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PUBLISHED BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE, AT 26 VESEY STREET, NEW YORK CITY Conducted by W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, Business Manager

Contents for December, 1913

PICTURES COVER PICTURE: Madonna and the Child. Copyright photograph from life by W. L. Brockman. (Orders taken by THE CRISIS) "MAMMY'S LI'L BABY BOY." Page Photograph from life by Grace Moseley 67 THE NATIONAL EMANCIPATION EXPOSITION: THE TEMPLE OF BEAUTY IN THE GREAT COURT OF FREEDOM 78 THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT OF THE NEGRO RACE: FORTY MAIDENS DANCE BEFORE THE ENTHRONED PHARAOH RA, THE NEGRO 79

ARTICLES THE MAN THEY DIDN'T KNOW. A Story. By James D. Corrothers. Part 1 85 CHILDREN OF THE SUN. A Poem. By Fenton Johnson 91

DEPARTMENTS ALONG THE COLOR LINE 59 MEN OF THE MONTH 65 OPINION 68 EDITORIAL 80 NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 88 THE BURDEN 92

TEN CENTS A COPY; ONE DOLLAR A YEAR FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: When a subscription blank is attached to this page a renewal of your subscription is desired. The date of the expiration of your subscription will be found on the wrapper. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks' notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the Post Office at New York, N. Y. 56 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

"In the Heart of the Healthy Hills" Atlanta University The Agricultural and Is beautifully LOCATED in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses OF STUDY include High School, Nor­ mal School and College, with manual training Mechanical College and domestic science. Among the teachers are NORMAL, ALABAMA GRADUATES of Yale, Harvard, Dartmouth, Smith and Wellesley. Forty-two years of successful Makes a special effort to meet the needs of work have been completed. Students come from young people who must work out their own salva­ tion. It gives breadwinners a chance to go to ALL parts of the South. Graduates are almost school and so puts a first-class English education and universally successful. A trade within the reach of every young person of push and purpose. For further information address Board, lodging and washing cost $9 per month. An entrance fee of $10 covers medicine, hospital PRESIDENT EDWARD T. WARE care and doctor's bill for the year. ATLANTA, GA. School opens the first Monday in October and closes the last Thursday in May.

WALTER S. BUCHANAN, PRESIDENT Knoxville College BEAUTIFUL SITUATION. HEALTHFUL LOCATION. THE BEST MORAL AND SPIRITUAL ENVIRONMENT Virginia Union University A SPLENDID INTELLECTUAL ATMOSPHERE. NOTED FOR HONEST AND THOROUGH WORK. RICHMOND, VA. Offers full courses in the following departments: A College Department, of high standards AND College, Normal, High School, Grammar School and modern curriculum. Industrial. Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good A Theological Department, with all subjects drainage. Expenses very reasonable. generally required in the best theological seminaries. Opportunity for Self-help. An Academy, with manual training, giving A preparation for life or for college. FALL TERM BEGAN SEPTEMBER, 1913. The positive moral and religious aim of thi For information address school, its high standards of entrance and of class PRESIDENT R. W. MCGRANAHAN work, its fine new building's and well-equipped laboratories and library prepare a faithful student KNOXVILLE, TENN. for a life of wide usefulness.

GEORGE RICE HOVEY, PRESIDENT

The Agricultural and ST. MARY'S SCHOOL

Mechanical College AN EPISCOPAL BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE SISTERS OF ST. MARY. ADDRESS:

THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Maintained by the govern, 611 N. 43D ST. W. PHILADELPHIA, PA. ments of North Carolina and of the United States. Open all the BISHOP COLLEGE, MARSHALL. TEX. MAINTAINS COLLEGE, ACADEMIC, THEOLOGICAL, MUSICAL, NORMAL, year round. For males only. GRAMMAR AND INDUSTRIAL DEPARTMENTS. OFFERS THE MOST ad­ VANCED COURSES AND IS THE BEAT-EQUIPPED SCHOOL FOR NEGROES In Winter term begins December 1, THE SOUTHWEST FOR INFORMATION ADDRESS C. H. MAXSON, PRESIDENT 1913. Board, lodging and tuition, $7 per month. Best opportunities CARNEGIE COLLEGE-HOME STUDY for Negro youth. Night school "60 PAGE BULLETIN FREE" for indigent but ambitious young COURSES BY MAIL GRAM MAR SCHOOL AGRICULTURAL HIGH SCHOOL POULTRY men. For catalog or further NORMA DOMESTIC SCIENCE PROFESSIONA CIVIL SERVICE information, address PENMANSHIP ENGINEERING TYPE-WRITING DRAWING SHORT-HAND ENGLISH BOOK-KEEPING LANGUAGE LAW REAL ESTATE PRESIDENT DUDLEY REDUCED rates OF tuition to first APPLICANTS. FOR "FREE BULLETIN" A. & M. COLLEGE GREENSBORO, N. C. AND "SPECIAL Scholarship," APPLY CARNEG1E COLLEGE Pres GALBREATH No. 19D St., ROGERS. Ohio. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 57

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WHAT THE WORLD IS SAYING ABOUT OF INTEREST TO VOCAL STUDENTS TONE-PLACING AND VOICE- DEVELOPMENT Points explained, viz.: Breath in Singing, Trying the Voice, the A Soprano, the Mezzo-Soprano, the Contralto, Tenor Leggiero or High Tenor, the Baritone, the Bass, Little Parts of the Vocal Apparatus, the Mouth, the Tongue, Position When Practising, Position When Singing, Dreaming How to Practice, Good Rules for Singing. Comment from the world-renowned conductor of the Paulist Choir of Chicago, 111., whose choir has By just received the first prize awarded at the Sing­ FENTON ing Contest held in Paris on May 25, 1912: "Dear Mr. Tlnsley: JOHNSON "I take great pleasure In commending your very useful and succinctly written book on 'Tone-Placing AND Voice-Develop- Who is acclaimed by prominent critic: . ment.' Tour own appreciation of the psychology of singing and the fundamental principles of the art you have cleverly authors and the international press as the foremost reduced to A simple system. Cordially yours, romantic poet and one of the greatest writers of "Father WILLIAM J. FINN. C. S. P.. African strain. Director Paulist Choristers of Chicago." "Praiseworthy in the ways of imagination, mys­ From "Musical Courier," N. T.: "A very practical little ticism and romance."—Chicago "Daily News." book Is 'Tone-Placing and Voice-Development,' by Pedro T. Tlnsley. It contains some very excellent material and vocal Josephine Turck Baker, editor of "Correct Eng­ exercises, and should be in the hands of all vocal students." lish," says: "When the young poet brought his From "Music News," Chicago, I1L: "Accordingly his verses to me I felt that a new singer had come 'Practical METHOD of Singing' is A most concise and practical among us, singing of love, of passion, of joy and little manual, containing many valuable vocal exercises. It sorrow, sounding the depths and climbing the cannot fall to be helpful to all ambitious vocal students." heights. In the brighter passages there exists the HELPED HIM GREATLY deft touch of the born artist, while in the deeper "Since I practised your exercises of 'Tone-Placing moments he makes sentient the emotions of the and Voice-Development' my voice is more resonant soul—a soul that has lived and suffered." than it has been for years. It seems to me that I am getting a new voice." Prof. John T. Layton, Published by Peterson Company, Chicago. Vellum Director Coleridge-Taylor Musical Society, 1722 10th de luxe edition, 75 cents, net, illustrated. St., N. W., Washington, D. C. Now running in its second edition. PRICE $1.00 Agents wanted in colleges, towns and cities. Address the publisher: PEDRO T. TINSLET Address: 6448 Drexel Avenue CHICAGO, ILL. CENTRAL DISTRIBUTION STATION ARCHITECTS 3522 State Street Suite 5 Chicago, 111.

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WILLIAM L. BELL Statement of the Ownership, Management etc , OF THE CRISIS, published monthly at 26 Vesev Architect Street, New York, required by the act of August 24, 1912. 6 138^ Auburn Avenue - - - Atlanta, Ga. Editor: W. E. Burghardt Du Bois, 26 Vesev Street, New York City. Business Manager: Augustus Granville Dill, 26 CONCERT SOLOIST Vesey Street, New York City. Publisher: The National Association for the LULA ROBINSON-JONES Advancement of Colored People, 26 Vesey Street Soprano New York City. Owners: The National Association for the Ad­ For terms write 32 West 131st Street, vancement of Colored People, a corporation with no stock. New York City Known bondholders, mortgagees and other security holders, holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount OF bonds, mortgages OR other securities, none. MME. FANNIE BELLE DE KNIGHT A. G. DILL, Dramatic and Dialect Reader. Engagements so­ licited. Students given special training in the Business Manager, Delsarte Method. Instruction also given in Dialect Sworn to and subscribed before me this first English Grammar and Rhetoric. day of October, 1913. Terms Reasonable. H. ARRINGTON, Telephone Morningside 9045 Notary Public, Studio: 231 W. 134th St. New York City [Seal] County of Queens. Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS

Vol. 7—No. 2 DECEMBER. 1913 Whole No. 38

ALONG THE COLOR LINE

SOCIAL UPLIFT. *I Carroll Trotty, a colored hotel waiter, rescued a white boy from drowning in the MISS MARY VIDA CLARK, assistant Thunderbolt River in Savannah recently. A secretary of the children's depart­ ment of the State Charities Aid Association, 1 The colored people had three floats in the 289 Fourth Avenue, Room 82, New York, Columbus Day parade in Boston, represent­ wants to send a charming little colored girl ing the Crispus Attucks incident, the attack of 3, pictured here, to Darlington, S. C, on Fort Wagner and the part played by to a clergyman and his wife, who have colored women in the Civil War. One of agreed to adopt her. These good people be­ the prizes awarded for the best portrayal came interested in the little girl through Miss of an historical feature was won by the Clark's story which appeared in THE CRISIS Crispus Attucks float. for January, 1913. Will any readers of •I Judge Kananagh, of the Illinois Supreme THE CRISIS who expect to be traveling Court, made a strong plea for justice South soon, and who would be willing to toward the Negro in a speech delivered be­ take the little girl to her new home, kindly fore the Irish Fellowship Club in Chicago. communicate with Miss Clark? It would He advocated the appointment of a national be necessary to take the child to the nearest commission to inquire into the existing dis­ large city where she could be met. criminations against the Negro.

^ Colored girls employed as waitresses in Gimbel's department store, in New York City, who were discharged some time ago, have been reinstated.

•I Among the three heroes of the "Volturno" disaster who stand out above the rest was S. J. Rudder, a colored fireman who stuck to his post, reviving the confidence of the other firemen, and finally jumped into the sea, late in the night.

•I Recently hotels at St. Louis, Baltimore, Albany, N. Y., Lake George and other places have dismissed white waiters for col­ ored ones.

§ Tamina, Tex., with a population of white and colored, has a colored postmistress. 60 THE CRISIS

Pittsburgh, Pa., has installed colored eleva­ tor men in the place of white ones. «I John D. Rockefeller has subscribed $2,500 to the National League on Urban Condi­ tions, located in New York City, provided the league raises the additional $13,500 of the budget of $16,000.

1 The Negroes of Kansas City, Mo., are as a trained nurse issued by authority of attempting to raise $30,000 for a colored the State board of nurse examiners of hospital, as the colored people of that city Tennessee. This certificate was obtained have few hospital facilities. Recently the through the efforts of the Nashville Negro Kansas City colored people raised $30,000 board of trade, which took the matter up for a Y. M. C. A. almost two years ago. Even after the board ^ A certain man whose name is not given had won its ease there were objections from has written to the editor of the New York the white nurses in the State. Globe offering the use of a number of large houses in New Jersey, about an hour's ride EDUCATION. from New York, to be used as a social ' I ' THE American Colonization Society has settlement for Negroes. A paid over to Liberia $60,000 for the H At a recent baby show held in Fall education of the children of the Negro re­ River, Mass., the first prize was won by a public. This was the gift of Caroline one-year-old colored baby, the only colored Donovan, bequeathed twenty-seven years entrant in the contest. ago, but legally involved up to this time. *I A National Tennis Association was re­ ^ Eight Southern States were represented cently organized in Baltimore by colored in the second annual meeting of the delegates representing that city, Washing­ Association of Negro Industrial and ton and Philadelphia. All cities in which Secondary Schools held at 26 Vesey Street. there are tennis clubs will be invited to join The association adopted a constitution and the association. Dr. Henry Freeman, of plans. Washington, is president and Mr. Adams, •I Both in Savannah and Atlanta, Ga., thou­ of Philadelphia, secretary-treasurer of the sands of colored school children have been association. turned away from the schools because there *I Colored women in Birmingham, Ala., is no room for them. In Atlanta some of have formed an anti-tuberculosis club. the largest grades are in the damp, dark There are absolutely no provisions made for basements. A new school has been promised colored people at the Birmingham tubercu­ Savannah next year, which will alleviate losis camp. conditions somewhat.

^ Miss Minnie D. Woodard, a graduate of Cleveland Lemons.

