DOCSLIB.ORG

High-Calcium Limestone Facies of the Devonian Dundee Limestone, Northwestern Ohio

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
High-Calcium Limestone Facies of the Devonian Dundee Limestone, Northwestern Ohio STATE OF OHIO John J. Gilligan, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES William B. Nye, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 86 HIGH-CALCIUM LIMESTONE FACIES OF THE DEVONIAN DUNDEE LIMESTONE , NORTHWESTERN OHIO by Dav id A. Stith Columbus 1972 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE OHIO DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION Horace R. Collins, MS, State Geologist and Division Chief David K. Webb, Jr., PhD, Geologist and Assistant Chief Jean Simmons Brown, MS, Geologist and Editor William J. Buschman, Jr., BS, Administrative Geologist Karen M. Harper, BS, Geologist Pauline Smyth, MS, Geologist Eleanor J. Hyle, Secretary REGIONAL GEOLOGY SECTION Richard A. Struble, PhD, Geologist and Section Head Richard W. Carlton, MS, Geologist Richard M. DeLong, MS, Geologist Norman F. Knapp, MS, Chemist Arthur H. Morch, PhD, Chemical Engineer David A. Stith, MS, Geologist Joel D. Vormelker, MS, Geologist SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY SECTION Adriaan Janssens, PhD, Geologist and Section Head Michael J. Clifford, BS, Geologist Barbera J. Adams, Clerlt.-Typist B. Margalene Crammer, Clerlt. James Wooten, Geologist Aide LAKE ERIE SECTION David K. Webb, Jr., PhD, Geologist and Acting Section Head Lawrence L. Bmidech, BS, Geologist Welter R. Lemke, Boat Captain PUBLICATIONS SECTION Herold J. Flint, Cartographer and Section Head James A. Brown, Cartographer Donald R. Camburn, Cartographer Philip J. Celnar, BFA, Cartographer J een J. Miller, Photocopy Composer STATE OF OHIO John J. Gilligan, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES William B. Nye, Director DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 86 HIGH- CALCIUM LIMESTONE FACIES OF THE DEVONIAN DUNDEE LIMESTONE, NORTHWESTERN OHIO by David A. Stith Columbus 1972 GEOLOGY SERVES OHIO ~ CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ................................................. 1 X-ray solid-solution analysis ................... 5 Introduction .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Results ................................................. 8 Purpose and scope .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Quantitative X-ray analysis ..................... 8 Geologic setting .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Chemical analysis ................................. 9 Acknowledgments ................................... 3 X-ray solid-solution analysis ................... 10 Procedure . .. .. 3 Summary ................................................ 10 Sample collection .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 References cited .................................... .. 10 Quantitative X-ray analysis .. .... ...... .. .. .. .. .. 3 Appendix ............................................... 12 Chemical analysis .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 Sample descriptions ............................... 12 FIGURES 1. Locations of sampling sites ................... 2 3. X-ray calibration curve for dolomite ......... 4 2. X-ray calibration curve for calcite ........... 4 4. X-ray calibration curve for quartz ............ 5 TABLES 1. X-ray instrument settings ...................... 3 by X-ray and chemical analysis ............ 6 2. X-ray diffraction peaks used in quantitative 5. Chemical analysis data ........................ 9 analysis .......................................... 3 6. Limestone standard (G. F. Smith #401), 3. AAS standard solutions ....................... .. 5 analytical results .............................. 9 4. Comparison of calcite, dolomite, and quartz 7. Solid-solution data .............................. 10 111 HIGH-CALCIUM LIMESTONE FACIES OF THE DEVONIAN DUNDEE LIMESTONE, NORTHWESTERN OHIO by David A. Stith ABSTRACT A lithographic limestone facies of the Devonian Dundee Limestone is exposed in two quarries in Paulding County, Ohio, and is present in the subsurface in much of the north- western corner of the state at depths of less than 900 feet. Samples of this facies were collected from one of the quarries and from representative water- and oil-well sample strings. The samples were analyzed for calcite, dolomite, and quartz by X-ray diffraction and for calcium, magnesium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and potassium by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results of the analyses show that the facies is a high-calcium limestone. In general, calcite content is greater than 95 percent; MgO is less than 0.5 percent, Si02 is less than 1.0 percent, and Fe20 3 is less than 0.1 percent. INTRODUCTION Geologic setting Purpose and scope The Dundee Limestone of northwestern Ohio is Middle_ Devonian in age. It is underlain by the Detroit High-calcium limestone is a commodity that is be- River Group and overlain by the Traverse Group. coming