The American Legion Magazine [Volume 77, No. 3 (September 1964)]

Home , American Legion Soldier, Oil Bowl (high school), Pasadena Bowl, Playoff Bowl, Roy Riegels, Willie Heston

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The American

SEPTEMBER 1964 LEGION Volume 77, Number 3 POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1055, Magazine Indianapolis, fad. 46206 The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices 720 Fifth Avenue Contents for September 1964 New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. O'Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin THE FUTURE—AMERICA'S AND THE LEGION'S 4 Art Editor BY NATIONAL COMMANDER DANIEL F. FOLEY Al Marshall Associate Editors In his message on these pages as National Commander, final John Andreola Mr. Foley looks ahead. Roy Miller James S. Swartz Production Manager Art Bretzfield HOW SATELLITES ARE CHANGING YOUR LIFE NOW 7 Copy Editor Grail S. Han ford AN INTERVIEW WITH RUSSELL C. TORNABENE Contributing Editor NBC Manager of Neios Operations Pete Martin It was only two years ago that Telstar I went up, to public applause Circulation Manager and headlines. Now read what has quietly happened Dean B. Nelson Ind. in space since then to affect your life. Indianapolis, Advertising Director Robert P. Redden Chicago-Detroit Sales Office WHEN VILLA RAIDED NEW MEXICO 10 Bart J. Burns 35 East Wacker Drive BY TOM MAHONEY Chicago, 111. 60601 The detailed story of the "Mexican Border Incident" of 1916, the CEntral 6-2401 last armed invasion of the United States. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office UNCLE SAM IN RUMANIA 12 Form 3578. Attach old address label and A PICTORIAL FEATURE give old and new addresses and current member :«hip card number. Also be sure to How Rumania uses highway billboards to ridicule the United States. notify your Post Adjutant.

The American Legion TIBET—WHERE A FORTRESS GROWS IN BLOOD 14 Publications Commission: Dr. Charles R. Logan, Keokuk, Iowa BY CHARLES W. WILEY (Chairman); Adolph F. Bremer, Winona,

Minn. (Vice Chairman) ; Lang Armstrong, Red China is turning a "forbidden land" into a great military bastion Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, Hunting- on the backs of an enslaved and tortured people. ton, W . Va. ; John Cicero, Sivoyerville, Pa. E. J. Cooper, Hollywood, Via.; Clovis Cope- land, Morrilton, Ark.; Paul B. Dague, Down- ingtown, Pa.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH COUNTRY 17 Chris Hernandez, Savannah, Ga.; George D. Levy, Sumter, S. C; Howard E. Lohman, BY ALDEN STEVENS Moorhead, Minn.; Edward Longstreth, La

r A travel article for today's motorists about the land Jolla, Calif.; Frank C. Love, Syracuse, A . Y.; Morris Meyer, Starkville, Miss.; Robert of the '49ers in California. Third in the series Mitchler, Oswego, III. ; Harry H. Schaifer, "Seeing Historic America." Pittsburgh, Pa.; Harold A. Shindler, Lafayette, Ind.; William F. Taylor, Greensburg, Ky.; Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala. Edward McSweeney, WILL TIGHTER CONTROL ON MAIL-ORDER FIREARMS Armonk, N. Y. (Consultant) REDUCE CRIME? 18 TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, pbo: SEN. THOMAS J. DODD (D-CONN.) Ky. t by The American Legion. Copyright con: REP. ROBERT L. F. SIKES (D-FLA.) 1964 by The American Legion. Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, FOOTBALL'S SECOND SEASON 20 P.O. Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 BY LEE GREENE Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019. Wholly owned by The big football season after Thanksgiving, and how it grew. The American Legion, with National Head- quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. Daniel F. Foley, National Commander.

Departments VETERANS NEWSLETTER 25 Publisher's Representatives NEWS OF LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 2 THE AMERICAN LEGION 27 West Coast Arden E. Roney & Assoc. PERSONAL EDITOR'S CORNER 5 45 Los Angeles & San Francisco, Calif. DATELINE WASHINGTON 6 LEGION SHOPPER 54 Northwest The Harlowe Co.

ROD & GUN CLUB 24 PARTING SHOTS 5fi Seattle, Wash. 98101 Southeast Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, The Dawson Co. stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. Miami. Fin. & Atlanta, Ga,

THE AMERI CAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 ——

ican citizens' military intelligence service in the Pacific in WW2? Mr. Hosokawa LETTERS TO THE EDITOR generously credited Col. Kai Rasmussen and myself with the establishment of the Nisei Language School. There were other officers involved whose work Mr. Hoso- Letters published do not necessarily ex- at Netley. If any American veteran has kawa did not and could not have known. press the policy of The American Legion. Keep letters short. Name and address must any knowledge of these clams, or can Before the war two Regular Army of- be furnished. Expressions of opinion and affirm the rumor, I would be very much ficers were regularly sent to Japan to requests for personal services are appreci- ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or interested in hearing from him. If some study the language and to serve an at- to magazine staff answered, due lack of for GI did this, he might be interested to tachment of duty with the Japanese these purposes. Requests for personal services which may be legitimately asked of learn that there is now such a flourish- Army itself. The tour of duty was for should be made to The American Legion ing colony of the American clams in four years. Except for Col. Wallace your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send Southampton Water that it is beginning Moore, all the officers I will name—in- letters to the editor to: Letters, The to support a small shellfish industry. cluding Col. Rasmussen and myself American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- nue, New York, N. Y. 10019. A. D. Ansell, Biologist-in-Charge were graduates of this system. Plankton Laboratory In the summer of 1941, while serving CUBA c/o Poole Power Station in the Panama Canal Department, my sir: If all history books were written, Rigler Road views were asked on the feasibility of with the lucidity and readability of the Poole, Dorset a Nisei Language School, and I strongly July article about General Leonard England concurred. The concept of the school did Wood in Cuba, more young people wou'd not originate with Col. Rasmussen and love our own history. This is only one DALLAS myself. Col. (then Major) Carlisle C. of many articles from your magazine sir: My brother, now 91, who was a Dusenberry and Lieut. Col. Wallace that has been well written as well as in- Dallas businessman for 65 years, says Moore, a reserve officer whose mis- formative. More than once I have taken that your June article "A Look at Dallas, sionary parents had been stationed in your articles and reduced them to Texas'' was the best write-up of Dallas Japan, were primarily responsible for simpler terms so that I could tell them he has ever seen. the concept of the school and planned to my fourth graders. Furman Teal its organization. They were attached to Colette Wallace St. Petersburg, Fla. the Far Eastern Section of the Intelli- Austin, Minn. gence Division of the War Department in sir: A neighbor, who is, like myself, a General Staff Washington. I was sent to San Francisco in Sept. sir: The true failure of the U. S. govern- transplanted Dallasite, handed me your 1941 to organize the school, and Col. ment in Cuba hardly comes through in June issue to read your article on Dallas. Rasmussen served with me. Shortly the story of Leonard Wood and the end- I almost felt as if I were there again. I thereafter I lost his valuable services ing of the occupation in 1902. The U. S. am so tired of having people point their when he was assigned to work on in- supported men like Machado and Ba- grubby fingers at the city—and at me, stallation of coast artillery defense on tista. The failure of the U. S. government as if I were guilty of something for hav- the approaches to San Francisco Har- is in the policy of supporting men in- ing come from Dallas. Perhaps after your bor. When the Nisei Language School stead of ideas. Time wears out men; convention, people will know what nice was greatly enlarged and moved inland, ideas thrive, extend and settle with the people really live in Dallas. And may I I recommended that Col. Rasmussen be passage of time. make one correction? It's true that recalled to it and made its Commandant, Today Cubans are again in rebellion there's only one Nieman-Marcus store in and he was. The great success of the against totalitarianism. The hardships the world. But not everything there is program after its removal to Camp they are suffering make well-known too expensive. Tell your Legion wives to Savage and then Fort Snelling can be modern history. Now, Fidel Castro is take a peek at the mezzanine floor, where credited largely to his work and that of protected by a mighty wall of sea and air they can buy clothes in high style (not his staff. The project was at that time power from attacks and Cubans fighting originals, to be sure) at ordinary prices. taken out of Fourth Army and placed inside their country are cut off from NM is a working gal's paradise, too. And under the supervision of Maj. Gen. supplies. Castro, like Batista, is honored tell them not to miss having one lunch- Clayton L. Bissell of the War Depart- with the protection of the U. S. and eon in Nieman-Marcus' Zodiac room. ment General Staff, whose deputy I be- Soviet Russia, permitting his persecu- It'll be worth waiting in line a few min- came early in 1944. tion, enslavement and murder of the free utes. Thanks for showing our city as it Two other officers attached to the War really is. people of Cuba. Democratic minded Cu- Department General Staff in 1941 who Mrs. C. D. Ward bans are now defenseless, hungry slaves, materially assisted in guiding the school Niles, III. or roam the world like stray dogs, while into existence were Cols. R. S. Bratton powerful neighbors look upon Cuba as and M. W. Pettigrew (both now dead), OUR PACIFIC NISEI a pawn in the international game, ob- who also pushed vigorously for the or- structing her right to self-determination. sir: We want to thank you for Bill Hoso- — ganization of the 100th and 442nd Regi- Let us hope that the example of the U. S., kawa's article in July "Our Own Jap- mental Combat Teams. Col. Bratton and where ideology comes first and men are anese in the Pacific War." The members myself had not only served the training only its instruments, will show the pol- of this Legion Post are of Japanese ex- tour of duty in Japan but had also icy-makers how to become the real traction, many are veterans of the 442nd served on Military Attache duty with leaders of life, liberty and the pursuit Combat Infantry Regiment that served the American Embassy in Tokyo. of happiness in the now distressed and in Europe and is well known. Others These amplifications do not detract disturbed free world. were G-2 Niseis who served with Mili- one iota from Mr. Hosokawa's excellent Raul Seelig tary Intelligence in the Pacific, and article. I add my own very great ad- Jamaica, N. Y. whose work passed unnoticed until now. miration for a fine group of Americans May we always be able to be of mutual the citizens of Japanese parentage who ENGLISH CLAM MYSTERY service. served in the Pacific with distinction sir: I have been trying to trace the James Miyamoto, Commander and gallantry. Many could have justi- origin of a colony of American hard shell Commander Perry Post 525 fiably taken a passive attitude toward clams in Southampton Water, England. American Legion military service when it is considered brothers Now I have heard a rumor that Ameri- Los Angeles, Calif. that their fathers and mothers, can servicemen in WW2, stationed at and sisters, and other relatives were centers in Royal Victoria Hospital, Netley, may sir: May I amplify on Mr. Hosokawa's being held in War Relocation have introduced the clams onto the shore excellent article on our Japanese-Amer- the West. Instead, they decided to prove

2 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 —

their love for their adopted country issue. The work of the Legion through quents with the communists. We give and how they succeeded! its Child Welfare Foundation is probably them a given number of tough babies John Weckerling one of the less recognized sections of the in exchange for an equal number of Brig. Gen., USA (Ret.) total program of the Legion. I can truth- theirs. Supervise each group to keep Winter Park, Fla. fully say that the work of Dr. Ignacy them within the law, and then after six Goldberg for retarded children, on a months ask them which system they'd sir: Thank you for Bill Hosokawa's arti- $16,000 Legion grant, has never been prefer to stay under. It might be more cle on our own Japanese in the Pacific forgotten and is daily bearing fruit. I enlightening than some of the exchange War. traveled across Tennessee with Dr. programs of college students, PhD's, etc. Anthony Radosevich Goldberg, and saw him in action. The Frank H. Ramsay Des Moines, Iowa work he did as a field resource person Beaufort, S. C. for the National Association for Re- sir: American tarded Children under the Legion grant No can read the story of MACARTHUR IN WW1 the Nisei efforts in the Pacific without did trigger a spontaneous combustion. sir: General MacArthur was a great sol- a feeling of intense pride, admiration and The pressing need to trigger more dier and deserving of many honors. affection for these gallant fighting men. "spontaneous combustion" in programs However, your introduction to his Duty, Chester L. Somers for America's children still exists, and Honor, Country in the June issue left West Springfield, Mass. the need for moving the Legion's Child the impression that he was the Com- Welfare Foundation from "peanuts" to mander of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division "coconuts" should be given serious con- sir: Hosokawa's article covered the sub- during sideration WW1. The Division was com- ject well. Too much cannot be said of the by every Legionnaire and every manded to Dec. 14, 1917, by Maj. Gen. fine job our Japanese Post. Americans did on W. A. Mann, and for the rest of the war all fronts. Michael H. Kurek Some of them served with my by Maj. Gen. C. T. Menoher. outfit, Southeastern Regional Director and we were able to give them H. L. Walker one prisoner National Association for Retarded to interrogate on Jan. 27, Oklawaha, Fla. Children 1945. Maybe Lt. Ken Tagami can tell me what they learned from him. Nashville, Tenn. Gen. MacArthur was the 42nd's chief of Thomas L. Mahan staff to Aug. 1918. then led its 84th Forest Park, III. HOMEMADE FLAGPOLES Brigade in the big offensive. He suc- sir: We followed Mr. Blaisdell's advice ceeded to the Division Command after sir: Hosokawa's article on how to make a homemade flagpole, brings to mind the Armistice of November 11, 1918. an almost forgotten incident. At Eniwe- in your May issue. We put up a 20-foot tok we picked pole that we'd wanted for years. Total up a map of Truk. The THE TEXAS' GUNS cost Nisei boys quickly figured out from it was $15 and we have aluminum sir: I thoroughly enjoyed Pete Martin's that it wasn't the invincible fortress that paint and cement left over. I'm encour- aging account of movie-man John Ford's recol- the enemy had led us to believe. It had my neighbors to do the same. We lection of the landing on Omaha Beach plenty of guns and mines, but analysis fly the flag every day. in your June issue, but I'd like to say showed that lack of personnel and ce- G. M. GlLBERTSON that the U.S.S. Texas had neither 12- ment had prevented the construction of Brooklyn Center, Minn. inch nor 16-inch guns. Her main battery more than a few bunkers most of the — was 14-inchers. weaponry wasn't in place! And that was sir: I followed Blaisdell's advice and Jack F. Corse the beginning of the reduction of Truk. built a similar flagpole. I'd like to sug- Cambridge, Vt. J. S. Armstrong, Major, USMCR (Ret.) gest an addition of a rotating ring on the top flag attachment, to prevent Seal Beach, Calif. the Film producer Ford, no naval ordnance flag wrapping around the pole in a expert, simply guessed from their sound changing wind. Instead of cement, I an- PEANUTS TO COCONUTS that they were not 16-inchers, but 12- chored my pole with a small rock, well sir: "America's Biggest Little Founda- inchers. Thanks for expert info on the tamped with earth, to allow the pole to tion" in the July issue adds another rea- subject. be easily moved if desired. son for pride in being a member of the Albert Johrni Legion and its Auxiliary. I am a mem- GOOD THINGS Seneca, S. D. ber of Auxiliary Unit 10, Richmond, sir: Cheers for mention of "Some Good Calif. The work of the Legion's Child ARMISTICE DAY Things" in the July Editor's Corner. We Welfare Foundation is of special interest SHELL are flooded with rotten movies, poor TV to me, as I am a speech and hearing sir: After the WW1 Armistice I was an shows and stage shows, and when a good pathologist with an MA. in the educa- ordnance sergeant attached to a salvage musical like Hello Dolly! comes along it tion of exceptional children. I enclose squadron in the Verdun area. I found, should be supported. And then, the work a gift for the Foundation. May I suggest and still have, a 75 mm shell on which of songwriter Irving Berlin towers so that you publish the address of the is scratched: high above so much that we hear that Foundation to make it simpler for inter- "The last shell fired by the 4th Sec- there's no comparison. Thanks for giv- ested readers to contribute? tion of Battery D of the 128th Field ing credit where credit is due. Ruth P. Chiles Artillery, in the barrage of 462 rounds C. L. Hawkes Richmond, fired Nov. ending Calif. 11, 1918, the world's Camas, Wash. greatest war on the Verdun front." Mrs. Chiles' check has been forwarded The names of three of the gun squad sir: You have the sincere thanks of at to: The American Legion Child Wel- are also scratched on it. least one reader for your editorial on fare Foundation, P.O. Box 1055, Indian- I would be glad to give this shell to (1) Hello Dolly! and (2) Irving Berlin, apolis, Indiana. any member of the gun squad who could in July. Choosing to praise a show that identify himself. is devoid of everything except good en- sir: Your July article "America's Big- Edward J. Ledogar tertainment is some kind of heresy these gest Little Foundation" was most in- 88-12 Parsons Blvd. days. And then to give credit to a guy formative and inspirational, and, I be- Jamaica, N. Y. 11432 like Irving Berlin, well, that surely will lieve, was greatly in the public interest. set another kind of record in the minds Dan W. Flickinger NEW CULTURAL EXCHANGE of some. But what you had to say and Boston, Mass. sir: Jeff Endrst's May story on the ju- the way you chose to express your ideas venile delinquents behind the Iron Cur- struck me as being very well done. sir: Thanks for publishing "America's tain suggests a new form of cultural Robert Foreman Biggest Little Foundation" in the July exchange. Let's exchange juvenile delin- Winona, Minn. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 3 —

FOR YOUR INFORMATION The Future—America's And The Legion's

By NATIONAL COMMANDER ^^fc^f

This will be my last opportunity as National Commander challenge with that same dauntless courage and grim determi- to communicate with my fellow Legionnaires through our nation that brought this nation of ours into being and made American Legion Magazine. America what she is today. all With eyes now turned toward Dallas, Texas, and our Our responsibility as Legionnaires is similarly clear cut. 46th Annual National Convention, I should like to report We must constantly remind the American people, and our to you briefly on developments during my term of office government, of the continuing threat to freedom and of the and to leave with you a parting thought which I think merits need to make whatever sacrifices may be required that free- your most serious consideration. dom shall prevail.

During the year since our Miami Beach National Conven- The theme of my message to our National Convention in tion I have traveled well over 200,000 miles, in this coun- Miami Beach just a year ago, was that this should be a year try and abroad, visiting with Legionnaires everywhere and to rediscover America, to re-establish in our own minds our conferring with U. S. State Department and military officials national identity, to remind ourselves and others of our na- as well as with civilian and military officials of allied govern- tion's past that we might more clearly chart our course for ments. My objective was to be able to bring you a current the future. If my efforts over the past year have contributed and realistic report, based on first-hand observations, of world to the charting of that course, my year's work shall not have conditions and the role of America on the international scene. been in vain.

In these 12 months I have been privileged to observe conditions on the free world defense perimeters, both in Europe Finally, I should like to leave with you a thought which, and in Asia, as well as having visited the no-man's-land be- to a degree, involves the future of The American Legion tween Israel and Jordan and viewed portions of Castro's and which, in my considered judgment, is a problem to which Cuba from the vantage point of our Naval Base at Guan- Legionnaires must address themselves realistically. tanamo Bay. I refer you to the matter of American Legion membership

eligibility requirements. There is, and will be for some time All Americans are well aware that these are perilous times to come, an increasing demand for the services of the Legion.

_ in which we live. We are well aware that communist med- There is, and will be, a continuing desire on the part of many dling in affairs of the free and so-called neutral nations of who have rendered heroic and invaluable service to their the world is the prime cause of international unrest. We know country in time of peril, to join ranks with The American that communist Russia and communist China pose equally Legion. There have been several proposals to re-evaluate our grave threats to peace and freedom despite differences be- eligibility requirements, and I am sure there will be others. tween themselves. In view of the demands being made upon our servicemen We know that America, through treaties, alliances and of today—men who are veterans of the cold war at Guantan- promises, has vast commitments to defend freedom through- amo Bay, in Berlin and Korea and in South Vietnam where out the world. We know that our capability and willingness the war is not so cold—could and should we not reasonably to fulfill those commitments must be sufficient to inspire consider these men for membership in The American Legion? the confidence of our allies and to engender the respect of We recognize by resolution the fact that we are engaged our foes. in "cold war." We recognize by resolution the "great proba- bility of localized aggression by communist forces, of limited Although this nation stands as the citadel of the free wars and of communist fomented unrest in allied nations

_ world, we may take heart from the fact that we do not overseas, as in Laos and in South Vietnam today," and that stand alone. The cause of freedom has staunch allies both in "such limited military conflicts may suddenly erupt in any Europe and in the Far East. They are allies who, like we our- part of the world without warning." selves, have made monumental sacrifices that freedom might Is this not a period of cold war? Do not these men who live. They are willing to make further sacrifices in freedom's render service to our nation today both at home and abroad name. Our role, as a nation, is to maintain the necessary serve as we did during periods of declared war? deterrent forces to insure that there shall be no further en- I do wish to impart for your prompt and serious considera- croachments by the international conspiracy upon free world tion some of these questions which I have encountered during territory and that men still free shall remain forever free my year as your National Commander and may I leave you that those who have been subjugated shall retain the hope of with the thought that the doctrine of the Legion always should freedom regained. be one of reasoned and responsible action—in effect, a doc- In the true spirit of Americanism, we must rise to a mighty trine of common sense.

4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 simple principles of the Preamble and Ar-

ticles 1 and 2. One rogue government EDITOR'S stood in the way in 1945—Stalin's Soviet Union. If Stalin had played ball with the United Nations according to his commit- —CORNER— ments, this could have transformed history. But he didn't. "That reminds us that we need strength, FOREIGN POLICY RUSK ON and great strength, if we are to make a report on On page 27 you will find peace. It is probably correct to say that American Legion Boys' Nation, which the drastic demobilization of the Western was held in July in Washington, D.C. world that occurred at the end of World Here, considerably condensed for this War 2 was perhaps the most serious mis- space, we share with you remarks on the take our people ever made. I think that fundamentals of American foreign policy, after World War 2, through demobiliza- as presented to the young men of our Boys' tion, we tempted thieves. We exposed Nation by Secretary of State Dean Rusk Stalin to enormous temptations to reach on July 23. out and grab. He grabbed, and we have

"Foreign policy is about you. This is a been rebuilding the strength of the Free point you must really get into your giz- World ever since. zards. Foreign policy is about people, and "Under the Preamble and Articles 1 that is the overriding consideration in ev- and 2, the United Nations is an association erything that we do, be it trade or trying of independent nations, voluntarily coop- to get the Greek Cypriots and the Turkish erating in their common interest across 3&ESDSHA VER^ 20 Cypriots to find some basis of agreement, national frontiers, joining in mutual de- World's Largest Selling Electric Shaver or insisting that Hanoi and Peiping leave fense, settling disputes by peaceful means alone, or seeking scien- funda- their neighbors if possible. Those things are pretty Rotary blades whirl contin- tific cooperation with all countries on de- mental to policy on a bipartisan basis in uously to give The Comfort water. is all about what salting sea This this country. Shave—never "grab". happens to individual people. "Very seldom do we have a bitter, pain- Self-sharpening, surgical "The objectives of our policy are really ful issue involving a single other govern- very simple. Re-read the first part of the ment. Most of our quarrels with other gov- steel-lasts for years. Top Declaration of Independence. How many ernments have to do with what's going to flips open for easy clean- of you have done that, say, in the last six happen to somebody else, even the whole ing—lets you do the job in months? [Large show of hands] Well, good world. They arise out of the great con- seconds. On-Off switch. for Boys' Nation. This is really very im- frontation between communism and the Self - lubricating motor. portant. Free World. 110 volts. AC/DC. "The American people really do believe "Right now we don't have a blazing that governments derive their just powers crisis with the Soviet Union. But the big from the consent of the governed. They dangerous, explosive problems are still believe that that is the heart of political with us. We are not in a state of settled wisdom. And this is a scarlet thread that peace. runs through most of our policy. "Then we have other people's quarrels. "This is why the American people in- I suppose there are 25 or 30 countries that stinctively favor the independence of na- we have relations with who have some tions. We invented that idea. This is why sort of quarrel with their immediate it's easier for us to work with a democracy neighbors. We get drawn into these quar- than with a dictatorship. This is why we rels, either because we are members of in- are so deeply concerned about what has ternational bodies where they come up, or gone on over the years in Eastern Europe. because our own interest requires us to That is why we are so much concerned take a hand to try to settle them, or be- when here at home we fail to live up to cause the parties themselves come to us [our own ideals]. asking for help, either to settle the quarrel "There isn't a country in the world that or to ask our support for their own points doesn't fail to live up to the highest ideals. of view. But we can't use that as an alibi. We are "We can't run away from them. If two 'FLOATING-HEAD' the only country in the world that is ex- nations with whom we hope to be friends, pected to bat a thousand in this business. such as Pakistan and India, quarrel with S&ESDSHAVEP^. 30 Our failures rush around the world at the each other, then this cannot help but com- speed of light, and our enemies are joyful plicate our relations with both Pakistan .'Floating-heads' swivel to and our friends are distressed. We have the and India. fit the face— automatically pressure of history upon us to do the best receive every working day in this "We assume the proper shaving job we can here in our own society. So Department about 1300 official cables angle. Rotary blades are this simple notion that governments derive from our posts all over the world. We get surgical steel, self-sharpen- their just powers from the consent of the telegrams from the public in addition to ing, self-cleaning. Slotted governed is an operating principle of pol- that. [Laughter] We send out a thousand icy that you see at work all the time. cables a day, all of them signed 'Rusk', whisker combs. Handsome "You might also want to read the Pre- and I see about six of them. [Laughter] case. 1 10-220 volts, AC/DC. amble and Articles 1 and 2 of the United Most of them have to do with the on-going ENJOY THE COMFORT SHAVE Nations Charter. Those of us who were in business of building a decent world order. VISIT World War 2 came out of that war with On any day we will be attending 15 to 20 THE NORELCO BOOTH the hope that perhaps mankind had it international meetings somewhere in the made, finally. We had been scarred by that world. These meetings cover a great va- war. We were thinking long and deeply riety of things, such as the nuclear arms filorelco with other nations about what kind of race, epidemiological control or the allo- ELECTRIC SHAVERS world we ought to have. On a bipartisan cation of radio frequencies. This is the North American Philips Company, Inc. basis, almost unanimous in the Senate, we great constructive work in which govern- 100 E.42nd St., York, N.Y. joined with other nations to write out the (Continued on page 52) New 10017

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 5 . —

DOCK STRIKE THREAT. DATELINE FEWER SOCIAL SECURITY RESTRICTIONS?