*I The board of education of Washington, South Africa, there are 250 schools for more," is being sung by a Broadway star Negroes, with a total attendance of 12,175. in the "Passing Show of 1913." MUSIC AND ART. ^ Miss Ira Aldrieh, daughter of the cele­ "XT?WHE NMis s Kitty Cheatham gave her brated tragedian of the same name, is be­ song recital in the Royal Academic coming known as a composer in England High School for Music, at the invitation of under the nom de plume of Montague Ring. the University of Berlin, she concluded the Miss Aldrich's "Three African Dances" were first part of her program with Negro favorites at their majesties' ball at Buck­ numbers—a Paul Laurence Dunbar excerpt ingham Palace July 23, and her "Have You' and some specially requested Negro songs. Forgotten 1" waltz is becoming the usual thing in theatre orchestras and at public Mme. Lillian Nordica and the artists of and private dances. her party, Paul Dufault, Franklin Holding PERSONAL. and Romayne Simmons, with whom she ap­ peared in concerts at the Hawaiian Opera MRS. SARAH FIELDS, of 246 Carroll House this summer, were guests of ex- 1 1 Street, North Side, Pittsburgh, Pa., Queen Liliuokalani, at her home in Hono­ widow of Hugh Fields, in order to secure lulu. Hawaiian airs were played by a her husband's pension, needs the affidavits string quartet. of two witnesses to his first wife's burial. The first Mrs. Fields died twenty-two years Florence ^ Prof. Earl Finch, a prominent young Cole-Talbert, soprano, of Los Angeles; Mr. colored educator, who for the past few Le Roy Godman, tenor, of Columbus, O., years has been dean of the college depart­ and Mr. Stewart, organist. The accompa­ ment in Wilberforce University, is dead. 62 THE CRISIS

When Professor Finch took his master's COURTS. degree in Chicago University it is said that UDGE E. T. WADE, of the Branch he stood the second highest of anyone who J Municipal Court of Chicago, dismissed had ever studied in the university. the ease brought against the proprietor of <1 Robert H. Holmes, who was appointed the Monarch Theatre for discriminating a policeman, is the second colored appointee against a colored man, Robert Anderson, in Manhattan. He has taken up his duties and his wife. in the 28th precinct. On petition of some colored citizens the •I Mrs. Agnes Smallwood. the well-known Pennsylvania Supreme Court has granted singer of Washington. D. C, died there to Frederick Brown, a colored man who is October 7. charged with murdering a white man, J. T. Durst, seven years ago in South Carolina, MEETINGS. an appeal from the decision of Judge Ferguson dismissing his writ of habeas THE Kentucky State Teachers' Associa- corpus in resisting extradition to South tion held its annual session in Louis­ Carolina. It is said that Cole Blease has ville from November 12 to 14. The colored expressed himself as being willing to lead schools were closed on these days. a mob to lynch Brown if he returns to his The Afro-American Council of Presby­ State. terian Churches held its twentieth annual Q When George W. Boyles, a colored man session in Baltimore last month. accused of murder, was acquitted in the THE CHURCH. Quarter Sessions Court No. 1, in Philadel­ phia, Assistant District Attorney Rogers THERE was a special meeting of the was very angry and asked Judge McMicheal Episcopal convention, which was held to order the jury from the box. The judge in New York last month, to discuss the did as he was asked, reminding the second welfare of the Negro. The most important jury that was called that they had a duty issue discussed was the appointing of col­ to perform toward the commonwealth. The ored bishops over each diocese having col­ decision in the case of the colored man ored members. As usual, no decision was stood. reached, and the question will be brought The Supreme Court of Mississippi has up again at the next general meeting three rendered a decision upholding a statute of years hence. The music at this meeting that State which requires interstate rail­ was furnished by six vested Negro choirs, roads whose trains pass through the State ranging from small boys to young men. to maintain separate accommodations for At the national council of Congregational white and colored passengers. This decision churches, which met in Kansas City, Mo., was the result of a suit for damages the last of October, a resolution was passed brought by a white woman who had been appealing to President Wilson to use his compelled to remain in a Pullman coach in good offices against the ''humiliation, op­ which there were three colored men. The pression and segregation of Negro employees jury awarded the woman a verdict of under the government at Washington, D. C." $15,000. q The House of St. Michael and All 1 By a new law barkeepers in Pensacola, Angels in Philadelphia, in charge of the Fla., who have separate counters for white Sisters of Saint Margaret, an order belong­ and colored people must buy two licenses. ing to the Episcopal Church, is perhaps the

York, with several white actresses, and the the members that "some steps should be proprietor refused to serve her. When the taken to enable white communities to pro­ matter was carried into court Joel was lined tect themselves from the evils of what is at $100 by Judge Nathan Oppenheimer. present held to be the result of the wholly THE GHETTO. unregulated presence of white and colored farms in the same neighborhood." ' I ' THIS is the law recently passed by the •"• legislature of Florida and signed by *J One member of the Oakland Center, of Governor Trammel, viz.: the California Civic League, has resigned and a general dissension is threatened be­ Chapter 6490, laws of Florida, act 1913. cause there were present at a lunch given An act prohibiting white persons from by this club five women from the Colored teaching Negroes in Negro schools, and pro­ Women's Alameda County Center. hibiting Negro teachers from teaching white children in white schools in the State of •J The Birmingham (Ala.) segregation bill Florida, and providing for the penalty has been declared unconstitutional. therefor. *I The indignation of the white public-school Be it enacted by the legislature of the children of Newport, O., and of their par­ State of Florida: ents was aroused because these children Section 1. From and after the passage attended a stereoptican lecture at which col­ of this act it shall be unlawful in this ored children were also auditors. The State for white teachers to teach Negroes superintendent stated that this was the in Negro schools, and for Negro teachers result of a mistake and that hereafter col­ to teach in white schools. ored children would be given lectures when Sec. 2. Any person or persons violating no white children were present. the provisions of this act shall be punished *I Anderson, S. C, has passed a segregation by a fine not to exceed $500, or by impris­ ordinance. onment in the county jail, not exceeding six 1 The Kansas University football team is months. complaining and attempting to refuse to See. 3. This act shall take effect upon play with Nebraska because there is a col­ and after its passage and approval by the ored man on Nebraska's team. So fax governor. Nebraska has refused to change the team. Approved June 7, 1913. ^ A bill is now before the legislature of ^ Dr. Marcus Wheatland, a well-known col­ North Carolina which, if enacted, will pro­ ored physician of Newport, R. I., has been vide for the separation of white and colored denied a renewal of his membership in the people in all the towns of that State. Vanderbilt Young Men's Christian Associa­ •3 A private home for Negro children, oper­ tion of that city. The same organization has ated by Mrs. Eldridge in Morgan Park, refunded the membership fees of another Baltimore, has been closed by the health colored member, asking him to resign. authorities. The purpose of this move was

SI Five colored postal clerks in Georgia CRIME. are said to have been dismissed without ' • ' THE following lynchings have occurred trial. during the past month: SI Because substation No. 126 of the Brook­ SI At Hazlehurst, Miss., Wilson Evans, a lyn (N. Y.) postoffice had two colored young colored man, charged with attacking carriers whom the people are said to have a white girl. complained about, the station has been SI At Ocala, Fla., an unknown Negro discontinued. The station was in charge of found hanging from a tree. No other facts a Southern Democrat, H. P. Hill. are known. SI Two policemen and three plain-clothes men SI At Monroe, La., Warren Eaton, accused are stationed near the house of Charles of making an insulting remark to a white Shipley, a colored resident of 708 Madison woman. Avenue, Baltimore. Shipley has received threatening letters signed: "Committee of SI At Madison, La., a Negro accused of Decent White Citizens Against Negro Inva­ assaulting a white girl. sion." One of the letters said that dynamite SI One Negro was killed in a race riot in would be used by a member of the "Black Joliet, 111., caused by the attempts of a Negro Hand" society. to free a colored woman who was in prison. SI The colored people of Baltimore are pre­ SI Charles Myers, who is in prison in Jones- paring to fight segregation. At the last boro, Ark., under a death sentence, may be report they had raised $230 and were wait­ freed. The prosecuting witness, Malissa ing for the Court of Appeals to give its Johns, now says that Myers did not attack detailed opinions before taking any definite her, but that her injuries were caused by a steps. fall, and the other witnesses also admit SI The white residents of Baltimore County false testimony. are now clamoring for the same segregation SI George Still, a white watchman on Mayo's ordinance as has been passed for the city. bridge, Richmond, Va., who was charged SI Representative John J. Rogers, from with the murder of George Washington, an Massachusetts, has asked the House to in­ aged colored man, by a blow, has been vestigate the alleged segregation of Negroes acquitted. in the government employ. SI Henry Williams, a colored man, was SI It is said that there is a movement on killed by two white officers in Laurenburg, foot to assign white officers to the colored N. C., in a fray between the three men. regiment of infantry in New York. SI J. M. Wilker shot and mortally wounded a Negro in Memphis, who brushed up SI W. L. Delaney, the new collector of cus­ toms in Key West, Fla., has discharged the against him on the sidewalk. colored officeholders under him by either SI Four men have been charged with night discontinuing or abolishing the offices which riding and posting threatening letters to they held. Negroes in the vicinity of Jonesboro, Ark.

SI Frederick Anderson, a colored farmer, SI An unknown white man, with his face who lives near Richardson, Tex., was ar­ blackened like a Negro, robbed a woman in rested by a constable and told that he was Tennessee, leaving her senseless. It hap­ accused of two crimes and had better plead pened in this case that some of the burnt guilty to one, so as to be released from the cork rubbed off, giving the police a clue other. What these crimes were was not and preventing the lynching of an inno­ specified. Anderson was fined $25 after cent Negro. three days' detention in jail, but says that SI The colored, citizens of El Centro, Cal., he was not taken into a courtroom or before threaten to withdraw their patronage from a justice of the peace. While he was im­ a "Jim Crow" school established in the red- prisoned eight bales of cotton and fifteen light district of that city. This school is loads of hay were taken from his farm. carried on in violation of the law, and The case has been taken before the grand Negroes cannot be forced to send their jury. children there. FLORIDA BUSINESS MEN. is the founder of Fessenden Academy, and /~\CALA, Fla., has 3,000 colored in- the cashier, F. P. Gadson, is the owner of habitants, and there are 12,000 others the largest dry-goods and notion store in the surrounding county. This has offered owned by a colored man in the United a chance for industrial co-operation. There States. Other directors are Dr. Williams, is a thriving sea-island cotton factory, con­ a well-to-do physician, Messrs. A. S. Rich­ siderable exporting of moss and velvet ardson, D. W. Goodwin, Charles Stewart, beans, while colored men have numerous J. S. LaRoche, N. T. Brown and S. H. stores and are supporting professional men. Hadley. Recently the Metropolitan Realty and In­ vestment Company has been organized and A PHYSICIAN. has erected a $20,000 building. In this a bank with a capital of $25,000 has been -T\R. EDWARD DUNN BROWN was located. The president of the company, born in Newbern, N. C, May 27, George Giles, is a large holder of real 1877, and died this spring in Chicago. He estate. The vice-president, Joseph L. Wiley, was educated at the University of Penn-

BANK OF THE METROPOLITAN REALTY AND INVESTMENT CO., OCALA, PLA, 66 THE CRISIS

editor-in-chief of this official organ of the diocese. He was married to Miss L. W. Gamble in 1901 and they have three children. Under ordinary circumstances and in an ordinary country one would end this biog­ raphy here, simply noting that a well- equipped man has become editor of an influential paper. But in America to-day we must call attention to two facts: First, that a colored man can edit a paper: and secondly, that no matter what a colored man can do he so seldom gets a chance to try that where he does it is worth a column in the newspaper. How wretched a situation, and how pitiable a cause that needs such weapons! The one damning thing in race prejudice is the deeds it feels itself com­ pelled to do in the name of humanity. Moreover, what goes as a matter of course in this case might lead to riots and lynching in others. Suppose the bishop of this diocese had been a coward and afraid of race prejudice? Or suppose Mr. Williams had shirked- his task and chance THE LATE DR. E. D. BROWN. for fear of offending some prejudiced white sylvania, and took his doctor's degree from brother? But why suppose? Let us rather Harvard. He settled in Ohiea'go and be­ thank God that now and then things go right came an ambulance surgeon of the city even in America. health department, but was compelled to resign on account of color prejudice. From that time he practised in the city and was well thought of by his fellows and the public. B A SUCCESSFUL CLERGYMAN. TP HE Rev. John Albert Williams was A born in London, Ont., February 28. 1866. He was educated in the public schools of Canada and Detroit, Mich., and received his theological training at tne Sea- bury Divinity School, graduating in 1899, and taking up his work as deacon in St. Barnabas' Church. Omaha. Neb. Eventually he became priest of the Church of St. Philip the Deacon, of Omaha. Neb., and has remained there ever since. In 1892 he was elected assistant secretary of the diocese of Nebraska and has served continuously in that office. In 1906 he was appointed historiographer of the diocese. In 1910 he was made one of the bishop's examining chaplains; in 1909 he was asso­ ciate editor of The Crozier, of which Bishop Williams was editor-in-chief. Fin­ ally, in 1912. Mr. Williams was made REV. JOHN A. WILLIAMS. "MAMMY'S LI'L BABY BOY." Opinion

It would seem to be he still means to be President of the whole MR. WOODROW WILSON, J- 1 J country, and not merely the representative dimly dawning upon of its white citizens. But the terrible fact the consciousness of the President of the is there that, without protest from him, the United States and his distinguished advisers hateful spirit of caste has been introduced that the 10,000,000 colored people of this into the departments to a degree never country cannot be wholly ignored and that known before, though attempted previously, a policy which hurts them has at least to and that this does not help, but gravely be explained. Many persons seek to show injures, the race. Perhaps later on the that Wilson's anti-Negro policy is a mistake President may see his way clear to some of the head and not of the heart. statesmanlike measure which may relieve Mr. Oswald Garrison Villard, in a speech the race tension and inure to the benefit of in Baltimore, said: the nation's colored wards. But it will have "I have known the present President of to be prompt and far reaching' to offset the the United States personally for approxi­ mischief and injustice already done." mately twenty years and I take this oppor­ The New Haven Register declares that tunity to say that although I have complete Mr. Wilson "is a President with ideals, and respect for the sincerity of his motives and an apparent desire to deal fairly with all believe that at heart he really desires to do sorts and conditions of men in the nation something big and fine for the colored over which he presides. His success in people, yet in this segregation matter. I feel accomplishing this is erratic. Occasionally him to be wholly wrong. it amounts to a marked failure. Of nothing "His philosophy is wrong, his democracy is this more conspicuously true than in his greatly at fault. He has given us beautiful dealing with the Negro officeholding prob^ and worthy sentiments in his book called lem. Mr. Roosevelt erred on the side of 'The New Freedom.' But nowhere do we protesting too much friendship for the find any indication that his democracy is Negro, and apparently lacking in real re­ not limited, both by the sex line and the gard for him. Mr. Taft made few profesr color line. He is far behind the times in sions of this sort, but seems to have treated his steadfast opposition to woman's the Negro as fairly as any President in suffrage.". recent years. Mr. Wilson started unfor­ The New York Evening Post has this tunately by permitting Secretary Bryan to editorial comment: make the needless mistakes of replacing a "The whole undertaking to separate the Negro with a white man in the position of races at Washington was gratuitous, with minister to Hayti, a position held, and most the result that the Wilson administration fittingly, by Negroes for years. He did not finds itself between two fires and certain to make the matter any better by losing the alienate the colored voters in the Middle opportunity which long precedent gave him Western pivotal States, while Wilson him­ of filling the position of Register of the self appears to have been faithless to his Treasury with a Negro. pre-election promise to stand 'for everything by which I could assist in advancing the "But the most stupid and un-American interest of that race in the United States.' blunder was this building a fence between We do not doubt that Mr. Wilson meant white and Negro employees in the Federal those words when he uttered them, or that departments, poetically called 'segregation.' OPINION 69