increasingly scarce. As the demand for pure The Detroit River Group in the study area is undif- limestone increases and the surface supplies are ferentiated. It is sublithographic to finely crystalline worked out, those deposits not now economically at- light- to medium-gray, grayish-brown, and brown dolo- tractive may become minable. mite and sandy dolomite, laminated and pelletal in part. At the present time a lithographic limestone facies The Dundee Limestone can be divided into two of the Dundee Limestone is exposed in two quarries in units. The lower Dundee is sandy sucrosic light-gray Paulding County, Ohio (State mine numbers Pg 1 and and light-brown dolomite and limestone with abundant Pg 2). In a recent report J anssens (1970) showed the chert. The upper Dundee is fossiliferous medium- to distribution and thickness of the facies in the subsur- coarse-grained light-gray, yellowish-gray, and medium- face in Defiance, Williams, and parts of Fulton, Henry, brown limestone. In the study area the basal portion of and Paulding Counties. The isopach lines in figure 1 the upper Dundee is a sublithographic to lithographic are reproduced from figure 7 of his report. The purpose very light-gray, medium-gray, and grayish-brown lime- of the present report is to show the mineralogical and stone, pelletal in part. The outcrop of the lithographic chemical composition of this lithographic facie s as facies is limited to a portion of Paulding County and determined by X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption extreme southeastern Defiance County. The glacial spectrophotometry. overburden in this area is mainly ground moraine and 1 I'-> ----r- --,--- -- 0\ 7 I -- I -- ---,:---,I r-I I I •S-1005 Rs-2037 • ,,,.o I L :u c : A s I • • I I I S·109~--- -~ 111 1 •S-1,21 S-1474 _____l ____ J ____ -f_J _____ _ I I •s-911 I I I I I ---- -- -- -- -· - I I I I I ( fJ -J I ---- I 1 I J -.I':. __I 1 I I I ------- _t.S.:.6J!.. _ 1- 11 -------- I ••s-823 I 51 1 ,i- ----I ----- IL _,- ----'--- 1 I w II L L 11 A M SI I S· I •S-2Q_l7 I I : I ::c I I I I • S· 1 964 I I I C) I ,,() 1 • S-306 I r.,_ I I "' I S-655• · -- I ::c -----,-------1-- ___ ,.. - •S-654 I I --- (J 1 I o..o l I I ,----f l _____ _ "' I I I I > 1 -l r' I /t -- -r-- L._.., I I (") I S-1429 I •S-1934 I I I I I '---t---lI -., I I I I I I I I I I I ~ I L-.rT-__ L I r' --, --- I --,--- I I 1 r---- 1 I J I I 1 ~ I I I I r-- I I 1 CJ') I I D E Fl I .rJ.-, I L-r-J ....; : s-11s5L •s-1055 I 1 I l I", .. ' ' ' -------t-------1-'§:_9~ I I I I ~ 31 lTl : .:::: tE -~--R-:~----""--- ---:- '"1:i f ---;-----r------ > 0 I I1 ~I 0 II II W QII Q IDI II [Tl I I I I I I I I I CJ') 0 ----r- -;;;;; L.._ M-32 I ----- t- ----:- -- --_j_ ----- -i -----i ----- ~ ------ '"1:i I I I I I I I . I ....; r I I I I I I ::c I I I I I I I I lTl I -----8~;~0~9& Pg 1 I I : l : : : 0 ~ I : - ,----:------:----,----- __,___ 0 I I I I I I I I p iA u L I D I N1 G I I I I lTl lTl I I I I 1 I ----! _____ ,_ I I : I S-1474 • Oil well r' ~ I j -- -r------,-- -- M-32 • Water well [Tl --i------t- ---- --1 CJ') MI 1 I I P: U T IN A MI Pg 20 Quarry ....; 1 I I I I I 87·2049 & Near-surface core I I I I I I I ~ I J I I I 87-2048 Ohio Division of Geological [Tl - ' --- I ----'-' - ------r------,- I Survey field sample number t ' --,.I r-I I' T I I ,------r-----1 -20- I 1 1 O If Miles r-- I 1 I I I: I 'lJ U 'Y FIGURE 1.-Locations of sampling sites; isopachs on lithographic limestone facies from J anssens (1970). PROCEDURE 3 lacustrine silt and clay and ranges from I 5 to 70 feet. Quantitative X-ray analysis Maximum depth to the facies is about 900 feet in Wil- liams County. The determination of the mineralogical composition In northwestern Ohio the Traverse Group consists of a rock by X-ray diffraction has become commonplace. of the Silica Formation and the Tenmile Creek Dolo- The methods primarily used determine either the ratio mite_ The Silica Formation, overlying the Dundee, is of the minerals in a rock from the ratio of their diffrac- interbedded fossiliferous grayish-brown limestone and tion intensities or the absolute percentages of minerals shale. The Tenmile Creek Dolomite is fine- to medium- in a rock from the ratios of their diffraction intensities grained light-yellowish-gray dolomite with abundant to that of an internal standard (Azaroff and Buerger, chert. In much of Williams County and the northwestern I958; Cullity, I956; Fisher, I968; Gulbrandsen, I960; part of Defiance County, limestone predominates and Runnells, I970). the Traverse is undifferentiated (Janssens, I970). All of the samples were analyzed by quantitative X-ray diffraction. The internal standard method was Acknowledgments used with reagent-grade CaF 2 (fluorite) as the stand- ard. The rock was ground to less than 85 mesh by hand The author would like to express his appreciation or by a micropulverizer, depending on the amount of to the managements of those quarries contributing sam- sample. Each sample was prepared for X-ray analysis ples to this study. The well sample descriptions were by mixing approximately 0.75 gm of sample with suffi- done by Dr.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Summary of Petroleum Plays and Characteristics of the Michigan Basin
    DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY A summary of petroleum plays and characteristics of the Michigan basin by Ronald R. Charpentier Open-File Report 87-450R This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Denver, Colorado 80225 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT.................................................. 3 INTRODUCTION.............................................. 3 REGIONAL GEOLOGY.......................................... 3 SOURCE ROCKS.............................................. 6 THERMAL MATURITY.......................................... 11 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION...................................... 11 PLAY DESCRIPTIONS......................................... 18 Mississippian-Pennsylvanian gas play................. 18 Antrim Shale play.................................... 18 Devonian anticlinal play............................. 21 Niagaran reef play................................... 21 Trenton-Black River play............................. 23 Prairie du Chien play................................ 25 Cambrian play........................................ 29 Precambrian rift play................................ 29 REFERENCES................................................ 32 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1. Index map of Michigan basin province (modified from Ells, 1971, reprinted by permission of American Association of Petroleum Geologists)................. 4 2. Structure contour map on top of Precambrian basement, Lower Peninsula
    [Show full text]
  • Stratigraphic Succession in Lower Peninsula of Michigan
    STRATIGRAPHIC DOMINANT LITHOLOGY ERA PERIOD EPOCHNORTHSTAGES AMERICANBasin Margin Basin Center MEMBER FORMATIONGROUP SUCCESSION IN LOWER Quaternary Pleistocene Glacial Drift PENINSULA Cenozoic Pleistocene OF MICHIGAN Mesozoic Jurassic ?Kimmeridgian? Ionia Sandstone Late Michigan Dept. of Environmental Quality Conemaugh Grand River Formation Geological Survey Division Late Harold Fitch, State Geologist Pennsylvanian and Saginaw Formation ?Pottsville? Michigan Basin Geological Society Early GEOL IN OG S IC A A B L N Parma Sandstone S A O G C I I H E C T I Y Bayport Limestone M Meramecian Grand Rapids Group 1936 Late Michigan Formation Stratigraphic Nomenclature Project Committee: Mississippian Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos, Co-chairman Mark S. Wollensak, Co-chairman Osagian Marshall Sandstone Principal Authors: Dr. Paul A. Catacosinos Early Kinderhookian Coldwater Shale Dr. William Harrison III Robert Reynolds Sunbury Shale Dr. Dave B.Westjohn Mark S. Wollensak Berea Sandstone Chautauquan Bedford Shale 2000 Late Antrim Shale Senecan Traverse Formation Traverse Limestone Traverse Group Erian Devonian Bell Shale Dundee Limestone Middle Lucas Formation Detroit River Group Amherstburg Form. Ulsterian Sylvania Sandstone Bois Blanc Formation Garden Island Formation Early Bass Islands Dolomite Sand Salina G Unit Paleozoic Glacial Clay or Silt Late Cayugan Salina F Unit Till/Gravel Salina E Unit Salina D Unit Limestone Salina C Shale Salina Group Salina B Unit Sandy Limestone Salina A-2 Carbonate Silurian Salina A-2 Evaporite Shaley Limestone Ruff Formation
    [Show full text]
  • Middle Devonian Formations in the Subsurface of Northwestern Ohio
    STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 78 MIDDLE DEVONIAN FORMATIONS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO by A. Janssens Columbus 1970 SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL STAFF OF THE OHIO DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY ADMINISTRATIVE SECTION Horace R. Collins, State Geologist and Di v ision Chief David K. Webb, Jr., Geologist and Assistant Chief Eleanor J. Hyle, Secretary Jean S. Brown, Geologist and Editor Pauline Smyth, Geologist Betty B. Baber, Geologist REGIONAL GEOLOGY SECTION SUBSURFACE GEOLOGY SECTION Richard A. Struble, Geologist and Section Head William J. Buschman, Jr., Geologist and Section Head Richard M. Delong, Geologist Michael J. Clifford, Geologist G. William Kalb, Geochemist Adriaan J anssens, Geologist Douglas L. Kohout, Geologis t Frederick B. Safford, Geologist David A. Stith, Geologist Jam es Wooten, Geologist Aide Joel D. Vormelker, Geologist Aide Barbara J. Adams, Clerk· Typist B. Margalene Crammer, Clerk PUBLICATIONS SECTION LAKE ERIE SECTION Harold J. Fl inc, Cartographer and Section Head Charles E. Herdendorf, Geologist and Sectwn Head James A. Brown, Cartographer Lawrence L. Braidech, Geologist Donald R. Camburn, Cartovapher Walter R. Lemke, Boat Captain Philip J. Celnar, Cartographer David B. Gruet, Geologist Aide Jean J. Miller, Photocopy Composer Jean R. Ludwig, Clerk- Typist STATE OF OHIO DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Horace R. Collins, Chief Report of Investigations No. 78 MIDDLE DEVONIAN FORMATIONS IN THE SUBSURFACE OF NORTHWESTERN OHIO by A. Janssens Columbus 1970 GEOLOGY SERVES OHIO CONTENTS Page Introduction . 1 Previous investigations .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 Study methods . 4 Detroit River Group . .. .. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. 6 Sylvania Sandstone ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • Contents List of Illustrations LETTER OF