TRADE FOR AID . . . BUT HOW? WASHINGTON

With the U. S. economy running in high gear, the PEOPLE AND QUOTES: Administration is keeping an eye on the storm clouds build- U.S. CODE ON COUPS ing up over the East and Gulf Coast docks . . . The "It has long been, and con- current agreement between the shippers and the longshore- tinues to be, our firm policy to men runs out September 30, and President Johnson could discourage any who conspire to delay a walkout for 80 days under the Taft-Hartley Act. overthrow constitutionally The chief issue involved, manpower versus automation, elected government. But if gov- is so tough and deep that even now Washington is ernments are overthrown, it has worried about the possibility of a waterfront strike long been our practice ... to en- . . . Such a walkout could raise havoc with U.S. inter- courage the holding of free and national trade, aid, balance of payments, and domestic fair elections—to encourage a employment return to constitutional pro- Less than two years ago, when the longshoremen struck cedures." Thomas C. Mann, as- for 34 days, the economic loss was calculated at approxi- sistant secretary of state for mately $1 billion, with 100,000 thrown out of work in Inter-American Affairs. the resulting decline of business activity. Ship operators, pressed by foreign competition, are POLITICAL SURVIVAL seeking to reduce costs by reducing longshore loading "In politics you've got to have gangs; the union (International Longshoremen's Assoc.) a sense of humor. If you don't is determined to protect job security for its members. have humor, you'll end up in a nuthouse with a lot of paper dolls." Former N. Y. State Dem- Support is slowly but steadily building up to liber- ocratic chairman Prendergast. alize the restrictions against earning money that reduce Social Security payments to retirees. WEST GERMAN VIEW A special Senate subcommittee, headed by Sen. Jennings "Of those who guarantee our Randolph (D-W.Va.), has added a new voice to the in- freedom, we cannot afford to dividual calls by some members of Congress to amend the miss one, neither the French Social Security Act so that oldsters who've retired at 65 nor the British nor the Ameri- can work, especially at part-time jobs, and augment cans." Gerhard Schroder, for- their federal benefits with earnings . . . The sub- eign minister of West Germany. committee is leading a drive to simplify and liberalize the present restrictions. AUSTRALIAN VIEW Surveys indicate that one-third of the total income "We're in a world power struggle. to of the older Americans comes from their employment . . * You've got stand Such work, the surveys find, not only makes the senior up and be counted—you've got citizen more self-sufficient, but also gives him a feel- to say which side you're on. We side we're and ing of usefulness to his family and community . . . know which on Question is how to help the oldsters without diminishing we're going to stick to that the work available for the youngsters streaming into side." Paul M. C. Hasluck, min- the labor market every year. ister for external affairs of Australia.

One of Washington' s most difficult problems is how to FORD ON STRIKES replace U. S. aid programs with trade as the means of "I am convinced that re- helping the underdeveloped nations get to their economic sponsible bargaining is most feet, especially the countries of Latin America . . . unlikely if the very possibility It's not simply a matter of trade. of a strike is ruled out from the The Latin American countries have long complained that beginning." Henry Ford II, their chief exports— coffee, sugar, minerals, etc. chairman, Ford Motor Co. are primary products subjected to sharp fluctuations in price . . . When the world price of these products de- NOT ONLY WASHINGTON clines, due to excess supply over demand, the exporting "While it has become fashion- countries suffer a sharp reduction in income, and a able to lament the growth of the setback in their development programs. Federal Government, it is the In addition, Latin American republics argue that while states themselves which have they have, in general, been paying progressively more over become even more topheavy the past decade for the finished products which they im- with personnel, boards, com- port from the United States, they have been getting less missions and agencies." Rep. for the primary commodities they sell to the United States. Robert T. McLoskey (R-Ill.).

6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 BLACK STAR

How Satellites Are Changing Your Life Now

An Interview with RUSSELL C. TORNABENE, NBC Manager of News Operations.

You aren't apt to go to Venus, or

even the Moon — but

spacecraft are already

affecting you here on

earth at a dizzy pace.

Tornabene with a model of RCA's Relay satellite, which may send us the Tokyo Olympics live on TV. Cover drawing is also a Relay.

space flight to the people on this earth. Q. That's what you mean by a "dizzy QMr. Tornabene, it seems that pace?" orbiting satellites are putting us Q. And you've told us that you have • in the "Buck Rogers" era now. found things going at a dizzy pace? A. Yes. New things fast. Use of a Syn- satellite in this Not some time in the future. The man A. "Dizzy pace" is just right. It was less com way would be brand in the street already feels their effects, than six years ago, in December 1958, new, and, although we are making our and is apt to feel them more by leaps and that the SCORE project broadcast a plans to use a Relay, we may at the last bounds. True or false? tape-recorded Christmas message of minute have temporary use of NASA's III A. I think that's true. We feel it espe- President Eisenhower's from a point over new Syncom for Olympic pictures. cially in our field. the Atlantic off Florida. That was the That's how things have been going all the first planned time these last six years. Q. For the record, you are NBC's news public message beamed to earth from space. operations manager, and have been in Q. We recall the headlines when a Tel- the thick of coordinating network TV Q. And now? star satellite brought us live TV from intercontinental broadcasts by way of A. Now we are working out plans for Europe, and vice versa, for the first time, communications satellites orbiting the showing some events of Tokyo's October by relaying pictures and voice around earth? Olympic Games in American homes, as the electronic horizon as Telstar passed A. Yes. I have been very much taken they happen. This summer we don't even high over the Atlantic. But what are up with broadcasting via satellites. When know which satellites we will use—or use these Relays and Syncoms? Telstar has we used the first Telstar to transmit live most. We expect to use one of the Re- some pals up there now, apparently.

TV between America and Europe I was lays. We'll use Syncom III if we have A. Oh, the first Telstar went up two the first chairman of the U.S. networks' it successfully parked out in space over years ago, back in 1962. That's a long coordinating committee. I'm not a space the Pacific as planned. There's little time ago the way things have been hap- scientist. My work deals with your ques- question in our minds about showing pening. Since then, strictly in terms of tion—bringing some of the effects of some of the Olympics live in your home. satellites for public broadcasting, five

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1964 7 — continued How Satellites Are Changing Your Life Now WIDE WORLD more have gone up, and two more are Edwin O. Reischauer, was stabbed in the in the immediate works. leg by a Japanese youth. When Japanese Premier Hayato Ikeda first Q. Will you name them? came on the live TV from his country to the United A. Telstar II. Relay I, Relay II, Syn- States, instead of starting with the pre- com I and Syncom II. They are all orbit- arranged program he apologized to the ing now, though Telstar I and Syncom I American people in their are now dead. homes for the attack on their Ambassador, assuring Will you characterize them in brief? Q. friendship and ascribing the attack to a designed A. The two Telstars. and made deranged person. by AT&T, and two Relays, designed and Q. Which certainly proves that live NASA broadcasts are unpredictable. What are the Syncoms like?

Eight Tiros weather satellites have been sending us instant photos of the earth's weather as seen at a glance from space. made by RCA, were tailored for TV use. They orbit, and we can relay intercontinental programs through them as they pass by. Special ground stations are needed to send to them and receive from them. We have blanketed all Europe and all North America with live TV broadcasts via our ground station at Andover, Maine. The Europeans use ground sta- A Syncom satellite, which hovers over one tions at Goonhilly Downs, on Land's spot of the earth (see sketch above), eliminates need to wait for it to pass by End. England, and at Pleumeur-Bodou, for messaging. Syncom III, if up in time, on the French Atlantic coast. The regu- will supersede the older Relays in showing lar coaxial cables to local TV stations us the Olympic Games live from Tokyo. here and in Europe complete the hookup direct to homes, as well as to sources for A. The Syncoms hover over one spot of programs. We have bounced live TV the earth by approximating the speed of across the Pacific, from and to Japan, the rotation of the earth. They were using the Relay satellites and ground designed and made by the Hughes Air- stations at Hitachi, Japan, and Mojave, Historic first. Telstar I rises from Cape craft Company. The first two weren't Calif. Canaveral (now Cape Kennedy) on July for but for instantaneous 10, 1962. It gave us our first trans- made TV, Q. When did we hop the Pacific with atlantic live TV. Top picture, sketch of voice and data transmittals over wide live TV? a Telstar in space. Since then five more areas of the earth. Three TV Syncoms, A. To Japan, last November. From communication satellites have gone up. parked evenly around the earth, could Japan, this March 25. Both were unex- put the whole earth in instantaneous pectedly dramatic. Each time we had and he was murdered. We deleted the communication at any time without prearranged programs. Polite messages, Kennedy tape from that pass of the Sat- waiting for successive passes of the satel- invitations, local views—just for tests. ellite and sent news shots related to the lites. When we get three TV Syncoms We had President Kennedy on tape as assassination on the next pass. Then up as part of such a plan, only the ex- part of the November test to Japan. It this March, just before the broadcast pansion of ground stations and ground was scheduled for the fateful 22nd from Japan, our Ambassador to Japan, communications will remain before the

8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SE EMBER 1964 UPI

...... ,,. .

World's biggest live TV audience—220,000,000 in U.S. and Europe—saw Kennedy funeral cortege (above).

WIDE WORLD whole earth can be in touch at any moment via Syncoms. Incidentally, they hover very high—at about 22,300 miles. Q. What are the next two communications satellites now in the works? A. Syncom III may or may not be up when these words appear. That'll be a Syncom capable of limited TV, unlike the first two. It is planned to park it over the mid-Pacific, so that live TV between the United States and the Orient can be possible.

Q. And the other? A. A private corporation plans to park Japan's ground relaying station at Hitachi (left), and, at right, Japanese Premier Hayato Ikeda personally apologizing to Americans in their homes for attack on our a Syncom over the Atlantic to be the Ambassador E. O. Reischauer, in first live TV test from Japan conducted last March. first truly commercial satellite. It'll con- nect the United States and Europe.

Q. A privately owned satellite! A. Oh, it wouldn't be the first. AT&T owns the Telstars. She paid the government to launch them, but AT&T owns them up there. While they are privately owned, however, they are purely experimental and not commercial. The networks use them by arrangement, without fee. But Communications Satellite Corp. —known as COMSAT—plans to go into business with this new Syncom. They'll call it Earlybird, appropriately.

Q. Do RCA and Hughes own the Relays and Syncoms that are up? A. No. They sold them to NASA, the space agency. But Congress passed an act under which COMSAT can go into space commercially, under a federal (Continued on page 36) Our transatlantic ground station at Andover, Maine, built by AT&T.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 When VILLA raided NEW MEXICO

Pancho Villa as a civil war leader in northern Mexico before he raided the U.S.

In 1916 our soldiers-to-be in two world wars If not actually favored, Villa received fair and equal treatment from the United States in the Mexican civil war until the had a field exercise when Pancho Villa struck fall of 1915. Then, to the surprise of General Scott and many others, Presi- dent Woodrow Wilson recognized Ven- Columbus, N. Mex., with flame and bullet. ustiano Carranza, Villa's bewhiskered rival, as ruler of Mexico. An embargo was placed on shipments of arms and By TOM MAHONEY undetected, marched three miles, and his even coal to Villa, while Carranza was men were inside the town and the camp allowed to send 5,000 troops from

of the 1 3th Cavalry guarding it before a N. is just Columbus. Mex.. one of shot was fired. After nearly half a cen- U.S. SIGNAL CORPS-NATIONAL ARCHIVES nearly 50 American communities tury Columbus still bears scars of bullets

named for Christopher Columbus and flames, and old border residents still but it has a unique place of its own in argue the responsibility for that grim history. The little sun-baked town. 75 night. miles west of El Paso. Tex., is the site Villa, a genial outlaw who could bare- of the most recent shooting invasion of ly write his name, had been regarded as the United States. a hero on both sides of the border. He It was invaded on the morning of was in the field in a civil war in Mexico. March 9. 1916. the day that Newton D. He neither smoked nor drank. His nu- Baker, a mild-mannered former mayor merous wives, his skill with horse and of Cleveland, became Secretary of War. gun, his rise from obscurity to fame The invader was Francisco "Pancho" made him a figure of romance. His cour- Villa, the Mexican bandit-general "who age and strategy also won for him the ad- could march a hundred miles without miration and friendship of Maj. Gen. stopping, live a hundred days without Hugh L. Scott, U.S. Army Chief of Staff food, go a hundred nights without sleep, and Acting Secretary of War. In return. and kill a hundred men without re- Villa exempted U.S. citizens from many morse." confiscations and often took Scott's ad- Maj. H. L. Slocum commanded our small He led a force of 500 across the border vice. force in Columbus when Villa struck.

10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 —

The morning after, in Columbus. In foreground, ruins of Commercial Hotel, where six Americans were killed and burned.

sources that Villa was moving toward Columbus. The news- paperman quietly took a train there and lodged not at the sizable Commercial Hotel but at the smaller Columbus Hotel. On the night of March 8, Seese had Edwin Van Camp, an El Paso Associated Press telegraph operator, join him. Many people knew that Villa was in the vicinity and the El Paso Times published the fact. Few of them, however, realized that he was no longer the amiable Villa of the Sun- day supplements. Many believed that if he crossed the border,

it would be only to seek refuge. One newspaper story said he planned to live either in California or Havana. His "church wife" Luz and their three children had fled to Havana. He had a younger wife, Juanita Torres, and a daughter in Los Angeles. Another headline said: "Villa Means to Go to Ar- gentina and Raise Cattle." The same day that Seese went to Columbus, Zach Lamar collector at telegraphed Washing- Burning dead Villistas after the raid. Cobb, of customs El Paso, ton: "Villa left Pacheco Point, near Madera, March 1 with 300 men headed toward Columbus, N. Mex. He is reported Piedras Negras, via the Southern Pacific railroad across Texas, west of Casas Grandes today. There is reason to believe he New Mexico and Arizona, to Agua Prieta, Sonora, where intends to cross to the United States and hopes to proceed they defeated Villa and his army. to Washington." This view was amplified in a dispatch sent Vowing revenge, Villa talked of invading Arizona. Though from El Paso on March 8 and published next morning in he had 10,000 men, he did not, but, with dwindling forces, the New York Tribune. Under the headline: "Villa Seeking moved east into Chihuahua. He looted the Hearst-owned Asylum in U.S.," this said he counted on his friendship with ranch near Madera in December. In Chihuahua City on Jan- General Scott to secure favorable terms and planned to con- uary 1, 1916, he announced, "I am going to kill every Gringo fer with U.S. Army officers near Columbus. I meet." Ten days later his followers took 17 U.S. mining Attempting to sift truth from rumor was Col. Herbert J. engineers from a train near Santa Ysabel and murdered them. Slocum, a 60-year-old veteran of the Spanish-American and In revenge for the Southern Pacific's transport of his enemies, Indian Wars who commanded the 13th Cavalry at Colum- he threatened a holdup of that railroad's "Golden State Lim- bus. He had 21 officers and 532 troopers with which to guard ited," a Chicago-Los Angeles luxury train. 65 miles of lonely border, but, because the two countries The Associated Press correspondent at El Paso sent a dis- were at peace, could not send patrols into Mexico. On March patch on this threat. Many travelers cancelled reservations 6, his superiors at San Antonio told him that "reliable" in- on the famous train and the railroad protested. When the formation said Villa planned to give up; and that "unrelia- Golden State continued to roll unattacked, the AP fired its ble" sources said Villa intended to raid U.S. border towns. El Paso correspondent and replaced him with George Seese. Slocum received his only definite word of Villa on March 7, Though only 33, Seese, a native of Baton Rouge, La., had 1916. That morning, cowboys branding cattle for the Palomas worked on many newspapers and had been in charge of AP Land and Cattle Co. ran into 500 Villistas making camp

bureaus in San Francisco and Los Angeles. on a stream 1 5 miles below the border. Their Mexican helpers Mindful of the fate of his predecessor, Seese acted cau- fled but three men—Arthur McKinney, William Corbett and tiously on March 3 when he received word from Mexican James O'Neil, the last a cook (Continued on page 40) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 H This Rumanian billboard represents an evil Western capitalist, with features not unlike John D. Rockefeller in his old age, surreptitiously sneaking nuclear weapons to a Nazi-like Western German militarist. The This billboard represents a new African nation rejecting U.S. peace "pretensions" of NATO are shown as a screen for the "deceit." foreign aid as an unwanted form of "new colonialism." The Rumanian communist government uses billboards far more than regular news media to plant the seeds of hate and distrust.

Here is how the Rumanian communist government indoctri- nates its people in hatred of the West, particularly the United States, by the use of clever roadside billboards. You scarcely need the ability to read to get the point. The photos were taken by an American tourist who prefers to be nameless, as he might wish a visa to travel behind the Iron Curtain again some day. He found travel in his Volkswagen quite easy in Rumania, the visa easy to get, prices reasonable, and the red carpet out for tourists. The flag of a tourist's country placed on his restaurant table advertises his nationality to other diners. The Stars and Stripes drew real stares, he said. But of all his experiences, his memory of the political billboards made the most lasting impression, he reported. He was glad to get back across the border into Western Europe. n w While his travel was quite unre-| stricted, the visitor breathed a sigh of relief in leaving Rumania because "big brother" was al- This little billboard drama shows smug capitalism dreaming ways watching him. Here is one of its great share of the world's industrial production while of the control points where li- busy, virtuous communism gets a bigger and bigger piece cense numbers of all vehicles of the pie and ends up in 1980 with almost everything. passing that way were noted.

12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 in Rumania

On a Rumania highway this billboard shows Uncle Sam shooting words of peace coming from his mouth, and the clever caption down doves of peace. In the symbolism, the doves are actually makes its point quite simply: "Between words and deeds

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 13 EAST PHOTO

How Tibet looks down into India's throat, and Vehicle-clogged military roads wind across Tibet from China. This is the Sinkiang highway, on her neighbors from Kashmir to Burma's rice.

TIBET-Where a Fortress

By CHARLES W. WILEY Grows in Blood "the roof of the world," ONTibet, Red China is building an immense military bastion on the backs of an entire nation of slaves. Look- The world was mute as China gobbled up ing down the throat of India and of other Asian nations, Mao Tse-tung's legions are preparing for further conquests even peaceful Tibet. Now, to unspeakable abuse, as the communists devour Tibet. Red China's Tibetan military buildup is hidden in the haze that covers the nearly inaccessible land of Shangri-La. Less Tibetan slaves make it a communist bastion. than a dozen Americans have ever been in Tibet, and no westerners have visited there since the communist conquest in

1 950. The picture is pieced together from Howley, former Berlin commandant and three to 1 2 million people, but no one known events, the sad stories of refugees, now vice-president of New York Uni- really knows. The best guess is probably fragmentary reports and what the Chi- versity, points out that such a heavy com- between five and eight million. nese say themselves. Brought into focus, mitment to the construction of military Until the Red Chinese occupation,

it shows an immediate threat to much of highways as is now taking place in Tibet Tibet was a religious state ruled by the Asia and a long-range danger to the en- has historically been the best indication Dalai Lama, a god-king who is wor- tire world. of future aggression. shipped by his people as a "living Bud- In India, Nepal and Kashmir, I dis- Gen. George C. Kenney, who directed dha." Religion is involved in every cussed Tibet with many authorities, and the air war against Japan in WW2 and phase of Tibetan life. One-fourth of all also with several outstanding U.S. mili- was the first commander of the Strategic males joined holy orders before the com- tary men here at home. All agree that Air Command (SAC), told me that munist takeover, and there were monas- further Tibetan-based communist ag- Tibet would make an excellent site for teries in all population centers and often gression is almost certain. missile bases, and that an industrialized in very remote areas. Those on active duty had to speak off China operating from this area would Because their lives are so deeply the record, but others did not. Gen. Em- be a grave menace. rooted in religion, Tibetans were con- mett ("Rosie") O'Donnell, until very The "Forbidden Land" of Tibet is a tent to live quietly, apart from the rest recently commander of the United States large plateau in Central Asia, twice the of the world, spinning prayer wheels and Air Force in the Pacific, said that Red size of Texas. Five-mile-high mountains meditating much of the time. They pur- China, striking from the mountains of tower over valleys that are themselves posely cut themselves off, avoiding for- Tibet, could conquer India unless there 15,000 feet high. eign entanglements of any kind when- was substantial outside assistance to pre- The pre-invasion native population ever possible. They had no roads, rail- vent that conquest. Brig. Gen. Frank L. has been estimated at anywhere from ways or airfields, and only a single, fre-

14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 quently cut telegraph-telephone line from the capital city of Lhasa to India and the outside world. They had no army by modern standards, only a small palace guard and border patrol equipped with ancient arms. On October 7, 1950, three Red Chi- nese armies marched into Tibet. The spinning prayer wheels never had a chance against communist firepower. Few people paid much attention to the event except as a senseless outrage. It was hard to see why the communists wanted an area so remote. Several as- sumptions, all true, were that China would use Tibet (a) as a rough land in

which to settle some of its millions, and (b) as an easy place to advertise its power. Extending China to border on many additional countries, including In- dia, was a psychological boost to China and a world political stroke of a magni- tude somewhat diluted by the traditional unimportance of Tibet. In 1950, the world in general suffered from the same delusion that proved the undoing of the Tibetans. The land seemed too remote, isolated and rugged to figure in an upset of world power balance. Not until China waged war on In- dia out of Tibet in 1962 did the light begin to dawn. China had been making the "roof of the world" accessible—not only for Chinese settlers, but for extension of

its military potential, bringing it to bear on new areas of the world that had thought themselves safe beyond the mountains.

An accessible Tibet is an entirely different thing from an inaccessible Tibet. It looks down on all of northern India, and on other areas that produce food and could absorb Chinese people: Nepal, a food exporting nation; beautiful, lush Kashmir; Bhutan, with a small population and a large grain potential; fertile fighting against lands of India that are just across the border. Given a base of supplies, suitable roads and airbases in Tibet, armies can

move down out of it. It can serve as well as a base for infiltrators with only lightly guarded frontiers to cross. For long- range purposes, Tibet is a good forward base for a drive south to the Indian Ocean, or southeast to flank Burma and Southeast Asia, or west into the Middle East. And there isn't a first-class military power along its entire frontier. After their invasion of Tibet, the communists quickly organized a feverish program of road construction. A nationwide network took shape by 1954, with several key highways completed and others building fast. One was a circuitous highway northwest to Sinkiang province, another led to Tibet's southern frontier. By 1955, the latter reached the Sikkim Tibetans are the most peaceful people on earth. Author Wiley photographed these and Bhutan borders. In 1957, all main mild refugees in Nepal, with their smiles and prayerlike attitudes. They were lucky. arteries were completed. Many were all-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 15 continued TIBET—Where a Fortress Grows in Blood

weather roads, and they included heavy steel bridges. By 1960, roads linked the main highways to passes all along the Nepal frontier and with many areas near the Indian, Bhutan and Sikkim borders. Part of the Sinkiang road runs through Indian territory, which the communists simply took. The importance of Tibet in Red China's plans was evident from the priority given to this construction program. Industrial and heavily populated areas of China were in desperate need of roads that would have produced immediate benefits, but China waited while Tibet got the roads. Along with road construction, the communists are also building at least one major rail line in Tibet. Reports from Sikkim in 1960 told of a crash program using 500,000 workers. As early as 1954, the Soviet Union helped build a Red China military base at Kashgar near the border of Kashmir. In 1955, Gen. Chang Kuo-hua, communist military governor of Tibet, paid special tribute to the "selfless aid of So- viet experts" in the road-building program. A Peiping announcement in 1957 said that the Tibet-Sinkiang highway was built under the supervision of Soviet engineers. After 1957 there are, however, no references to USSR interest in Tibet. Thubten Norbu, the Dalai Lama's brother, told me that he has heard no reports of Soviet activity, either pro- or anti-Chinese, in years.

Second in importance only to Tibetan

road construction is the building of commercial and military air bases. By 1955, perhaps earlier, red military planes were already operating from bases in Tibet. The beautiful Vale of Kashmir, open to attack from western Tibet. It is a tempting Peiping living room for Chinese hordes even as India and Pakistan quarrel over it. In 1956, Lhasa to service was established, and by 1957 the red air force had a formidable airdrop capability. When roads were cut by Tibetan rebels, Chinese army units were supplied entirely by air. The first reports of communist jets in action over Tibet came from British sources in 1959. With interior needs covered, the Red Chinese air force began building a dozen military fields near Tibet's southern borders in 1960. Today, communist bombers can reach most of India's major cities from Tibet. Red Chinese Army strength in Tibet is very difficult to estimate. It is clear that the communists have had a minimum of a quarter of a million troops in Tibet since 1959, and some observers put the number as high as 750,000. Today, it is believed that there are nearly 200,000 soldiers near the Indian border. And with

its transportation system in Tibet, Red China can add as many as she wishes. The rice paddies of Burma—the breadbasket of Asia—are vulnerable to a Chinese pincers via Laos from the east and the heights of Tibet from the northwest. (Continued on page 46)

16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 BROWN HROS. (Readers may find this series of value on future motor trips or of interest to students of American history. We suggest SEEING HISTORIC AMERICA #3 you clip and save each as it appears). A travel series for motorists By ALDEN STEVENS Field Director, Mobil Travel Guide

California highway 49 runs through the heart of the Forty-niners' gold rush country. The discovery of "some kind of met- tle that looks like gold" by James W.

Marshall in January 1 848, began one of the most colorful and significant episodes in the great American westward movement. His find was at Coloma, Calif.

The Gold Rush of '49 left behind it scores of lively ghost towns along the long, narrow hundred-mile strip called the "mother lode." Most of these towns still exist and all have the provocative attraction inherent in their lusty past. Ex- ploration of this area is fun and can easily

Left, an old photo of the Gold Rush taken about 1849 or 1850, and right, a statue of James Marshall today, pointing to the spot where he found gold. THE CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH COUNTRY

National Park is a few miles east of its Rough and Ready be combined with a trip to or from San southern end. Lake Tahoe is sixty miles Francisco. 20 east of Placerville via US 50. This moun- The state's appropriately numbered tain lake at an altitude of 6,230 feet is highway 49 tortuously twists through surrounded by places to stay and eat and the beautiful Sierra foothills more than offers water sports, skiing and, in Ne- 300 miles from Oakhurst north to Vin- vada, gambling. Squaw Valley State ton. It passes through or near most of Park, home of the 1961 Winter Olympics the old mining towns: Drytown (which and a well-developed ski area, is 8 miles had 26 saloons); Fiddletown, Frogtown, west of Tahoe's north end. Hunting and Rough 'n Ready and manv others. High- fishing are excellent all through the way 49 crosses both US 40 and US 50; Sierra. The paved mountain passes are so does the mother lode. not difficult except after a heavy snow. Mark Twain in Roughing It and Bret 1964 Motel and Restaurant Information: Harte in The Outcasts of Poker Flat Auburn, Calif, (on US 40). Very good: lived in and wrote about this country. Foothills Motel, 400 Train Dr., 1 mi. Mark Hopkins, one of the builders of E on US 40, 60 air-cond. rms., pool, bar, (916) 5-4594. Good: Ivy the Central Pacific Railroad, founded his cafe, TU Motel, High and Elm, on Calif 49. 2 fortune by opening a grocery store; John blks. E of US 40, 24 air-cond. rms., Studebaker made miners' wheelbarrows pool, (916) 885-5186. Placerville, Calif, (on US 50). There and Philip D. Armour ran a butcher shop are many good motels here. Very in Hangtown, now Placerville. Edwin good: Gold Trail Motel, 2 mi. E on US 50, Pt. View exit, 32 air-cond. rms., Booth played at Angels Lola Camp. pool, (916) NA 2-1920. Very good: Montez and Lotta Crabtree lived in Mother Lode Motel, 2 mi. E on US 50, pool, Grass Valley. Pt. View exit, 21 air-cond. rms.. (916) NA 2-2397. (There are many You can still pan for gold and make state parks: Marshall Gold Discovery other good motels along Calif 49; see perhaps a dollar a day. The miners are State Park at Coloma has many original Mobil Travel Guide to California and the West under Amador City. gone but their towns with the false and some restored buildings, and the Auburn, Downieville, Grass Valley, fronts, the Wells Fargo Express stations, more elaborate Columbia Historic State Jackson, Nevada City, Placerville, Sonora). some of the mine shafts and many of the Park at Columbia is a living museum of reminders of that colorful era remain. the period. There are also four excellent Your appreciation and enjoyment of Some mines still operate. Old buildings museums at Jackson, Auburn, Nevada any historic place is greatly enhanced if have been restored; so have gold mining City and Placerville. you read about it first. The Gold Rush and refining devices including crude The "mother lode" is one of the most has been described in many excellent sluices, arastras, stamping presses and beautiful mountain recreational and va- books. See Anybody's Gold by Joseph cyanide mills. There are two excellent cation areas in the country. Yosemite Henry Jackson (1941).