There was no need of it. The only demand restriction consistent with the guarantees of for it was from a few persons with foolish the Federal Constitution. Economically, this prejudices. The President might have dis­ legislation puts iron bands on the real-estate regarded them, as other Presidents have development of Baltimore, and will, we be­ done. He has, by the action which he has lieve, prove irksome to whites and blacks permitted, done irreparable injury to the alike. It is utterly absurd in this day and spirit of race harmony. For in spite of generation to return to the ghetto of the pessimism and ignorant prejudice, right middle ages, abandoned by Europe long ago, handling will soften the lines of race pre­ and it cannot now be tolerated in a com­ judice, in time. The whites, more than the munity which calls itself democratic. It is Negroes, need right educating in this, and contrary to every modern ideal and aspira­ the President has contributed to error. It tion. Why, if it is successful, should simi­ is unfortunate, for he is a man of justice lar legislation not be undertaken against at heart. He seems to have been led either Jews or Slavs or Italians or any other by his own prejudice or that of others, into group in our cities?" a serious mistake for which he cannot, how­ The full opinion of the Maryland Court ever, escape the responsibility." of Appeals on the former segregation act Senator Moses E. Clapp, speaking in has been handed down. It says among Boston, said: other things: "When men educated, cultured, refined, "If then the legislature could pass a who possess capabilities to do things, are statute, under the police power of the State, humiliated and struck a blow like this, they providing for the segregation of the races, are putting back on the black man the as we think it could, there would seem to be bloody shackles which four years of bloody no doubt that the mayor and city council of warfare struck from his ankles. Baltimore can pass a valid ordinance having "The American people might just as well the same end in view. It is true, however, know to-night as not. It is not the question that some distinction is made between stat­ of the Negro but that of the progress of utes passed by the legislature and ordi­ our great nation. The moment you have thor­ nances passed by the municipality under the oughly forced into the consciousness of the police power, as the court must undoubtedly black or white man that there can be no take into consideration reasonableness of the progress, you have laid the foundation for ordinances and determine whether any of class distinction. It is the very keynote of these are so unreasonable or oppressive that it all." the legislature did not intend to empower the municipality to enact them as they m stand." . It then goes on to discuss various diffi­ BALTIMORE. For the third time culties in drawing up a proper ordinance New York Evening Post, "Bal­ and finally says: timore has passed a segregation ordinance. The first two were thrown out by the State "We do not understand why, in section 3, courts when taken to them by protesting the exception was limited to domestic serv­ colored people. It now looks as if the ants or just how comprehensive that term matter would have to be adjudicated by the was intended to be. United States courts, for the ordinance of "It would be difficult to include caretaker, yesterday was drawn in accordance with the chauffeur or janitor in the term 'domestic advice of the Court of Appeals, given when servants,' but as the validity of the ordi­ it declared the second one unconstitutional. nance is not thereby affected we will not This was a rather unusual procedure, and discuss that further. showed clearly where the sympathies of the "As the case before us does not involve court lay. In its essence the ordinance pro­ the provisions of sections 6, 7, 8 and 9 we vides that no Negro shall move into a block will not discuss them separately, or pass which has a majority of white residents, and upon the validity vol non of such provisions no white person shall buy or rent in a block as the delegation, of power attempted by if the majority of residents are black. It sections 6 and 7 to property owners, etc., remains to be seen whether the Supreme but for the reasons stated we will affirm the Court of the United States will find such a judgment." 70 THE CRISIS

Mr. Charles J. Bonaparte continues, in the Negroes nursed their children, their aged, Baltimore Evening Sun, his attacks on the their sick, cooked and served their food, segregation movement. He says in one cleaned and eared for their homes and min­ article: istered to their personal comfort in every "Those who would have the Negro inhabi­ way possible." tants of Baltimore compelled to live in The San Francisco Chronicle preens itself dark, dirty alleys and narrow, unhealthy on the superiority of California race pre­ courts, and who, in general, long to keep judice from the Baltimore variety: them, as far as possible, poor, ignorant, "In Baltimore a colored family, not vicious, criminal and diseased and a menace alleged to be other than respectable, moved to the health, morals and order of the entire into a house on a street which the whites community, these people are not necessarily apparently desired to reserve to themselves, and consciously wicked; they are simply and were bombarded with stones and bricks about four centuries behind their time. They for three hours by white men and boys. feel toward a Negro very much as a subject "That such a performance could go on for of Ferdinand or Isabella might be expected three hours without being stopped shows to feel toward a Jew or a Moor. A dis­ just what kind of a police force they keep tinguished cardinal, prominent in the papal in Baltimore. government, has been (in all probability, "To get even, however, the Negroes assem­ very unjustly) often called 'medieval bled a great crowd of their own and began minded'; this description fits this first class a retaliator\- bombardment of the houses of of 'segregators" to a T. The character of the neighboring white people. their mental processes is illustrated with "Baltimore must be a fine city to live in. almost startling vividness in one of the let­ "And thereupon the authorities could ters sent to this paper. The author of this think of nothing else to do but to pass what communication says: they call a 'segregation ordinance,' prescrib­ " 'Anyone who would advocate the mix­ ing what blocks may be inhabited by ture of the white and colored people, in so Negroes and which must be reserved for the far as their living, willingly, side by side, is occupation of whites. Such an ordinance, concerned, is, in my opinion, little skilled of course, can have no legal validity, but in the nature or history of mankind. Mr. public opinion may cause it to be respected. Bonaparte knows well enough that there "If the street where these outrages took never was, nor is, nor ever will there be a place was occupied exclusively by whites, time when white people, as a whole, will con- and especially if it is a prominent residence tent themselves with having as their next- street, one may concede that, knowing the door neighbors fellow creatures who possess feeling, the colored family was unwise to Ethiopian blood." move in there, but they were within their "It is of no great consequence that this legal rights, and a respectable Negro family high authority evidently supposed 'Ethiopian' is perhaps more to be respected than a and 'Negro' to have the same meaning, and white family of the same grade, for the we need not dwell on his apparent belief Negro family has more to contend with. that the race prejudices fostered by peculiar "There is this to be said about San features of our national history are shared Francisco that never in its history have acts by white people all over the world; but is of mob violence been committed against it quite consistent with sanity to suggest Negroes, Chinese, Japanese, Hindoos or that a 'mixture of the white and colored other alien races which go to make up our people, in so far as their living willingly cosmopolitan population. Individual cases side by side is concerned," is unheard of and of aggression have, of course, occurred, but is incredible? Precisely such a 'mixture' they have been dealt with precisely as we has existed in Baltimore ever since Balti­ deal with breakers of the peace among more has existed itself and exists to-day in whites. scores of localities throughout the city. "And yet there is the same racial antag­ Moreover, in all parts of the South, Negroes onism which exists elsewhere. There is in were for generations employed in all the the white race an inherent antagonism to most intimate relations of life by all the social intercourse with those of other races. most prominent and influential white people; It does not extend to the educated and cul- OPINION 71 tured classes of the alien races, but among her present claim to notoriety hangs on the the masses it persists. rival vituperation of her senior Senator and "But there are no race hatreds here. The her governor. When one thinks of the Negro or Asiatic is safe from mob violence Laurences, the Pinckneys, the Hammonds, because there is no mob feeling. Persons Calhouns, Butlers and Hamptons it must of any race may live anywhere in this city, be admitted that, officially speaking, South without fear of attack and with the full Carolina has suffered a decline. If this be assurance of the same protection that is ex­ punishment for her sins it may be just tended to our own people. The neighbors retribution, but it is a little hard on the on a fine residence street would probably rest of the country."—Philadelphia Inquirer. unanimously object to having a colored family move in, but the family would not be disturbed. And what in this respect is The Chattanooga News has this MOB LAW. true of San Francisco is true of California. editorial: "And yet San Francisco is imagined at "In Mississippi, Thursday, a Negro was the East to be a hotbed of race proscription lynched. There is a serious doubt if he was in its most virulent form. The fact is that guilty of the crime of which the mob ac­ in this respect it is the most decent city in cused him. In South Carolina recently a the country." jury acquitted Will Fair, a Negro, who had been accused of the usual crime which "When it comes to pass that lynchings follow. Fair, at the time of the TILLMAN AND Senator Ben. Tillman de­ excitement following the story of a woman BLEASE. nounces a man as a dema­ that she had been assaulted, was saved from gogue in unmeasured terms one feels like a mob which sought to lynch him only rubbing his eyes to know if he is awake. through a brave stand by the officials. It Senator Tillman has a history in the line later developed that the woman's story was of demagogy which is rather striking. When only the result of her fevered delirium. The he came to the Senate eighteen years ago only excuse the mob had to suspect that with his famous 'pitchfork' he was looked Fair had committed a crime was that he upon with about as much interest as if he happened to pass the house at the time the had been the wild man from Borneo. He woman was delirious from a spell of lived up to his local reputation as a man sickness. who could say bitter things, who could de­ "The mob clamored for the speedy con­ nounce everyone and everything not to his viction of the Negro, after its futile efforts liking in language which reeked with vitriol to lynch him. The jury knew the Negro and smelled of sulphur. to be innocent, yet there was the shadow "But now Governor Blease, of South of the mob, which threatened to influence Carolina, represents the latest word—and their verdict. Knowing the Negro inno­ we wish it were the last—in demagogy and cent, the jury hesitated over the verdict makes Tillman seem like a reactionary. In for twenty hours. The tremendous lesson the last few days the latter has paid his taught in the proving of the innocence of respects to the occupant of the chair he the Negro after the mob had almost suc­ once filled in language which is picturesque ceeded in lynching him was hardly greater and denunciatory, but which still fails to than that taught by the hesitation of the paint the whole picture. It may be said jury—their evident fear of declaring the that Tillman tried his best to be a dema­ Negro innocent in the face of the mob. gogue in his day, but that Blease has him Are even the courts of justice cowed by the beat a mile—to use the vernacular—on his blind fury of irresponsible and unthinking own ground. mobs? "After all, the fundamental difference be­ "The mob sentiment exerted such an in­ tween the two men is that Tillman is a man fluence over the trial of Will Fair that of education and not nearly so bad as he South Carolina has been stirred to a great tried to make himself out, while it is impos­ revolt against mob violence. 'The acquittal sible for anyone to be quite such a man as of Fair should serve to put an end forever Blease would have us think that he is. It to lynch law in the State,' is the view taken does not speak well for South-Carolina that bv the Columbia Record. But what of 72 THE CRISIS other States which have not followed the guilty of the most atrocious of crimes, there trial of Fair intently? What of the Mis­ is little chance that they would escape con­ sissippi mob which lynched the Negro whose viction and punishment at the hands of the guilt was doubtful? If he had not been law, if law were allowed to take its normal lynched would the mob shadow have influ­ course. Lynching in a wild, unsettled com­ enced the trial? munity may wear a semblance of justice; "Lynch law has always been a blot upon in a settled, civilized country it is almost the South. When the tentacles of the octo­ unthinkable in its savagery and barbarism. pus of mob rule begin to spread out and It lets loose the tiger in man which it has grasp our courts, to intimidate our officers taken so many ages to control, and it sinks of justice, it is time for all citizens to lend the human below the brute. What is all our their aid to the stamping out of this civilization, what are all our courts and barbarism." legal procedure worth if we feel constrained Prof. Ryntaro Nagai, writing in the to fall back at last on the most primitive Japan magazine on "The White Peril," mob law, and, what is worse, defend it? says: For my own part, I have often, on reading reports of the lynching of Negroes, felt "Our American friends who talk more ashamed of being a white woman, so deeply about freedom and equality than most other did the racial disgrace sink into my soul. nations have nevertheless many hard things More humiliating and degrading to the said of them by their own citizens in regard lyncher than the lynched, this modern crime to their treatment of the Indians and the must be uprooted, and saner methods of Negroes. At any rate it would be difficult dealing with crime followed, unless we are to parallel in any country in the East such prepared to retrograde indefinitely into a savagery as the lynching and burning of very hell of savagery, and to lose every Negroes. According to the census of 1909 attribute of the divine in man." the Negroes of twelve Southern States made up 40 per cent, of the population; yet out . . . B of $32,000,000 spent in common school edu­ cation in these States only $4,000,000 went education. Florida has clandestinely en­ to the education of the colored people, less acted a law for driving white than 12 1/2 per cent, of the total. Nor are teachers out of colored mission schools. The conditions better in India, if we are to Northwestern Christian Advocate says: believe the accounts given by the English "Some weeks ago the Northwestern gave a themselves of the treatment of the natives fairly comprehensive report of the cruel and there." inhuman enactment of the Florida legisla­ Dr. Frances Hoggan, of London, England, ture in prohibiting whites from teaching in the Individualist, quotes the following Negroes, the penalty being imprisonment in passage from one of her former lectures: ease the law was not observed. That this "All other wrongs of the present day pale startling bit of legislation escaped the alert­ before that depth of savagery, the lynching ness of the religious press generally is of Negroes. It is appalling in its revolting somewhat strange, since by it Florida has horror when one reflects that it is the crime gone the limit of race prejudice and hate. of a nation which claims to lead the world. "The Michigan Christian Advocate re­ No analogous development of brutality and views the situation in a recent issue and lust of cruelty have taken place in our concludes that the only thing for our times in any nation calling itself civilized, freedmen's aid teachers to do is to retire if we except Russia's barbarous treatment from the field and leave their colored pupils of political prisoners and her Jewish pog­ to their fate; that to resist the law would roms or mob massacres. be unlawful and would set a bad example "There have been attempts to extenuate before the Negro himself. this crime by asserting that it is only "The Northwestern originally advocated, assaults on women that are thus avenged; and still insists, the only course to pursue but, unfortunately, this is not borne out by is to stand by the colored schools and con­ fact, and perfectly innocent victims are tinue to teach. The law was enacted in the frequently offered up to the mad fury of bitterness of race hate; it is altogether the mob. And even were the sufferers counter to the spirit of our people, and is OPINION 73