    STATE OF MICHIGAN Plate IV. A. Horizontal and oblique lamination, Sylvania MICHIGAN GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY Sandstone......................................................................27 Plate IV. B. Stratification and lamination, in sand dune, Dune Publication 2. Geological Series 1. Park, Ind.........................................................................28 THE MONROE FORMATION OF SOUTHERN Plate V. Sand grains, enlarged 14½ times ............................31 MICHIGAN AND ADJOINING REGIONS Plate VI. Desert sand grains, enlarged 14½ times ................31 by Plate VII. Sylvania and St. Peter sand grains, enlarged 14½ A. W. Grabau and W. H. Sherzer times. .............................................................................32 PUBLISHED AS PART OF THE ANNUAL REPORT OF THE BOARD OF GEOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR Figures 1909. Figure 1. Map showing distribution of Sylvania Sandstone. 25 LANSING, MICHIGAN WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE Figure 2. Cross bedding in Sylvania sandstone ....................27 PRINTERS Figure 3. Cross bedding on east wall of Toll’s Pit quarry ......28 1910 Figure 4. Cross bedding shown on south wall of Toll’s Pit quarry.............................................................................28 Contents Figure 5. Cross bedding on south wall of Toll’s Pit quarry in Sylvania sandstone. .......................................................28 Letter of Transmittal. ......................................................... 1 Figure 6. Cross bedding shown on south wall
    [Show full text]
  • Reservoir Geology of the Dundee Limestone, West Branch Field, Michigan
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 12-1990 Reservoir Geology of the Dundee Limestone, West Branch Field, Michigan Brendan Ciaran Curran Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons Recommended Citation Curran, Brendan Ciaran, "Reservoir Geology of the Dundee Limestone, West Branch Field, Michigan" (1990). Master's Theses. 1053. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1053 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RESERVOIR GEOLOGY OF THE DUNDEE LIMESTONE, WEST BRANCH FIELD, MICHIGAN by Brendan Ciaran Curran A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan December 1990 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. RESERVOIR GEOLOGY OF THE DUNDEE LIMESTONE, WEST BRANCH FIELD, MICHIGAN Brendan Ciaran Curran, M.S. W estern Michigan University, 1990 West Branch field is a low-relief, NW-SE-trending anticline near the center of the Michigan basin. Since 1934, the Dundee Limestone (Middle Devonian) has produced over 12 million barrels of oil from this field. From core studies, six depositional facies types were recognized in the Dundee. These are dominated by bioclastic carbonate sand facies deposited in normal- marine shelf settings. Although burial cements have occluded some porosity, carbonate sand facies have retained significant primary interparticle porosity and are the most important reservoir rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Detroit River Group in the Michigan Basin
    GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 133 September 1951 DETROIT RIVER GROUP IN THE MICHIGAN BASIN By Kenneth K. Landes UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director Washington, D. C. Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. CONTENTS Page Page Introduction............................ ^ Amherstburg formation................. 7 Nomenclature of the Detroit River Structural geology...................... 14 group................................ i Geologic history ....................... ^4 Detroit River group..................... 3 Economic geology...................... 19 Lucas formation....................... 3 Reference cited........................ 21 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1. Location of wells and cross sections used in the study .......................... ii 2. Correlation chart . ..................................... 2 3. Cross sections A-«kf to 3-G1 inclusive . ......................;.............. 4 4. Facies map of basal part of Dundee formation. ................................. 5 5. Aggregate thickness of salt beds in the Lucas formation. ........................ 8 6. Thickness map of Lucas formation. ........................................... 10 7. Thickness map of Amherstburg formation (including Sylvania sandstone member. 11 8. Lime stone/dolomite facies map of Amherstburg formation ...................... 13 9. Thickness of Sylvania sandstone member of Amherstburg formation.............. 15 10. Boundary of the Bois Blanc formation in southwestern Michigan.