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 17 PRO & CON OPPOSING VIEWS ON MAIL-ORDER GUNS BY

WILL TIGHTER CONTROL ON MAIL

YES

My bill, S. 1975, would fill this void by prohibiting Sen. Thomas J. Dodd (D-Conn.) interstate shipment of firearms to juveniles and persons with criminal records, by requiring that appli- During 1963, approximately address and absence of one million dangerous cants certify their proper age, record, and by providing that local police au- weapons were ordered through criminal thorities are to be notified of intended shipments of the mails and delivered by mail- weapons so that they may enforce local and state laws. order firms, via common car- My bill does not outlaw the mail-order gun business. riers. Thousands of these It will merely require the proper identification of pur- weapons were delivered to per- chasers. It does not require the licensing or registra- sons with criminal records. One tion of weapons. That is a local matter. It does not of them was used to murder the President of the place in the hands of police authorities any discretion United States. as to who should and who should not obtain weapons. Weapons available via mail order to juveniles, dope It merely gives the police information that will assist addicts, mentally deranged persons, and criminals them to carry out local and state laws. range in size and destructive power all the way from This legislation seeks to place reasonable controls small caliber pistols to field artillery pieces. on the interstate commerce in deadly weapons. It The large extent to which the criminal element par- does not pretend to solve the gun problem in the ticipates in this mail-order traffic has been determined United States. It will not make it impossible for un- from police records in a dozen metropolitan areas. desirable people to obtain guns. No law ever drawn The question before us as a nation, then, is whether is foolproof. But it is a solid step in the right direc- this interstate mail-order traffic in murderous weapons tion, and a long overdue step. should continue completely uncontrolled, or whether I urge any man who resents the bother of filling out reasonable controls should be instituted. an affidavit and dropping it in the mailbox to ask him- Almost every community has local ordinances gov- self one question: erning the sale of weapons. In Connecticut, for in- "Am I willing to stand a little inconvenience so that stance, a firearms dealer may not deliver a handgun I and my children and my neighbor's children will to any person except upon written application. Fur- have some protection from mail-order weapons wan- ther, no sale or delivery of any pistol or revolver shall tonly used by criminals and depraved persons?" be made upon the date of the filing or receipt of the The answer of every thoughtful American to that written application, and guns cannot be sold to persons question will be "yes." under 18 years of age. Yet we found one dealer alone who shipped 118 guns into Connecticut, many of them to juveniles and to persons with criminal records. This picture of violation of state laws and local ordinances by mail-order shippers is repeated in state after state, because there are no effective federal controls.

how you feel If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know

mail it to him. on this big issue, fill out the "ballot" on the facing page and

18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 SEN. THOMAS J. DODD (CONN.) AND REP. ROBERT L F. SIKES (FLA.)

ORDER FIREARMS REDUCE CRIME? NO

Rep. Robert L. F. Sikes (D-Fla.) by cutting or stabbing; by blunt objects. If it 1st District 24% follows that crime will be reduced or eliminated by tragic and The senseless as- doing away with the criminal's weapons, then, it is sassination of President Ken- reasonable to assume that knives, ice picks, rocks, nedy quite naturally resulted in hammers, baseball bats, etc., should be serialized and mounting demands for tighter registered. controls on mail-order firearms. I believe there should be legislation to make it more However deplorable was this difficult for criminals, mental incompetents, drug ad- crime, it scarcely follows that dicts, habitual drunkards, and juveniles to obtain fire- a crime by one man should arms, and which would severely penalize those persons cause 35 million gun owners to be persecuted. I perpetuating crime while armed. But the enactment seriously question that the proposed legislation would of general gun-control laws, mail-order or other, have prevented the purchase of a gun by Lee Oswald. would penalize primarily the responsible and law- There is already a federal law which requires any- abiding citizen who throughout our history has had one selling guns interstate, by mail and otherwise, the constitutional right to possess firearms for purposes to buy a federal firearms license. Every sale must of self-protection, security of the nation, hunting, and be recorded, and this record kept on hand for a period recognized sporting activities. of ten years. This record, available to any law en- The United States is facing a critical period in its forcement officer, contains a description of the gun, history. The years to come will decide the desperate including serial number, and the name and address of battle between communism and freedom. If we are the buyer. That this law is effective is demonstrated to win this struggle, we will need to preserve every by the fact that the information concerning the gun strength available to us, and that includes freedom purchased by Lee Oswald was announced in Dallas from unnecessary laws and restrictions. the day after the assassination. And the cost of this In World War 2, successful German pacification of law is borne by the people in business—not by the tax- occupied nations was in direct proportion to the ex- payer, as any new form of registration or control now istence of gun laws requiring registration of firearms. proposed would require. No greater bonus could be given to communist plans You cannot legislate against human inconsistencies. for the eventual take-over of the United States than A gun is an inanimate object, and by itself can harm a law requiring a ready-made listing of weapons for no one. A man who needs a gun to commit a crime confiscation. will get one by some method. Anyone who is convinced that anti-gun laws will reduce crime should note that New York has the toughest gun laws in America, and one of the highest crime rates. The Federal Bureau of Investigation in a recent study found that only 12.7% of aggravated assaults were by shooting; 44% of the offenses were committed

|—

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE I have read in The American Legion Magazine IN MY OPINION TIGHTER CONTROL OF MAIL-ORDER FIREARMS for September the arguments in PRO & CON: WILL WILL NOT REDUCE CRIME.

Will Tighter Control of Mail-Order Firearms SIGNED Reduce Crime? ADDRESS

TOWN STATE

I THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 19 FOOTBALL'S

TV's hungry eye has helped stretch the football season. Here, NBC-TV covers theSugarBowl, NewYear's Day, 1964, atNewOrleans.

By LEE GREENE termines the No. 3 team in the National amazing elongation of the football sea- Football League. son? Television didn't start it, but tele- Once upon a time the football sea- Naturally, the extension of seasons vision can take a bow for its extent. TV son ended on Thanksgiving Dav crowds the various sports one over the has transformed post-season football and a loyal, dedicated fan could other. (For instance, ABC televised the trom a sports curiosity, often financially sit back to wait for New Year's Day American Football League All-Star shaky, to a series of full-blown extrava- when he'd catch one. perhaps even two Game from San Diego, Calif., last Jan- ganzas, replete with parades, pageantry ol the bowl games on radio or early uary 19.) But for football promoters, and prancing drum majorettes. Today television. Traditionally, that finished this second season has come to mean an the major bowls have year-round staffs football for the season and Mr. Sports extra helping of fan revenues. For mil- who begin working on the next game Fan could turn to basketball and hockey lions of Americans who never sat in a even before the last one has been played. for his thrills. football stadium in their lives, football's Bowl games have become big business. Well, those days are long gone. Now, second season, capped by a plethora of This year the business starts on De-

the whole fall season is becoming a try- bowl games, is the only season. There cember 19 with the Liberty Bowl, being out for the real season. Football's best doesn't seem to be any other explanation played indoors in Convention Hall at days actually start when the turkey goes for the 65 million people who watched Atlantic City, N. J., the Bluebonnet under the carving knife. Thanksgiving one or more of the "Big Four" college Bowl at Houston, Tex., and possibly the Day marks the beginning of football's bowl games last New Year's Day, or the new Mayor's Bowl from New York City. second season—five more weeks of col- 45 million who tuned in the four top Christmas Day will see the North- lege and professional football at its "post- post-season pro games. South All-Star Game from Miami, and season best." On New Year's Day alone, Mr. Sports on December 26 the viewer can choose In those five weeks this fall and winter, Fan can watch ten hours of college bowl between the Sun Bowl from El Paso,

no less than 3 1 college and professional games. These culminate a 13-week sea- Tex., or the American Football League games are scheduled for national tele- son of approximately 4,000 contests be- Championship Game. Sunday, Decem- vision. And all of this action naturally ginning Labor Day weekend, of which ber 27, is the date for the National Foot- leads up to the piece de resistance—the perhaps 700 will be considered important ball League Championship Game, the bowl games. In a nine-day period begin- enough to be covered by the national biggest single attraction in professional ning with Christmas Day, a determined wire services. football and the focal point of some 15 viewer can absorb enough football to last In professional football, five "Bowl million TV sets. him well into 1965. If his eyes, nerves, Games" of the American and National On New Year's Day, the "Big Four" picture tube and seat hold up, he can Football Leagues will cap 154 games of come roaring out of the coaxial cable. watch six college bowl games, three all- the most bruising and exciting football And the bill of fare starts with the Sugar star games, two pro championship games played in America today. Bowl in New Orleans or the Cotton Bowl and the unique Playoff Bowl, which de- Who or what is responsible for this in Dallas. The main course is the biggest

20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • S EPTEMBER 1964 Second Season

The football season that used to end on Thanksgiving is be-

coming just an elimination contest for the big winter games.

plum of all, the Rose Bowl at Pasadena. lege all-star teams, from Mobile, Ala., That kind of money can tempt the Calif. For dessert, there is the Orange and Honolulu, Hawaii, respectively, plus most puritanical college president. Even Bowl at Miami, being played at night for the Pro Bowl on January 10 from Los the service academies aren't too proud to the first time in history. Angeles, featuring the NFL divisional pick up a hefty check, and the Naval On January 2, we'll have the Gator all-star teams. Academy was $203,688.90 richer after Bowl at Jacksonville, Fla., and the East- Dollar-wise, the colleges take a good losing to Texas in the Cotton Bowl. Texas West Shrine Bowl at San Francisco. On chunk out of the annual bowl pie. Last came away with considerably less after January 3, there's the NFL's Playoff year the four New Year's bowl games doling out portions to the other seven Bowl and AFL's All-Star Game. Thus, drew over 325,000 spectators into their members of the Southwest Conference in less than 72 hours there will be eight stadiums while more than 200 times that which runs the Cotton Bowl, the only one bowl games on television. number watched via TV. With the partic- sponsored by a conference. That's not all. The following weekend, ipating teams getting at least three-quar- The bowl game with the longest his-

on January 9, Mr. Sports Fan can see the ters of the gross profits, the eight colleges tory is the Rose Bowl. It began on New Senior Bowl and the Hula Bowl for col- involved earned about $1,500,000. Year's Day, 1902, when Fielding Yost

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 21 a

CONTINUED Alabama's 20-19 thriller over Washing- other cities are displaying plenty of gall, ton in 1926—the game that showed the and a singular lack of imagination, in nation that the South could play the game stealing Pasadena's 'Bowl' title, morally FOOTBALL'S as well as anybody. copyrighted, so to speak, by long custom One of the Rose Bowl classics was the and tradition." 1929 game between California and Moral copyright or no, the bowls were Second Georgia Tech. This was the game in springing up thick and fast. San Fran- which California center Roy Riegels cisco had gotten on the bandwagon in picked up a Georgia Tech fumble and 1925 with the first East-West Shrine Season started an electrifying run—toward his game. Technically not a bowl game, since

own goal. A teammate succeeded in it involves all-star teams, it nevertheless brought his famous "Point-a-Minute" grabbing his arm just as "Wrong Way" has been, for many years, an automatic Michigan team to Pasadena, and Wee Riegels was about to cross the California sellout at Kezar Stadium, which seats Willie Heston led the Wolverines to a goal. That little romp cost the Bears a 61,000 fans. Players from 155 different 49-0 romp over Stanford. The game drew 2-point safety on the next play and the colleges have taken part in the 39 games a gate of $4,000, exceeding the guaran- ball game, 8-7. played, with all receipts going to the tees to both schools. The football game By 1936. when 150,000 fans were Shrine Hospital for Crippled Children. was introduced as an added attraction to turned away from the game between Miami got into the act on February 2, the highly successful Tournament of Stanford and Southern Methodist, other 1 933. with a Palm Festival game between Roses Parade, as one of a series of events bowl games had appeared on the scene. the University of Miami and Manhattan that the parade promoters had tried. But The Sugar Bowl, Orange Bowl. Sun Bowl College. The Palm Festival, which would the pasting the team took left a sour taste and East-West game were among those become the Orange Bowl Festival two

AM- PHOTOS UPI

" :

Cotton, Orange and Rose Bowls. With the Sugar Bowl, these New Year's Day spectacles now have most of the nation as audience.

in the mouths of the California fans, and years later, was dreamed up as a De- the game was dropped for 14 years. pression-era promotional gimmick to get The introduction of the forward pass, tourists to come to Miami early. In those and its legalization in 1906, made college days nobody went South until the end of football a major spectator sport. Pasa- January. The football game was to be dena's Tournament of Roses Committee the concluding event of the Palm Fes- decided to try another game on New tival. It turned out to be something less Year's Day. 1916. Billed as the East- than a success both artistically and fi- West Game ("Rose Bowl" didn't come nancially when only 3,500 fans showed into the language until the present sta- up to watch Miami upset Manhattan. dium was built in 1922). it was played 7-0. in the mud wallow of old Tournament The American Legion played an indi- Park, with Washington State beating rect role in furthering the Orange Bowl Brown, 14-0. The game produced a net back in its infancy. After the 1934 Na- loss of $1 1.000. tional Convention in Miami, the bowl With the building of the present Rose committee was able to purchase 4,000 James R. "Bud' Jack, chairman of Bowl in 1922. a horseshoe-shaped grandstand seats that had been built for the NCAA Extra Events Committee, stadium that seated 53.000 spectators, the convention parade for $1,000— which rules on new college bowls. the game began to assume its present- bargain even by Depression prices—and day proportions. Over the years, four used them to hold most of the 5,134 who additions to the Rose Bowl stadium have struggling for national recognition. turned up for the 1935 game between raised its capacity to 100.963 fans. And Sports columnist Damon Runyon Miami and Bucknell. rarely is there an empty seat on New wasn't happy about it. "Only a Finger Today, the Orange Bowl holds 72,880

Year's Day. Bowl is lacking to give us enough football spectators, many of whom come to During the 1920's, a golden era of dishes to cover a sideboard this first day Miami for the two-week Orange Bowl college football, the Rose Bowl became of 1936," he wrote from Pasadena. Festival, which also includes the pro the Holy Grail of the gridiron. There "There is enough larceny of ideas in this Playoff Bowl. were the Four Horsemen of Notre Dame world as it is, without our municipalities The Sugar Bowl game was conceived beating Stanford in 1925, followed by joining in the theft. We hold that the as early as 1927 by Col. James H. Thorn-

22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SE PTEMBER 1964 Big Four to get underway, although a up). Yam Bowl at Dallas, Tex., Raisin New Year's Day game had been played Bowl at Fresno, Calif., Alamo Bowl at in Texas as early as 1922, when Texas San Antonio. Tex., and Flower Bowl at A & M beat Centre, the conqueror of Jacksonville, Fla., to name just a few mighty Harvard. of the departed. J. Curtis Sanford, a Dallas oil man, In 1950, the National Collegiate Ath- got the idea of a Cotton Bowl game for letic Association (N.C.A.A.) made its his home town after seeing one of the first move to limit the mushrooming Rose Bowl games. Supplying his own bowl games. Up to that time, some bowls funds, he put on the first game on New were spending as much as a third of the Year's Day of 1937, with Texas Chris- gross revenue on promotion and public- tian beating Marquette, 16-6. Less than ity, while dividing as little as 40% be- half of the 45.500 seats in the Texas State tween the colleges. A plan to force bowl Fair Stadium were filled for the game, promoters to turn over 80% of the gross, and after giving each school its guaran- and a third of the tickets, to the compet- teed $10,000, Sanford was $8,000 in the ing teams failed to pass that year, but in red. 1951 a by-law was passed requiring the Today, the Cotton Bowl, with a seating bowls to turn over not less than 75% of

capacity of 75,504, is ranked second only the gross, including receipts from radio, to the Rose Bowl as a television sports television, movies and concessions, to the attraction. And only the World Series colleges. That spelled the doom of some has outdrawn these two bowls in the list- of the marginal operations, and the

ing of the most popular televised sports N.C.A.A. reduced the number still events for the past two years. further in 1952 by requiring its members College football broke out into a rash to play only in bowl games certified by of bowls immediately after WW2. There its Extra Events Committee. were no less than 36 bowl games played The bowl promoters were lucky at in 1946 including the New Year's Day that, since a special committee of col- games of 1947. lege presidents, appointed by the Ameri- Crowds ranged from the 800 people can Council on Education, strongly rec- who watched Pepperdine beat Nebraska ommended complete abolishment of all Wesleyan in the Will Rogers Bowl at bowl games—along with athletic schol- Oklahoma City, to the 90,000 who wit- arships and spring football practice—at nessed the ritual slaughter of U.C.L.A. the 1952 N.C.A.A. convention. While at the hands of Illinois in the Rose Bowl. coaches screamed and athletic directors November saw the Hoosier Bowl at took tranquilizers, the N.C.A.A. ordered Evansville, Ind., the Burley Bowl at its members not to commit themselves Johnson City, Tenn., and the Pear Bowl to bowl games beyond the 1952 season, at Ashland, Ore. Then came the Glass pending a study. With the college presi-

Bowl spectators expect lots of pomp, pageantry Bowl at Toledo, Ohio. Optimist Bowl at dents still opposed, the N.C.A.A. voted and pretty baton-twirling majorettes like this. Houston, Tex. (5,000 optimists showed (Continued on page 50)

TOJJRNAMENT OF ROSES

First Rose Bowl game, Jan. 1, 1902, saw Michigan son, publisher of the New Orleans Item. beat Stanford, 49-0. Rare photo (above) shows Pushed by Item sports editor Fred the action and part of the crowd. Artist's ver- Digby, who was instrumental in forming sion for the Los Angeles Times is shown below. the New Orleans Mid-Winter Sports As- sociation in 1934, the game matched Tu-

lane against Temple on January 1, 1935, with the former winning 20-14.

The Sugar Bowl came by its name fairly, since the Tulane Stadium was once the site of a sugar plantation. There were 22,026 spectators on hand for the first game, and each school received $27,800. Today the Sugar Bowl has a capacity of 82,910 and pays participating colleges six times what Tulane and Tem- ple made. The Cotton Bowl was the last of the FORMING UP FOR ONE OF MICHIGAN'S ATTACKS THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 23 this same boot in lighter weight for hunters, guaranteed to keep your feet warm at 20° below zero or your money back. In hunter- ROD ^GUN green at $16.95 per pair through your local CLUB sporting goods dealer.

DOUGHBALLS are favorite carp and shiner baits, but the difficulty is keeping the soft dough on the hook. Walter Voigt Hunting Rail Birds of Marshalltown, Iowa, has a recipe that solves this problem. He makes dough dump- lings. He drops the doughballs in boiling water and when they rise to the surface of you've never hunted rail birds, you've loaded with No. 11 shot, although skeet If the water he takes them out and dries been missing good sport. They're numer- shells with No. 9 shot will do when the them on a paper towel. claims they'll stay ous, can be found in every state and are smaller pellets aren't available. Because of He on a hook 16 hours! half-hour easy to shoot when flushed. They're deli- the large number of rail birds, and the ne- A would be enough, or just long enough to catch fish. cious eating, too. Moreover, you can hunt cessity for aiming fast and accurately, and a them right now because in most states their the use of low-powered shells and light- THE NO. 1 of all firearms is rust open shooting season starts in September. weight guns, this sport is recommended for ENEMY and its accomplice is moisture. your And bag limits are high. Your local warden training young shooters and novices. When rifle or shotgun has been out in the rain, it's will have the exact dates and numbers. If easy to dry off the outside and the with you live near one of the flyway routes used SUMMERTIME, when water levels are low bore a cloth, but the action must stay wet unless by migrating ducks and geese (rail are also and ground is dry, is a good time to build you dissemble it. Humphrey has an migratory waterfowl), you may find them a hunting blind. But many hunters are nei- Tom easier way. When he arrives with a in marshes containing oats, rice or other ther builders nor wealthy, so two hunter- home wet gun he borrows his wife's hair drier and wild grain. Incidentally, railbirds are still designers have come up with plans for an directs the warm air through the action to under Federal control even though the $3 inexpensive all-around hunting blind suita- evaporate the moisture. Duck Stamp is no longer required. Your ble for use in every part of the country. It State hunting will license do. WHEN BUSHES Rail shooting isn't nationally popular. ALONG A STREAM prevent you from casting a fly to a fishy- One reason is that many hunters aren't looking stretch of water, try the trick sug- aware it exists because normally the birds gested by Paul Cella of Framingham, Mass. are inactive during daylight and are seldom He walks upstream, then lays his fly on a seen. Another is their size. The most com- dry leaf and lets it float downstream with mon rail, the sora, is about the size of a the current. When it has drifted over the robin. Even the largest, the salt-water clap- desired spot, he twitches the fly off the leaf per rail, looks like an undernourished and gets ready for action. pigeon. They inspired the expression, "as thin as a rail." A third reason is the special CHUCKS SMART, but they can be technique needed to stalk and flush them. ARE fooled. Here's one way: when a chuck The rail is primarily a runner; it dislikes scampers for its den don't shoot! Let it stay to fly except when migrating. But the hunter downstairs a few minutes, then hide out of must make it fly in order to shoot it. To do sight and give it a few toots on a super- so he must pole a boat through the shallow sonic dog whistle. Usually it will pop up marsh, and this can be hard work. Usually from one of its holes to investigate the call, one man shoots while the other poles, then holds two men and a dog, is easy to erect and it will be an easy, standing target. These they alternate. or take down, is adjustable for height ac- whistles can be bought in pet shops. A good rail boat, or push boat, should be cording to water level, has a dog "lookout" shallow draft, narrow in beam and about 16 port, a rear-view lookout, an adjustable PORCUPINE in Colonial days was feet long, The boatman, or pusher, stands boarding ramp, camouflage straps to secure THE called "the woodsman's friend" because barefooted on a rubber mat on the stern willows and reeds, and the sidewalls and when a settler had no food it was the only seat; the shooter sits on a high stool amid- floor can be detached and stored at end of woods animal he could outrun and kill with- ships. The best hunting is when the water season. Plans and materials list are available out a weapon. But today the porky is an ene- rises slightly to cover the marsh. This water for $5.00 from Home Building Plan Serv- my, warns Danny Carpenter of Copperhill, discourages the rail from running when ice, Dept. H-3, 2454 N.E. Sandy Blvd., Port- Tenn., because it will chew anything that alarmed and makes them fly. With a long land, Ore., 97232. tastes salty. Never leave your ax or fishing pole, the pusher drives the boat wildly rod standing outside overnight. By morning through the wild oats and rice, rocking it WEEDLESS HOOKS are necessary for their handles may be gone because they to keep it from sticking in the mud. Since fishing among weeds but the majority of have absorbed the salty perspiration from he is standing, he sees the rising birds first lures aren't equipped with them, and this your hands. Porkies won't touch a gunstock; and alerts the hunter by calling, "mark left," probably includes your favorite fish-catcher. its oil discourages them. or "mark right," etc. The rail's flight is David LaMonda of Bedminster, N.J., has straight and short and the shooter must fire discovered a way to make any hook weed- CATFISH CAN BE CAUGHT on many quickly. When a bird is dropped, the pusher less, even a treble on a plug. In his tackle baits, the most being the ordinary keeps poling and the shooter tosses out a he carries a short roll of thin plastic wrap common garden hackle (worms, to the uninitiated), brightly colored buoy to mark the spot, then and when weeds give him trouble he tears but here's a new one suggested by David gets ready for the next shot. The markers off a small piece of wrap and shapes it into Green of Wheelersburg, Ohio. He cuts up a and birds are collected after the first shoot, a kind of umbrella to cover the hooks. The frankfurter and uses small pieces of it on with or without the help of a long-legged weeds slide over it but the hook points pene- a hook, and he swears it's one of the best. retrieving dog. trate it easily when a fish strikes. It might take other fish, too! There are six common rail species in the U.S., differing in color but all in general IN THE KOREAN WAR, 50% of all U.S. If you have a helpful idea for this feature having blue-gray sides, olive-brown backs casualties were frostbite; 75% of these in- send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you and white breasts. Bills and legs are long, volved feet. And so Salvatore Gianola in- $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- vented the "Thermboot" and for it was the latter hanging down limply in flight. turn, or enter into correspondence concern- The sora, however, has a short bill. The awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, preferred shotgun is a 20-gauge with cylin- Now frostbite is a court-martial offense. The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth der-bored barrels, used with light shells Recently the Bristol Mfg. Co. has offered Ave., New York, N. Y. 10019.

24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • S EPTEMBER 1964 ...... , .