a violation of the constitutional rights of A correspondent of Life brings us more 9,000,000 citizens. Words can scarcely be light concerning conditions in Alabama: summoned to properly characterize the act, "By the way; it may interest you to know and the only way it can be brought to a that there is not only being waged in the definite head is to carry the matter to the State a campaign to do away with the leas­ courts—the Supreme Court if necessary— ing of prisoners—virtually the selling of where the rights of these citizens can be them into slavery—but also one, even more clearly understood. important, for an amendment to the con­ "It is with the same spirit that the stitution which will permit counties and 'passive resisters,' including some of the school districts to spend more than a certain bravest and foremost ministers of England, fixed sum for the education of their have served time in jail for the cause of children. educational justice, that we suggest that "It may be hard for some folks to believe our white teachers stand by their post in that the makers of a State constitution this hour of persecution. One prominent would ever have thought it necessary to Methodist who has spent years in Florida protect the people against too much educa­ remarked recently that no greater boon tion, but they did it in this State. And could come to him than the opportunity that fact goes far to explain a great many to teach the black boys and girls of that of our shortcomings." State in the face of such wicked legislation. It is only by such resistance that the law A writer in the New York THE CHURCH. can be repealed." Independent declares: In New Orleans the colored people have "It is my deliberate judgment that if the been deprived of their only chance for advancement of the American Negro, finan­ public high-school education by the sale of cial, educational, industrial and moral, in the Southern University. They have ap­ his forty-odd years of effort as a freeman, pealed for aid from the city, but the city and the advancement in the ideals for him evidently thinks with this writer in the among those who call themselves Christians, New Orleans States: could stand before us revealed as they must be measured in God's sight, the Christian "I see it has been suggested that the city church of America would stand convicted buy the property of the Southern Univer­ of a degree of prejudice, inhumanity and sity for a Negro high school. I am not cowardice for which no consideration of its informed as to the law on the subject of great achievements in other directions can providing higher education for the Negro ever atone." race, but I am opposed to Negro literary This seems to be fully borne out by the education altogether, much less higher liter­ disgraceful exhibition of race prejudice at ary schools for that race. When the Negro the recent general convention of the Epis­ is taught book learning it disqualifies him copal Church in New York City. With the for the work for which he is naturally audience composed largely of educated and adapted—manual labor. well-to-do colored people two Southern "When we educate the Negro we unfit bishops gave talks that were insulting. him for usefulness. Now I am not pre­ Familiar untruths were repeated; namely, judiced. I used to be enthusiastic on the that the Fifteenth Amendment was the cause subject of educating everybody, Negro and of the Negroes' condition, that the whites had all. That was when I was much younger spent $165,000,000 on the Negroes' educa­ than now. Observations extending over a tion, that the Negroes' great need is "moral period of more than twenty years have training." caused me to change my mind on this sub­ The yearly congress of the church of ject. The Negro is specially adapted to England had a symposium on "The King­ physical activities, and in that sphere alone dom of God and the Races." Lord Sel- will he serve himself and his country to borne said that if a civilized people were the best advantage. OBSERVER." ruling a native race their duty was to con­ This well illustrates the attitude of the fer on the native race good government in great mass of the middle-class white the fullest sense of the word and, above all, Southerners. government which gave every opportunity 74 THE CRISIS of development on its own line (applause). dred years ago slave owners would have The white man must understand that he was confidently alleged the Negro to be incapable to treat the native with full justice, and no of equality. The vast transplantation of artificial barrier should be put in the way the Negro, the intercourse of white and of the native development. He must be black, had, in fact, brought advance in given his constitutional opportunities of humanity to the colored people. His study voicing his grievance. "Do not think." and comparison of conditions in the United added Lord Selborne. "that the native is fit States and in the West Indies had brought for the franchise. On the whole he is him to the belief that no solution of the wholly unfit for the exercise of the vote. American color difficulties would be found They are adult children—but it is a farce except by resolutely disclaiming the color and hypocrisy to pretend that the white line and race differentiation theory.'' man in democratic government represents E. D. Morrell declared that a shudder of the black. He cannot, and does not. The new emotions was passing through those problem, therefore, is a difficult one." The hundreds of millions of colored men from problem of education presented an intense the plains of Hindustan to the swamps and difficulty. Education should not be forced forests of West Africa. Strange tremors, on people who did not want it, but adequate vague ambitions and passions were stirring facilities should be given to those who did. them as they had never before been stirred. and while not advocating the intermingling The old unquestioned and unquestioning of the races, his lordship said no artificial acquiescence in the ascendancy of the white barrier should be placed in the way of the man over the colored man as part and native rising to the height which his intel­ parcel of the natural order of thing's was lect and character would enable him to rise. disappearing where it had not already dis­ Though the ordinary native was unfitted for appeared. The white man had made, and the vote, men did emerge who were fitted was making, unwittingly, and but half for it. How could they give that privilege? consciously, its return impossible. The day He did not favor a technical test, adding was rapidly approaching, if it had not al­ that a man of 30, who had shown he was ready dawned, when we could no longer base living a civilized life, should be given the the stability of our rule in the ultimate privilege of the civilized man (applause). resort wholly upon our superiority in It was of the utmost importance that every material power. There was no use in dis­ group of natives existing should have a guising from ourselves that the slave spirit constitutional opportunity of stating their is not dead in Western Europe, and that the grievances and wants in public. They need of fighting it whenever or wherever it should have the right at intervals of meet­ reared its head was vital to the moral and ing the ministers for native affairs, and in material interests of civilization. the presence of the press stating their wants (applause). It was essential that when the The Rev. J. H. Ritson. of the British and natives met the ministers the press should Foreign Bible Society, says of the church he present (applause). in South Africa: "That south of the Zambesi there are at Sir Sidney Olivier, former governor of least six blacks to every white, while in Jamaica, said: Natal the proportion is eleven to one. The "The question in practical politics was: blacks are increasing more rapidly than the Are we to discriminate in legislation on the whites, and in Natal will double themselves ground of backwardness or on the ground in thirty-seven years. There are only a of the race? He believed that Negrophobia million native Christians and the six millions in race prejudice was in mixed communities of black heathen constitute a growing peril. the most active source of danger. The These blacks are seeking education and pro­ civilization and morality of the Jamaica gressing by leaps and bounds—a spirit of Negro were not high, but he was on a individualism is taking the place of that markedly different level from his grand­ tribalism which has been a restraint in the father, the plantation slave, and his great­ past. 'No one ought to withhold facilities grandfather, the African savage. Negroes for education—no one can ultimately with­ were now the equal of the white men in hold them," said Mr. Ritson. The idea of fields of human function in which a hun­ the South Africa Native College was eon- OPINION 75 ceived seven years ago in the Cape Prov­ instance, cited as declaring: 'If I were a ince. An appeal was made for £50,000, colored man the "Jim Crow" cars alone and large European contributions were would drive me out of the South'—and it is promised if the natives raised one-half of indubitable that this institution is driving the amount, and the whole sum required Negroes out of the South and keeping them was secured. The property has already been out. Thus, there are hundreds of colored bought near Lovedale, but this is hardly people in Washington alone who will not go accessible, it is thought, for the Transvaal into Virginia because they will not enter the natives. Efforts have been made to secure separate coach. But the 'Jim Crow' car assistance from the Union government, but policy is not for the moment the greatest at present without success." grievance. In the South there is no escape from it, and it is accepted by the Negroes m there as something that has come to stay for a long time, though eventually it must go if THE JIM THE NEW YORK Evening Post the principles of Christianity are lived up to. CROW" CAR HAS AN editorial on the Hut aside from its injustice and discrimina­ "Jim Crow" ear which we tion, the actual conditions of travel in the quote in part: car itself are so unbearable as to call forth "One of the most enlightened students of the bitterest complaints, which go unheeded race relationships, here and elsewhere, Sir because the Negro has no vote and the Sydney Olivier, for five years governor of superior race is too superior to listen to Jamaica, spoke yesterday before the Church fault-finding from blacks. * * * of England Congress on the dangers to the United States from race discriminations. If "We are aware, of course, that the mere they are adhered to, so the cabled report proposal to abolish the 'Jim Crow' car at runs, he feels that there will be danger of present provokes a storm of anger, just as civil war and rebellion. If this is to be we know that the presence in white cars of avoided, he says, 'statesmen and citizens' must the lowest element of the Negroes does mean 'face in the contrary direction.' It is not a hardship for refined white passengers, pre­ theorist who speaks, but a trained colonial cisely as refined colored passengers suffer administrator, who has governed an island from overbearing white boors who enter containing but 15,605 whites among 793,382 their coach. But is there no way out? Js blacks. Moreover, Sir Sydney Olivier has there not any constructive suggestion to traveled in our Southern States for the ex­ offer? We have one which, it seems to us, is press purpose of studying our race relations at least worth discussing. It is the adoption at close range, and in more than one paper of the foreign system of cars of varying has deprecated much that he found there, classes and rates of fare. We practically dwelling notably upon the absence of such an have two classes now, the Pullman and the admirable black constabulary as keeps the 'day coach.' In Europe they have 'unwashed' peace in Jamaica, and upon the many rasping peasants to deal with, but they are almost discriminations which bear down so heavily never found in the first or second-class on the American of color. As a result he carriages. They pay third and fourth-class has written that 'the color line is not a rates and receive decent and clean accommo­ rational line, the logic neither of words nor dations. Is it impossible to adapt this system facts will uphold it.' to our Southern railroads? It would do away with discrimination, while the presence ''If we should be asked what is the dis­ in every class of white men with votes would crimination in the South, not known in prevent the existing intolerable violation of Jamaica, which to-day is most unjust to the law. At least, as Sir Sydney says of the colored people in their daily life, we should whole question, a solution along this line be tempted to say the 'Jim Crow' car. For would be traveling the only road which leads every time the colored man would travel the to civil peace." badge of inferiority is placed upon him, unless he is one of the few who, like Booker m Washington, can obtain accommodation in a Pullman car. The enlightened white DEMOCRACY AND THE CHICAGO Tribune and Southerner is gradually beginning to realize DISCRIMINATION. the Greenville (S. C.) what this means; Dr. James H. Dillard, of News are debating the Jeanes Fund and Slater Fund, is, for democracy. "Rare discrimination is foreign 76 THE CRISIS

to the great mass of intelligent Americans," produced friction throughout the Northern says the Tribune. "The race prejudice States. The intolerable conditions at which fostered by the proprietors of certain hotels they aim are not to be established by legisla­ and restaurants is fostered for business tive fiat, either. Every new undertaking of reasons only. It is done to please a com­ the sort is bound, we believe, to quicken race paratively small class. While there are signs antipathies in the North and so to hasten the of increase in discrimination against the correct national adjustment of race relations Negro in the North here and there, these do by means of a color line rigidly drawn." not indicate a tendency. Race prejudice can­ The Picayune says: not gain headway against the stream of "That this law expresses the wishes and intelligence or overcome the fusion of our feelings of the people of the State of New common life." York is plain or it would not have been To this the News replies and incidentally enacted, and, although there are many people gives up "practical" democracy: in the Empire State who do not favor it, they "This is a strange utterance to the South. are in a minority and are not represented in The chief thing wrong with the new ex­ the public affairs of the State. Hereafter pressed is that it is wrong in its conclusions visitors to the metropolis from the Southern as to the antidote for prejudice during the States are likely to encounter, more or less present day. Does the Tribune want race frequently, unpleasant incidents, but as they amalgamation? If not, why begin on a basis will only be the result of circumstances which of no discrimination? Prejudice, per se, is they cannot prevent, it will be well to accept of course inimical, but the best way to keep them with the best grace possible." down such prejudice is to keep the races as distinct and separate as possible. Such a m course is better for the NegTO and better for For gymnastics in reason- SOME SOUTHERN j i. the white man. This is not a day of 'nigger ing commend us to the hating,' but is a day when men take a sane Logic- editor of the Macon Tele­ view of a great and unsolved problem, and graph. He believes in democracy and he is then conclude that it is best to keep the races preaching the right of suffrage, but the separate as far as possible. Prejudice in­ eternal black man pops up here and there variably follows a contact of the races on and plays sad havoc with his arguments. any but a business basis. Theoretically, of Listen to this, for instance: course, this is not pure democracy, but in "If the object of government is the pro­ this day pure democracy will work only in tection of the weak, as we are told by all theory and not in practice." the sages and sociologists, then to make that Two New Orleans papers thus view the protection full, and as complete as possible, new civil-rights bill in New York. The the weak should be permitted to have a Times-Democrat says: voice at least at the polls." Sounds good, doesn't it? One could "As the former statute was evaded or hardly ask anything better. Now read this: ignored whenever and wherever the proprie­ "The right of franchise, for instance, is a tors of hotels, restaurants, theatres and other normal human right among men. To cheat establishments affected saw fit to draw the men of that right intimidation is sometimes color line, we may be reasonably confident resorted to, but more often indirect devices of the latter's ability to get around the new are employed. In America—in a white one. Doubtless it will produce no end of man's country—a white man has the same litigation at the beginning—helping to line right to vote that he has to live. The 'six the pockets of a certain class of lawyers at months before' requirement for poll taxes, the Negro equality-seekers' expense. But the the 'Australian ballot' system and other statute's unpopularity, plus the ingenuity of devices are aimed at the poor and illiterate the business men who believe in the color line, white man." ought to make its enforcement extremely difficult, if not impossible. Not only so, but- After that cold plunge ascend to Heaven the ambitious Negroes' last case is likely to with this fine flourish: be worse than their first from their own view­ "Let us adhere to the fundamentals of point. Their attempts to enforce racial social the laws of the Creator. He made all men equality have stimulated race hatreds and for equal opportunity and equal happiness OPINION 77