    [Show full text]
  • Summary of Hydrogelogic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan. Apple, B.A., and H.W. Reeves 2007. U.S. Geological Surve
    In cooperation with the State of Michigan, Department of Environmental Quality Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan Open-File Report 2007-1236 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michigan By Beth A. Apple and Howard W. Reeves In cooperation with the State of Michigan, Department of Environmental Quality Open-File Report 2007-1236 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2007 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation Beth, A. Apple and Howard W. Reeves, 2007, Summary of Hydrogeologic Conditions by County for the State of Michi- gan. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2007-1236, 78 p. Cover photographs Clockwise from upper left: Photograph of Pretty Lake by Gary Huffman. Photograph of a river in winter by Dan Wydra. Photographs of Lake Michigan and the Looking Glass River by Sharon Baltusis. iii Contents Abstract ...........................................................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Xerox University Microfilms
    information t o u s e r s This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again - beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of usefs indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes
    35133_Geo_Michigan_Cover.qxd 11/13/07 10:26 AM Page 1 “The Geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes” is written to augment any introductory earth science, environmental geology, geologic, or geographic course offering, and is designed to introduce students in Michigan and the Great Lakes to important regional geologic concepts and events. Although Michigan’s geologic past spans the Precambrian through the Holocene, much of the rock record, Pennsylvanian through Pliocene, is miss- ing. Glacial events during the Pleistocene removed these rocks. However, these same glacial events left behind a rich legacy of surficial deposits, various landscape features, lakes, and rivers. Michigan is one of the most scenic states in the nation, providing numerous recre- ational opportunities to inhabitants and visitors alike. Geology of the region has also played an important, and often controlling, role in the pattern of settlement and ongoing economic development of the state. Vital resources such as iron ore, copper, gypsum, salt, oil, and gas have greatly contributed to Michigan’s growth and industrial might. Ample supplies of high-quality water support a vibrant population and strong industrial base throughout the Great Lakes region. These water supplies are now becoming increasingly important in light of modern economic growth and population demands. This text introduces the student to the geology of Michigan and the Great Lakes region. It begins with the Precambrian basement terrains as they relate to plate tectonic events. It describes Paleozoic clastic and carbonate rocks, restricted basin salts, and Niagaran pinnacle reefs. Quaternary glacial events and the development of today’s modern landscapes are also discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Pore Characterizations and Distributions Within Niagaran – Lower Salina Reef Complex Reservoirs in the Silurian Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend, Michigan Basin
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-2016 Pore Characterizations and Distributions within Niagaran – Lower Salina Reef Complex Reservoirs in the Silurian Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend, Michigan Basin Agam Arief Suhaimi Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Geology Commons, and the Sedimentology Commons Recommended Citation Suhaimi, Agam Arief, "Pore Characterizations and Distributions within Niagaran – Lower Salina Reef Complex Reservoirs in the Silurian Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend, Michigan Basin" (2016). Master's Theses. 710. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/710 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. PORE CHARACTERIZATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS WITHIN NIAGARAN – LOWER SALINA REEF COMPLEX RESERVOIRS IN THE SILURIAN NORTHERN NIAGARAN PINNACLE REEF TREND, MICHIGAN BASIN by Agam Arief Suhaimi A thesis submitted to the Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Geosciences Western Michigan University August 2016 Thesis Committee Members: Dr. David A. Barnes, Chair Dr. William B. Harrison III Dr. Peter J. Voice PORE CHARACTERIZATIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS WITHIN NIAGARAN – LOWER SALINA REEF COMPLEX RESERVOIRS IN THE SILURIAN NORTHERN NIAGARAN PINNACLE REEF TREND, MICHIGAN BASIN Agam Arief Suhaimi, M.S. Western Michigan University, 2016 The Northern Niagaran Pinnacle Reef Trend (NNPRT) has generated significant oil and gas production in Michigan. The best reservoir rock in the Reef Trend reservoirs are from porous and permeable dolomite of the Guelph Dolomite.
