike Brooks 14 Global Specialties 3 130 Tech Sery 135 Hutch Looney & Assoc.. Inc. - Grantham College of Engineering 17 - Tele View Distributors 124 1800 North Highland Avenue Suite 717 Great Southern Security 17r1 159 The School of VCR Repair 23 Hollywood. CA 90028 - Greenleaf Electronics Inc. 119 136 UCANDO Videos 132 1- 213 -462 -2700 - I.C. Engineering 136 - Universal Electronics Inc 115 Fax 1- 213 -463 -0544 - Information Unlimited 102 - US Cable (Zentek) 123 36 Interactive Image Technologies 100 - Video Spectra 130, 137 - Itronics ., 137 133 Weka Publishing 129 - Inverter Scientific 134 - World College 7 - ISCET 25 WPT Publications 123 138 51 Island LogiX Inc 127 134 Xandi Electronics 127

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A COMPANY OF :ISEIECTA MEW ROHM EOM. ..lron4 SPRAGUE Swuhhcran Rohm Electronics Division A waythsttrw Company Switches, Relays, Terminals, Switches. Connectors. Jacks, Plugs. Non -CFC Cleaners /Degreasers, Resistors, Ceramic Capacitors, - & Audio Accessories Indicator /Pilot Lights, LED Indicators, Jackfields UV Cured Compounds, Swabs, Wipes, Transistors/Diodes, Tantalum Capacitors, Wet & Foil Test Clips, Test Leads, Cable Ties and Brushes, Wick, Cleanroom Supplies, and Opto Components and IC's Capacitors. Resistor Networks, Heat Shrinkable Tubing Resistor Capacitors Networks, Filters Static Control Products. They sell through distributors. They belong to the E.I.A. They belong on your vendor list.

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