A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH VETERANS NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU SEPTEMBER 1964 SENATE PASSES VETS* HOUSE COMMITTEE REPORTS OUT NURSING CARE BILL: AMENDED LEGION PENSION REFORM: One of the most important veterans' The House Veterans Affairs Committee on bills since the two GI Bills was reported Aug. 5 favorably reported out to the House favorably to the Senate by its full of Representatives an amended form of the

Committee on Labor and Public Welfare on Legion's pension reform bill , HR1927

July 28 and speedily adopted by the full . „ . As reported out, the bill would

Senate on August 4 . . . This is the increase the pension payment of veterans Nursing Care Bill, which originated in and widows in the lowest income bracket the House Veterans Affairs Committee and elevate the two lower brackets to as HR8009 . . . The bill provides for permit higher "other income." . , . The no less than 4, 000 nursing care beds in nothing-to-$600 bracket for single vets the Veterans Administration, over and would go to $800, and the pension payable above the present limit of 125,000 VA would go from $85 to $90 a month . . . The hospital beds for medical care ... In next bracket would go from a $1200 income addition it would authorize federal ceiling to a $1300 ceiling, with no in- assistance to states which provide nursing crease in payment . . . Bottom bracket for care beds for veterans . . . While the a vet with one dependent would go from Legion places great emphasis on other $1000 to $1200, with payment raised from legislation which would affect more $90 to $100 . . . The second bracket would veterans (such as its pension-reform go from a $2000 ceiling to a $2200 ceiling, bill, HR1927), the Nursing Care Bill is with no pay increase. of vital importance because of the extreme The bill would also permit VA pensioners need of its potential beneficiaries to report as other income o nly 90% ... As a group they are bedridden, yet of Social Security benefits or any other medical care cannot restore them to public or private retirement pay . . . The health— either because of age or chronic "spouse's income" provision of the present illness . . . The late President Kennedy law would also be liberalized . . . Action had authorized 2,000 VA beds for came too close to "Newsletter's" dead- nursing care shortly before HR8009, line to include more details here. which also called for 2,000 such beds, came out of the House Veterans Affairs WHAT STATES HAVE Committee ... It then became a matter of SOLDIERS HOMES? contention with the Budget Bureau The latest compilation shows state whether (a) the 2,000 were the same beds soldiers homes in: in each case, and (b) whether they California (Veterans Home P.O., Napa would be taken out of the VA's 125,000 County) medical care beds . . . The House Veterans Colorado (Monte Vista Golden Age Center,

Committee insisted that it expected a Homelake ) total of 4,000 beds (Kennedy's 2,000 Connecticut (Veterans Home and Hospital, plus 2,000 more in HR8009), all in excess Rocky Hill) of the VA medical beds . . . The form Georgia (Georgia State War Veterans of the bill as it passed the Senate Home , Milledgeville ) spells out the full 4,000 in excess of Idaho (Idaho State Veterans Home, P.O. the hospital bed limit . . . The Budget Box 5066, Boise) Bureau had also opposed the additional Illinois (Illinois Soldiers and Sailors aid to states which provide more veterans' Home, Quincy). nursing care, but the bill as adopted Indiana (Indiana State Soldiers Home, in the Senate retains that feature . . . Lafayette ) At the time that it originated HR8009, Iowa (Iowa Soldiers Home, Marshalltown) the House Veterans Affairs Committee, Kansas (Kansas Soldiers Home, Fort under Chairman Olin E. Teague (Tex.), Dodge ) endorsed it in the strongest possible Massachusetts (Soldiers Home in Massa- language. chusetts, Cherry St., Holyoke ; and

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 25 . . . , . . . another, with same name, at 91 Crest requirement of many soldiers homes . . . Ave. , Chelsea 50) Some have hospital care, some do not Mich igan (Veterans Facility of Michigan, . . . Where a state has more than one 3000 Monroe, NW, Grand Rapids 49505). home, their purposes may differ . . . Write Minnesota (Minnesota Soldiers Home, to home in each case to determine these Minnehaha Ave. & E. 51st St. Minneapolis and other details . . . States not named 55417) are listed by The American Legion Re- Missouri (State Federal Soldiers Home, habilitation Commission as having no St. James). soldiers home. M ontana (Montana Soldiers Home, Columbia Falls) ARE VETS' BENEFITS ATTACHABLE? Nebras ka (Nebraska Soldiers and Sailors Home, Grand Island). If a veteran who is getting VA compensation or pension goes into bankruptcy, New Hampshire ( New Hampshire Soldiers Home, Winter St., Tilton). are his VA benefits attachable? New Jersey (New Jersey Memorial Home A. No. With respect to VA benefits the for Disabled Soldiers, Menlo Park; and New law (Sec. 3101 A, Title 38USC) says they Jersey Memorial Home for Disabled "shall be exempt from the claim of Soldiers, Sailors, Marines and Their Wives creditors, and shall not be liable to and Widows, Vineland). attachment, levy, seizure by or under any New York (New York State Women's Relief legal or equitable process whatever, Corps Home, Oxford. It takes male either before or after receipt of the veterans in spite of the name). beneficiary." Question arises—after a North Dak ota (North Dakota State VA check is cashed, has the cash lost its Soldiers Home, Lisbon). identity and become seizable? In two Ohio (Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home, court cases it was held that pension money Sandusky) did not lose its identity by being de- O klahoma (Oklahoma State War Veterans posited, invested, loaned or commingled

Home Facility, P.O. Box 489, Ardmore ; and with non-exempt funds of pensioners. two more with same name, at P.O. Box 200, Sulphur and at P.O. Box 151, Norman). INJURY WHILE TRAVELING Pennsylvania (Pennsylvania Soldiers TO WEEK-END RESERVE TRAINING: and Sailors Home, Erie). Rhode Island (Rhode Island Veterans If a reservist is traveling to weekend drill on inactive duty status and is Home, 1 Washington Ave . , Providence). South Dakota (South Dakota State Soldiers injured in travel, is the injury service- Home, Hot Springs). connected, and can he collect from the VA for Vermont (The Soldiers Home in Vermont, emergency treatment received on the Bennington) spot, though it hasn't been authorized? Washington (Washington Veterans Home, A^ Although he's not on active duty, since

Retsil ; also State Soldiers Home and 1956 the law has provided that injuries Colony, Orting). incurred while serving in training on an West Virg inia (Weston State Hospital, inactive duty status, or while trav- Weston) eling directly to or from it shall be Wisconsin (Grand Army Home for Veterans, deemed to have been incurred in active King) duty for VA benefit purposes, hence the Wyoming (Wyoming Soldiers and Sailors inactive duty status is no bar to service- Home, Route 1, Buffalo). connection. And the VA General Counsel recently ruled that where service-connec- We have omitted homes for women or tion is granted on this "portal-to-portal" children only . . . Georgia has one for basis the VA should assume unauthorized Confederate widows, Indiana one for medical expenses incurred on an emergency veterans children only . . . Conditions basis before adjudication of the case, for admission, and whether or not wives, even though compensation is not payable widows and children are admissable vary before the date that the veteran applies widely . . . Some have long waiting lists, for it . . . This opinion, being based others no waiting . . . Most require in part on Public Law 87-583 of Aug. 14, applicant to be disabled or in need or 1962, applies to unauthorized medical unable to earn livelihood . . . Ability services in such circumstances rendered to perform minimum self-care is a common since Aug. 14, 1962.

26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1964 O F T H E AMERICAN LEGION NEWS VETERANS AFFAIRS AND SEPTEMBER 1964 Jeff Bauer Elected President of The Legion's Boys' Nation

Boulder, Colo., youth wins top post by 53-45 vote;

Tim Battaglia of III., is V. P.; busy week for boys.

The 98 Senators of the 1964 American Boulder Post 10, is an Eagle Scout, and Legion Boys' Nation, representative of also won an American Legion School 34,000 Boys' State delegates across the Award. land, elected Jeffrey C. Bauer, 17, of At Colorado Boys' State, he was Boulder, Colo., as their President on July Mayor, County Commissioner, Precinct 21, in Washington, D.C. Committeeman, and Chairman of the The 19th Annual Boys' Nation, a teen- Nationalist Party. age government study symposium, spon- Vice President Battaglia, son of Mr. sored by the Legion's National Ameri- and Mrs. Otis Battaglia, is a senior at canism Commission, convened July Belleville Althoff Catholic High School,

17-24 at nearby University of Maryland. held various offices in school, is athleti-

Bauer, a tall, rangy, crewcut blond cally inclined, and belongs to the Letter- youth, running as a "Federalist," won man's Club. the top office by a vote of 53-45 over Tim was sponsored by George E. Hil- John E. Nix, 18, the "Nationalist" can- gard American Legion Post 58, was didate, from Sylacauga, Ala. elected Governor of Premier Boys' State,

The "Nationalist" candidate for Vice and received its Outstanding Citizenship President, Timothy J. Battaglia, 17, of Award.

Belleville, 111., defeated "Federalist" Pat To expedite matters, upon arrival at Parmer, 16, of Quincy, Fla. by a vote of Boys' Nation, the 98 "senators" (two 64-34 as the Boys' Nation delegation split representing each state except Alaska the ticket. and Hawaii, plus two from the District President Bauer, son of Dr. and Mrs. of Columbia) were arbitrarily separated W. C. Bauer of Boulder, Colo., is a into two equal political parties, the "Fed- "Senators" pause at Iwo Jima Statue. straight-A student, loves golf and other eralists," and the "Nationalists." From sports, and is starting his senior year at that point on, with rare interference from ate Bill 1555, that proposes Federal con- Boulder's Fairview High School. their American Legion Boys' Nation tribution to the cost of Federal election He was Student Body President, Junior counselors, the boys elected convention campaigns; and H.R. 4986, a bill to pro- Class President, Vice President of the and party chairmen, ran a "national" vide for the establishment of a National Band, and belongs to the International election, and operated their own "na- Science Academy. Relations Club, the National Forensic tional" government. The delegates, when not in session, vis- League, and the Science Club. They also discussed and voted on two ited Arlington National Cemetery, the Bauer, sponsored by American Legion bills now pending before Congress: Sen- Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, the John

IIRyinin

1964 Boys' Nation group at the Capitol, and President Jeff Bauer (blond youth facing camera), accepts plaudits from backers.

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 27 NEWS

Boys' Nation delegates caucus during party nominating conventions. Vice President Tim Battaglia (right) makes acceptance speech.

F. Kennedy grave, the Marine Me- from their home states when they visited David B. Marth. the American Legion morial, the Supreme Court, the Library the Capitol. National Oratorical Champion for 1964, of Congress, the Pentagon, the Smithson- Lt. Gen. Lewis B. Hershey. director was also a delegate to this Boys' Nation. ian Institution, the White House, the Na- of Selective Service, addressed the grad- He had been Governor of Wisconsin tional Geographic Building, the F.B.I.. uation exercises on the final day. Boys' State. Marth delivered addresses to the Civil Service Commission, and the Earlier in the week both Nat'l Cmdr both the Republican and Democratic Na- State Department where Secretary of Daniel F. Foley and Nat'l Americanism tional Conventions, appearing on nation- State Dean Rusk spoke to the boys. Chmn Daniel J. O'Connor addressed the wide television. Many of the youthful delegates also boys at Washington Legion Headquar- President Bauer's Cabinet appoint- met and had lunch with the Senators ters. ments for the 1964 American Legion The Boys' Nation "Senators"

ALABAMA: John E. Nix, Sylacaugu; Julian Kent N. Hasselbalch, St. Edward; Roger A. Warwick Walthall, Newbern. ARIZONA: Stark, Lincoln. NEVADA: Michael O. Mc- Kirt S. Ijams, Tucson; James R. Wright, Cune, Las Vegas; Kent W. Boam, Tucson. Phoenix. ARKANSAS: George A. Newtown, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Stephen A. Smith, Fayetteville; William L. Bush, Lincoln. Manchester; John C. Lamson, Portsmouth. CALIFORNIA: Jose C. Colon, Jr., Orange; NEW JERSEY: Thomas H. Dilts, Three Mark. M. Herron, Manhattan Beach. COLO- Bridges; David St. C. Goble, Livingstone. RADO: William M. Rhodes, Denver; Jeffrey NEW MEXICO: John A. Bannerman, C. Bauer, Boulder. CONNECTICUT: Sean Grants; James D. Romero, Santa Fe. NEW Duerr, Mystic; Bruce A. Jackson, Bridgeport. YORK: Thomas R. Roberts, Scarsdale; DELAWARE: Bruce R. DeBolt, Dover; Gary Douglas C. Magee, Rome. NORTH CARO- Lloyd, Wilmington. W. DISTRICT OF CO- LINA: Charles P. Farris, Jr., Wilson; Edward LUMBIA: Robert E. Koczela, Robert F. L. Embree III, Durham. NORTH DA- Shea, Bethesda, Md. FLORIDA: Richard KOTA: Paul R. Hannah, Grand Forks; Ott, Fort Lauderdale; Pat Parmer, Qiiincy. Lynn A. Hartje, Cavalier. OHIO: Kenneth GEORGIA: Matthew D. Carson, Monroe; C. Moore, Youngstown; Daniel G. Sayers. Campbell, Columbus. Bobby J. IDAHO: Columbus. OKLAHOMA: Stephen H. Kap- Ben Yamagata, Blackfoot; Kelly L. Jackson, lan, Tulsa; David E. Johnson, Enid. ORE- Jerome. ILLINOIS: Timothy Battaglia, GON: Stephen T. Janik, Portland; James F. Belleville; William L. PellUm, Champaign. Azumano, Portland. PENNSYLVANIA: Vin- INDIANA: Blair Y. Stephenson, Salem; cent C. Corica, Johnstown; Joseph Ragan, David Long, Indianapolis. IOWA: J. Philadelphia. RHODE ISLAND: Richard Michael S. McCauley, Dubuque; James B. W. Lindsay, Middletown; Louis Duesing, Waterbury, Waterloo. KANSAS: Thomas E. J. Jr., Warwick. SOUTH CAROLINA: Marion Mitchell, Augusta; Stephen J. Ridgway, Dantzler, Jr., Elloree; David Meadow, Lawrence. KENTUCKY: Gregory L. Han- J. J. Aiken. SOUTH DAKOTA: Keith E. Good- cock, Lexington; William C. Allen, Jr., win, Ashton; David R. Kline, Sturgis. TEN- Marion. LOUISIANA: Patrick Briney, J. NESSEE: Harold D. Brewington. Hender- Boys' Nation delegates go to church Alexandria; Paul M. Hebert, Baton Rouge. sonville; Ronald T. Clemmons, Lebanon. (above) and (below) help sergeant place MAINE: John O'Leary, Jr., Portland; J. TEXAS: Robert W. Shepard, Harlingen; Joe Cary I. Sneider, a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknowns. Biddeford. MARYLAND: Dennis R. Haydon, Wheaton; Charles Kid- B. Kinsel, Beaumont. UTAH: Steven T. J. Densley, Sandy; Stephen W. Brinton, Mur- well, Catonsville. MASSACHUSETTS - Roger W. Heinig, Fitchburg; Donald C. Cross, ray. VERMONT: Lawrence H. Minogue, West Bridgewater. MICHIGAN: George A. Rutland; Lawrence B. Morse, Center Rut- McKay, Livonia; Dwight H. Romag- land. VIRGINIA: Kerry G. Gillispie, Pearis- noli, Quinnesec. MINNESOTA: Robert burg; David Lee Spaulding, Annandale. E. Cole, Bloomington; James N. Lucas, WASHINGTON: Gregory B. Welch, Belle- Minneapolis. MISSISSIPPI: William O. vue; Richard W. Brender, Seattle. WEST Lowery, Hattiesburg; Richard P. Salloum, VIRGINIA: Loren J. Fox, Jr., Oak Hill; Lee Gulfport. MISSOURI: Joseph W. Corneli- D. Cutrone, Jr., Fairmont. WISCONSIN: Boehlke, son, Maryville; Robert L. Webb, Goodman. David J. Eau Claire; David B. MONTANA: William P. Collins, Hamilton; Marth, Wausau. WYOMING: David L. Gu- David E. Wells, Great Falls. NEBRASKA: tierrez, Reliance; John R. Howe, Laramie. 1964 Legion Home Study Course Teaches Leadership, Programs, Operations

Registration for the 1 9th term of The Auxiliares to join Extension Institute

American Legion Extension Institute, a since it began in 1947. mail-order course in American Legion Not only will the course help the dedi-

operations and leadership, is now open. cated Legionnaire in Legion affairs, it Deadline for prospective students in the will serve as a model for the conduct of non-Legion activities. home study course is November 1 . The you take this complete course, coupon on page 30 is provided for those Once you will come to know and understand wishing to enroll. The American Legion its history, its Nearly half a century of continuous, — structure, its programs, its achievements dedicated endeavors for the betterment and its hopes. of community, state, and the nation have Here's what some students have said built The American Legion into the great upon completing it: and meaningful organization it is today. Boys' Nation are: Secretary of State, "I have derived great benefit from this And that's what this course is all David J. Long; Secretary of Treasury, course. I thought that 1 8 years of active about. It is designed to teach future Denny Brewington; Secretary of De- Legion service had taught me all about leaders of the Legion and there's al- fense, David B. Marth; Secretary of — our beloved organization. The Extension need for leadership all there Army, Joseph Ragan; Secretary of Navy, ways good — Institute course has effectively cured this is about the programs and serv- James Lucas; Secretary of Air Force, to know mental atrophy of mine. I only hope I ices of the Legion, both for the veteran Robert F. Shea; Attorney General, Mark can apply my greater knowledge of Le- Herron; Postmaster General, Gary W. and the nation at large. gion work to furthering the programs Lloyd; Secretary of Interior, James D. Anyone wanting to climb the Legion and activities which are the heart of the Romero; Secretary of Agriculture, Wil- ladder to assume more responsibility will greatness of The American Legion." liam Allen, Jr.; Secretary of Commerce, find it indispensable. That was William R. Schnug of Hilliard, John R. Howe; Secretary of Labor, John The continuing need for top leader- Ohio, talking. He'd just finished the 18th E. Nix; and Secretary of Health, Educa- ship and the desire to be a part of it has term. tion & Welfare, William M. Rhodes. led almost 60.000 Legionnaires and Auxiliare Barbara Williamson of THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 29 NEWS

Upon successful completion of the course you will receive a Certificate of Graduation and a patch for your Legion cap. Auxiliares will receive a very attractive mortarboard pin and chain to be worn with the Auxiliary pin.

Cost of the course is $6 each for one to four persons; $4 each for five to nine persons, and for ten or more, $3 each.

More Convention News The following events will take place during the 46th Annual National Con- vention of The American Legion in Dal- las, Texas, Sept. 18-24. • The 1964 Fourth Estate Awards of The American Legion will be presented Here's what you get when you send for your Legion Extension Institute Course. to The Chicago Tribune and to the Mis- sissippi Publishers Corp., on Sept. 23. Walter Trohan, chief Hollis, Okla.. declares. "Especially is Here's what you get in the six monthly of the Washing- ton your section on Americanism good. It lessons: Bureau of the Chicago Tribune Press Service, will accept the award for the makes me proud! Your section on Legis- 1 . History and Organization of The Tribune. lation is as good as any course in gov- American Legion. The Mississippi Publishers Corp., will ernment which I've taken." 2. Internal Affairs and Service Divi- represented R. Ir., And from Earl A. Graske of Bay Vil- sions. be by M. Hederman, lage. Ohio. "The American Legion Ex- and T. M. Hederman, Ir. 3. The Americanism and Foreign Re- • tension Institute Course is excellent . . . Captain Edward V. (Eddie) Ricken- lations Programs. After one takes this course he realizes backer, WW1 flying ace, and retired air- 4. The Rehabilitation Program. what a great organization The American line executive, will be an honored guest 5. The Legislative and Economic Pro- Legion really is and what it stands for." and the principal speaker at The Ameri- Contents of the more than 500-page grams. can Legion Founders Society dinner on course of study consists of two basic 6. The National Security and Child Sept. 19. He will also be inaugurated as units on the internal organization of the Welfare Programs. Honorary President of the Founders, a Legion and four units on its programs Legionnaires, Auxiliares and Sons of post only previously held by two others, and objectives. The Legion members 17 years of age or Gen. John J. (Blackjack) Pershing, and Students will not be required to sub- older may sign up individually, or posts, Gen. Douglas MacArthur. mit monthly tests to Nat'l Hq. They may units and squadrons may enroll several • The annual luncheon and meeting of grade themselves at the end of each of their members and form study groups the national association of Former and monthly lesson. The final examination or seminars to learn together. Present National Vice-Commanders will be mailed to all students to be com- Use the coupon below to enroll. Re- (The Vice Squad), will be held Sept. 22. pleted and returned to Natl Hq. member, you've only got until Nov. 1. All present and former vice commanders are automatically members of the Squad and are invited to attend. ENROLLMENT FORM AMERICAN LEGION EXTENSION INSTITUTE BRIEFLY NOTED ( Use this coupon and add extra names and addresses, if any, on another A new 150-bed children's hospital, en- sheet.) visioned as one of the finest in the South, To The Faculty will be constructed at St. Petersburg, American Legion Extension Institute Fla., as the new version of the existing PO Box 1055, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 American Legion Hospital for Crippled hospital Here's our draft for $ Enroll those listed herewith in the 18th Children. The scope of the new American Legion Extension Institute home study course, and send each the will be that of a nonprofit charitable first assignment and lesson. organization for all sick children, rather being limited to the crippled. Post Total students with this order than 8, Winter Haven, has contributed $1,250

Name (last first) this year and $1,000 in 1963 to the hospital fund. Among other gifts was a Street Address check for $300 from Post 26, Plant City, and one for the same amount from that City & State post's Auxiliary.

Card # Post or Unit # The Dep't of Virginia dedicated a new (This coupon accommodates an order for one fully. For more, use it and $75,000 Hq building, recently. Former add additional names on a separate sheet, giving the above info for each). State Senator John J. Wicker, Jr., presi- COST—One to four—$6 each—Five to nine—$4 each—Ten or more—$3 dent of the Society of American Legion each. Price, payable to "The American Legion," based on all sent in one order. Founders, gave the principal address.

30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 NEWS

Tom Jones, who hurled two no-hit games included Dr. William Kintner of the Jerry Storm, 20-year-old graduate of (including one perfect game) for the Univ. of Pennsylvania, Dr. Anthony T. American Legion baseball, is making a Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz., American Legion Bouscaren of Le Moyne College in Syra- comeback at the Univ. of Cincinnati. He baseball team this season, has been cuse, and The Hon. Edwin Willis, Chair- was a member of the Post 554, Cincin- signed by the San Francisco Giants and man of the House Committee on Un- nati, Ohio, team which was runner-up assigned to their Twin Falls, Idaho, team American Activities. to the 1961 Legion champion team, of the Class A Pioneer League. In gen- Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. Jerry, batting .464 eral, the American Legion Baseball Harold Lanier, former pitcher, second at the latest count (he was hitting .591 rules say, "No player on an American baseman, and shortstop for the Post 273, earlier), came back this season after two Legion Baseball team shall be signed to Madeira Beach, Fla., Legion baseball years away from baseball while suffering a professional baseball contract .... team, is now a second baseman for the from aplastic anemia, a blood disease until the player ceases to be eligible for San Francisco Giants. He is the son of that has required 58 blood transfusions ." American Legion competition. . . former lefthanded pitcher Max Lanier, since December 1961. George Rulon, Nat'l Director of Legion who played for the St. Louis Cardinals Three of Storm's 1961 Legion team- Baseball, explained the circumstances of and the New York Giants. mates are also Buckeye State collegiate this signing: "Seventeen-year-old high ballplayers. Jim Gruber, Legion Player school graduates who observe their 17th Teams from 50 high schools in North of the Year in 1961, and John Nebel are birthday before January 1 of the cur- and South Dakota and Minnesota com- at Xavier Univ. Chuck Brickman plays rent year may be signed to professional peted in the 7th Sisseton American Le- for Ohio State Univ. contracts between the time they gradu- gion Relays. Six high school and three ate and midnight of June 30, even though junior high school meet records were American Legion posts in six flood- they are playing American Legion Base- broken. stricken Montana communities were ball. Jones signed a few hours before the given $ 1 ,500 to aid the children of flood deadline. Had he waited another day, Colors of Greater Cleveland, Ohio, Le- victim families. A total of $500 each he would have been unavailable to the gion posts wave gaily in this photo of was contributed by the Dep't of Mon- 1." pro baseball scouts until Sept. the dedication of a new $30,000 health tana, the Auxiliary's rehabilitation com- center, their gift to the Society for Crip- mittee, and a joint child welfare coordi- A suggested talk on "The Aims and Pur- nating committee. To contribute to the poses of The American Legion" is now flood relief fund, make out check to The available to Legion speakers. Write to American Legion of Montana; address: The American Legion, Nat'l Public Re- Veterans & Pioneers Memorial Bldg., lations Div., P.O. Box 1055, Indian- Helena, Mont. 59601. apolis, Ind. 46206. In response to requests for an "all purpose" speech, the Contributions to the American Legion Public Relations Div. has revised and Hospital i\ssoc. of Minnesota by that De- updated the speech formerly designated partment's posts and units this year total as "The King-Sized Legion." Legion pled Children's rehab center, Camp nearly $9,000. In its lifetime of 42 years, speakers using the manuscript before Cheerful. The Ohio 13th District gave the Association has spent $922,410 on non-Legion audiences should secure hospital, drug, and hotel bills and nursing $ 1 3 ,000 and thousands of hours of labor. copies of the brochure, "The Amazing Friendly firms gave thousands of dollars services for 6,548 veterans in need of American Legion," as a handout piece. of material. The Society presented to the specialized medical care. Copies are available through your De- Legion District an award for distin- partment Hq. guished service. Since 1950, the GC Le- Kessler's Store in Aberdeen, S. Dak., gionnaires and Auxiliares have spon- took a two-page newspaper ad to salute Winner of the 1964 American Legion sored 2,150 camperships at the 72-acre The American Legion, and Post 24 in National Senior Postal Pistol matches summer camp. particular, for 39 years of support to was George C. Ferguson of Yuma, Ariz. American Legion Baseball. Photos of 41 He hit 297 out of 300 in the three-stage, Legion Varsity and Junior Baseball ac- Legion teams were shown. Legion base- 30-round competition. tivity was given a special section of al- ball started in Millbank in 1925, and the most 10 full pages of picture story national finals will be held in Aberdeen Bill McCool, 19, former pitcher with treatment by the newspaper, The Panto- in 1965. the Post 239, Lawrenceburg, Ind., Am- graph, of Bloomington, 111. Photos of erican Legion baseball team when it the teams with identities of all players The seventh floor Hall of Flags in the reached the department finals in 1961 and coaches, etc., and a story by Sports American Legion's Washington, D. C, and 1962, has won his first major league Editor Jim Barnhart presented the Le- Hq building will be the site of the fifth game. He came in as relief pitcher for gion Baseball story. annual Armed Forces chess champion- the Cincinnati Reds in a recent game ship tournament, Nov. 7-14. with Milwaukee and held the Braves for Tom Kern, of Judson, Ind., who says two scoreless innings for his first big he is the American Legion's champion At Montana State Univ. the economics, league win. blood donor, has just given his 116th history, and political science depart- pint of blood. A WW2 and Korea vet- ments are conducting an institute on The Firing Line, a publication of the eran, Kern, 40, first gave blood in August communism. Directed primarily toward Legion's Nat'l Americanism Commis- 1943, while serving in the infantry in high school teachers and potential high sion, reports that Post 51, Phoenix, Ariz., Europe. Since then he's been averaging school teachers, all registrants for the recently sponsored a one-day seminar about 5.5 pints yearly and depositing his institute's three courses (history, politics, on Cold War Education. The speakers, total of more than 14 gallons in blood and economics of communism) will re- who called for more teaching on Ameri- banks in Korea, Japan, and the United ceive nine credits for the five-week ses- canism and communism in U.S. schools, States. sion. {Continued on page 34) THE AMERICA LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 31 —

All 29 Boy Scouts of Troop 152, Lewiston, Idaho, at Jamboree. They're sponsored by Lewiston's Legion Post 13. Boys earned $10,000

rpHE boy scouts of America packed no around the world. Some days, Scout Hq THE BOY SCOUTS' less than 52,000 Boy Scouts in uni- estimated that there must have been an- form into tents on the sprawling grounds other 52,000 or so visitors on the of George Washington's old encamp- grounds—men, women, boys and girls BIG ment at Valley Forge, Pa., from July 17 roaming the huge tent city from 10 a.m. to July 23, this summer. They came and to 10 p.m. In the big photo below, you tented from every state of the Union and get a fair look at what 52,000 Boy JULY JAMBOREE there were visiting Scouts from nations Scouts look like when seated as tightly together as several acres will hold them. 152, of Lewiston, Idaho, sponsored by handbills 16 times for Montgomery The full gathering extends beyond the Lewiston's Lewis & Clark Post 13, Amer- Ward. They actually earned $1 1,000, as picture in both directions—even to the ican Legion, had all 29 of its boys in they had to make up $1,000 that they horizon on the right, if you will. A spe- camp (top photo). It took the Lewiston lost on one event they sponsored. En cial 140° camera angle couldn't get Scouts two years to get the $10,000 ex- route they toured: Chicago; Detroit and them all in. There were plenty of Scouts pense money they earned. They washed Dearborn, Mich.; New York and its from the 4,000-plus Legion-sponsored cars, sponsored events, etc. They earned World's Fair; historic Philadelphia and units on hand. The remarkable Troop more than $2,000 by delivering 9,000 Washington, D.C. the end

of the U.S. helicoptered in to speak. 'Our American Heritage" was the appropriate Valley Forge th THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 33 NEWS.