    [Show full text]
  • A Giant New Trimerellide Brachiopod from the Wenlock (Early Silurian) of New South Wales, Australia
    AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Strusz, D. L., Ian G. Percival, A. J. Wright, J. W. Pickett and A. Byrnes, 1998. A giant new trimerellide brachiopod from the Wenlock (Early Silurian) of New South Wales, Australia. Records of the Australian Museum 50(2): 171–186. [7 October 1998]. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1278 ISSN 0067-1975 Published by the Australian Museum, Sydney naturenature cultureculture discover discover AustralianAustralian Museum Museum science science is is freely freely accessible accessible online online at at www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/www.australianmuseum.net.au/publications/ 66 CollegeCollege Street,Street, SydneySydney NSWNSW 2010,2010, AustraliaAustralia Records of the Australian Museum (1998) Vo!. 50: 171-186. ISSN 0067-1975 A Giant New Trimerellide Brachiopod from the Wenlock (Early Silurian) of New South Wales, Australia D.L. STRUSZ,1 I.G. PERCIVAL,2 A.J. WRIGHT,3 J.W. PICKETT2 & A. BYRNES4 1 Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia [email protected] 2 Specialist Services Section, Geological Survey of New South Wales, PO Box 76, Lidcombe NSW 2141, Australia [email protected] picketj @cherry.com.au 3 School of Geosciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong NSW 2522, Australia tony _ [email protected] 455 Woodside Avenue, Strathfield NSW 2135, Australia a. [email protected] ABSTRACT. Keteiodoros bellense n.gen. and n.sp. is a remarkably large trimerellide brachiopod from the Wenlock Dripstone Formation, southeast of Wellington, central New South Wales. The probable articulatory mechanism is unusual for trimerellides. It apparently involved both flattened sections of the lateral commissures which acted as pivots for opening and closing the shell, and a large and strongly modified articulating plate (which partly envelopes a robust dorsal umbo) articulating with the pseudointerarea at the posterior end of the ventral platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrodynamic Character of the Dundee Limestone in the Central Michigan Basin
    Western Michigan University ScholarWorks at WMU Master's Theses Graduate College 8-1986 Hydrodynamic Character of the Dundee Limestone in the Central Michigan Basin Ann Carol Little Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses Part of the Hydrology Commons Recommended Citation Little, Ann Carol, "Hydrodynamic Character of the Dundee Limestone in the Central Michigan Basin" (1986). Master's Theses. 1330. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/masters_theses/1330 This Masters Thesis-Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate College at ScholarWorks at WMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at WMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTER OF THE DUNDEE LIMESTONE IN THE CENTRAL MICHIGAN BASIN by Ann Carol Little A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Graduate College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science Department of Geology Western Michigan University Kalamazoo, Michigan August 1986 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. HYDRODYNAMIC CHARACTER OF THE DUNDEE LIMESTONE IN THE CENTRAL MICHIGAN BASIN Ann Carol Little Western Michigan University, 1986 The Middle Devonian Dundee Limestone underlies most of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. A potentiometric surface constructed of the formation, utilizing pressure data was compared to local and regional structure, permeability trends, specific gravity of the brines, oil accumulations, and surficial topography. The data were distributed mainly in the central basin area, with information becoming more sparse around the basin margins. This created difficulties in the determination of the extent of control imparted by each of the factors, in flow direction.
    [Show full text]