The fall of man rather upset things, but the THE NEGRO THE NEW YORK EVENING JOURNAL SAYS: original principles and designs are the same IN EGYPT. so far as men in freedom can be drawn in The giggling shopgirls whose line with them. With the fall came craft, life of misery is still a joke to them— and craft is about the worst of evils, blessed youth!—should interest you deeply. because it is for the most part hidden. A And the Negro, too, with a tired black face, hidden or interior evil (of the mind and resting for the next day's slavery—slavery thought and intention) is hard to eradicate on a wage basis, but slavery all the same. by the individual in himself, and harder to Possibly you despise his thick lips. But fend against by another because of its very those lips are carved on every sphinx in character. Egypt's sand, and if you could go back far "Innately, therefore, men are, and ought enough you would find the ancestors of that to be, equal; at least when you look above Negro, before the days of the Pharaohs, the criminal classes, the human averages laying the foundations of your religion and pretty well." locating the stars in heaven. At that time Now descend into hell: your forbears were gibbering cave savages, "Let us preface by saying that under our sharpening bones and gnawing raw flesh. law all white men who have qualified by When you see the Negro on the opposite registering are entitled to vote, and no de­ seat, the ill-starred one who has gone down vice ought to be permitted which will cheat in the human race, while we have gone up, them out of that right. It ought to be think about him, study him, speculate as to made easy and not hard for an honest man his ultimate end—and your own. Don't to vote his convictions." merely say to yourself: 'That's a plain Finally, after dizzily recovering your bal­ Negro,' and go on chewing gum." ance, read this good old Southern stuff: Town Topics says: "The women of the Southern suffragette "Well worth a visit is the Negro exposi­ leagues are acting on the supposition that tion in commemoration of the fiftieth anni­ the Negro women, like the Negro men at versary of the signing of the emancipation present, can be virtually denied the ballot. They forget that the present situation as proclamation. Specimens of Negro handi­ regards the Negro men required fifty years crafts, from the time of the ancient Egyp­ to be worked out; that it is at best but tians—whom some Negroes claim as temporary, and that the more 'progressive' ancestors—down to the present, are ex­ we become the more difficult will be the hibited, and demonstrate the improvement task of maintaining the existing status. of the race. The exposition has a special They forget that the popular trend is con­ interest, because the commencement of an tinually and more and more away from anti-Negro movement is observable through­ independent State action, and that already out the whole country, and even in Europe, we are threatened with the abolition of where color has hitherto been no barrier. State lines in national elections. During the Civil War the Negroes won the "When the ballot is conferred on women high commendation: 'Our colored troops by an amendment to the Federal Constitu­ fought nobly.' Since the emancipation tion the number of the disfranchised proclamation their conduct, North and Negroes in the South will be doubled. South, has been most exemplary. Very few When the cry of that doubled element of of them have tried to intrude themselves the disfranchised reaches the women of the where they were not wanted, and these few North and West, who are in the saddle for have been misled by white men, who con­ the 'rights' of their sex, no ingenuity on the spired to use them for political purposes. I part of Southern man or woman can pos­ reason, therefore, that the feeling against sibly invent a scheme whereby the present them is only the survival of an old preju­ status can be successfully maintained. For the South's problem there will then be no dice, fomented by wicked agitators, which solution." can be lived down by their prevailing char­ acteristics of industry and education. The Wherefore we beg to conclude that the editor of the Macon Telegraph is certainly Negro exposition is a notable display of some logician. their achievements." COPYRIGHT TANDY AND FOSTER 1931

THE NATIONAL EMANCIPATION EXPOSITION IN NEW YORK CITY: THE TEMPLE OF BEAUTY IN THE GREAT COURT OF FREEDOM. THE HISTORICAL PAGEANT OF THE NEGRO RACE AT THE EMANCIPATION EXPOSITION: FORTY MAIDENS DANCE BEFORE THE ENTHRONED PHARAOH RA, THE NEGRO. EDITORIAL

^3 f f THE THREE WISE MEN

1 THE comet was blazing down from the sky on the midnight f before Christmas. Three songs were dying away in the East: one from the rich and ornate chapel of the great cathedral on the hills beyond 110th Street—a song of beauty and exquisite finish but coldly and formally sung. Another, a chant from the dim synagogue on the lower East Side— heavy with droning and passionate; the last from West 53d Street—a minor wail of utter melody. The songs had died away and the three priests, looking at the midnight sky, saw the comet at the same moment. The priest in the ornate chapel, gowned in his silken vestments, paused and stared wonderingly at the star; it seemed drawing near to him and guiding him. Almost before he knew it he had thrown a rich fur cloak about himself and was whirling downtown in a taxicab, watching the star with fascinated gaze. The rabbi on the lower East Side no sooner saw that blaze in the heavens than a low cry of joy left his lips and he followed swiftly, boarding a passing Grand Street car and changing up Broadway; he hung on the footboard to watch unmindful of the gibes at his white beard and Jewish gabardine. The old black preacher of 53d Street, with sad and <0> wrinkled face, looked at the moving star thoughtfully and walked slowly with it. So the three men threaded the maize of the Christmas-mad streets, neither looking on the surging crowds nor listening to the shouts of the people, but seeing only the star. The "honk, honk" of the priest's taxicab warned the black priest scarcely too soon, and he staggered with difficulty aside as it whizzed by and made the motorman of the car, which bore the Jew, swear at the carelessness of the chauffeur. One flew, the other whirred swiftly and the third walked slowly; yet because of their differing ways <0> they all came to the steps of the great apartment house at the same moment, and they bowed gravely to each other, yet not without curiosity, as each ascended the steps. The porter was strangely deferential and they rose swiftly to the seventh floor, where a wide hall door flew silently open. <0> Within and before the wide log fire of the drawing room sat a woman. She was tall and shapely and well gowned. She sat alone. The guests had gone an hour since and the last footsteps of the servants were echoing 1 EDITORIAL 81

above; yet she sat there weary, still gazing into the mystery of the fire. She had seen many Christmas Eves and they were growing all to be alike— wretchedly alike. All equally lonely, aimless—almost artificial. She arose 4? once and walked to the window, sweeping aside the heavy curtains, and the brilliancy of the star blazed in upon her. She looked upon it with a start. She remembered how once long, long years ago she had looked upon stars and such things as very real and shining fingers of fate. She remembered especially on a night like this how some such star had told her future. How out of her soul wonderful things were to be born, and she had said unto the star: "How shall this be?" And something had answered: "That holy thing that shall be born of you shall be called the Son of God." And then she had cried in all her maiden faith and mystery: "Behold the hand­ maiden of the Lord, be it according to thy word." And the angel departed from her, and it never came back again. Here she was reaching the portals of middle age with no prospects and few ambitions; to live and wait and sleep; to work a soulless work, to eat in some great manger like this—that was the life that seemed stretching before her endless and without change, until the End and the Change of Changing. And yet she had dreamed such dreams and fancied such fair destiny! As she thought of these dreams to-night a tear gathered and wandered down her face. It was then that she became suddenly aware of two men standing on either side of her, and she felt, but did not see, a third man, who stood behind. But for the soft voice of the first speaker she would have sprung up in alarm, but he was an old man and deferential with soft ascetic Jewish face, with white-forked beard and gabardine, and he bowed in deep humility as he spoke, saying:

"Where is He that is born King of the Jews, for we have seen His star in the East, and have come to worship Him?" The other surpliced figure, who stood upon her right hand, said the same thing, only less: "Where is He who is born King, for we have seen His star in the East, and have come to worship Him?" And scarcely had his voice ceased than the strong low rolling of another voice came from behind, saying: "Where is He, for we have seen His star in the East, and have come to worship Him?" She sank back in her chair and smiled. There was evidently some mistake, and she said to the Jew courteously: "There is no King here." "But," said the Jew, eagerly, tremulously, "it is a child we seek, and the star has guided us hither; we have brought gifts of gold and frankincense and myrrh." Still the woman shook her head. "Children are not allowed in these apartments," she said, "and besides, I am unwed." The face of the Jew grew radiant. "The Scriptures say He shall be born of a Virgin," he chanted. But the woman smiled bitterly. "The children of Virgins are not welcome in the twentieth century, even though they be Sons of God!" 82 THE CRISIS

<0> "And in a manger," continued the Jew. <0> "This is, indeed, a manger," laughed the woman, "but He is not here— <0> He is not here—only—cattle feed here." O A Then the silk-robed priest on the left interrupted: <0> "You do not understand," he said, "it is not a child of the body we <^> seek, but of the Word. The Word which was with God and the Word which warmth to the world, but nothing has been born, save here and there an ffi <0> epigram and the smartness of a phrase. No, He is not here." <^> The surpliced priest drew back with disappointed mien, and then sud- <0> denly, in the face of priest and Jew, as they turned toward the unseen figure <^> A, at her back, she saw the birth of new and wonderful comprehension—Jew

st. and Gentile sank to their knees—and she heard a soft and mighty voice that gu, came up out of the shadows behind her as she bent forward, almost crouch ing, and it said: "Him whom we seek is child neither of thy body nor of thy brain, but of thy heart. Strong Son of God, immortal love. We seek not the king of the world nor the light of the world, but the love of the world, and of all men, for all men; and lo! this thou bearest beneath thy heart, O woman of mankind. This night it shall be born!" Slowly her heart rose and surged within her as she struggled to her s0s> feet; a wonderful revelation lighted in her whirling brain. She, of all noiselessly searching for that old and saintly hymn: "My soul doth magnify the Lord, and my spirit hath rejoiced in God, my saviour. For he hath ji. regarded the low estate of his hand-maiden, for behold! from henceforth all generations shall call me blessed." A great new strength gripped her limbs. Slowly she arose, and as she rose, the roof rose silently with her— w <^> the walls of the vast room widened—the cold wet pavement touched her satined feet, and the pale-blue brilliance of the star rained on her coiled hair <0> and naked shoulders. The shouting, careless, noisy midnight crowds surged gu, by and brushed her gown. Slowly she turned herself, with strange new S gladness in her heart, and the last words of the hymn on her lips: "He 4> V hath put down the Mighty from their seats and hath exalted them of low ^ <^ degree; he hath filled the hungry with good things and the rich he hath 4? <0> sent empty away." She turned, and lo! before her stood that third figure, <0> an old, bent black man, sad faced and pitiful, and yet with brilliant caverned <0> eyes and mighty wings that curved to Heaven. And suddenly there was with X the angel a multitude of the heavenly host praising God and saying: Jtj, "Glory to God in the highest; and on earth peace, good will toward A <£> men'" ¥ t SELAH! <0> I EDITORIAL 83

FROM A LAYMAN. ing. They did not complain when the SIR: I am looking forward obsequious ushers pushed them to the to some comment by you rear and carried forward the snobs and in the next number of pretenders—the smug-faced hypocrites The Crisis in re who are making the Episcopal Church the Episcopal Church in America a hissing in the ears of convention in its deal­ righteous men. ings toward the Negro. Were it not The dark hundreds sat down quietly too welt known that that church was the and listened to—what? To a political bulwark of slavery, and always has been screed, to lies that sounded deliberate, the mainstay of prejudice, it might have and to a wretched carping bitterness been amazing to behold the hypocrisy which disgraced the anointed prelates and bigotry displayed by these "minis­ who thus fumed and cursed God and ters of the Gospel." Evidently the insulted their helpless auditors. Southern bishops could not divorce It is NOT true that the Fifteenth from their minds the Southern maxim: Amendment is the cause'of the problems "Keep the Nigger down." arising from the presence of the Negro Yours truly, race in America, and no student of American history with an ounce of sense E. L. CROSS. or honesty would affirm this. As a mat­ ter of fact it was only the ballot of THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. reconstruction times that kept the freed­ In the red blood-guilti­ men from re-enslavement. ness of the Christian There is not the slightest evidence church in America that the South has spent $165,000,000 toward black folk the for Negro education, -and yet this ven­ Episcopal Church has erable lie, started in the senility of the undoubtedly larger share late Commissioner Harris, was paraded than any other group. It was the again to salve the conscience of the Episcopal Church that for 250 years guilty South. made itself the center and bulwark of The Atlanta University conference man stealing and chattel slavery. It did NOT affirm the unmorality of most was the Episcopal Church that deliber­ Negro preachers. It affirmed just the ately closed its doors in the face of the opposite, and the bishop of Tennessee praying slave; it was the Episcopal made statements which sounded like Church that refused after the war to deliberate falsification of the facts when educate the freedmen, and is still re­ he twisted a partial quotation out of its fusing, and it is only on the rostrum of context to serve his own ends. the Episcopal Church that such reac­ The American Negro does NOT stand tionary heathenism could find welcome in unusual need of moral training. It expression as was uttered by the bishops is the American white man who needs of Georgia and Tennessee at the last that. The American white man, and general convention. especially the white man of the South, The setting was characteristic. In the is a thief and a libertine to a greater Cathedral of St. John the Divine were extent than the Negro ever was or ever gathered 1,000 persons, three-fourths of will be, and it is an impudent thing to whom represented the emancipated and preach regeneration to the helpless vic­ risen race whom the church for two tims of slavery and lust and stealing. centuries had insulted and spit upon. Why should the Episcopal Church in They were quiet, well bred and earnest the day of its dotage thus elaborately people, long suffering and self-sacrific- set the stage to advertise Southern re- 84 THE CRISIS actionaries? Why should it thrust segregationist is the last scream of forward Nelson and Gailor and leave beaten prejudice. After that American in the background Dillard, Weatherby, civilization will be compelled through Bishop and Peabody? Is not this but long centuries to tear down the walls one of many signs which show that this which they are now building around great institution is the church of John the finest and most gifted single group Pierpont Morgan and not the church of in its polyglot population. Jesus Christ?