PEOPLE IN THE NEWS gram President Truman awarded him 113th Eng (WW1)— (Sept.) Leo Fenton, 959 Mullberry St., Noblesville, Ind. Erie Cocke, Sr., Past Nat'l Vice Cmdr the Medal of Merit in 1946. 129th Inf, Hq Co (WW1)— (Sept.) Floyd Byrne, Pontiac, 111. of The American Legion (1922-23), Colonel Johnson had been a director 131st Mach Gun Bn (WWD— (Oct.) C. F. Vick- elected a Director of the American Bank of the Legion's seven-million-dollar Nat'l rey, P.O. Box 826, Frederick, Okla. 135th Combat Eng Bn— (Sept.) John L. Dwyer, Of Atlanta. Endowment Fund Corp. since 1943. and 95 E. 24th St., Huntington Sta., N.Y. 11746. 139th Inf, Co B served at various times on many other (WWD- (Oct.) William F. Vendel, P.O. Box 391, Oskaloosa, Kans. James V. Day, member of the Legion's Legion national commissions. 140th Inf, Co B (WWD— (Sept.) E. C. Lohse, Boonville, Mo. Nat'l Legislative Commission, elected 142nd Inf, Co H (WW1)— (Oct.) Harry I. Boothe, vice chairman of the Federal Maritime Box 365, Chillicothe, Tex. OUTFIT REUNIONS 157th Combat Eng Bn— (Sept.) Paul S. Knecht. Commission. 617 S. 7th St., Shamokin, Pa. 17872. Reunion will be held in month indicated. For 164th AA Gun Bn, Bat C— (Oct.) Louis A. particulars, write person whose address is Chalk. 732 Maple Ave., Elmira, N.Y. 14904. Dr. Park W. Huntington, of Wilmington, given. 164th Inf— (Oct.) Donald Robinson, Robinson's Notices accepted on official form only. For Music, Bismarck, N. Dak. Del., Legion Nat'l Executive Comittee- form send stamped, addressed return envelope 174th Inf Reg't (See 74th Inf Reg't) 178th Field Art'y Bn, Bat A (WW2)— (Sept.) man, appointed to a four-year to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, term on Paul H. Greer, Rt. 6, Greer, S.C. 29651. 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices the State Human Relations Commission. 252nd Field Art'y Bn— (Sept.) Ralph W. should be received at least four months before Schnell. 845 Oakton St., Elk Grove Village, scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary 111. to get form. 283rd Combat Eng Bn— (Sept.) Homer C. Lacy, Gilberto M. Font, of Santurce, Puerto Earliest submission favored when volume of 262 Millbrook Ave., Ellicott City, Md. 21042. 301st Eng (Sept.) E. S. Borod, 51 Rico, Legion Nat'l Executive Commit- requests is too great to print all. (WWD— Em- pire St., Rm. 605, Providence 3, R.I. teeman, appointed to the advisory board 301st Trench Mortar Bat— (Oct.) Walter F. ARMY Welch, 213 Gwen Rd.. Meriden. Conn. of directors of the Association of the Inf, Misner, 1st Gas Rcg't (WW1)— (Sept.) Ed J. Kerns, 302nd Co L— (Oct.) Charles C. 333 Westerville, U.S. Army, Antilles Chapter. 12654 Ohio St., Detroit 4, Mich. Knox St., Ohio. 5Ui Medical Bn (WVV2)— (Sept.) R. E. Carlson, 309th Field Sig Bn, Co A— (Oct.) William East- 1137 Kav Pkwv, Ann Arbor, Mich. erday, 311 W. Washington St., Culver, Ind. DIED 5th Port Iransp. Corps (See 13th Port) 312th Field Art'y— (Oct.) William C. Linthicum, 12th Eng— (Sept.) Elliot Beebe, 1722 N. 23rd St., 9 Montrose Ave., Kirklyn, Upper Darby, Pa. Hentschel, Col. J. Monroe Johnson, in Marion, S.C. East St. Louis, 111. 62204. 314th Inf (AEF)— (Sept.) George E. 13th Port & 5th Port Transp. Corps— (Oct.) 301 Penn Oak Rd.. Flourtown, Pa. (see below.) Perry C. Euchner, Geneseo. N.Y. 324th Field Art'v (WWD— (Sept.) Fred Karch, 19th Rwy Eng (WW1)— (Oct.) H. R. Jefferson, 1143 Oakwood Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43206. 5706 Woodland Ave.. Philadelphia 43, Pa. 334th Eng Rcg't, Co F— (Sept.) Roland E. Sim- Thomas S. McConnell, of Fowler, Ind. 21st Light Rwy Eng (WVV1)— (Oct.) George B. mons, 2320 Acorn Dr., Dayton. Ohio 45419. Whitlield, 192 Broad St., Eatontown, N.J. 348th Sta Hosp. (Oct.) Skipper Wirfs, 1714 N. Past Dep't Cmdr (1924-25). 23rrt Eng, Co C (WWD— (Oct.) Stephen P. Court St.. McHenry, 111. 60050. Mullery. 305 Riverside Dr., New York, N.Y. 357th Inf, Co H (WWD— (Oct.) Neal E. O'Brien, 34th Inf Reg't— (See 893rd Tank Dest Bn) 1022 W. Ave. C, Elk City, Okla. 35th Inf Div 2)— (Sept.) Howard G. 389th Field Art'y Bn. Bat C— (Oct.) G. Melvyn J. Monroe Johnson Dies (WW1 & Faulkner, P.O. Box 41, Leavenworth, Kans. Goetze, 6276 Charlotteville Rd., Newfane, N.Y. 14108. 36th Inf Div— (Sept. I Angelo Barca, 429 War- Severhof, 4124 Col. J. Monroe Johnson died in Marion, burton Ave., Yonkers, N.Y. 453rd AA AW Bn— (Sept.) Peter 56th Rcg't C AC— (Sept.) Joseph Wanko, 8 Hart- Fairview Dr., Toledo. Ohio 43612. S.C, on July 2 at the age of 86. A founder ford Ave.. Bvram, Conn. 556th Hvv Ponton Bn— (Sept.) Clifford E. Day, 70th Eng Light Ponton (WW2)— (Oct.) David 16762 Inkster Rd., Detroit, Mich. 48240. of The American Legion, one of the (Oct.) Daniel W. Russell, Lake Pine RD 2, Marlton, N.J. 729th Ord Light Maint Co— W. Deal. Box 206. Havre de Grace, Md. most widely known and beloved Legion 74th & 174th Inf Rcg'ts— ( Sept. ) Henry Peter- son, Connecticut St. Armory, Buffalo. N.Y. 893rd Tank Dest Bn & 34th Inf Reg't— (Sept.) leaders. South Carolina's American 82nd Div— (Oct.) Fred E. Jones. 28 E. 39th St., Ed Kunigonis, 52 E. Main St., Plymouth, Pa. 3512th Ord Med Auto Maint— (Sept.) Harry E. Legion National Executive Committee- New York 16, N.Y. 82nd Div (WWD— (Oct.) Edward C. Ellinger, Parker. R.D. 1. Chicora, Pa. 2116 man from 1919 to 1935, he had a distin- 28 E. 39th St., New York. N.Y. 10016. Los Angeles MP— (Sept.) Jeep O'Neal, 91st Chem Mortar Bn (MTZ. WW2)— (Sept.) N.W. 12th St., Oklahoma City, Okla. guished career in government service. Paul J. Hennessey, 5501 Whitby Ave., Phila- Original 120th (WWD— (Sept.) Mrs. Fred Sam- ble, 203 E. Longmeadow Rd., Hampden, Mass. Nine times decorated in WW1 when he delphia, Pa. 19143. 94th Sig Bn— (Sept.) Gene Cook. 469 W. Lake Southwest Pacific Finance (WW2) — (Sept.) was chief engineer of the 42nd (Rain- Ave.. Rahway, N.J. Harold F. Lew, 1619 N. Clybourn Ave., Chi- 97th Sig Bn— (Sept.) Frank Mandile, 2766 cago, 111. 60614. bow) Division, he was, in WW2. named Zenith Ave. N., Minneapolis 22. Minn. Director of the Office of Defense Trans- I09th Eng (WWD— (Oct.) Ralph Travis, Carson, NAVY Iowa. portation in April 1944. He had earlier 109th Eng, Co A (WWD— (Sept.) Gordon Dins- 6th Seahecs— (Oct.) Donald Pierce, 6312 Parker, more, Box 107, Coralville, Iowa. Omaha, Nebr. served as a sergeant in the Spanish- 13th Marine Reg't, Co I (WWD— (Sept.) Wm. E. Burkhart, R.D. #5, Alliance, Ohio 44602. American War. Between the wars he es- 62nd Seabees— (Sept.) Arnold E. Dembowski, tablished the engineering firm of Johnson COMRADES IN DISTRESS 19028 Flamingo. Livonia, Mich. 97th & 108th Seabees— (Sept.) William Camp- Readers who can help these comrades are & Roberts in Marion. S.C which en- bell, 4359 Ashwoody Trail N.E., Atlanta, Ga. urged to do so. 108th Seabees— (See 97th Seabees) in public Notices are run at the request of gaged many works projects. In The Ameri- LST 587— (Sept.) M. Zitzsman, 1427 Highland can Legion Rehabilitation Nat'l Commission. Ave.. West Chester, Pa. 1935, President F. D. Roosevelt named They are not accepted from other sources. LST 831 (WW2)— (Oct.) Chas. H. Daniel, 281 Readers wanting Legion help with claims him assistant Secretary of Commerce, Finley St.. Jacksonville, 111. should contact their local service officers. North Sea Mine Force (Oct.) J. J. Kammer, 54 and in a Service officers locate — 1940 he became member of the unable to needed Walnut Ave.. Floral Park, N.Y. witnesses for claims should refer development Underwater Demo Team it 16 (Oct.) Edward Interstate Commerce Commission, of the matter to the Nat'l Rehabilitation — Commis- Garabedian. 20 Claffev Ave.. Worcester, Mass. sion through normal channels, for further which he became the chairman in 1949. USS Archcrfish (SS31D— (Serjt.) Carl A. Wil- search before referral to his column. ken, 1516 Central Ave., Sandusky. Ohio. President Truman waived his mandatory USS Bennett (DD473)— (Sept.) Robert H. Carl- 48th Rep] Bn, APO 551, c/o PM, New York- son, 82 Hamilton St.. Hartford 6. Conn. retirement from the Commission when Need to contact former buddies of George USS Joseph T. Dickman (APA, CG)— (Oct.) N. Des Orineaux, deceased, in connection he reached 70 in that year, and reap- Philip V. LaBriola, 1100 Hunter's Lane, Ore- with a compensation claim. hospi- He was land, Pa. pointed Colonel Johnson to talized at 185th Gen Hospital, Taunton, Eng- another USS Narragansett (ATF88) (Sept.) Albert W. land; White Sta Hospital, Medford, — Camp Callahan, 126 Shawmut Ave., Marlboro, Mass. seven-year term, from which he retired Ore.; Foster Gen Hospital, Jackson. Miss.; in 1956 at 77. As director of defense and Lawson Gen Hospital. Atlanta, Ga. His dates of service were: 6-16-42 to 2-12-45. AIR transportation in M. A. Winston, Jr., Lafavette Parish WW2. Colonel John- Contact: 18th Depot Repair Sqdn— (Sept.) Earl Rupel. Service Officer. P.O. Box 2825. Lafayette, La. son 2816 California Ave., Kettering, Ohio 45419. was the policy maker of the war- 45th Inf Div, 245th Tank Bn, Co C, Korea- 138th Aero Sqdn (WWD— (Oct.) Joseph P. La- Anyone with personal knowledge of injury time travel austerities, under which ci- fond, 321 Charles St., Woodburn, Oreg. 97071. to Donald B. Bartholow, Reliance, S. D. 57569, 388th Hvy Bomb Gp— (Sept.) Edward J. Hunt- vilian use of railroad and auto travel may be able to help him. He is attempting to was zinger. 863 Maple St.. Perrysburg, Ohio 43551. obtain supporting evidence for his compensa- rationed, limited American Balloon Corps (Sept.) Joseph J. and controlled to pre- tion claim based on residuals of injury to his — Kuhn. 68-63 108th St.. Forest Hills, N.Y. 11375. serve our major transport capacity, gaso- back and right hip. Injury took place South of Unson Mountain. Hill soulh of Christmas line and rubber supplies for the war ef- Hill (known either as Hill 10 20 or Hill 9/20) MISCELLANEOUS in spring or early summer, 1953. The 2nd Retreads (WW1 & 2)— (Sept.) Elmer H. Braun, fort. For the national success of this pro- and 3rd Platoons were in line. 40-07 154th St., Flushing 54, N.Y. 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1964 NEWS

awarded LIFE MEMBERSHIPS jutant or Finance Officer of Post which Post 55, Bonners Ferry, Idaho, gave an the life membership. The award of a life membership to a Legion- to its adjutant, Arthur P. Zimmer- They may get form by sending stamped, self- award naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who addressed return envelope to: man, and believes his 38th term in this has served The Ameri- know him best that he "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 can Legion well. office is a record for unpaid post level 5th Ave., New York, N. Y." 10019. Below are listed some of the previously tan- On a corner of the return envelope write the service. He is a charter member (1919). published life membership Post awards that number of names you wish to report. No written reported to the editors. They are have been letter necessary to get forms. arranged by States or Departments. Post 183, Baltimore, Md., contributed Julian Thomas Petrich (1958) and Waino E. POSTS IN ACTION this Freedom Wreath, took it overseas, Hendrickson (1964), Post 4, Juneau, Alaska. and placed it against this cross, which Fletcher Newell (1952) and C. H. Burnett and Post 2, Fargo, N. Dak., is proud of mem- John A. Durden (both 1956) and William D. Brock and Calvin Sanders (both 1958), Post 1, ber Richard J. Pratt, a Korean vet. He Phoenix, Ariz. saved the lives of two youngsters, age W. B. Norsworthy (1964), Post 158, DeWitt, Ark. five and nine, when a boat containing the Arthur A. Davis (1963), Post 10, Richmond, Calif. two and six others capsized. Two Walter L. Coleman and Edward W. Jones and drowned. Among the honors accorded Charles W. Wood, Jr. (all 1964), Post 108, New Haven, Conn. to Pratt are the Carnegie Hero Medal Guy H. Allen and Heiskell W. Harvill and and the American Red Cross' Chester A. R. Kurtz (all 1964), Post 5, Tampa, and $750, Fla. highest individual award—the Certificate William Merrill Banta and James L. Newall and Ivan M. Webster (all 1964), Post 80, of Merit. Downers Grove, 111. Walter R. Adkisson and Walter R. Smith (both 1964), Post 153, Hillsboro, 111. A six-year-old boy, who two years ago C. J. Partridge (1964), Post 296, Sterling, 111. Walter A. Lightbody and Hugo L. Samlow underwent an operation for a malignant (both 1963), Post 348, Chicago, 111. given to A. J. Dalton and Claiboren C. Haworth and brain tumor and was one year Fred Lambdin (all 1964). Post 634, St. Joseph. live, recently realized his life's ambition. 111. Victor G. Walmer (1964), Post 10, Marion, He was a soldier for a day. Thanks to Ind. Post Newton, La., and the U. S. Clarke B. Payne (1963), Post 353, Farmland, 158, Ind. Army, Kenny Ray Mouton was made J. Allen Anderson (1964), Post 8, Denison, Iowa. an honorary colonel and commanding F. C. Davis (1963) and Ralph R. Stuart (1964), officer of the faculty group at Fort Polk, Post 183, Hampton, Iowa. J. E. Hadden and Porter F. Pierce (both 1964), and given a tour of the post. "'Colonel the spot near the Berlin Wall Post 62, Franklin, Ky. marks said that his ambition was Daniel J. Murphy and Nathaniel C. Nash and Kenny" had where Peter Fechter. an East Berliner George H. Proulx and William H. Reardon (all to be a soldier because "I love my flag 1961), Post 27, Cambridge, Mass. trying to escape to the West, died from Edward L. Green and Glenn E. Grover and and my country so much." Communist border fire Aug. 17, 1962. Bernard S. Joyce and George L. Kelly (all tribute, 1963) , Post 28. Northampton, Mass. The wreath, a Memorial Day Fletcher Clark, Jr. (1964), Post 64, Middle- Baltimore's boro, Mass. Post 209, New York, has presented a was made by students at Charles F. Ely (1964), Post 124, Westfield, check for $3,500 to JOB (Just One Break, Harford Hills Elementary School. Mass. Carleton E. Haney and William L. Hawes and Inc.), the nonprofit placement agency Edward L. Kerin and Samuel W. Levinson (all for disabled men and women, on the oc- Post 334, Little Rock, Ark., has just 1964) , Post 166, Fairhaven, Mass.

Frank R. Knight (1963) and George A. casion of JOB's 1 5th anniversary. elected an 85-year-old post commander Robideau (1964), Post 175, Longmeadow, Mass. It's his third commander- Walter E. Bickel and George Dumont and —W. E. Burns. Elmer L. Holder (all 1962), Post 274, Oscoda, ship in three different posts. Mich. Post 93, San Francisco, Calif., in a Vernon E. Miller (1963), Post 391, Plymouth, public ceremony saluted the Terranesi- Mich. Boswell, Ind., has eclipsed its John A. Royden (1956) and Tim R. Frisk and ans, a teen girls club attached to the Post 476, Oscar J. Skomo (both 1959), Post 440, Minne- Francisco) The 1965 membership goal, turning in 135 apolis, Minn. Stonestown (San YWCA. its assigned Ralph M. Godwin (1964), Post 1, Jackson, girls, now in college, formed a year ago members—one more than Miss. high school seniors to goal for 1965. Sam Modica ( 1958 ) and Joseph D. Cassata and when they were Gerardo Garafolo (both 1964), Post 151, Kansas parties and entertainment City, Mo. help prepare Walter E. Boeger (1964), Post 424, Hartsburg, for young adults from the Aid Retarded Post 98, Brewer, Maine, has voted to Mo. scholarship to a graduate Helga Tunby (1952) and Thomas Llovd Owen Children training work shop. They award a $200 (1963), Post 35, Baker, Mont. helped to return many retarded children of Brewer H.S. Basis for selection will be Perley L. Bachelder and Ellsworth F. Hall and Earl G. Stevens (all 1962), Post 41, White- to useful lives. The Terranesians are scholarship, extra-curricular activities, field, N.H. Frank B. R. Newhard and B. F. Slemmer continuing their efforts and are a source and need. (both Post 1964), 149, Haddon Heights, N.J. of inspiration to other teen-agers who Raymond C. Jones (1961), Post 173, Bath, N.Y. William J. Kelly and Lewis H. Van DeMark have formed similar groups in high Post 180, Hudson, Mich., in cooperation (both 1958) and Charles E. Deyo (1962), Post and profes- 176, New Paltz, N.Y. school. with the town's merchants John A. Bay and Arthur Forbach and August sional men raised nearly $700, by means S. Smith (all 1964), Post 213, Bronx, N.Y. for the United George W. Drexel and Edgar G. Eckert and Post 105, Decatur, 111., recently dedi- of a dance and auction, Harry E. France (all 1964), Post 1308, Pine Bush, N.Y. cated Edward Hayes Field, a fully Fund and Polio Foundation. Arthur L. Johnson (1964), Post 3, Dickinson, N. Dak. equipped and lighted softball field named Wm. C. Labenberg and Harry E. Dennison in memory of the late Past Nat'l Cmdr NEW POSTS and Robert F. Ertwine (all 1963), Post 289, Ringtown, Pa. (1933-34) of The American Legion. The American Legion has recently char- James Young (1964), Post 523, Rural Valley, Pa. tered the following new posts: Early- James E. Canada (1963) and John W. Post 72, Napoleon, N. Dak., has given Jones Post 809, Fort Worth, Texas; Billy Holloran, HI and John R. Pugh (both 1964), Post 16, Lynchburg, Va. $500 to the Logan County Home for the Mitchell Post 316, Baytown, Texas; John A. L. Parker (1964), Post 60, Norfolk, Va. Drexel, Rev. Walter J. Dillenburg (1959) and Kenneth Aged, sponsored four boys to Boys State, F. Kennedy Memorial Post 169, A. Pucker (1964), Post Marshfield, Wis. 54, planned to provide a picnic table at City N.C.; Carver Post 322, Gadsden, Ala.; Life Memberships are accepted for publica- Park, and arranged to improve the Me- and North-East Memorial Post 1856, tion only on an official form, which we provide. Rochester, N.Y. Reports received only from Commander, Ad- morial plot at Napoleon Cemetery. THE AMERICA LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 35 —

HOW SATELLITES ARE CHANGING YOUR LIFE NOW (Continued from page 9)

franchise. COMSAT is going ahead. It's was predicted up to within a few minutes direct, and broadcast the weather photos a new firm, but no novice. Half of its of putting it to use. Alaska is in one of the received from space, as of this hour, for stock is owned by the big communica- world's weather factories which has vast you to view on your home TV. It ought tions firms. areas — Northern Siberia, the Arctic to happen. There's no scientific or legal Ocean, the Alaskan interior where in the Q. When you say that the man in the — problem way. These are weather there's nobody to report weather obser- pictures of big areas, of course, street is moving into the "Buck Rogers" and per- vations by radio. A Tiros sees the weath- haps the number of viewers could age right now through satellites, is it who er pattern at a glance, over these satellites that you mean? 500,000 interpret them isn't large today. But as square miles in TV photos, and reports it the Tiroses become more sophisticated A. Yes. I mean through communication to the human race. I see no reason why, in the future, you satellites, and most especially those that Tiroses have reported floating might not see local thunderstorms on involve great numbers of people on earth. ice masses in Hudson Bay, the Gulf of St. TV, and know whether one is headed The scientists and the military may have Lawrence and the North Sea ever since your way. That could take care of your even more fantastic types of satellites 1961. It's priceless data for shipping. picnic. In the future you may have a cooking, but even their most dramatic They have shown snow conditions in all weatherscope in your kitchen to show spacecraft didn't really affect you and the world's great mountain ranges and you a picture of the weather within hun- me directly and immediately. It was pri- dust storms over its great deserts with dreds of miles of your home at any time, marily scientific and its effects on man- — much use made of many of the reports. as seen from space. kind, whatever they may be, are for the This is all quite ordinary now. From future. Q. Now what are the great advantages Washington we can report a desert dust of round-the-world, earth-to-earth, in- Q. What spacecraft was that? storm to Saudi Arabia and to ships in stant TV, live from anywhere to any- A. The Venus probe, by all odds. The the Red Sea and Persian Gulf. The U.S. where? spacecraft that Mariner we sent close to Weather Bureau has issued thousands of far than the planet A. They are probably greater Venus which reported back routine weather advisories, worldwide, we have yet realized. Our technical ad- to earth what it observed. under an agreement with 25 other coun- vances have happened so fast that they But is it earthshaking to tries. It happens every day, and if you Q. so bounce are way ahead of our development of messages and TV around the earth? We fly or put to sea it affects you impor- uses. Our first application, of course, was already have wireless, and telegraph, and tantly, perhaps life-savingly. That's Buck live news broadcasting via Telstar I radio, and coaxial cables, and video tape, Rogers brought right to your door here and then Telstar II and the two Relays and now to protect you, on earth and Telex, and undersea cables. — between North America and Europe. today, with data from outer space. A. Well, yes. First of all the satellites That was impossible, because of the have the field to themselves in sending Q. Could I use Tiros weather informa- curve of the earth, until we could trans- us information which originates in space, tion when planning a family picnic? mit to a satellite which received, ampli- yet affects our lives on earth every day. A. Not really. Of course the official fied and beamed the message back down Q. Like what? forecast has Tiros information blended to earth on the other side of the ocean.