THE STRENGTH OF SEGREGATION. THE EXPOSITION. WHEN the American people THE New York emancipa­ in their carelessness and tion exposition which impudence have finally took place in New York succeeded in welding during the last ten days 10,000,000 American in October was perhaps Negroes into one great the largest single cele­ self-conscious and self-acting mass they bration which colored people have had will realize their mistake. in the North. The total attendance was At present it is still possible to make over 30,000; the order was perfect; not Negroes essentially Americans with a single arrest was made and there were American ideals and instincts. In an­ no serious accidents. other generation, however, at the pres­ But the exposition was not simply an ent rate we will have in this country a assembling of crowds. It was an organ­ mass of people of colored blood acting ized, logical affair. There were com­ together like one great fist for their paratively few exhibits, but each exhibit own ends, with secret understanding, was in its place and meant something, with pitiless efficiency and with re­ and when combined with photographs sources for defense which will make and charts told a continuous and com­ their freedom incapable of attack from plete story of fifty years unusual prog­ without. ress among colored Americans. To this The actual organization of this group was added a series of entertainments. is progressing by leaps and bounds. It needs now but to be knit together into But greatest of all was the historical one great unity. This can be done—it pageant. It became, as it was designed is being done. Those who advise "race to be, a great popular festival with 350 pride" and "self-reliance" do not real­ actors living their parts. Its imagery ize the Frankenstein which they are and beauty have been seldom surpassed, evoking. The Negro cannot be beaten and Mr. Charles Burroughs and his in this line by any present methods. helpers deserve all praise in their The physical intimidation of lynching signal success. cannot be kept up; the economic intimi­ When one remembers under what ex­ dation of exclusion from work cannot, traordinary difficulties the nine com­ with the present organization of Negro missioners organized this exposition, industry, be kept up after ten years. and what a fire of indefensible criticism Continual social insult is powerless they underwent, the exposition must go against those who refuse to be insulted. down in history not simply as the After this—what? What can America greatest of the attempts to celebrate the do against a mass of people who move jubilee of freedom up to this time, but through their world but are not of it also as a singularly successful effort in and stand as one unshaken group in honest administration and widespread their battle ? Nothing. The yell of the co-operation. | A MAN THEY DIDNT KNOW A STORY By JAMES D. CORROTHERS (In Two Parts—PART I)

THE opposition was right. mented, seething populace it evoked no President Nefferman had merriment; awoke no answer; provoked no blundered. In fact, he had response but malediction. To the anxious, not understood the situa­ fearing people the fearful levity of Neffer­ tion at all. Now the people man and his friends was as mocking and realized this. A crisis was hateful as the bacchanalia of devils who lead at hand. War seemed in­ the doomed to hell, among echoing rocks, evitable. An appalled and anxious nation and beside murmurous rivers of pitch. looked for a way out—with honor. "But it was all very funny to Nefferman. Yet, at the beginning of all this, Presi­ His lazy brain reported: All is well. He dent Nefferman had laughed, flouting all laughed—amid these flashings from Sheol! thought of serious possibilities. The chief He actually threw back his beefy, Midas- mouthpiece of the opposition, stung to hys­ eared head; wrinkled his butcher-hued face teria by the president's bungling, mercilessly in complacent, Neffermanian smiles; opened assailed him, urging his immediate impeach­ his big mouth wide, and—laughed! Had it ment, and stood not upon the order of its not been for a little isthmus at the back of flaming and virulent denunciation. Bris­ his neck the whole top of his head would tling invective, scathing rebuke, scourgings have been an island. and knoutings, it volleyed and showered upon "Dolt! him in the fury of its wrath. Perhaps this "Already the Orientals, through their great paper, a veritable "thunderer" among secret treaties with Mexico, were at the its kind, was most dangerous to the inter­ beginning of things. The American con­ ests of the president and his friends when sulate in Mexico City had been damaged; it condescended to ridicule, and malignantly several Americans in Mexico had been im­ played the fierce light of its derision upon prisoned, tortured and killed; shots, always the pitiful man. Again and again it shouted: 'random shots,' had been fired across the "Nefferman laughed!" border into the United States, wounding "Laughed in the face of this black and our citizens and destroying property; ominous storm, thick-belching from the American soldiers had been hit, and skirm­ noxious shores of hell! Laughed and could ishes were frequent until forbidden by the not be made to understand the oncoming, American government. Then began the dreadful thing. He laughed, actually desertions of our Negro soldiers to Mexican laughed! And all the mountebanks, mimes, ranks. There these trained men, of a race grafters and money bags of his senile ad­ never before disloyal to their land or flag, ministration laughed with him, in unison. manned the machine guns for the 'Mexi­ They had made 'theirs' and were content. cans,' and sent vindictive volleys crashing So doubtless, too, was poor, fat-witted back into American homes and towns. Nefferman. He laughed until his own " 'Mere straws!' observed Nefferman, not private money bags rumbled and burst and realizing that 'straws' tell which way the laughed. This was caught up and echoed winds blow. by the money bags of the protected 'inter­ "Next came the California 'land law' ests.' It became the laugh of millions, as movement, against which Japan formally if every bag had a golden mouth, and all protested to this government—her only the bags had burst. But from the tor­ open move. 86 THE CRISIS

"Then came the remarkable 'votes for States be recognized, as heretofore. It is Negroes? justice NOW!' movement of the asserted that the Atlantic fleet may be blacks throughout the country. Great mass ordered to the scene to enforce our de­ meetings and restless bands of men and mands. Meanwhile, it is rumored that a women, with black, agonized faces, march­ dozen Japanese cruisers are already secreted ing through our cities and from town to in secluded Hawaiian waters awaiting the town. attack of the American squadron. There "Again Nefferman laughed! is, however, no confirmation of this report. " 'Mere imitation!' he reassured us. "Nefferman is not laughing now! 'Sambo and Topsy,' he explained, 'trying to "Later: A most disquieting report mimic the English suffragettes. That is— reaches us to the effect that Charles H. all but the "hunger strike." Ha! ha! Sambo Bowden, the American aviator, soaring loves his po'k chops too well for that!' over the supposedly unfrequented waters of "Still Nefferman laughed! the lower California gulf, on Friday, made "But now 'a change came o'er the spirit the startling discovery of a secret Japanese of his dream.' Ten American soldiers and coaling station situated on a quiet bay. Some three citizens were shot on American soil cruisers of lighter draft were hiding nearby. during a raid by Mexican rebels. Six of There appeared to be great activity on board. those wounded died. The American govern­ "Ft. Bayard, N. M., April 18.—Nearly ment demanded from Mexico proper repa­ half a company of United States colored ration and apology. This the Mexican troops stationed here deserted to the enemy government seemed reluctant to grant, dis­ when ordered to prepare for action against claiming federal responsibility, and claim­ the Mexicans. Disloyalty is spreading ing also that the rebels were assisted by among the Negro troops. Further deser­ American adventurers and mercenaries. tions seem imminent. The yellow peril is Upon this some American State troops and upon us. Behind all that has happened a few regulars surreptitiously plunged over may now be discerned the hand of the the Mexican border by night and captured plotting East. the entire rebel band, of necessity shooting "Chicago, April 19.—At a mass meeting a few in the drastic transaction. All Mexico held here last night more than 2,000 is flaming white hot over the 'outrage.' Negroes, among whom were some of the War may be declared upon us at any leading colored people of this city, passed moment, and united Mexico, backed by her resolutions demanding 'votes for Negroes,' cunning and powerful ally, will bristle to and 'the immediate cessation of lynching in the assault. the United States.' The Negroes declared "Now Nefferman's levity subsided, and a they would not bear arms in the impending look of determination clouded his Napole­ conflict unless the national government took onic brow. His pride was aroused. He steps for their relief. Similar meetings would end this thing at once, and decisively. were held in Detroit, Cincinnati and St. "But now came the second greater shock: Louis. The Negroes asserted that meeting's The 'peaceful' revolution of Hawaii, voted of like nature will take place soon in other in by 20,000 Hawaiian-born Japanese leading cities, especially in the East and youths, real 'American citizens,' who had a Northwest. The leaders of last night's right to vote, and who, together with cer­ meeting were arrested, but the disaffection tain renegade whites and a wholesale im­ continues to spread. It is a grave and portation of Negroes, formed a new political alarming state of affairs. Severe punish­ balance of power in the islands, thus as­ ment of the leaders will only inflame the suring the success of their audacious plot. blacks. Something must be done to win the It is anticipated that the next move will be Negroes over." annexation to Japan. A Hawaiian republic can hardly stand alone. Americans are A tall, athletic, sun-browned man. emerg­ leaving the islands. ing from a field of rustling corn, received "The government at Washington, beyond a letter from the rural postman. It was furnishing transports for the departing noon. The dinner bell at the farmhouse had Americans, has done little other than to rung, and thither, letter in hand, the man demand that the authority of the United started with swinging strides. The letter A MAN THEY DIDN'T KNOW 87 had originally been sent to X , Mass. The President, burdened and worn, After repeated forwarding, it had finally though not precisely upon the minute, came reached him in Eastern Pennsylvania. It promptly, without the slightest hint of was from the President of the United ceremony, and, arrogating to himself no air States, and was as follows: of Saxon superiority, got immediately to The REV. GRANT NOBLE, business. Pastor Baptist Church, "Gentlemen," he said, "I want your help, X , Mass. and your sympathy. I know your race has been abused; I know we have lost its con­ REV. SIR: fidence. Can it be restored?" In the present crisis, wkich threatens to The prelate, to whom all deferred, spoke become a national calamity, it is deemed first—a set speech, and an old one— advisable for the President to call together grandiloquent; vain, he threw no light upon some of the representative men of your race the subject. Plainly, his sole desire was to with whom he may take counsel concerning "show off"—to get advertised. He had not the unprecedented attitude which colored the intelligence nor sense to know that he citizens are assuming toward the national had failed. And upon the impenetrable government. Your name was suggested by face of Nefferman there was no sign. a gentleman from Massachusetts as that of One after one, three other Negroes spoke, a sagacious and resourceful man of unusual and in their talk that long telegTaph pole attainments and character. It is to such of a capital letter "I" was indubitably men as yourself that the President turns apparent. Evidently each thought that he in • this our country's hour of need. No could lead his race back to loyalty—and other President of the United States has whithersoever he chose. had such a problem on his hands. Will you "Do you not think, gentlemen, that Dr. not meet with the President in Washington Packer T. Jefferson would be the proper on the evening of April 21, at S o'clock? leader to carry through any plans upon The expense of the trip will be met. No which we might decide?" asked the President. publication of this matter should be made It was Grant Noble who answered. at present. Sincerely yours, "There is just one man," he declared, RODNEY Morris. "who can prevail with my people now. Secretary to President Martin Carlos That man is not Dr. Jefferson. They would Nefferman. follow Dr. Jefferson through life, to prog­ Grant Noble decided to go, though it ress and success, but I doubt if Mr. Jeffer­ might involve for him no small sacrifice. son himself would presume that he could In a few words he set forth the matter lead them into death. That requires a war­ before the good German folk for whom he rior soul! There is one mighty black man worked, and with whom he and his little whom my people would follow into death. son enjoyed one of the pleasantest homes That man is Jed Blackburn, the discredited in which they had found shelter, on their Negro boxer. I am aware of bis mistakes gradual journey westward, since his unfor­ and of his limitations. I know he is in tunate losses in Massachusetts. great disfavor. But, if you would win "Chess," assented the good farmer, a back the American Negro, get this man into staunch Nefferman man, "dot vill pe alright. action. He is lion hearted and patriotic." Go unt dalk mit him all vat he vants. Unt "Do you know this man personally?" der chob, unt der liddle, mudderless poy vill "Yes, slightly." pe here alright, ven pack you come." "If this plan is decided upon," asked the That night Grant Noble was in Washing­ President, "would you be willing to under­ ton, and, a few minutes after 8, was shown take its negotiation?" into the President's office. Three other col­ "I think so, sir." ored men, all strangers to him, were already "And what boon would you offer him— waiting. At nearly 9 o'clock another col­ what reward ?" ored man, a bishop of pompous mien, was "Redemption, through the battlefield; a ushered in. Out of fifty who were asked patriot's bright glory, perhaps a patriot's to come but five were present. death, but—REDEMPTION."

{To be concluded in the January CRISIS.) NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE

THE National Association for the Advancement of Colored People is the new abolition society. It has twenty branches, ranging from New York to Washington and from Boston to San Fran­ cisco and Tacoma. It has the machinery to fight discrimination, and everywhere it is making that fight—against segregation in Baltimore and other cities, against segregation in work in the United States government departments, against "grandfather" laws and "Jim Crow" laws before the Supreme Court of the United States. Its branches are holding meetings of protest, its officers and directors are volunteering as speakers. Its chairman, in spite of the fact that he has been for twenty years a friend of Mr. Wilson, and has warmly supported the present administration, personally and through his paper has taken a most aggressive stand in denun­ ciation of the undemocratic policy of segregation which is being inaugurated in Washington. He has interviewed members of the Cabinet and the President himself. He has addressed large meetings of protest in Baltimore and Wash­ ington and is now preparing an article for one of the leading magazines. The association sent an investigator to visit the departments in Wash­ ington where segregation was said to be in force. This report was released to the Associated Press and to other news services on November 17, when it was also sent to 500 newspapers, fifty religious papers, to magazine editors, to members of Congress, to ministers and to many others. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the National Association. Cases affecting the colored people now before the Supreme Court of the United States may decide the legal and political status of the Negro for years to come. The National Association is the only organization appearing for the colored people in these cases. It has filed a brief in the "grandfather" case now before the Supreme Court. This was prepared by the president, Mr. Moor- field Storey, one of the leaders of the American bar, who, with Mr. Harrison of Oklahoma, will argue the "Jim Crow" case set for this term. The association has just engaged a lawyer to assist the legal committee in its work. The association has also engaged a man to watch every bill intro­ duced into the House and Senate in Washington. Discriminating bills have been appearing with increasing frequency, and without the careful watching of an expert may be railroaded through at any moment. The association is now preparing to fight the "Jim Crow" car bill which it is generally understood will be introduced in Congress in February. "Jim Crow" cars in Washington mean "Jim Crow" cars in Cleveland, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, St. Louis and perhaps even in New York and Boston. If you want to protest, enroll with us as a new abolitionist in the National Association, and do it now. THE N. A. A. C. P. 89

BRANCHES. President, and have asked him to take such BALTIMORE. action as may bring an end to race dis­ NLY a mention of the remarkable mass crimination in any department of govern­ meetings recently held in Baltimore ment. It is proper for me to say, however, and Washington was included in the last that I can hardly believe that at this late number of THE CRISIS, since it went to day any national administration will reopen press before the meetings had taken place. the question of race discrimination in the The Bethel African Methodist Episcopal United States. I therefore cannot believe Church, where the Baltimore meeting was that the reported acts of discrimination are held, was crowded to the doors. Mr. War­ a part of a settled policy, and cannot doubt ner T. McGuinn presided. Resolutions were that President Wilson will speedily put an adopted and wired to the President. The end to conditions which, as reported to me, speakers were Dr. Spingarn, Miss Ovington are unworthy of any free people." and Mr. Villard. After comparing the un- TACOMA. American policy of race segregation to the example set by Russia, Mr. Villard said in On October 17 a mass meeting of protest part: "But the stupidity of raising this against segregation was held at Everett by issue does not stop there. It differs but the Tacoma branch. Delegates from Seattle very little from the one which rent the and Tacoma were present and delivered Union. The great struggle which convulsed addresses. Judge Bell, of the Superior the United States was, in its simplest terms, Court of Everett, presided. Other speakers nothing else than the attempt of an aris­ were Father Saindon, through whose cour­ tocracy of cotton and land to create two tesy the lecture room of the Catholic church classes of human beings in this country—the was placed at the disposal of the meeting; slaves and the free. They were willing to Capt. K. K. Beecham, a veteran of the sacrifice the Union and everything else to Civil War and captain of a Negro regiment, this end. Those who in this day and and Mrs. Nettie J. Asberry, secretary of the generation are seeking to establish two Tacoma branch, who explained the aims and classes of citizens—the disfranchised and objects of the National Association. Reso­ enfranchised—to say that there shall be two lutions read by Mr. Joseph Griffin, secretary kinds of government employees—as does of the meeting, were forwarded to the Presi­ Mr. McAdoo's Cabinet associate—they are dent in care of Congressman Falconer. on the high road to convulsing anew this TOPEKA. land of liberty, which will never know An entire evening devoted to the work of peace and quiet as long as there are dis­ the National Association was arranged by criminations among its citizens. Upon their the branch at the recent fair held at Lane heads will be the responsibility of forcing Chapel. Mrs. Roundtree, secretary of the the issue and not upon ours." branch, spoke on the origin of the associa­ tion; Mr. N. Sawyer, on its object; Mr. BOSTON. Guy, on the progress it had made, and the A large and enthusiastic audience at­ Rev. Mr. Walker, on the outlook. The tended the mass meeting of protest against branch plans to publish a series of short segregation which was held in the Park- articles in the Topeka Daily Capital. These Street Church on October 20. Mr. Storey will be by white and colored writers of presided. The speakers included Senator prominence, and will aim to explain and Moses E. Clapp, Mr. Albert E. Pillsbury, further the work of the association. formerly attorney-general of the State, the Washington. Rev. Samuel H. Crothers, the Rev. Mr. Auten, Mr. Rolfe Cobleigh, assistant editor Within five blocks of the White House, of the Congregationalist, and Mr. Butler R. in the Metropolitan African Methodist Wilson, secretary of the branch. Letters Episcopal Church, on October 27, the most were received from Governor Poss, Con­ remarkable and epoch-making meeting ever gressman A. P. Gardner and Mr. C. S. held in the District of Columbia protested Bird. Governor Poss wrote: "I have un­ against the segregation of colored employees dertaken, as a citizen and as governor, to in government departments. The crowd has bring this matter to the attention of the been variously estimated at from 8,000 to 90 THE CRISIS

10,000 people. The meeting was advertised for champions upon terms of equality and S o'clock, but shortly after half-past seven honor if we were not reminded at the same the detachment of police, detailed to keep moment by Mr. Villard that Mr. Wilson is order, directed that the doors of the church countenancing race discrimination in his be closed. Some idea of the throng can be own country." inferred from the fact that when Dr. A collection of about $300 was taken for Holmes, one of the speakers, arrived, and the work of the National Association. After finally pushed his way through to the iron the meeting the executive committee of the fence surrounding the church, it was neces­ branch appointed a committee of fifty to sary to lift him bodily over the fence, so raise funds, and already $1,200 has been that he might reach a side entrance leading subscribed, to be paid not later than Janu­ to the auditorium. Because of the size of ary 1. This committee has expressed the crowd the speakers were obliged to de­ itself as favoring an endowment for the liver their addresses first to the meeting association. within the church and afterward to an Other noteworthy meetings against segre­ overflow meeting of over 4.000 outside. gation were held by the Northern California Mr. Archibald H. Grimke. president of branch, by the colored people of New the branch, presided. Judge Wendell Haven, where Mr. George W. Crawford, Phillips Stafford and ex-Senator Blair one of the directors of the association, made spoke briefly. The principal addresses were an inspiring speech; and also in Portland. made by Dr. Walter H. Brooks, of Wash­ Me., where Dr. Mason addressed a large ington, Dr. John Haynes Holmes, the noted audience. Unitarian minister of Xew York, and Mr. M Villard. Musical selections were artistically LEGAL. given by the Howard University choir. Dr. X November 1 the association engaged Holmes made a stirring and powerful ad­ an attorney. Mr. Chapin Brinsmade. dress. He said, among other thing's, that to assist the legal committee in carry­ segregation, instead of allaying race pre­ ing on its work. Up to this time this judice, was really the cause of all the committee, comprising some of the most friction, and characterized it as the "new eminent lawyers in this country, without crucifixion." compensation have handled all legal cases When Mr. Villard arose he received a referred to the association. The work has veritable ovation. He prefaced his address developed so rapidly and has increased so by reading a letter which he had just re­ in volume and importance that it has be­ ceived from Mr. McAdoo, Secretary of the come necessary to have a lawyer at national Treasury, and his personal friend, request­ headquarters who can devote his entire time ing him not to speak, because in criticising to this important department under the Mr. Wilson's administration "he would be direction of the legal committee. doing injustice to a just man." Mr. Villard Mr. Brinsmade graduated from Harvard said that he had been urged by those in College with the class of 1907. During his high authority to use his influence to keep senior year. 1906-1907, he was absent from the colored people in "cool and just equi­ the university, teaching at the Gunnery poise." "It is beyond me to influence them School in Washington, Conn., of which his much in this direction," he said, "but 1 father, John C. Brinsmade, is head master. would not if 1 could. On the contrary. 1 In the fall of 1907 he returned to Cam­ shall lose no opportunity to preach the doc­ bridge to enter the law school from which trine of peaceful rebellion and revolution he was graduated in 1910. Since that time against discrimination of every kind." His he has been practising law in Xew York speech has been given wide publicity in the City. He was admitted to the Xew York press and much favorable editorial com­ bar in 1911. During the years 1911 and ment. A writer in the Chicago Tribune, in 1912 he has been associated with the law speaking of it and of the present administra­ firm of Van Wyck & Mygatt, and later with tion's "officializing of race prejudice," said: their successors. Wherry & Mygatt. at 40 "Tt would be more inspiring to read Mr. Wall Street. Wilson's declaration that we must prove The chairman of the board of directors ourselves the Latin-American's friends and wishes to express in this way his apprecia- CHILDREN OF THE SUN 91 tion of the support and good work of those strain of Negro blood, or you would not branches which contributed $100 each to have come here and made the remarks you enable the association to employ an attor­ did to incite the Negro to worse crimes than ney, and of Bishop John Hurst, of Balti­ have been committed, and the most terrible more, who personally gave $100 for this ones they commit against white women. purpose. The branches which so generously We cannot walk on the streets of this city came to the aid of the association are now after nightfall, as many of us are Indianapolis, Washington, Baltimore. compelled to do in coming from our work, Quincy, Tacoma, Topeka and Detroit. Two without fear that we may be the next of our largest branches, Boston and Chi­ victim. cago, which have always been most generous Take them to New York and let them in their contributions to headquarters, were associate with your wives and daughters. not asked to contribute, nor were the A crime committed in the North, against branches which had just been admitted. a white woman by a Negro, receives only a Especially appreciated was the co-operation few lines notice by your Northern papers, of Quincy and Tacoma, which at the time but let the same crime be committed in the they made their contributions were our South—the New York papers especially smallest branches, numbering not more than have a half column. twenty members each. If your blood is tainted, as many here m believe, you, of course, will be excused only on that believe. MR. VILLARD : After your speech last night I and many A WASHINGTON WOMAN. others are convinced that you must have a Washington, October 28, 1913.

CHILDREN OF THE SUN FENTON JOHNSON

I. II. WE are children of the sun, We are the star-dust folk, Rising sun! Striving folk! Weaving Southern destiny, Sorrow songs have lulled to rest; Waiting for the mighty hour Seething passions wrought through wrongs, When our Shiloh shall appear Led us where the moon rays dip With the flaming sword of right, In the night of dull despair, With the steel of brotherhood, Showed us where the star gleams shine, And emboss in crimson die And the mystic symbols glow— Liberty.' Fraternity! Liberty! Fraternity!

III. We have come through cloud and mist, Mighty men! Dusk has kissed our sleep-born eyes, Reared for us a mystic throne In the splendor of the skies, That shall always be for us, Children of the Nazarene, Children who shall ever sing Liberty! Fraternity! THE BURDEN

AT BUCKEYE LAKE. concessions which I cannot help mentioning. "BUCKEYE LAKE is thirty-three miles "The matter to which I refer was the east of Columbus, O., and round about merciless way in which the prices of ordinary it are many cottages and an amusement park. commodities were boosted on that day, ap­ In the park is a dancing hall operated by the parently for imposition on the people who lessee of the dance grounds. Annually the are seldom favored with holidays at any re­ colored Elks of Zanesville, 0., give an out­ sort, and who are determined to have a good ing at the park, to which colored people time for once at whatever cost. The chief come from all over the State—even from overcharge which I noted was in the price of "West Virginia. boats, which usually rent for $1 for the first The attendance this year ran up to 20,000. hour and 50 cents for every hour thereafter. According to the manager of the park this is I saw one man charge a Negro $5 for the use the largest and best picnic that goes to the of a boat for an hour, which was paid lake. More money is spent and better order promptly and without protestation. At the is maintained than in any other. This year, main restaurant that strange anomaly at a in the afternoon, the big dance hall was given colored picnic was noted of chicken sand­ over to the colored people for dancing while wiches, being the only food of that style the white people stood and- sat round about left late in the afternoon. The reason was and looked on. At night when the white people ample. They charged 25 cents for a poor were dancing the colored people came to see little lonesome piece of fried fowl with an them dance and to sit in the pavilion, which unadorned blanket of bread. I saw a Negro provided almost the only seats on the come away from the stands with three pieces grounds; but policemen had been stationed of ice, scarcely larger than walnuts, for here and would not let them look or sit. which he was charged 5 cents. So the extor­ The members of Parker's Orchestra, which tion went on. Even a crook would recognize had been furnishing the music for the park, the injustice of this. For one white man I happened to be colored men and protested was ashamed of the selfishness of my race." against this discrimination. Finally, when the discrimination was kept up, the orchestra refused to play any longer and the dancing PROSPEROUS NEGROES. stopped. The men who thus sacrificed their J. SCOTT and W. Wilkerson, Negro work for a principle were receiving $22 J • undertakers, convicted in Judge a week each and had three weeks' work ahead Palmer's court of intimidation in collecting a of them. They were succeeded by white men debt, were freed of their sentence of two who soon quit on account of the small pay years in the penitentiary Monday morning and conditions of work. by Governor Hooper. In granting the par­ A white correspondent in the Columbus don Governor Hooper stated that in his Despatch says: opinion the verdict against the undertakers "SIR : The outing of the colored people at was an "effort to hold up and squeeze two Buckeye Lake last Thursday, which was colored men who have accumulated some marked by such a regrettable catastrophe, means by thrift and energy," and that in his and late in the evening by certain racial un­ opinion the Supreme Court would eventuallv pleasantness about the dance hall, was have decided in their favor.—Nashville marked by another thing about several of the Tennessean. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 93

THE CRISIS = FOR 1 9 1 4==

It is our determination to make THE CRISIS in the New Year absolutely indispensable to intelligent folk.

The news "ALONG THE COLOR LINE" will hereafter be so written as to furnish a complete summary of the history of colored folk and their struggles.

No important thought or comment on the Negro problem will be omitted from "OPINION."

Especial effort will be made to increase the number and weight of the ARTICLES published, and we expect contributions from some of the leading thinkers of the world, white and black.

We shall publish some interesting local STUDIES of great Negro cities and great Negroes of the past which you should read.

Our BOOK and MAGAZINE REVIEWS will be more complete, lively and critical than heretofore.

FICTION touching colored people will be given especial promi­ nence, and now and then we shall publish a poem.

The EDITORIAL policy will be fearless and frank as usual. You may not agree with us (and that is your privilege), but you will have to admit that we know what we want and are not afraid to ask for it.

Finally, we shall not forget the CHILDREN, their joys and sorrows and hopes.

All this for ONE DOLLAR.

Mention THE CRISIS. 94 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The Thomas School oi Beauty Culture is owned and con­ trolled by a woman Christmas Cards who is a college graduate and a physician as well as a graduate of Burnham's School of Beauty Culture. Madam Mason is giving a corre­ spondence course which includes physical culture and hygiene. Every woman needs to be at her best in every walk of life. Personal appear­ ance is a lever which controls her destiny. Aside from her own needs she is afforded an opportunity t o learn a profession that means a digni­ fied, lucrative business which is in great demand. The course covers ten weeks and a diploma is granted. Entire fee for course, $10. Do you want a charming Thomas's Magic Hair Grower, a guaran­ teed money-back article, a medicine that Christmas card with a cures dandruff, eczema, bald spots and pro­ motes the natural growth of the hair. pretty colored baby on it ? Price $1. Thomas's Cream removes blemishes. Price 50 cents. Send six cents for Beauty Book. Agents wanted. Address READ PAGE 54 Mme. Alice H. Thomas-Mason 3328 STATE STREET CHICAGO, ILL. Telephones: Douglas 9456: Automatic 72172 Rogers Silverware 1 -2 Price This $26.50 Handsome 26 Piece, Combination Set of Genuine Rogers Celebrat­ ed Silverware NOW ONLY $13.25 Consists of 6 Teaspoons, 6 Table­ spoons, 6 Medium Knives, 6 Medium Forks, 1 Butter Knife, 1 Sugar Shell. In Plain or French Gray finish, Beau­ tiful Raised Vintage Design. Put up in fine Leather case, silk lined. With a printed guarantee from Rogers factory It is the greatest bargain in High-Grade Silverware ever offered. Don'T delay in sending your order as we only LET a limited number go at such a low price. Send Post Office OR Express money order or Registered LETTER. THE ACME CO., Mfrs.S Jobbers, Eberly Bldg., Dept. L, Columbus, 0.