A. One of ourearliest satellites isTransit, into it. But you mean could you get your You understand that, because of its great which ships at sea can use to get naviga- hands on it directly, and see the pictures height, the satellite is "in sight" of both tional bearings. You bounce radar off a yourself? sides of the ocean at once, so that the Transit, day or night, in fair weather or curve of the earth is detoured. Also, even Q. Yes. How close does this outer space foul. The navigator doesn't have to see if we could send TV around the surface, information actually come to home, the sun or a star. Now there have been the atmosphere would interfere as it does already? eight experimental Tiros weather satel- with short-wave radio. But instead of A. You aren't so far off. If you had a lites, sending still photos of the weather broadcasting through 5,000 miles or so private organization that really needed on earth as seen from space, and even of atmosphere, with its interferences, a weather information straight, you could measuring how much of the sun's heat satellite transmission simply passes get a receiver station and, under govern- the earth holds each day. Tiros I was through the thickness of the atmosphere ment regulations, tie in to Tiros and satellite, launched April 1, 1960. A Tiros sees twice—once up to the and once future weather satellites for which entire storm systems in one eyeful, and down to its destination. Tiroses are but experiments, using in- people who don't even know that they stant TV pictures. Q. What has been the impact of the have been using Tiroses have been using intercontinental live news TV? them. At New York's John F. Kennedy Q. It /.v available now for private use A. That is something that viewers can Airport, the Federal Aviation Authority without going through a bunch of express even better than we can who are regularly uses Tiros weather information interpreters? in the communications business. Speak to plot flights over the Atlantic. When A. Yes. Right now. It's just too costly to the man who saw Ruby shoot Oswald we sent our astronauts into orbit the for your picnic use. on TV as it happened. Ask how it Tiroses flashed the world's weather to Q. A lot of us think the weather in- affected him. It wasn't the same thing by the launching pad—up-to-date to the formation is twisted out of shape by a long shot that it was to the other fellow hour. This included the weather at, and passing through a lot of minds that only who heard the news first and only saw it approaching, the scheduled landing give us their forecast, instead of the on video tape later. Wait until you see areas, which, you recall, were in the mid- information. If one could see a photo- the Olympics as they happen in Tokyo Atlantic and mid-Pacific. This was in- graph of a storm system 200 miles west and compare the experience with the formation of a kind and scope not avail- he wouldn't plan some of his activities overseas Olympic games you've seen on able in any other way. on the ifs, ands and maybes of fore- TV in the past, when you already knew Q. Tiroses cover the earth? casters. the result. It wasn't a satellite that

A. Recently, in Alaska, a new receiving A. All we need for that now is for TV brought the Ruby-Oswald affair to station was set up and Alaskan weather stations to tie into the Tiros information American homes, but satellites will ex-

36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 tend the range of such instantaneous tation. But with instantaneous TV you in Pakistan holding up a strange beetle viewing to blanket the earth eventually. are there. that he just found in a cotton field there

and showing it to a bug specialist in Q. What have been some of the high- Q. Is it really instantaneous? There's a Washington, via satellite color TV. The lights of this news-via-satellite since lot of relaying. Washington man says: "Spray that field Telstar I went up? A. The programs are relayed at vir- today with XYZ, it kills them in their A. The biggest audience in history to tually the speed of light. In human terms, larval stage. Don't waste a minute." With see an event as it happened was about it is instantaneous. If the mayor of San pre-satellite communication the differ- 220,000,000 people in the United States Francisco were being watched in Paris, ence of a day or two could be the differ- and Europe seeing part of the funeral and he blinked his eyes, a Frenchman ence between saving and ruining the procession of President Kennedy. would see it before he was through Pakistan cotton fields. This example is Europe got it by way of a Relay satellite. blinking. imaginary, but is exactly the kind of Frenchman in Brittany could see A Q. So it is in news broadcasting that the thing that satellites will do to decision- President de Gaulle, right then, repre- communication satellites are changing making where time is all important. senting his country in the cortege across the lives of people on earth? That will also big the ocean. A. Oh, no! That's just the beginning. Q. apply to decisions that affect everyone, it? And just to show what impact this News was the easiest immediate appli- won't right now viewing has, a few days after cation. We are in the infancy of the A. Of course. Momentous events of the the first Telstar was up we had some impact of satellites on the making of past are being ruled out of modern pos- satellite time available to send a live TV decisions that affect all or some of us. sibility by instantaneous world-wide program to the United States from Not long ago a heart specialist in Minne- visual information via satellites. The Berlin. We decided we'd show Ameri- sota's Mayo Clinic heard the heartbeat Pearl Harbor raid would be impossible cans the Berlin Wall as it was at that of a cardiac patient in Bristol, England, today, without regard to changes in very moment. The nowness of it was by way of a satellite. He could have done weaponry. The Japanese wouldn't even eerie. It was 3 a.m. in Berlin, mid- the same thing by other means, but think try. With military satellites watching the evening in New York. You could see, of the medical applications when a dis- Pacific they couldn't get there by sur- just beyond the Wall, the hats of com- tant specialist may—as he could right prise and they couldn't get away secretly. munist soldiers moving about. The now at some large cost—sit 10,000 miles We now have military satellites with viewer impact was terrific. This goes away and hold a three-way visual con- cloud-penetrating infra-red viewing. But beyond telling the news. It expands the versation with you and your doctor to the military applications are a two-way human senses beyond all previously assist in a difficult diagnosis. Think of a street. At the Battle of the Bulge, not imagined horizons. The news that you surgeon watching and advising on an only Eisenhower in Europe but General get by other means goes through other operation in his special field from a con- Marshall in Washington might have seen minds first—you really get an interpre- tinent away. Visualize a farm specialist {Continued on page 38) ---Exciting New Way To Earn $6.44 An Hour INVESTIGATE ACCIDENTS

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How Satellites Are Changing Your Life Now to many of the people of the world. ing truth ever more difficult to conceal. The UN has endorsed in principle, (Continued from page 37) Q. Did the communists resist the idea? plans of Secretary General U Thant and A. The Soviet camp did, but the new the Nazi buildup before the attack—they Information Chief Tavares De Sa, of nations weren't on their side at all on might have watched it together and Brazil, to set up a TV center in the UN this one. Worldwide live TV exerts a nipped it in the bud. On the other side Secretariat Building that would be able pressure that the Soviets are finding of the coin. Hitler might have watched to transmit conferences, and Security harder to oppose themselves. While they the invasion of Normandy building up. Council and General Assembly meetings want to control all the information they For better or worse, satellites as com- to almost any point in the world. The can, they can't be left back in the horse- munication vehicles will reshape war as effect on the whole world could be more and-buggy days either. And that's pretty well as peace. Think what they'd do to a profound than you might think, offhand. much their choice. On the 12th of June traditional land battle of the past. GHQ We in the United States have seen live this year, at Geneva, the Russians agreed sees the whole battle line and moves its TV of UN meetings. Who doesn't re- on a three-year target date for ground troops about in immediate response to member Khrushchev pounding his shoe the enemy tactics. The enemy GHQ does stations within their territories for satel- the same. And for better or worse, the lite sending and receiving, tied in with heads of government may see everything COMSAT. that the generals see at the same time Q. What other effects do the satellites that it is happening. This will certainly have? change events. We'll probably have both A. Mention of Geneva summons up all good and bad results, as more people in the difficulties which slow communica- authority have all the information that tion of detailed information places upon the front line general has. But as anyone international relations. An international who studies history knows, momentous conference at Geneva can go along at decisions have been hampered most a snail's pace because of the home gov- often lack by of up-to-the-minute infor- ernments' inability to know all that their mation in the hands of the decision representatives there have dealt with. maker. The Battle of New Orleans was One day's proceedings can produce the fought after the War of 1812 had ended. equivalent of a book of reports. With a That hasn't been repeated since the tele- satellite relaying whole pages in rapid graph was invented—except for some sequence across the ocean, today's re- ships at sea or small groups of isolated ports in Geneva could be reviewed by troops that waged war after the war was everyone concerned in Washington to- over. But take the more recent Bay of night—or even page by page as they are Pigs battle in Cuba. President Kennedy's turned out in Geneva today. Not only decision on air support might have been speed, but clarity and thus better deci- quite different if he had been able to see "But soap makes my turtle sick. sions, can flow from such rapport. events as they happened. Mobile TV on Ambassadors abroad can have face to THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE one of the invasion ships, if beamed to face conferences with their governments, Washington by way of a satellite parked decisions and Macmillan setting him down with bringing on matters of state far over the Caribbean, could have led him closer to reality than ever before. that great English disdain? But this is Relay down an entirely different path. As it not a memory which the rest of the and Telstar have been used experiment- was he heard verbal, radioed reports, ally this world shares. It was edited, predigested, way. The Ambassador from with all their indefiniteness, incomplete- Italy to Washington, seated in Washing- or not seen at all in many other lands ness and time lag, and consulted with ton, has talked to his Prime Minister just and was seen nowhere as it happened colleagues as to their meaning. That was except on this continent. You don't edit to show how it works. going it blind compared to seeing what live TV without the viewers knowing it. Q. He could have used a telephone. happened as it happened at a time when You have to stop the picture. We suspect A. Yes. But don't undersell the visual immediate events called for an immedi- that the impact on world opinion, and part, and the possibility to show some- ate decision. the control that this will exercise on UN thing, should an important situation A face-to-face TV conference between delegates, may go beyond what anyone demand it. In the whole history of diplo- General MacArthur in Korea and Presi- who has worked with communication macy, voice and words have often dent Truman in Washington inter- — satellites has yet dreamed. Exposure of proved inadequate. On very important larded with visual shots of the military what is really happening is the greatest matters, Ambassadors and other diplo- situation as of the moment in Korea weapon that the truthful man has. Nat- mats have been questioned or doubted, might have altered the course of history urally, the receiving nations can still on the strength of their distant word, there. I am told that General MacArthur censor the broadcasts. They can show where they called for a vital decision. said afterward that it was his remote- what their man says and cut off the The home government wonders, "Is he ness from personal contact with Wash- rebuttal. But the viewers will know that exaggerating? Do we have enough to go ington that let the thing develop as it did. they weren't permitted to see what hap- by? This report is in conflict with other pened next. Even when censored, the Q. Has anyone definite plans right now information. What is the truth? Better propaganda effect is weakened by viewer to use satellites to affect big world delay. Better wait till we know more." consciousness of the censorship. affairs? This problem will never be solved A. Yes, indeed. The United Nations in Q. It should have a profound long-range entirely. But instantaneous visual report- New York is planning to make some of effect. ing, and showing of supporting evidence its meetings available for worldwide A. Yes, and yet never be obvious in any around the world in a flash, will be viewing as they happen. Much of the one episode. Satellites in this case may another long step around an ancient proceedings there are presently edited subtly and unnoticeably revamp the diplomatic problem which has more than propaganda-wise before they are reported whole conduct of world affairs by mak- once affected the history of nations either

38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 through bad decisions or by lack of de- end their useful lives when their batteries A New FREE BOOK for cision at the right time. . .. die. In order to free their frequency channels for other use when their bat- Q. Haven't earlier developments made teries get too weak, time devices in them possible the transmitting of data rapidly cut off their transmission even before MEN PAST40 over long distances, such as the example they are quite dead, when their signals are you suggested of a Geneva Conference? too poor to be useful. Incidentally, the Troubled With Getting Up Nights, A. Yes. Except for live across TV Pains in Back, Hips, Legs, device to cut off Relay I failed, but it is oceans, and except for information origi- Nervousness, Tiredness. still working reliably. There are also nating in space, the communication inactive satellites, such as the military's This New Free Book points out that if satellites are not doing things wholly new two huge Echo balloons that have been you are a victim of the above symptoms, to communications. But they are greatly the trouble may be traceable to Glandu- orbiting, as visible as two minor planets, increasing the traffic and the quality of lar Inflammation ... a condition that for years. They are just mirrors for message transmission without pictures. very commonly occurs in men of middle bouncing messages, without amplifying age or past and is often accompanied by They overlap what telephone, radio, them and rebroadcasting them. They despondency, emotional upset and other cables, wireless and Telex do. And they mental and nervous reactions. have no batteries to die, and maintain for such transmissions too. are used They that, their limited use as long as they stay up. The book explains although are new channels of telephone and radio many people mistakenly think surgery Few of the satellites return to earth very over long distances. They have enormous is the only answer to Glandular Inflam- soon, and we expect many of them to is non-surgical data transmission potentialities. Bell mation, there now a stay up for hundreds of years. treatment available. Labs said that the first Telstar could keep up with the output of 18,000 secretaries Q. How many objects do we have whirl- in sending data. Its successors are even ing around up there now? N0N-SUWCAL TREATMENTS more sophisticated. You recall that the A. Including military, NASA, and for- This New Free Illustrated Book tells first two Syncoms weren't even designed eign satellites, as well as the rocket about the modern, mild, Non-Surgical for TV. We did use one for TV experi- boosters that separated when each one treatment for Glandular Inflammation and that the treatment is backed by a mentally, but the quality was naturally was put in orbit, there are about 230 Lifetime Certificate of Assurance. Many not up to what the others could handle. manmade objects whirling the earth now, men from all over the country have Incidentally, for non-TV use we have representing what is left of nearly 600 taken the NON-SURGICAL treatment and have reported it has proven effec- many more ground stations. devices sent aloft by us and the Soviets. tive. Q. Where? Q. That will make a traffic jam event- The Non-Surgical treatment described A. Ignoring the more than 30 ground ually, won't it? in this book requires no painful surgery, stations for Tiros weather data recep- A. There's a lot of room in space, but hospitalization, anesthesia or long period of convalescence. Treatment tion, there are ground stations for voice it is a definite problem. All the useless takes but a short time and the cost is and data broadcasts by way of space at stuff up there is called "space junk" and reasonable. Nutley, N.J.; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; there's a lot of it. In Colorado Springs Fucino, Italy; Lagos, Nigeria (actually the government has SPADATS, a sort of REDUCIBLE HEMORRHOIDS in Lagos Harbor aboard the Navy's USS space detective agency, which keeps up- HERNIA

Kingsport); Lakehurst, N.J.; and Wal- to-the-minute records of all the orbits, Non-Surgical treatment f or both Reducible Hernia lops Island, Va. New ones are planned be they active or junk. That way we and Hemorrhoids, the bSweden; know instantly when any nation has Glandular Inflammation. and Nova Scotia, Canada. Some of these added anything to the merry-go-round. are being improved for use too, and TV Q. We could apparently keep talking for we'll soon have a new TV ground station weeks. I suppose that if the traffic jam at Point Magu, Calif., supplementing the gets too bad they'll design the satellites present one at Mojave, Calif. A TV of the future to re-enter the atmosphere ground station has just opened in and burn up, to get rid of them. Anyway, ILLUSTRATED BOOK Raisting, Upper Bavaria. Other nations you've told quite an impressive tale of have long-range ground station planning This New Free Book is how space flight is affecting all of our fully illustrated and under way to tie in with COMSAT's lives right now. deals with diseases commercial space communications peculiar to men. Tak- A. Before signing off, let's note that ing a few minutes project. right now to fill out perhaps I haven't told half of it. What Ti L the coupon below, may Q. You said earlier that Telstar I is now the military is doing via space right now enable you to better enjoy the future years dead. Do the satellites come out of orbit is an unknown quantity. They have their Of of your life and prove when they stop functioning? own satellites with classified special DISEASES to be one of the best investments you ever A. The active communication satellites purposes. But I can tell you that, putting made. two and two together, we know the government is using the communication COMING—OCTOBER ISSUE EXCELSIOR FILL OUT THIS satellites. They have an enormous ca- The Great National Coin Shortage. MEDICAL CLINIC COUPON TODAY pacity for non-TV messaging over much Dept. Ml 150 Q & A with experts on what happened of the earth's surface, and it seems that Excelsior Springs, Mo. to all the missing pennies, nickels, dimes, the government is pouring a lot of traffic Gentlemen: Kindly send me at once, your

I interested in full in- quarters and halves, and what it means New FREE Book. am through them. Maybe Washington is formation (Please Check Box) to you. chatting with Vietnam, or military com- Hernia Hemorrhoids Glandular Inflammation When FDR Juggled Thanksgiving. mands, embassies, consulates and other the NAME- The President changed the date of governments around world. What- it is busi- Thanksgiving on the spur of a moment. ever they're doing, on public ADDRESS Then the fun began. By Tom Mahoney. ness, so it is affecting our lives in one TOWN way or another right now, to a degree Other News, Views, Pix. STATE unknown to me. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 39 WHEN VILLA RAIDED NEW MEXICO (Continued from page 11)

rode into the camp and were made nothing unusual when he returned home miles west of the border gate and rode

prisoners. Villa ordered them hanged. at I a.m. after extinguishing a grass fire silently northeast to within half a mile McKinney and Corbett met death calmly on the tracks east of Columbus. For of Columbus. There most dismounted, but O'Neil resisted and was stretched on three hours more the town slept peace- leaving their horses in charge of old men (he ground for horsemen to run over. fully. Lieutenant Lucas went to his quar- and youngsters, and split into two With a desperate lunge, he swung up be- ters, an adobe house 50 yards west of the groups. One moved into the business dis- hind one of the first horsemen and was barracks, and noticed that his roommate, trict north of the tracks. The other cir- choking him when a shot ended his strug- Lt. Clarence C. Benson, on duty at the cled the cavalry camp with the aim of gle. border gate, had taken the cartridges out cutting horses loose. of his revolver. Lucas reloaded and re- Town and camp were dark. Except Two members of the branding party, tired. Lieutenant Castleman made a tour in a newly opened movie, long since whose names were recorded only as of inspection and sat down to read in the closed for the night, Columbus had no Antonio and Fondile, rode 30 miles officer-of-the-day's shack. Pvt. Fred electricity. Kerosene was little used and northeast to Columbus and that evening, Griffin, Troop K, walked a sentry post requests for oil and street lamps had been through an interpreter, told Colonel Slo- about regimental headquarters nearby. refused. In the darkness the invaders cum w hat had happened. Slocum placed Where was Villa? Ten days earlier, he reached the business district and the extra patrols on the border that night, and his band looted the Edward Wright western edge of the camp undetected. and next day sent Antonio back to see ranch near Pearson, killing Wright and which way the Villistas had gone. He another man and taking prisoner the Lieutenant Lucas may have been was taken by auto to Gibson's Ranch, 14 rancher's wife. Mrs. Maude Hawks the first to notice them. He was miles west of Columbus, and returned in Wright. A second prisoner. Edwin R. aroused about 4:15 a.m. by mounted the evening with word that the Villistas "Buck" Spencer, a Negro, was taken men riding past his open window. "I had divided their force, a few going when the cattlemen were killed. The Vil- looked out," he recalled later, "and al- toward Palomas, the Mexican village listas took both prisoners north with though the night was very dark, I saw a south of Columbus, and the bulk moving them. As Colonel Slocum was told, the man wearing a black sombrero riding southeast and away from the border. band split but instead of turning south- toward camp. From the sounds, he had

Colonel Slocum gave Antonio $20 east as reported, Villa and 500 men quite a few companions. I knew who they and, convinced that the alarm had passed turned north to a wood near the border were because Villa's officers affected this like many others, retired to his home. and there met spies with fresh informa- headgear. The house seemed completely

This was in the northeast part of Colum- tion on Columbus. surrounded. I got my gun and was facing bus, on the other side of the Southern Villa had been wearing civilian the door when the sentry at headquarters

Pacific tracks from the cavalry camp. clothes, a tiny somewhat comical round fired and saved me. I always felt I owed His command was deployed: one troop straw hat. and riding a small mule. He him a great debt." (2 officers and 65 men) under Capt. now changed into a trim military uni- Sentry Griffin fired the shot that saved Jens E. Stedje at the border gate, three form and mounted a handsome sorrel Lucas and many others. The guard was miles south of Columbus; slightly more horse. That evening, according to an ac- charged immediately by the raiders but than two troops (7 officers and 151 men) count given by Buck Spencer, he made killed three of them before being killed at Gibson's ranch under Maj. Elmer an impassioned address to his followers, himself. At the first shot. Lieutenant Cas-

Lindsley; and headquarters, machinegun who had had little food and water in the tleman, the officer of the day, rushed out

and four rifle troops ( 12 officers and 341 previous 24 hours. He wept, shouted and of his shack, revolver in hand. As he

men, of whom 79 were non-combatants) shrieked. He recited a long list of griev- turned the corner, he collided with a in Columbus. ances against the United States which he Mexican and shot him dead. Castleman

"Villa is coming tonight!" said some said had double-crossed him. He said continued to the barracks of his own residents more or less seriously. Of 35 Japan and Germany would come to his command. Troop F, and found Sgt. Mexican children in the Columbus pub- aid if the United States invaded Mexico. Michael Fody arousing the men. lic school, 28 were absent that day. There He described the accidental burning To save his own family, unprotected were some strange Mexicans in town. of some Mexicans in an El Paso delous- and living near a bank which might have Some gaps were cut mysteriously in the ing station as murder. He recalled the been the target of the invaders, Castle- east-west barbed wire fences along the movement of Carranza's troops through man led 25 troopers across the railroad the United States. He said President Wil- railroad. But at 1 1 :45 p.m., the evening tracks and set up a line in front of his train from El Paso, known both as the son had betrayed the Villista cause. For home. This kept the invaders from pene- Drummers' and the Drunkards' Special, these reasons they should burn and loot trating farther into the northeast part of torches of arrived on schedule. Aboard it were Van Columbus and make "human town and enabled the troopers to fire ef- Camp, the AP telegrapher, and Lt. John every man. woman and child." He said fectively as burning buildings began to Porter Lucas, a machinegun officer who the town was filled with food and wealth, light the business district. Shouting and had been playing polo in El Paso. and was guarded only by a ditch, some shooting became general. A bullet strands of wire and a few sleepy sentries. stopped the clock in the railroad station The return of Lucas, a 191 1 graduate of West Point, brought to three the num- "Let us kill them ten for one," he at 4:30 a.m. ber of officers actually in the camp area. shouted. Stumbling through the darkness in his These were 1st Lt. James P. Castlcman, "Viva Villa!" replied his followers. stocking feet, Lucas followed the in- the officer of the day. and Lt. Horace "Viva Mexico! Mata los gringoes!" vaders into camp, killed one Mexican on Stringfellow, Jr. Other officers of the Guns were loaded. Riders mounted the way, and aroused his command. command were at the border gate, Gib- horses and the band moved north in the Without waiting for it, he and two men, son's Ranch, or, like Colonel Slocum, cold night. Mules carried machineguns a corporal and a horseshoer, reached the with their families on the other side of and ammunition. Through a gap already guard tent and the machineguns. Stand- the tracks. cut in the wire they crossed in small ing orders required that these be locked A railroad section foreman noticed groups into the United States about three {Continued on page 42)

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 41 When Villa Raided New Mexico well was a horseshoer. They had no reg- man; Harry Davis and W. A. Davidson. (Continued from page 40) ularly issued arms. The musicians were Several more were wounded. issued pistols the next day. As the fire lighted the business district, as sold to the up they could be Mexicans Screaming raiders looted stores and raiders there were caught in a deadly or each. for $500 $600 surrounded the Commercial Hotel. Wil- crossfire from Castleman's men to the corporal "The acted as gunner while liam T. Ritchie, the proprietor, barred east and Lucas' men to the south. The

1 the loaded one of guns," recalled Lucas. the door, but this deterred the invaders invaders began to flee to the southwest "It was the old Benet-Mercier, a very only a few minutes. Shooting through and at daybreak a Mexican bugler complicated weapon, which required doors, they swarmed to the second floor sounded recall. The captives. Buck Spen- perfect conditions. The conditions not where the nine occupants of the hotel cer and Mrs. Wright, were abandoned by being perfect, it jammed after a few had taken refuge. "Uncle" Steven Burch- their guards. rounds. We left it and went after an- field, an old border resident, tossed the other." The jam was later cleared and he invaders some money and, while they Villa was one of the last to leave. got four guns into action. fired 20,- They quarreled over it, fled safely down a fire As he rode away, he encountered in half. 000 rounds an hour and a escape. Mrs. Wright and asked if she wanted to Lieutenant Stringfellow and 30 men Others were not so lucky. Walton R. go home to the United States. "Yes," she with rifles joined Lucas. He deployed Walker, a guest, was torn from his wife said. them to keep more raiders from entering and shot to death on the stairs. Dr. H. M. "Go," he ordered, "take your mare the camp. Mexicans surrounding one of Hart, a veterinarian, and Charles DeWitt and saddle." the cook shacks were beaten off with Miller, a state engineer, were taken to She had endured ten days of ill treat- boiling water and an axe. A soldier used the street and slain. The raiders told ment without tears but rode into Colum- a baseball bat to kill a bandit in the sta- Ritchie that a captain wanted to see him bus and collapsed. bles. Deadly dramas took place about downstairs. The fleeing raiders killed J. J. Moore, isolated buildings and homes. "Don't go, Daddy, don't go!" looted and burned the Moore ranch First Lt. William A. McCain, who screamed his daughter, Myrtle. house a mile southwest, and shot Mrs. later became a general, lived with his "I'll be back in a minute," said the Moore in the legs as she fled. She recog- wife and small daughter in the northwest hotel man. nized a man who twisted a ring from her part of town. With his orderly, they fled He was taken outside and killed. finger as one to whom she had sold a pair into the mesquite when their house was Other bandits poured coal oil on the of pants in the Moore store in Columbus surrounded. A Villista noticed them and Lemon & Payne store across the street the previous day. the orderly with a it afire. to the wounded him shotgun. and set The flames spread As the bandits withdrew, Colonel Slo- To keep him from revealing their hiding hotel. This diverted the raiders there and cum, Maj. Frank Tompkins, Capt. Ham- place, they pulled the bandit into the old Mexican neighbor, Juan Favela, an ilton Bowie and other senior officers bush and attempted to cut his throat with Jolly Garner, a young customs offi- with rushed to camp and took over the com- It Mrs. a pocketknife. was too dull and they cer who lived at the hotel, led mand from Lucas. He was sent with had to kill him with the butt of a pistol. Ritchie and her three daughters down the some troopers to relieve Captain Stedje Four non-commissioned officers and rear stairs to safety. Garner and Myrtle at the border gate and let him join in the three privates besides Sentry Griffin were Ritchie later married. was a were He pursuit. Though War Department orders Garner, killed. They were Sgts. John G. Niever- younger brother of John Nance forbade troops crossing the border, Col- the galt and Mark Dobbs; Cpls. Paul Simon Vice President of the United States in onel Slocum gave Major Tompkins per- and Harry A. Wiswell; Pvts. Thomas 1930's. mission to do so. Despite a wound in the Butler, F. Kindvall Jesse Taylor. civilians were killed in A. and Five more hand, he led two troops 15 miles into last lived until next day but in town. were C. C. The died other parts of They Mexico, four times coming in contact the Bliss hospital at El Paso. Niever- Miller, a druggist; James Dean, a grocer; Fort with the raiders and killing 75 to 100 be- wife of a railroad galt and Simon were bandsmen and Wis- Mrs. Milton James, fore lack of water and ammunition forced him to turn back. The dead Mexi- cans were collected and burned. Mrs. Susie Parks, the night telephone operator, gave the first news of the raid to the outside world. Though cut by broken glass, she put out the lights and remained at her post telling the Deming, N. Mex., operator of the attack. L. L. Burkhead, the Columbus postmaster, and his family escaped to a freight train that had stopped when the crew saw the town in flames. They used a train telephone to notify El Paso. The two Associated Press men, Seese and Van Camp, broke into the railroad telegraph office at daybreak and trans- mitted several thousand words, many of them direct to Chicago, for one of the most triumphant scoops in newspaper history. Except among rival newspaper- men, Seese's feat had little recognition. There were no Pulitzer Prizes at the time and he soon left the AP to serve as an artilleryman in the British and then the American Army in World War I. " . .