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Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 95

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MILES M. WEBB The Loyal Knights and Chicago's Expert Photographer Ladies of Malachites is incorporated under the laws of the District of Col­ umbia. Its object is to com- bine the Negroes of the world for their mutual ad­ vancement along1 indus­ trial and commercial lines. It also stands for the full enjoyment by the Negro of his civil and political rights. Grand SupremeThi s movement is interna­ Governor tional in its scope; we have lodges not only in the United States but in Jamaica, B. W. I.; Colon, Bocas del Toro, Pan­ ama (CanalZone) and Costa Rica. It is a dark day for the Negro and he must come together. Race movements have failed because our peo­ ple were told that by contributing there to the race only would be benefited, but no tangible individaal benefits were offered. By our plan the member pays 35c. per month in the Asso­ ciation and receives $4.00 per week sick ben­ efits and $100 at death. We not only look after the race but each individual member as well. A big-convention is soon to be held here. We want a lodge in every village, hamlet and town and a delegate to be sent to this conven­ tion. Organizers wanted everywhere. For full particulars, write KNIGHTS OF MALACHITES 1111 You St. N. W. Washington, D. C. j

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Mention THE CRISIS. 96 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 97

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Price, postpaid, 50-cent money-order

J. GRIFFITH ART COMPANY 36-38 Beekman Street - - - New York

Was Jesus a Negro with Woolly Hair? Crisis Advertising Rates Webb's books and pictures prove it and show it by the Bible. A picture, 12x18, of Jesus with woolly hair, and His Holy Angels Beginning with the January, 1914, at His second coming, and a book issue, and continuing until further with Biblical references, extending from Genesis to Revelations, prov­ notice, the rates for advertisements in ing the fact. All for $1.50 and THE CRISIS will be as follows: postage prepaid. The book alone James Webb is worth its price. 15 cents per agate line. No less The following are comments upon the same: "I beg to say, after hearing Elder Webb on than four lines accepted. the subject, that the blood of the Negro coursed $2 per inch per single column, through the veins of Jesus and Solomon. I am frank to say that I have seldom, if ever, enjoyed counting fourteen lines to the inch. such an intellectual treat. The position he assumed as the subject of his lecture touching the $45 for back cover. Hametic blood and race is difficult and requires a practical knowledge of Biblical and historical lore. $40 for inside cover page, front or But I am pleased to say that he not only shows himself an expert, but the master of the situation, back. and I commend him to the ministry and churches of our race of every denomination." $32 per page for other pages. Truly, These rates are based upon the (Signed) Bishop H. M. TURNER. general charge of $1 per page for "The evidence submitted by Elder Webb tending to prove that the Saviour of mankind was a black man seems to be each thousand net circulation. sufficient to put those who oppose the proposition upon their proof. Now that the chain of evidence presented by Mr. Webb appears so complete, it is strange that none of the Old contracts at the former rates delvers in the Biblical records have not advanced the sensa­ tional proposition before. Not only was Christ a Negro, will be honored until the date of but it seems that Solomon, who has been held up through all the ages as the personification of wisdom, had Ethiopian expiration of said contracts. blood In his veins, also."—Seattle "Dally Times." Price $1.50 for picture and book. Send money order or express order to James M. Webb, 3519 THE CRISIS State Street, Chicago, Ill., in the care of the Webb Studio. 26 Vesey Street, New York City RELIABLE, LIVE, RESPONSIBLE MEN $25.00 PER WEEK may be made in commissions by parties handling who can sell real estate can MAKE MORE "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American than $200 PER MONTH acting as War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. AGENTS for the sale of our properties in Address: E. A. JOHNSON MUSKOGEE and TAFT, OKLAHOMA. 154 Nassau Street - - - New York The real coming country where there are AGENTS WANTED—Everywhere for our 1914 opportunities and openings for all. Write "What Cheer" Art Calendar, dedicated to our fiftieth us to-day, giving your age and experience, anniversary of freedom. Write, enclosing 50 cents and we will offer you a FINE PROPOSI­ for outfit, terms and territory. VAN DERZEE SUPPLY CO., 2151 S. 10th Street, Lincoln, Neb. TION WHICH WILL MAKE YOU MONEY. Address WANTED REEVES REALTY CO. Agents for THE CRISIS. Dignified work Department C 217 Flynn-Ames Bldg. Muskogee, Okla. Address: 26 Vesey Street, New York Mention THE CRISIS. 98 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Residence 2546 Michigan Office PHONE m„, „. I Central 104W Bell Phone E-2161 Home 68 MAIN Telephones: main 61 C. H. CALLOWAY HARRY E. DAVIS ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW Attorney-at-Law Notary Public Notary Public 1607 Williamson Bldg. Cleveland, O. 117 W. 6TH Street KANSAS CITY, MO.

FRANKLIN W. WILLIAMS Telephone 5562 Cedar ATTORNEY AND COUNSELOR-AT-LAW R. O. LEE Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Notary Public Practice in All CourtB REAL Estate Conveyancer 2" and 26 Union Block, 4th & Cedar, St. Paul. Minn. 206 Parrish Street Durham, N. C.

Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market Telephones: Office: Main 9168 Residence L. D. Telephone, 5277-M Market Residence: Vermont 1156 E. BURTON CERUTI GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Lawyer Counselor-at-Law 600-501-502 Thorpe Building Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building Corner Broadway AND Franklin Streets 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. Residence: 1540 W. 36th Place Los Angeles, Cal. General Practice Notary Public PERSONAL CARDS WILLIAM R. MORRIS Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Telephone 5277 Morningside 1020 Metropolitan LIFE Building DR. GERTRUDE E. CURTIS Minneapolis, Minn. Surgeon Dentist BROWN S. SMITH 188 West 135th Street, New York City Attorney and Counselor-at-Law Offices: Suite 610, Sykea Block. TELEPHONE 4886 Morningside Minneapolis, Minn. DR. D. W. ONLEY Surgeon Dentist GEORGE W. MITCHELL S. W. Cor. 133d St. and Lenox Ave., New YORK Office Honrs: 9 to 12 a. M., 1 to 9 P. m. Attorney-at-Law Sundays by Appointment 908 Walnut Street

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H. S. ROBINSON DEMONSTRATING President 190 Vance St., Toledo, O. TUB FREE

Homes in Long Island! Few people realize the wonderful possibilities of Long Island property, the rapid growth of that section of the city and its wonderful future. WE ARE SELLING GOOD HOMES IN CORONA, with all improvements, only five cents carfare to New York. Corona is in the very center of Greater New York, and in a few months will be reached by the rapid transit lines of Manhattan, giving to the people of that section of the city a five-cent carfare to any section of Manhattan. The only place within thirty minutes of Times Square, Grand Central Station or the Pennsylvania Station, where the man of small means can get a modern home with all improvements at a moderate cost. We would be glad to have you visit Corona at our expense. Corona is one of the highest elevations in New York City, has an excellent car service, good schools, excellent water supply and the best place in all New York for children. For full particulars as to price and terms address L. S. REED & COMPANY 142 Hunter Avenue - - Long Island City Some choice investment lots for $50 on reasonable terms

Mention THE CRISIS. THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 101

"An invaluable addition to Lincoln- Atlanta University iana."—Grand Rapids Herald. Studies of the Lincoln and Negro Problems 17 Monographs Sold Separately Slavery Address: ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE

By ALBERT E. PILLSBURY Atlanta University, Atlanta, Ga.

' 'A strong marshalling of evidence.''—• New York Evening Post. The Curse of Race Prejudice "Inspiring and timely. * * * Every lover By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. of Lincoln will rejoice in the spirit of this vigorous and gripning essay.''—Duluth An. aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon Herald. champion of equal rights. Startling facts and crush­ ing arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity "The whole question of Lincoln's attitude for clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. toward slavery is admirably discussed and Belongs in the library of every friend of social summed up in this little volume. Those justice. Price 25 cents. Send orders to who think Lincoln was lenient toward slavery should read it."—Chicago News. JAMES F. MORTON, JR. ' 'Nowhere else are the essential facts in 244 West 14Sd Street New York, N. Y. the great drama put into such compact and yet such fascinating form." — Boston Globe. A Book of Exceptional Interest "Those who read it will want to own it." —Milwaukee Free Press. to Readers of THE CRISIS At all bookstores. 75 cents net. By mail LIBERIA 82 cents. Descriptive — History — Problems Houghton Mifflin Company By FREDERICK STARR 4 Park Street Boston, Mass. of the

University of Chicago No other book like it. Buy it. Read it. Talk about it. Sent postpaid for $1.10 Special Offer to postal money order. Address FREDERICK STARR Crisis Readers 5541 Drexel Avenue - - - Chicago, Ill.

If you will send us $1.50 and Souvenir Memento a new subscriber to THE CRISIS Program we will send THE CRISIS for one

year and a copy of "Hazel," by of the National Emancipation

Mary White Ovington. Exposition recently held in New York City. For $2 we will send THE Beautifully printed and con­ CRISIS for one year and a copy taining valuable information con­ of "Norris Wright Cuney," by cerning the Negro American. Maud Cuney Hare. PRICE 15 CENTS

THE CRISIS THE CRISIS

26 Vesey Street, New York City 26 Vesey Street, New York City

Mention THE CRISIS. 102 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

The African Abroad or His Evolution in Western Civilization By WILLIAM H. FERRIS, A. M.

Two volumes of 500 pages each, illustrated. $5 a set, plus 30c. postage. Published by the Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Co., New Haven, Conn.

PRESS COMMENTS

FROM THE "SCHOOL JOURNAL,'' OCTOBER, 1913 ''There come occasionally from the press, books of weight and moment, works of research and investigation or of wide reading and of clear thought, treatises from which the world of culture never recovers. Such is 'The African Abroad,' distinctly radical in its treatment, distinctly revolutionary in its result, and altogether true as a whole in content and in expres­ sion. The Afro-American must put on the spiritual clothing of the Anglo-American, must live his institutional life, must think and feel accordingly. From Africa came every Afro- European race. The Ethiopians and the Negroes are descendants of the same stock as the Latins and Teutons, a proposition beyond censure and cavil. As one reads these great pages of a faithful investigator and witness one must regret that the author in common decency could not include among colored Americans thousands as have 'crossed the line and come white.' Tet enough persons remain to prove indisputably that the black Negro and the colored man are essentially human, needing only education and opportunity to live upon the same level as white men. This is not to say one word in favor of social equality in marriage. In truth \ the whole weight of this monumental work rests upon the side of the scale whereon are / written these words: 'The colored man, as such, remaining true to whatever amalgamation he/ now represents, can become equal sharer with the white man in American liberty.' Such, a book tends to develop in Afro-Americans that self-respect which is essential to human worth.' The author reveals a charming style and an interesting personality. This admirable work of race historical philosophy is of epochal importance and belongs in every library of scholarship anywhere in the world.''

FROM THE NEW BEDFORD "STANDARD," SEPTEMBER 30, 1913 ' 'Six thousand years of history as related to the Negro race and the summing up of his careers of a thousand exceptional men of color in many countries of Europe, in Africa, and the West Indies, is a plain prosaic statement of the scope of William H. Ferris's two-volume book on 'The African Abroad., or His Evolution in Western Civilization, Tracing His Develop­ ment Under Caucasian Milieu.' If this title, formal and scholarly, suggests a scholarly treatment of the subject, really profound and tremendously in earnest, it suggests truly, for it is a deep and precise study in all the prospects of importance of the subject. But if the formal title suggests any thought of dry reading, there begins the mistake, for Mr. Ferris's book is as interesting as romance and as stirring as the most appealing piece of history ever written. "Mr. Ferris is pre-eminently fitted for his task. He is recognized by scholars and statesmen as a man of unusual intellectual ability measured by standards of scholarship and not by race or color. He has taken degrees at Yale and Harvard; and he has since then gained the knowledge and experience that have come from travel through twenty States and sojourning in over two hundred .cities and towns, looking into the Negro question as it pre­ sents itself as a live problem to-day, and from study of the literature of the world on the subject of the Negro hack to its beginning.''

FROM THE SPRINGFIELD "REPUBLICAN," OCTOBER 1, 1913 "And now we have at New Haven a philosophical writer who has profited by a good university education, and publishes two volumes of mixed speculation—history and biography— extending in its scope from the councils of the Absolute before worlds existed, and thereafter from the undifferentiated star-dust through differentiated worlds, down not only to our modern days, but beyond; by an excursion into the future we contemplate the burning out of the sun, and the consequent starvation of the whole solar system. * * * «<* * * In this world's affairs, Mr. Ferris has good testimonials as to his competence for writing the story of his race. * * * "* * * In history he is well read and pacific; he admires T. R., but not excessively; and he states his case in history very forcibly. A few flaws can be found by searching, but hardly more than any book in two volumes can show. There is to be a third volume, in which the never-ending subject is to be temporarily concluded. * * * • <* * * The important thing with the Negro, as with other men, is his religion. On that point Mr. Ferris has much to say, and says it well; but perhaps with too little reference to the modifying American religion of the colored race here. * * * "* * * It will be seen that Mr. Ferris writes easily and fluently. He quotes freelv but without much system in his citations; has read immensely and thought sufficiently; flatters in his biographies and brief notices; and when his work is completed and indexed, it will be of great value.'' Address orders to W. H. FERRIS, 92 Eaton Street, New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. or to the TUTTLE, MOREHOUSE & TAYLOR CO., New Haven, Conn.

Mention THE CRISIS. A Life of NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY

By

MAUD CUNEY HARE (His daughter)

Would you like to read about a red-blooded man who was one of the great leaders of Negro Americans? Would you like to inspire your children with the life of this "Tribune of the Black People"? 8vo; 250 pages. Postpaid, $1.50. Best terms to agents. Published to-day.

THE CRISIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 26 Vesey Street ...... New York HAZEL The Story of a Little Colored Girl

By MARY WHITE OVINGTON Author of "Half a Man"

Price $1.00 net. Postage prepaid, $1.08. For sale through our agents and at THE CRISIS office, as well as at leading book stores.

CRISIS PUBLISHING COMPANY 26 VESEY STREET NEW YORK CITY Suitable Gift Books

P3 P3 PRICE INCLUDES POSTAGE [Q K

THE QUEST OF THE SILVER FLEECE. W. E. B. DU Bois $1.50

HOUSE BEHIND THE CEDARS. Charles W. Chesnutt 1.65

HAZEL. Mary White Ovington 1.08

AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. Anonymous 1.40

THE TESTING FIRE. Alexander Corkey 1.35

LYRICS OF LOWLY LIFE. Paul Laurence Dunbar 1.40

MARROW OF TRADITION. Charles W. Chesnutt 1.65

THE SPORT OF THE GODS. Paul Laurence Dunbar 1.65

NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. Maud Cuney Hare 1.50

A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. Lelia Amos Pendleton 1.65

SOULS OF BLACK FOLK. W. E. B. DU Bois 1.35

RACE ADJUSTMENT. Kelly Miller 2.15

HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. B. G. Brawley 1.35

HALF A MAN. Mary White Ovington 1.12

MIND OF PRIMITIVE MAN. Franz Boas 1.65

AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. William Sinclair 1.65

JOHN BROWN. W. E. B. DU Bois 1.45

RACE PREJUDICE. Jean Finot 3.25

STORY OF THE NEGRO. Booker T. Washington 3.25

FLOWER O' THE PEACH. Percival Gibbon 1.45

THE COLORED INVENTOR. Henry E. Baker 15

A CHILD'S STORY OF DUNBAR. Julia L. Henderson 25

A ddress THE CRISIS Twenty-six Vesey Street .... New York City