Seese refused to talk to Department of co, the troops of the government of Car- Justice agents investigating the raid on ranza formed in front of him and later Shrinks Hemorrhoids Columbus but confided to Army friends engaged one of Pershing's detachments. Without Surgery that he received his advance information This brought on a ticklish situation with New Way from two informants. One was Gen. the recognized Mexican government, Stops Itch -Relieves Pain Gabriel Gavira, commander of the Car- and orders from Washington pulled ranza garrison at Juarez, across the Rio Pershing back. But the aim of the ex- For the first time science has found a — new healing substance with the astonishing Grande from El Paso. The other was an pedition "to pursue and break up ability to shrink hemorrhoids and to relieve agent of Villa who insisted he was inno- Villa's band"—was achieved at least tem- pain — without surgery. In case after case, while gently relieving cent of the Santa Ysabel murders and porarily under extremely adverse con- pain, actual reduction (shrinkage) took place. was bringing proof of this to the border. ditions. Pershing surmounted all diffi- Most amazing of all — results were so thorough that sufferers made astonishing Seese at that time proposed to meet Villa culties so effectively that he later became statements like "Piles have ceased to be a and conduct him to Washington but Mel- commander of the American Expedi- problem! The secret is a new healing substance ville Stone, AP general manager, tionary Force in France. (Bio-Dyne®) — discovery of a world-famous quashed the idea. After the war, Seese Quite by accident, our military re- research institute. This substance is now available in sup- recovered from gas-induced tuberculosis action to the Columbus raid gave train- pository or ointment form under the name and edited the Middletown Times Her- ing to men and officers who later fought Preparation H®. Ask for it at all drug ald, and then the Goshen Independent in WW1 and WW2, and provided a dry- counters. in New York. He died in the Albany Vet- run shakedown for the National Guard erans Administration Hospital in 1955. units of many states, in the very shadow Repercussions of the raid were many. of our entry into WW1. National Guard Sen. Albert B. Fall of New Mexico, units were called to the border, but Chairman of the Senate Committee on didn't cross it, while Pershing and his Mexican Affairs, demanded a vast in- regulars went into Mexico. The Guard crease in border protection and bitterly commands learned a lot from the ex- ADIRONDACK CHAIR CO, criticized perience, as did of their members Colonel Slocum. Slocum was many S74-0 Pork A»e. $. • N.V. exonerated and praised, however, by who were soon to go to war in 1917-18. factories: — DALLAS • BOSTON Generals Hugh Scott, Frederick Funs- In pursuing Villa, Pershing himself IOS A. • CHICAGO PITTSBURGH ton and John J. Pershing, but they were got training in honest-to-goodness field unable to induce Secretary Baker to pro- command against an enemy on strange mote him to general in the great expan- terrain. 9 Different Ways to . . sion of the Army that followed. Slocum The roster of individuals who chased retired in 1919 but before his death in Villa is rich with familiar commanders Cash in on New Invention it's for anyone to replace old, worn faucet 1928 in Washington, D.C., he saw his of the World Wars. Besides Lucas, Now easy two washers with the new Ever-Wear Seal invention in detractor, Senator Fall, on the way to there was Gen. George S. Patton, Jr., just 3 minutes! An amazing money maker. We show you 9 different ways to sell in large quantities— includ- prison for his part in the Teapot Dome then a first lieutenant serving as aide- ing a proved plan for getting orders and money by mail. Make as much as $74.00 on every $100.00 in sales. Send scandal. Pershing in de-camp to Mexico. Gen. a doilar for package of five Ever-Wear Seals. Then get Lieutenant Castleman received the Brehon B. Somervell, who commanded your dollar back with your first order for a dozen packages. Or, just send name for a free sample and Big- Distinguished Service Medal for his our Army supply services around the Money Sales Plan. This is too good to miss. Send name to—John Lawrence, Pres., Ever-Wear Seal Company, bravery as officer-of-the-day and retired world in WW2, was a first lieutenant 850 Main Street, Dept. AL-964, Lake Geneva, Wis. 53147. as a major in 1922. Maj. Frank Tomp- with the 2nd Battalion of Engineers at LEARN kins was promoted to colonel and re- the border. Another first lieutenant, ceived the DSM for his pursuit of the Courtney H. Hodges, became com- MEAT CUTTING raiders. In "Chasing Villa," a book which manding general of the U.S. 1st Train quickly In 8 short weeks at Army Toledo for a bright future with security In the vital meat business. Big pay, he wrote about the Pershing Expedition from Normandy to the Rhineland in full-time Jobs—HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OF YOUR OWNI Pay after graduation. into Mexico following the raid, Colonel WW2. Gen. Lesley J. McNair, killed in Jis. Diploma given. Job help. _____ „^^_«* Thousands of successful graduates. Our 41st year! Send now for big, new Tompkins called Lieutenant Lucas "the Normandy as commander of U.S. Illustrated FREE catalog. No obligation. G. I. Approved. NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING hero of Columbus." ground forces, was a captain of artillery Dept. A-52, Toledo 4, Ohio Lucas served with distinction as an at the border. Gen. U. S. Grant III, artillery officer in France in WW1 and chief of the protection branch of the HOW TO PUBLISH as a major general in WW2. He com- Office of Civilian Defense in WW2, was Join our successful authors in a complete and in Villa chase. reliable publishing manded the American forces in the a captain of engineers the program: publicity, advertising, Anzio landing, and was also the com- Another Pershing aide at the Border YOUR handsome books. Speedy, efficient service. Send for FREE manuscript manding general of the Fourth Army and was Lt. James L. Collins, who served as report & copy of Publish Your Book. of the last American Military Mission Secretary of the General Staff at Chau- CARLTON PRESS Dept. ALI BOOK 84 Fifth Ave., New York 11, N. Y. to China. He too received the DSM. mont in WW1 and commanded a bat- General Lucas died in 1949. talion of field artillery in the Meuse- New Table Top Invention Puts You In . . Argonne offensive. He died in 1946 at OF COURSE, THE PRINCIPAL result of 80 as a retired major general. He was an PROFITABLE RUBBER the Columbus Raid was General older brother of Gen. J. Lawton Collins, Pershing's expedition into Mexico six U.S. Army Chief of Staff, 1949-1953. STAMP BUSINESS Home Operators days later. In our infant "air force" [we first used now make $9.20 AN HOUR in Busi- Pershing failed to catch Villa because gasoline vehicles (mechanized cavalry) ness once monopolized byi a few big companies j he lacked sufficient mobility. Carranza, and airplanes in a real campaign in pur- Special rubber stamps bring high™ prices— cost only pennies to make i whose troops had been carried in the suit of Villa] was 1st Lt. Carl "Tooey" on new, low-cost table top machine, j Take 27 cents worth of material, United States by the Southern Pacific, Spaatz, who, after a succession of top make perfect stamps, the kind businesses and offices now buy by the dozen at $1.80 each. Makeup to would not allow U.S. troops on his rail- Army Air Force commands in WW2, be- $9.20 an hour. Start in spare time in your own home. Run machine on kitchen table using ordinary electrical outlet. roads. Everything had to be shipped by came chief of staff of the Air Force in Make any kind of stamp. We'll send you free information without obligation about this established, highly profitable White and Jeffery Quad trucks. And with 1947. Spaatz was with the 1st Aero business. We'll even help finance your start. For free information send name and address today on a postcard to: Pershing almost 500 miles inside Mexi- {Continued on page 44) Rubber Stamp Div. t 1512 Jarvis Ave.. Dept. r-b-kk, Chicago 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 43 When Villa Raided New Mexico arately to Canutillo in 1921. Villa bared Many Columbus residents filed claims against Mexico for their losses and in- (Continued from page 43) his bullet-scarred right leg and so charmed Miss Treadwell that she wrote juries in the raid. Fourteen claims were Benjamin Squadron at the border. Capt. in the New York Tribune that she would allowed after many years and these were Foulois commanded the squadron's half confidently trust him with either her paid finally at 57^ on the dollar orig- later, drafted a dozen biplanes. A year he money or her life. Her lengthy story was inally allowed. Of $785,532 asked, they a $640,000,000 aviation appropriation headed "A Visit to Villa, A 'Bad Man' won $75,855. Milton James, for ex- bill for WW1. Not So Bad" and concluded with the ample, received $11,000 for his wife's Also at the border was Capt. Hugh S. line: "Viva Villa!" death and his own leg wound. Mrs. Johnson, the salty character who, as a Seven Mexicans with a different view, Ritchie received a comparable amount retired general, was President Franklin however, shot Villa and three com- for the death of her husband. She de- D. Roosevelt's NRA Administrator in panions dead from ambush on July 20, posited it in a local bank. Next day it 1933-34. 1923. Villa was at the wheel of his open closed forever and she lost her money. The National Guard units that sat on Dodge on his way home from Parral at Insurance companies ruled Villa's the border were loaded with officers and the time. He was buried in Parral. raid an act of war and refused to pay men who had their first introduction to Vandals exhumed and decapitated his policies on the Commercial Hotel and a real military mission there, and who body three years later. A border adven- other buildings burned in Columbus. It would later distinguish themselves in the turer said he was taking the head to a Chi- became a boom town while headquar- world wars and Korea. Among them was cago scientist, but it was never delivered. ters for the Pershing expedition, but some the senior living Past National Com- of the destroyed structures were never mander of The American Legion, Han- replaced. The place declined rapidly ford J. MacNider. who came to the thereafter and in 1928 much of the town border with the Iowa National Guard. was sold for delinquent taxes. The He served with distinction in the 2nd Southern Pacific ended its train service Division in WW1, and commanded to Columbus in 1961 and this year took troops of the 32nd Division, the First up the tracks. Cavalry and the 158th RCT in some of the bloodiest fighting through New Columbus, N. Mex., has had better Guinea to the Philippines in WW2—in- luck lately. The population, which cluding the desperate Buna-Gona fight- was an official 305 in 1960, has grown to ing where he was wounded. some 340. While there are still ruins During the Pershing expedition Villa and boarded up buildings, the place is was wounded in the right leg and his prospering from irrigation and tourists, band scattered, but in a few months he and there is talk of a factory. The post again had a sufficient force to capture office had to be enlarged last year. Re- Chihuahua City from Carranza's men. sponsible for some of the mail increase In 1919, he was strong enough to be- is Bill McCaw, a merchant marine war- siege Juarez, Mexico, cutting off elec- rant officer in WW2, who has converted Courier into a tricity and turning irrigation water into the weekly Columbus the trenches of the defenders. But when colorful regional newspaper, The South- "Ah, there you are, Andrews—The Board circulation of 8,100, bullets began to fall across the border westerner. It has a was just considering your request for a going to all states and many foreign in El Paso, Tex., Brig. Gen. James B. parole." Erwin drove Villa away with artillery countries. MAGAZINE THE AMERICAN LEGION years, fire, cavalry and infantry from Fort Bliss. Every March 9 in recent Harry Gunderson, who was a bugler with the It was Villa's last threat to the border. Authorities refused to allow Villa's wid- 1st South Dakota Cavalry on the border His old enemy, Carranza, was de- ow to remove his reburied body to Chi- and now lives in retirement at Gila, N. posed and slain on May 21, 1920. The huahua City where she lives now, and Mex., returns to Columbus and sounds succeeding administration of Adolfo de where he had a marble family mausole- taps in memory of those killed there and la Huerta made peace with Villa three um built in his days of power. Another of his comrades of 1916. months later by giving him the 180,000- widow, Austreberta, sought in vain to Mexico Legislature en- acre Canutillo Hacienda near Parral, a have his body moved to Mexico City. The New tourists in 1959 by creating a permanent 50-man bodyguard, and by The grave and the assassination site, couraged park adjoining the town. agreeing to pay his 834 followers a marked by a plaque, now attract tourists 50-acre state how far public year's wages. Of these, 480 were privates who view them with curiosity and re- Its name, indicating is The Pancho Villa but they were led by nine generals, 23 spect. opinion can move, park extends to the colonels, 25 lieutenant colonels, 33 "Villa was a great sinner but had been State Park. The ruins of the adobe majors, 52 first captains, 33 second cap- greatly sinned against," wrote General southwest, includes Lieutenant Lucas lived tains, 34 first lieutenants, 41 second lieu- Scott in his autobiography "Some Mem- house in which Cootes Hill, be- tenants and 104 non-commissioned of- ories of a Soldier," published in 1928. at the time of the raid; dismounted; and ficers. Peons danced in the streets and "He had the germs of greatness in him hind which the raiders bands played Villa's marching song, La and the capability of higher things under a beautiful collection of cacti. Cucaracha (The Cockroach) as he de- happier circumstances." Scott died be- It contains a museum with a growing mobilized at San Pedro, Coahuila. The lieving that Villa had not intended to collection of Villa relics. Mrs. Luz Cor- settlement cost the government about raid Columbus but that his hungry men ral de Villa, his Chihuahua City widow, $2,000,000. got out of hand. A fantastically inaccu- visited this last year and gave it a field used to cut in Villa settled down at Canutillo with a rate 1933 biography of Villa placed him telephone that Villa had numerous household, and old quarrels 200 miles away in Casas Grandes at the on lines along the track while campaign- Mayor seemed ended. He courteously received time of the raid. It was the basis of the ing by train. By way of thanks, newswriters Frazier Hunt and Sophie successful motion picture Viva Villa J. V. Carreon made her an honorary end Treadwell when they made their way sep- with Wallace Beery as the bandit leader. citizen of Columbus! the

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THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 45 TIBET—WHERE A FORTRESS GROWS IN BLOOD will not go down without a fight, though (Continued from page 16) there is little hope that a nation dedicated to peace will be able to resist Despite this ever increasing threat on to let the rest of Asia know who was the the brutal effort of men trained to war, its frontiers, India has failed to take any number one power on the continent. In but we understand that the United Na- decisive action. When the Red Chinese addition, they occupied areas that would tions has decided to stop aggression invaded Tibet, India used its influence make good jumping off places for future whenever it takes place . . . [our italics] to stop the United Nations from even attacks, and captured the Buddhist mon- "We (Tibetan) Ministers, with the condemning the communist aggressors. astery at Towang. The latter was the approval of His Holiness the Dalai The late Prime Minister Nehru gave Dalai Lama's first haven in India when Lama, entrust the problem of Tibet in them a completely free hand, and, in he fled Tibet, and the communists this emergency to the ultimate decision 1954, agreed to hand over all Indian wanted it for symbolic reasons. of the United Nations, hoping that the property in Tibet, mostly trading sta- There is every reason to expect an- conscience of the world will not allow tions. When the Dalai Lama sought other round in this war. China's popula- the disruption of our State by methods asylum in India in 1956, he was advised tion explosion continues, and the areas reminiscent of the jungle." bv the Indian Prime Minister to return south of Tibet become more and more The United Nations did nothing. home because Red China's Chou En-lai desirable. Communist infiltration has When the communists launched their had promised Nehru that Tibet would been stepped up and the reds are whip- 1950 attack, the Dalai Lama left his pal- have complete autonomy. ping up Himalayan tribes. Now Indian ace in Lhasa and set up headquarters Repeated warnings of an eventual at- intelligence believes that a rail line from near the Indian frontier. But when the tack on India were virtually ignored. China to Lhasa will be completed within world turned its back on the Red Chinese Several excellent articles analyzing the a year. onslaught, he was forced to return and danger appeared in India and elsewhere The danger will increase, but there is sign a 17-point agreement that allowed (one was in U.S. News & World Report, little indication that India is seriously a communist occupation of Tibet. The June 1954). Very early, Red Chinese preparing to fight. India will not help Ti- Chinese "guaranteed" local autonomy maps of Tibet ominously included parts betan guerrillas for fear of antagonizing and religious freedom, and "promised" of India. In 1954, there were several the communists. Inefficiency and local not to change the political system or in- clashes between border patrols. Com- corruption are holding up the construc- terfere with the Dalai Lama. munist infiltrators crossed into India. tion of needed Indian military installa- Under the Dalai Lama's leadership, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan. Eventually tions in key areas. Morale is down. In- most Tibetans tried to cooperate with the this activity led to Bhutan's breaking air force is weak. These and other dia's Red Chinese occupation army as much trade relations with the communists. In problems have convinced many U.S. as possible. But the communists prompt- 1959, Red Chinese were claiming that military men that India has little military ly broke all their promises, and started Bhutan, Sikkim and Tadakh, a part of potential. to communize the land. The Tibetans India, belonged to Tibet. The Red Chi- leaders think that the Some Indian resisted, and the Chinese used ever in- nese began teaching some of its a real Army next Chinese attack will mean creasing force against a people who re- officers the languages of these areas. determined not to allow war. They are fused to surrender. Even the communist air bases built near to conquer selected areas the communists As their hold tightened, atrocities be- its borders in 1960 didn't seem to arouse in a limited war on red terms. They came more numerous and more bar- India's leaders. hit at China. They are cer- would back baric, until today the roll call of crimes S. India's chief- tain that the outside world will get in- Gen. K. Thimayya, in that remote country is nearly endless. of-staff, inspected border defenses that volved. Thousands of pitiful refugees witnessed year and announced confidently that the We are part of that outside world, the Red Chinese savagery and brought Indian Army was in effective control of and the tale of what the growing military the terrible news to the outside world. the entire border from "Ladakh to the bastion in Tibet will mean to the outside The most complete record has been com- Northeast Frontier." The Indian govern- world is for the future. piled by the International Commission of ment first discovered that the commu- If it is as grim as the first half of the Jurists in carefully documented findings nists had occupied a large section of story—Tibet's immediate past— it will that cover hundreds of pages. My own Ladakh a year later, when it was reported be grim indeed, for that half of the tale interviews of Tibetan refugees in Nepal in the Red Chinese press! is so unspeakable that some of it is un- and discussion with Thubten Norbu, the General Thimayya said he was not printable. It starts in 1950, when the Dalai Lama's brother, confirmed the "perturbed" by "heavy concentrations world took little notice of the naked ag- Commission's reports. along some of our border areas," but ad- gression against peaceful Tibet. Tibetans are the gentlest people I've mitted he was unhappy about the "inten- On "the 27th day of the ninth Ti- met anywhere in the world. They seem tions" behind the buildup. betan month of the Iron Tiger Year" dazed by their dreadful ordeal as they

( November 7, 1 950) , a pitiful plea to the tell, in soft voices, about the systematic In 1962, the whole world discovered United Nations for help came from destruction of their religion, the kidnap- what these intentions were. Red Lhasa. Only the tiny Central American ping of children to China and the many

China and India were in a border war, republic of El Salvador moved to put it other atrocities to which they have been and the result was never in doubt. The on the agenda of the United Nation's subjected. communists had the manpower, equip- General Assembly. In a sustained red propaganda cam- ment and superior position. The Indians The Tibetan appeal to the UN made paign, every phase of their religion was had very bad leadership. The reds won clear the issue. It said in part: attacked until the Dalai Lama cried out, ". everything they wanted, and were satis- . . China is bent on not allowing "Our religion is going, our race is going. fied —for the moment. Tibet to live in peace . . . We are going to be wiped out by the Chi- The communists had attacked for two "While negotiations were proceeding nese."

main reasons. They needed part of La- . . . Chinese troops, without warning or Youngsters were forced to witness ex- dakh for a western section of the im- provocation, crossed (into) Tibetan ter- ecutions and were told that they would

portant Tibet-Sinkiang highway. And ritory. . . . meet a similar fate if they were religious.

they wanted to give India a bloody nose "We can assure you . . . that Tibet (Continued on page 48)

46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 ^

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Have them write oner you are of crippling mental habits fast as HABITS WITH HABITS YOU CAN Making, Public-Speaking, Worry-Con- long it takes each morn- down the list so they won't forget it! . . . now you BE PROUD OF? trol, Conquest of Fear, and many But, as they give you each fact, YOU ing to get your mind going with Then get ready for the revelation more! are going to perform a simple mental adding-machine speed and certainty! life of your on page 103 .. . that Yes! Here are dozens of simple IS trick on that fact, that will burn it into I BELIEVE THAT YOUR MIND replaces agony with fun . . . that actu- techniques that your mind, IN PERFECT ORDER, enable you to over- WORKING TODAY AT ONLY 5% ally lets your bad habits break them- come crippling emotions, and keep as long as you wish! TO 10% OF ITS TRUE POWER — selves without your hardly touching your And then — INSTANTLY AND thoughts headed straight for SIMPLY BECAUSE YOU DON'T your will power. each goal! Showing you how to think RIGHT TO AUTOMATICALLY—you are going KNOW THE WAY YES! AND DO YOU WANT TO clearly and effectively in any situation FEED IT DIRECTIONS! to repeat that list, backwards and GENERATE . . . — make decisions without agonizing forwards, in perfect order, exactly as ENTHUSIASM Simply because you don't know the FRIENDLINESS . . . PERSON- delays — learn vital facts and figures if you were reading that list in your right way to feed your mind prob- ALITY at a glance — work at full friend's hand! And you are going to AT AN INSTANT mental lems — so clearly and logically that power, all day long, have one of the most exciting moments COMMAND? for weeks and those problems half-solve themselves even months on end! of your life, as you watch the expres- Then read every word starting on before you even touch them! sion on those people's faces as you page 165! 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AL-1 | The Very First Hour After you have glimpsed before in brief 23 West 47 Street, New York, New York 10036 | flashes . . . now brought to the surface You Pick Up This Book, I try Harry Lorayne's — organized with simple formulas to Gentlemen: Yes, want to a copy of amazing new book SECRETS OF MIND POWER, entirely at your risk. 1 am You Will Perform double their potency — and placed i enclosing the low introductory price of only $4.98 complete. I will forever at your beck and call, ready A Feat Of Mind Power use this book for a full ten days at your risk. If I am not completely go to work for you at the blink of That Will Astound to delighted ... if this book doesn't do everything you say, I will simply an eyelash! return it for every cent of my money back. Friends! Your For example — If you wish your order sent C.O.D., CHECK HERE! Enclose $1 What you are going to do in that DO YOU WANT TO DEVELOP good-will deposit. 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down the book. Review in your own one simple exercise . . . and thrill to Address mind the one simple secret I've shown your ability to absorb huge amounts you — how to feed facts into your of information — easily and swiftly City Zone . .. State mind so that they stay there — perma- even in a room filled with half a — EXECUTIVE RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC., 1964 nently — as long as you wish! dozen howling children!

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE . SEPTEMBER 1964 47 Tibet—Where a Fortress Grows in Blood nail hammered into his forehead. Thub- In many cases Tibetan girls have been (Continued from page 46) ten Norbu described to me what the raped repeatedly by groups of soldiers. communist troops call the "red flower." In regions where there is trouble for the Physical extermination of religious A prisoner is buried up to his neck and occupation army, red soldiers disguised symbols has been carried out on a vast his skull is split until the blood covers as Tibetan rebels attack native girls in scale. The Dalai Lama reported that by his head. an effort to turn the local population 1958 the communists had destroyed over The use of slave labor started soon against the anti-communist forces. 1,000 monasteries. No one can say how after the 1950 invasion. At first Tibetans manv have been seized and demolished were forced to serve as pack animals to PERHAPS THE CRUELEST of all the COm- since. carry supplies in Tibet, while thousands munist crimes in Tibet is the kidnap- were used for stables. The Temples were deported to work camps in China. ping of some hundreds of thousands of sacred butter lamps of the Buddhists Then, to meet the priority on building a children to China in the systematic era- during were extinguished holy days (a transportation and communications sys- sure of all Tibetan identity. As many as sin in itself) spitting on them. People by tem, the murders eased off. Hundreds 10,000 have been taken in a single con- were forced to walk on prayer books. of thousands—perhaps millions—of Ti- voy. Fathers and mothers have been or- Scriptures have been used for toilet pa- betans were spared the quick death to dered not to weep, and have been exe- per by red troops. scratch out roads in some of the most cuted for protesting too vehemently. In Religious objects made of metal were rugged territory on earth. Now, deporta- Chomcho, a mother was burned alive for melted down, and metal from them of tions to China's concentration camps refusing to send her daughter to China. significant value was shipped to China. have stopped almost completely as the There have been numerous suicides by Monks, lamas and other religious lead- need for labor in Tibet has increased. heartbroken parents. A refugee from the ers are today being used as slave labor, By 1960, the New York Times carried Amdo region told the International and thousands of them have been tor- reports that half a million Tibetans were Commission of Jurists that beginning in tured and executed. Even more cruel to working on a railway line. A year later 1954 all children in the area under 15 these dedicated men is the Red Chinese Arthur Bonner commented in the Satur- were sent to China. He said, "Parents campaign to degrade them before their day Evening Post on the Lanchow-Lhasa were warned that this was the order of people. Monks have been yoked in pairs railroad: Mao Tse-tung and that the penalty for

and made to pull plows by soldiers with "If ever completed, it would be a mon- refusing was execution. No one dared to whips. Other monks and lamas were put ument to the Communists' ability to use oppose. No one has heard from the chil- in pits and the local population was slave labor." dren who were taken away." He reported forced to urinate on them. Women as well as men are freely used that babies were taken from the homes in forced labor, and passing travelers are of parents within ten to 15 days of birth The Communists have been especially frequently pressed into work gangs on by a special Chinese medical team. "The anxious to force the Tibetan holy the spot. people were told that the newborn babies

men to betray their vows of celibacy. Twelve hours is the normal day's labor belonged to the communists and were to They have ordered monks and lamas to for slaves, and if the quota isn't met be looked after by the Chinese." have relations with women, and in many their rations are withheld, so that work Inside China the children are scat- cases the penalty for refusal is death. far into the night is also common. Work- tered. They do not study their own lan- Prostitutes are paid a bounty for each ers usually sleep in open trenches, often guage or anything about their own her- celibate they can seduce. without protection against the bitter cold. itage. Few ever return home. In one case, the local people were as- Death is commonplace from cold, hun- Those children who stay in Tibet are sembled at a monastery where an old ger, illness or just plain exhaustion. The taught only the Chinese language in lama was to be forced to marry. He policy is to work them until they die, school. Books on Tibetan history and pleaded for execution instead and was and to treat these slaves as completely culture have been destroyed. The com- tortured to death. He is but one of count- expendable. Refugees have told of the munists have tried to turn the children less Tibetan Buddhists who died terrible setting off of dynamite blasts on road against their parents. They are told to in- deaths rather than betray their vows. construction without bothering to clear form the authorities of any "bad Torture and death among the general the area of Tibetan work gangs. Tibetan thoughts" at home. In Khay, a boy was populace on a mass scale is routine in suicides are frequent, usually by diving made to beat his mother "to abolish the Tibet. The Dalai Lama's brother, now in into the icy rivers. In a single incident, on old customs." A teen-ager in Ba-Jeuba the United States, told me there have one small project in the Motogongkar beat his father for having a prayer wheel been half a million executions in Tibet. area, seven Tibetans, men and women, and a rosary. The father committed sui-

In addition to shooting and hanging, drowned themselves in despair. cide. At Datsedo, a 1 2-year-old girl was countless Tibetan refugees have seen Few can escape, for military outposts forced to shoot her father for being an their countrymen drowned, beaten to now are found nearly everywhere in the "imperialist agent." death, strangled, buried alive, burned to land. Troops patrol the streets of Lhasa The threat of kidnapping causes many death and crucified with nails. and all large towns, where only the aged Tibetans, who cannot escape themselves, In an atmosphere of planned mass are normally seen on the streets. Tibetans to send their children alone through the murder, the sadists among the Chinese have been wantonly shot by troops who Red Chinese lines and across the frozen took over. Tibetan victims have been were hunting or taking target practice. mountains to a lonely freedom. They join kept alive for days, sometimes with the Others have been shot down by Red Chi- the nearly 100,000 Tibetan refugees who

help of medication, while undergoing nese soldiers for complaining about ill have gone before them. fiendish tortures. They have had their treatment or failing to pay "proper re- Matching many times the number of lips cut off for begging for a quick death. spect" to the conquerors. It is common Tibetans who flee from Shangri-La are Prisoners have had boiling water poured for Tibetans to be run down by military the Chinese who are coming in. Before on them. They've been spread-eagled to vehicles. One witness from Lhasa told of the red invasion, less than 1% of the pegs on the ground while their abdomens seeing a man run down from behind by population was Chinese. By 1959, five were slit open. One old man was dragged a truck as he was going around in a "holy million had settled in Tibet, not includ- over rough ground until his intestines circle," a religious rite. The driver didn't ing military and civilian personnel in the came out. Another man had a red hot bother to stop. occupation forces. In late 1960, they

48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • S EPTEMBER 1964 were estimated to comprise three-fourths Army buildup was an increase in Chi- zang, deputy security officer for the Red of the population. Today, according to nese air power. Army in the Chepha area of Tibet, de- Thubten Norbu, five out of six people In 1958, bitter large-scale battles were fected to India, where he told a press in Tibet are Chinese. The Tibetan lan- fought. But by 1959, the red buildup conference that 50,000 Tibetans were guage isn't used in public. All white col- was complete, especially the strengthen- slaughtered after the revolt was crushed lar work is done by the Chinese; Tibetans ing of the air force. Without anti-aircraft in 1959, thousands more were tortured, are only allowed to do menial jobs. weapons or a single plane, the Tibetans and entire villages were wiped out. Among the Chinese settlers are many never had a chance. Somehow, the Tibetans continue their families, but a large number of single Backed by overwhelming force, the struggle for freedom. In 1960, heavy men are also included. Local women are communists broke their nine-year un- fighting broke out again, with casualties forced to marry the Chinese. If already easy truce with the Dalai Lama. In reaching into the thousands. In March married they may have their husbands March 1959, they moved to capture him of this year, 10,000 rebels were active in and children taken from them in order in Lhasa, but, he refused to leave his pal- the wilds of southern Tibet. Most of their to wed a Chinese. ace and the people rallied to his defense. arms had been captured from the reds. While both sides prepared for a show- Further uprisings were reported by Na- The communists have conducted down battle, his advisers insisted that the tionalist Chinese intelligence in May. campaigns of mass sterilization in Dalai Lama leave the country to avoid Thubten Norbu says that although nearly several areas of Tibet. Many of the meth- capture or death. Disguised as an ordi- all organized opposition has been ods used are clearly experimental, and nary pilgrim, he left the palace through crushed in the Lhasa area, it continues not a few have been fatal. Although some secret passages and fled the city under elsewhere. In the western and eastern women have also been forced to submit cover of darkness. Accompanied by his ends of Tibet there are units of up to to these experiments, most of them have mother, brother, sister, six aides and 71 1,000 men, but their weapons are very been performed on men. tough warriors, he made one of the most old, and they must be very weary. The verdict: genocide. The Chinese incredible escapes in all history. While As the full story of communist atroci- are erasing the Tibetans from the face thousands of Red Army soldiers hunted ties in Tibet began to come to light in of the earth, while using the last genera- for him, the Dalai Lama crossed some 1959, the Hindustan Times of New tion of them to build a red fortress in of the roughest terrain in the world on Delhi, India, spoke for the entire Free their own land. foot and horseback. World in an editorial: The Tibetan people fought against Chinese reconnaissance planes and "Let us hold our heads low. A small communist aggression from the begin- bombers covered all known trails to the country on our border has paid the ulti- ning, but they were not prepared to set frontier and paratroops were dropped at mate penalty for its temerity to aspire

up organized opposition. As the atroci- strategic passes. As they hunted him to independence. Tibet is dead. ties increased, Tibetans began operating down, the communists, confident of kill- "Much else could die with Tibet if we in large groups. In 1955, full-scale guer- ing him, told the world the fantastic lie do not even now heed the warning." rilla war was possible. Red Army out- that the Dalai Lama had been kidnapped That was no idle statement. A report posts and patrols were attacked. Military by ''reactionaries." Despite bitter cold from Gangtok, Sikkim, in midsummer convoys became a favorite target for and icy winds, the party moved at unbe- 1964, noted that the Chinese have moved Tibetans operating from ambush sites in lievable speed over numerous deep three infantry divisions to the Sikkim rough terrain, and, by 1956, the Red Chi- gorges and other natural obstacles. The Tibet frontier, mined the area, sur- nese could hardly use the roads. Large 300-mile trip to India took 15 days. rounded their corps headquarters with areas of the country were under the con- The Dalai Lama, symbol of Tibet, was AA guns, and built a new airfield with trol of guerrillas despite large communist safe—but the war went on as the com- wide strips. To the same border they also reinforcements, including tanks. More munists established firm control of much sent two divisions of "progressive Ti- ominous for the Tibetans than the Red of the country. In 1960, Dhondup Lowa- betan youths" who have been brain- washed in Chinese communist schools. At the same time a former Red Chi- nese engineer, Huang Yung-sheng, arrived on Formosa. He had defected from Nepal where the Nepalese had been let- ting China extend one of its Tibetan highways right into the capital of that

little state. From Formosa, Yung-sheng reported that the Red Chinese "ambassador" to Nepal had urged the Chinese road workers in Nepal to be "vanguards of the proletariat revolution," and by infiltration, propaganda, subversion and bribery to undermine the Nepalese social system. Five hundred of the "road workers" were Chinese troops in plain clothes, said Yung-Sheng, who had smuggled light weapons to Nepalese subversives. He also reported that while Nepal had required that the new highway bridges be limited to eight-ton capacity, the Chinese secretly raised the bridge capacity to 60 tons for the easy passage of military vehicles. "There's that man who owns the oil wells." The modern story of Tibet has just be-

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE gun, it seems. the end

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 49 . .

IF FOOTBALL'S SECOND SEASON YOU (Continued from page 23) HAVE RUPTURE to continue approval of bowl games the most get the thumbs-down treatment. following year. There is virtually a two-year lag even it is important that you The new policy has kept bowl games if a new bowl is approved. Bowl games Get this NEW FREE BOOK at a minimum over the last decade, but proposed following the 1963 season, for generally This New FREE Illustrated Book tells how has given them better teams example, cannot be played before the Rupture can be treated by a mild NON- and increased stature. Bowl promoters, end of the SURGICAL METHOD and THAT THE 1965 season. TREATMENT is backed by a Lifetime Cer- restricted to not more than 25% of the Once the bowl promoter has the pre- tificate of Assurance. The book explains that, although many gross receipts, no longer look upon the cious letter of approval from the people have not heard of, or have been games as a source of direct profit. misinformed about the non-surgical treat- Sig- N.C.A.A., he has merely earned the right ment, it has a long history of use and is nificantly, all of the major bowl games to begin negotiations with member col- recognized by authorities today. Many men and women from all over the today are run on a non-profit basis. The leges. This is the tough part of the job. country have taken the NON-SURGICAL host cities take their advantage from the is so TREATMENT and have reported it has No one coy as the athletic director proven effective. spending done by the influx of visitors. of a nationally rated college football Write today for this New Free Book that tells HOW and explains WHY more and Still, new bowl games pop up and old team smelling a possible bowl bid. As- more sufferers are using MODERN NON- SURGICAL Methods of treating their rup- ones die almost every year. Hardiest of suming his team is free to accept any tures. Act Now. No obligation. the Johnny-come-latelies is the Blue- bowl offer (the various conferences have EXCELSIOR MEDICAL CLINIC bonnet Bowl in Houston, Tex., succes- different attitudes; the Big Ten sends one Dept. E 1140 Excelsior Springs, Mo. sor to the Oil Bowl. Certified by the team only, the Southeastern Conference OUTFIT STARTS YOU IN N.C.A.A. in 1959, it passed its toughest as many as five), the athletic director big moneyshOE BUSINESS! test last December 21, when 50,000 casts about for the best offer. Run your own profitable 'shoe store' hardy Texans out in 37-degree First choice, is business from horns in spare or full came of course, a spot in one We give FREE— com- time. you— weather to watch Baylor beat Louisiana of the Big Four bowls. 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F 413, CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. has never been a successful bowl game and also the "guest" team, which will Made $ 900 in Spare Time in New York, but an ambitious commit- probably continue to be the Big Ten champion under an informal continua- I made about $900 last year tee headed by William A. Shea, the man with my Foley equipment by sharpening saws in my who brought the baseball Mets to New tion of an expired contract. None but a spare time. 11 Leo H. Mix. York, is working hard to guarantee a Big Ten team has been invited to Pasa- No Experience Needed With a Foley Automatic strong Eastern team as host. Mayor Rob- dena for the past 18 games. Saw Filer anyone can sharpen hand, band and cir- ert F. Wagner, an honorary chairman, With the Southeastern Conference cular saws with professional accuracy. No canvassing — has okayed the use of city-owned Shea champion traditionally committed to the business comes to you. Stadium. will probably be car- and the Southwest Confer- We Help You Start, wegive The game Sugar Bowl you inside tips on how to build ried over national television. ence champion committed to the Cotton FREE BOOKLET a sound repeat business; how "Money Making others have succeeded in this The Tobacco Bowl, being promoted Bowl, the four "open" spots—two in the profitable saw tiling business. I Facts'* shows how to tart. Write today. m*\* m\w MFG. COMPANY Bowl, in the Bowl, Bldg. by a group of businessmen from the Orange one Sugar and No salesman will call. Fill FY Foley 1 Wfcli I MdIs. 18. Minn. Raleigh area, headed by John I. Barnes, one in the Cotton Bowl—are the most has been working for a bowl game in eagerly sought by the college teams. But the Raleigh-Durham area since 1961. only the very best receive serious con- gl lbe a TAX CONSULTANT] . sideration by the prestige-conscious bowl Income unlimited in ever growing profession. Our stu- The project has the unofficial approval dents are earning lucrative fees in dignified full or committees. part time home-office business preparing income tax of the Atlantic Coast Conference, whose returns during busy tax season. Many operate profitable to hosts "It before the season Business Tax Service with steady monthly fees of member teams are expected be gets real wild just No bookkeeping experience necessary. We $10-$50. in the stadium of North Carolina State ends," says a veteran coach, who occa- train you at home and help you start. Licensed by N.T. Education Dep't. No agent will call. Write for College. sionally observes teams for one of the free literature. National Tax Training School, Monsey, R 17 N. Y. "Too many bowl promoters are more bowl committees. "Each of the big bowls concerned with a television contract than has people who do nothing but watch BORROW BY AIRMAIL with gate receipts," says an N.C.A.A. different teams every week during the 00 46 official. "The fact that a game is or is not season. They start with the pre-season «44 et?*1008 televised has a most important bearing favorites, the ones with flashy running

NO embarrass nf inveitiga upon the financial success of the contest, backs or All-American quarterbacks. lions; NO ttpr esenlative wil tall on you. Collateral and are also concerned about popular Most of the bowls like a team that passes not required but we all art ranted loans 1 on you is ptrsonal siRna support for these games." a lot. Toward the end, everybody zero- EXAMPLE For the would-be promoter of a new ing in on a handful of teams." Cash You Ctl Repay Monthly still recall some, if not all, of $82740 $3700 college bowl game, things are tough in- Many $93069 $4100 deed. A letter of intent must be sub- last year's bowl games with pleasure, $100846 $4400 mitted to the annual meeting of the either as "live" or TV spectators. BANKERS INVESTMENT C0..11-W Binhcrt in*. 3 iae . Hutchimon, Kant. S7501 N.C.A.A. Extra Events Committee in Texas downed Navy, despite its great

AMOUNT t NEED ["Mr. Geo. Gustafson, AsstV.P January, giving information on the date, quarterback, Roger Staubach, in the Cot- BANKERS INVESTMENT CO. H-W Bankers In*. Bldg., Hutchinson, Kans. 6750 site, promoters and their financial assets. ton Bowl; Illinois took the measure of PIMM ruin "Loan ft fretmint" in plain envelope six such applications are re- Washington State at Pasadena; Nebraska Name Age. About new ceived each year and examined carefully. edged Auburn at Miami; place kicker

Address . Occupation Final approval or disapproval is voted at Tim Davis's four field goals enabled City ZIP*. the annual N.C.A.A. convention, and Alabama to win 1 2-7 from Mississippi in

50 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 .

the Sugar Bowl; North Carolina was an don't overmatch it, if you can help it. easy victor over the Air Force Academy Then you have the makings of a good in the Gator Bowl and Baylor was tri- game, with natural fan appeal (at least umphant over Louisiana State in the from supporters of the "local" entry). Bluebonnet Bowl at Houston. But as any shrewd bowl promoter knows, The Sun Bowl and the Liberty Bowl the game is a cake that must be liberally were the only other spots open for major iced with pageantry. And here, as much college teams. Both picked up some un- as in the caliber of football played, is usual pairings, more of necessity than where they separate the big bowls from design. The Liberty Bowl sponsors the little bowls. Pays Up to $1,000 a Month. Car Furnished matched a good Mississippi State team For years, the Orange Bowl has em- —the fifth Southeastern Conference phasized bands, floats and pretty girls in Be an Accident member to accept a bowl bid—with staggering numbers. The game is actual- North Carolina State, co-champion of ly part of a two-week Orange Bowl Fes- Investigator the Atlantic Coast Conference. Ironical- tival package that includes two parades, No Previous Experience or ly, they were to come up with the closest two football games, a tennis tournament, Higher Education Needed Mississippi State a powerboat regatta, a fashion show and of the bowl games, with A half- million accidents a day create a won- emerging with a 16-12 victory. a fireworks pageant, not to mention the derful money-making opportunity for men 20 to 60. Let us show you how to get into this most lavish half-time show of any of the The Sun Bowl, moving up to major business. Train at home in leisure time. Dave bowl class with a new 30,000-seat sta- bowls. Durant jumped his income to $7,500 at once. Wm. R. Peck made $943.00 in days! In transforming the Orange Bowl into 5 Lots of men are earning up to $8 an hour part time. a night game this year, the committee Art Victoria writes: "I recommend Liberty School to anyone has added many new touches to create seeking a better life". Work for Others, or Be Your Own Boss what a spokesman calls "the first big Today there are good openings in every state. night sports spectacular." The King Step right into this increasingly important field through Orange Jamboree Parade, which will our special method of training you at home. Many men begin part time, while hold- wend its way through the streets of ing another job—expand to full time later. Com- Miami on New Year's Eve, will consist pany investigators get many extras, such as auto, entertainment expenses, family insurance, of 40 bands accompanying 50 floats, retirement program. Our placement service each equipped with its own 10,000-watt provides FREE employment help. Many insurance firms are looking for men with our training. lighting generator. Let Eric McNair prove he can show you how The Orange Bowl already has excel- to get launched in this exciting. new business in a matter of weeks! Your first check might lent lighting for a night game, and the easily pay for entire course. Send today for pre-game and half-time shows on New FREE BROCHURE. No obligation. (We are approved as a Private Business School by the Year's night will be enhanced by brilliant State of Illinois.) Mail coupon or send post- colored lights. The National Broadcast- card for brochure to Liberty School, Dept. 959, 1139 W. Park, Libertyville, Illinois, ing Company will carry the game in liv- i MAIL TODAY FOR FREE BROCHURE 1 ing color. - I Eric P. McNair, President, Dept. 959

I LIBERTY SCHOOL OF CLAIM INVESTIGATING I Libertyville, j 1139 W. Park, Illinois Bowl this past New I Rush me your Free Brochure describing: Big Money Op- Cotton \ The I portun ities in the Booming- Accident Investigating Field. I This does not obligate me, and no salesman will call. Year's morning staged an extrava- 1 the State Fair Grounds, ganza at Texas Name Age | built around the theme, "Tales of the j Address "You were born in India, have a good Southwest," replete with floats, the Cot- | , j

City Zone._„.State I memory and like peanuts." ton Bowl Queen and a Maid of Cotton j THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE for good measure. During half-time at the game itself, the 300-piece Texas band dium in El Paso, had to settle for South- took a back seat to the Rangerettes of TURN 58c INTO $6.00 CASH PROFIT ern Methodist, a six-time loser, and Ore- Kilgore College, a group of 60 precision- AT HOME IN SPARE TIME— METALIZING gon, a team whose All-American half- high-kicking young ladies in cowgirl out- Now you can invest 68c in material and get back $6.95 and make $6.00 for your time in this fascinating home back, Mel Renfro, was doubly ineligible fits who would make the famed Radio business. Hundreds make good extra money in side- line work. So Easy— so much Fun! "Eternalize" to injury City Rockettes scurry to look for their baby due and having signed a pro shoes, other keepsakes. Big market everywhere. No contract. The battle of the have-nots Social Security cards. face-to-face selling. Write for facts FREE, plus financing plan. No obligation. No salesman will call. came off surprisingly well as both teams The Rose Bowl, as befits its eminence, WARNER ELECTRIC, 1512 Jarvis, Dept. M8KK Chicago 26, III. took to the air for a total of 62 passes puts all its pageantry into the annual before Oregon won it, 21-14. Tournament of Roses parade, a two-hour It is interesting to note the geographi- spectacle through Pasadena that is strict- How cal breakdown of the 16 major bowl ly limited to 60 major floats, 20 bands, To Stop teams that played last year. The South and 200 thoroughbred horses. There is Athlete's provided seven of them, including five no limit on human beings, and about Foot Itch INSTANT from the Southeastern Conference and 1 ,200 took part last year. The only dec- RELIEF! At first sign of itching, two from the Atlantic Coast Conference. oration permitted on the floats is fresh cracking, peeling be- flowers, and in judging the best entry The Southwest chipped in three teams, tween toes, apply Dr. all members of the Southwest Confer- the cards are admittedly stacked in favor Scholl's Solvex for fast ence; the West Coast, two; the Rockies, of floats using roses. The floats are built relief! Amazing medication works three ways: 1. Instantly stops the one (Air Force); the North Central around an annual theme, such as intense itching; 2. Kills Athlete's Foot fungi States, one (Nebraska); the Midwest, "Dreams of the Future," "Melodies in on contact; 3. Promotes rapid healing! Oint- one (Illinois) ; and the East, one (Navy) Flowers," and this year's "Symbols of ment, Liquid, Powder or Push-button Spray. The formula for bowl games is ob- Freedom." vious : Get a good team from nearby and (Continued on page 52) D-'Scholls SOLVEX

THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • SEPTEMBER 1964 51 FOOTBALL'S SECOND SEASON RUSK FOREIGN POLICY THE TELEVISED WINTER GAMES ON (Continued from page 51) DATE GAME NETWORK (Continued from page 5)

No discussion of bowl games and ex- Dec. 19 Liberty Bowl at merits and ordinary men and women all Atlantic City, N. J. ABC tra-season contests can be complete with- Dec. 19 Bluebonnet Bowl at over the world arc engaged. out mention of those first cousins, the Houston, Tex. ABC "And that is where our greatest Dec. 25 North-South Game at all-star games. An unusually hardy Miami, Fla. ABC strength lies. You know, of course, that breed, the all-star games refuse to recog- Dec. 26 Sun Bowl at El Paso, Tex. NBC this country has in the military field al- nize any season or climate. They flourish Dec. 26 American Football League Championship (pro) ABC most unimaginable strength. But the sim- in Buffalo in June, when the Ail-Ameri- National Football Dec. 27 League ple, direct, human commitments of the can Football game is played. They in- Championship (pro) CBS Jan. 1 Sugar Bowl at American people arc a source of our vade Chicago in mid-summer, when the New Orleans, La. NBC greatest strength. These arc commit- College All-Stars, the cream of the play- Jan. 1 Cotton Bowl at Dallas, Tex. CBS Jan. 1 Rose Bowl at Pasadena, Calif NBC ments that we share with ordinary men ers who graduated a few months earlier, Jan. 1 Orange Bowl at and women in practically every other draw close to 100.000 sweltering fans Miami, Fla. (night) NBC for their annual pre-season battle with Jan. 2 Gator Bowl at country. Jacksonville, Fla. ABC "The authors of our Declaration of the defending champions of the National Jan. 2 East-West Game at Football League. San Francisco, Calif. NBC Independence felt that those were deeply Jan. 3 American Football League rooted in human nature and in the rela- All-Star Game (pro) ABC With the exception of the East- Jan. 3 Playoff Bowl at tion between man and God. People have Miami, Fla. (pro) CBS West Shrine Game in San Fran- been thinking about these things for more Jan. 9 Senior Bowl at Mobile, Ala. NBC cisco, which brought 60,128 spectators Jan. 9 Hula Bowl at than two thousand years, and something into Honolulu, Hawaii ABC Kezar Stadium to watch last year's that has been worked on for two thou- Jan. 10 Pro Bowl (National Football 6-6 tie. none of the post-season all-star League All-Stars) (pro) NBC sand years can kick up some pretty games ranks with the major bowls in fan fundamental ideas. appeal. The Senior Bowl at Mobile, Ala., "So we never have to argue with peo- drew 37,094 fans on January 4, despite drew crowds of less than 30,000 in 1961 ple in other parts of the world on what the fact that it is an "outlaw" in the and 1962, went over 35,000 in 1963 and people are after. Our com- N.C.A.A. books. Not only does the Sen- then shot up to 54,921 last January 5, the American

ior Bov/I adopt its own playing rules (in a game which saw the Green Bay Pack- mitments are known and recognized and the most recent game, the trailing team ers beat Cleveland, 40-23. More impor- respected. The complications come in

was allowed to either kick or receive tant, it pulled over 1 1 million TV view- how to get on with them in a complex ers. after scoring a touchdown ) , but it pays and ticklish situation and how these gen- the players—who immediately lose their Too, that Playoff Bowl success, as well eral principles apply to a particular sit- amateur standing and any remaining as the good showings of the all-star uation. amateur athletic eligibility. Since all of games of both professional leagues, may "These commitments are the source the players are seniors, and most of them inspire the National Football League to of our great alliances. They mean that in are ready to sign professional contracts, move its championship game pro foot- — times of crisis there is not so much neu- the stigma is as easy to bear as a slap on ball's top attraction —to a permanent site tralism as you would suppose. the wrist. in either Miami or one of its warm- "We are allied with countries because The North-South Game, played at weather stadiums in Dallas or Los An- want to help preserve the independ- Miami last December 21, drew only 19,- geles. The last three championship we 120 fans even though home town hero games, in Green Bay, New York and ence of states, and they know it. Our George Mira of the University of Miami Chicago, have been played in subfreez- chief interest in the so-called unaligned was quarterbacking the South team. With ing temperatures, and critics have argued countries is in their genuine safety and the advent of the professional Playoff that it is hardly fair to watch superior genuine independence—so that they can Bowl, between the Eastern and Western teams play inferior ball because of such work with us in places like the United foul-weather conditions. Commis- runners-up in the National Football NFL Nations. League, fixture in sioner Pete Rozelle tends to agree with now an annual Miami "We can look into the future with a the Sunday after the Orange Bowl Game, them, although where this leaves the sea- great deal of confidence, even though the North-South game may be in trou- son-in season-out loyal northern and east- there is a lot of hard work to be done ble. ern ticket buyers is anybody's guess. and there are still burdens to bear in this With the better ball played by the pros, Until the pros' Bowl games become as as the collegians, football's business. We have got a million men in it was only natural that their sponsors important uniform outside the continental United should seek extra season contests. After second season still belongs to the under- graduates. just as soon as the lads States ashore and afloat, and they have all, there's money in it. And can get this fall's 4,000 scheduled games in a Recently, Thomas W. Moore, presi- got to have our support, support played, the fun begins all over again. dent of the American Broadcasting Com- lot of ways, to see if we can get this job the end pany's television network (which is done without committing them to com-

showing five bowl games), advocated a bat, if possible. We have got to have our super-bowl for the national college space program. We have got to have a t0 championship. The other bowl games good lusty defense budget for the fore- would serve as eliminations under his CURE MORE If seeable future. scheme. He also came out for a pro "Now it's going to mean some taxes, championship playoff between the NFL GIVE MORE to II a good many taxes. But I don't think that and AFL titleholders. the American people are going to be too And the pros might just come up with ll AMERICAN much concerned about packing a load some new wrinkles after the success of the purposes to which this country the Playoff Bowl under the auspices of CANCER SOCIETY for the Orange Bowl Committee. The game is committed." the end

52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • S BER 1964 new, low-cost SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE hospital plan protects YOU and YOUR FAMILY against staggering medical and prolonged hospital expenses PAYS YOU s100°° A WEEK

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IRRITATING EYEGLASS MARKS? UNCOMFORTABLE SLIP AND SLIDE? RUPTURED?

Soft concave pad 4r ^ BEFORE supports like palm of your hand! Wear foam soft CUSH-N-GRIPS PERSONALIZED Deluxe Pocket Stamp! at all times to prevent irritation is support Print your own name, address, city and and unsightly eyeglass pressure designed to torn muscles not to spread them. Avoid slipping and sliding, — state. Has many uses . . . stationery, books, marks! No ball, no elastic, no springs — comfortable, etc. completely invisible in use. SELF labels, Complete with ink pad—$1.00 durable, washable, sanitary. New literature available. ppd. ROYAL RUBBER STAMP CO., P.O. Box ADHESIVE, APPLY IN SEC- ONDS AND FORGET ABOUT 1285, New Rochelle, N. Y. Sold on money-back guarantee. I YOUR GLASSES! Great for ear- J9» rings and hearing aids. Supply of Specify Left or Right | Double -— $12.95 24 nose cushions and 12 ear tabs Refieves rupture misery — gives comfort and security in plastic case. ONLY SI. 00 PPD. Send measurement around hips; diameter of rupture. "The ORIGINAL eyeglass pads." SAFE-WAY COMPANY - Dept. A 94 • Birmingham, 5 '- 753 Lomb Avenue Ala. MOOALITIES.Inc.TJn^a^^rrY'.

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EXPECTATIONS However you judge it Your vacation budget PARTING —No matter how checked and corrected— Will show, when you plan Your expenses, you can Expect they'll be more than expected. SHOTS Berton Braley FOR STRING SAVERS A woman's bikini is a suntime string. Mary Markley

DIARY OF A DEJECTED DIETER I've taken every fad up, But lately I've a sinking Feeling they don't add up To more than wishful shrinking. Betty Billipp

SURE THING Some women like a man with a past; others like a man with a future, but they all go for a man with a present. Philip Thomas

FACIAL FACT Women used cosmetics in the middle ages— So report researchers, historians and sages. Such facts don't astonish me one little bit- Today in middle ages they still haven't quit. S. Omar Barker

SWITCH

. . . and then there was the one about

the hunter who disappeared. . . Some- thing he disagreed with ate him. G. E. Johnson

LONDONERS WE DON'T BELIEVE IT EITHER The friendliest people, A young man walked into a pawnshop, pawned a valuable camera and Who always insist then proceeded to select and buy a wedding ring from a nearby counter. On welcoming visitors The following day he returned with the bride, pawned the wedding ring, Into their mist. redeemed the camera, stepped outside and photographed his bride in all Stephen Schlitzer her wedding hnery. Two hours later the couple returned, pawned the camera and the wed- HOW'S THAT AGAIN?

ding dress, selected two pieces of luggage . . and left on their honeymoon. Be a noncomformist like everybody

Lucille J. Goodyear else. Dell Lind SHE'S PERSISTENT The attractive, but slightly dizzy stenographer had been late every morning for a week and repeated warnings from her employer had no effect. Finally, she was called into the boss' office. "Miss Jones." he said in exasperation, "I am tired of talking to you about your tardiness. Therefore, I am suspending you for one day without pay. When would you like to take the day?" "Well, if it's all right with you," was her quick reply, "I'd like to use it up being late." F. G. Kernan

NO COACHING, PLEASE A young man was sitting on the couch with his girl proposing to her and the girl was constantly interrupting him as he stuttered and stammered and tried to get to the point. She kept explaining just what he should say next—supplying a remark he should have said instead of the one he did say—and the suitor was soon simmering. Finally he jumped to his feet, jammed his fists deep into his pants pockets and looked stonily at the girl. "If you don't mind," he said through clenched teeth, "will you please let me proceed to louse up the rest of my life in my own way?" Dan Bennett

POINT OF VIEW

"Isn't it just too sweet, dear?" asked the wife, trying on a new fur coat. "No," replied the husband firmly. "It's just too dear, sweet." "We've had an exciting evening. Howard K. H. R. Simkin rolled off the davenport a while ago—

56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE « SEPTEMBER 1964 . . . are very special men. Men that stand tall above the crowd. Men that came from all walks of life; represent every field of business; embody all racial and religious backgrounds. On the surface these men are completely different. Yet they are alike! They are alike because of a single belief—a belief so strong that they have fought to preserve it. They believe in the American Way of Life. That very belief has united these men in The American Legion. The symbol of this strength of belief is the blue and gold

American Legion Cap worn so proudly by all . . . men of distinction. SEAGRAM-DISTILLERS COMPANY, N. Y. C. BLENDED WHISKEY. 86 PROOF. 65% GRAIN NEUTRAL SPIRITS.

Of all the glasses that will be filled tonight, more will hold Seagram's 7 Crown than any other whiskey. It's the sure one. The taste is that impressive— the satisfaction that complete. Long drink or short, sweet or sour.

Seven / Crown

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Seagram's 7-The Sure One -never lets you down