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13887-001.Pdf FEDERATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIETES DE SCIENCES NATURELLES B.P. 392 - 75232 PARIS Cedex 05 er J*^ ^ Association régie par la loi du 1 juillet 1901, fondée en 1919, reconnue d'utilité publique en 1S K 5L^< <»• Membre fondateur de l'UICN - Union Mondiale pour la Nature La FÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIÉTÉS DE SCIENCES NATURELLES a été fondée en 1919 et reconnue d'utilité publique par décret du 30 Juin 1926. Elle groupe des Associations qui ont pour but, entièrement ou partiellement, l'étude et la diffusion des Sciences de la Nature. La FÉDÉRATION a pour mission de faire progresser ces sciences, d'aider à la protection de la Nature, de développer et de coordonner des activités des Associations fédérées et de permettre l'expansion scientifique française dans le domaine des Sciences Naturelles. (Art .1 des statuts). La FÉDÉRATION édite la « Faune de France ». Depuis 1921, date de publication du premier titre, 90 volumes sont parus. Cette prestigieuse collection est constituée par des ouvrages de faunistique spécialisés destinés à identifier des vertébrés, invertébrés et protozoaires, traités par ordre ou par famille que l'on rencontre en France ou dans une aire géographique plus vaste (ex. Europe de l'ouest). Ces ouvrages s'adressent tout autant aux professionnels qu'aux amateurs. Ils ont l'ambition d'être des ouvrages de référence, rassemblant, notamment pour les plus récents, l'essentiel des informations scientifiques disponibles au jour de leur parution. L'édition de la Faune de France est donc l'œuvre d'une association à but non lucratif animée par une équipe entièrement bénévole. Les auteurs ne perçoivent aucun droits, ni rétributions. L'essentiel des ressources financières provient de la vente des ouvrages. N'hésitez pas à aider notre association, consultez notre site (www.faunedefrance.org). et soutenez nos publications en achetant les ouvrages! La FÉDÉRATION, à travers son comité Faune de France a décidé de mettre gracieusement, sur Internet, à la disposition de la communauté naturaliste l'intégralité du texte d'Eugène L. BOUVIER consacré aux Décapodes marcheurs publié en 1940. Ce volume est actuellement épuisé et ne sera pas réédité. Cet ouvrage est sous une licence Creative Commons pour vous permettre légalement de le dupliquer, le diffuser et de le modifier Montpellier, le 6 avril 2007 le Comité FAUNE DE FRANCE Creative Commons créative ©commons GOMMONS DEED Paternité - Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale - Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique 2.0 France Vous êtes libres : •de reproduire, distribuer et communiquer cette création au public •de modifier cette création Selon les conditions suivantes: © Paternité. Vous devez citer le nom de l'auteur original. Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale. Vous n'avez pas le droit ® d'utiliser cette création à des fins commerciales. Partage des Conditions Initiales à l'Identique. Si vous modifiez, transformez ou adaptez cette création, vous n'avez le droit de distribuer la création qui en résulte que sous un © contrat identique à celui-ci. •A chaque réutilisation ou distribution, vous devez faire apparaître clairement aux autres les conditions contractuelles de mise à disposition de cette création. •Chacune de ces conditions peut être levée si vous obtenez l'autorisation du titulaire des droits. Ce qui précède n'affecte en rien vos droits en tant qu'utilisateur (exceptions au droit d'auteur : copies réservées à l'usage privé du copiste, courtes citations, parodie...) Ceci est le Résumé Explicatif du Code Juridique (la version intégrale du contrat). Avertissement ^ Découvrez comment diffuser votre création en utilisant ce contrat FÉDÉRATION FRANÇAISE DES SOCIÉTÉS DE SCIENCES NATURELLES OFFICE CENTRAL DE FAUNISTIQUE Directeur honoraire : P. de BEAUCHAMP Directeur : L. CHOPARD FAUNE DE FRANCE 37 DÉCAPODES MARCHEURS PAR E.-L. BOUVIER MEMBRE DK L'iNSTITUT PROFESSEUR HONORAIRE AU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE (Avec 222 figures et 14 planches) PARIS PAUL LECHEVAL1ER ET FILS, 12, RUE DE TOUHNON (VI«) 1940 Collection honorée de subventions de l'Académie des -Sciences de Parts (fondation P. Bonaparte et Loutreull). de la Caisse des Recherches Scientifiques, du Ministère de l'Agriculture et du Ministère de l'Éducation nationale. PRÉFACE Dans la vaste classe des Crustacés, les Décapodes Marcheurs occupent pour nous une place de choix, parce qu'ils offrent un intéressant spec­ tacle aux yeux les moins avertis et des matériaux d'une singulière richesse aux travailleurs scientifiques. Le présent volume est écrit pour satisfaire aux besoins de ce double public, surtout du second. Sans doute existent déjà quantité d'ouvrages analogues, mais les au­ teurs de ces ouvrages se sont tous restreints aux espèces d'un étroit do­ maine : BELL (1853) aux Décapodes britanniques, BALSS (1926) et SCHEL- LENBERG (1928) à ceux de l'Allemagne, NOBRE (1936) aux formes portu­ gaises, HELLER (1863) à celles de l'Europe méridionale, et PESTA (1918) aux Décapodes adriatiques. Ici, le programme sera beaucoup plus vaste ; il s'étendra non seulement à toutes les eaux françaises, mais à celles de la Méditerranée entière avec ses dépendances, et à l'Atlantique oriental depuis le sud de l'Islande et la Norvège jusqu'aux limites de la Maurita­ nie. En outre, tenant compte des trouvailles réalisées par l'exploration des profondeurs, il étudiera certaines formes des abysses qui remontent jusqu'au plateau continental (environ 500 mètres) où se limite vers l'O­ céan, depuis la côte, le champ des espèces qui rentrent dans le cadre envi­ sagé. A vrai dire, pour certaines espèces des profondeurs et pour quelques autres situées aux limites extrêmes du cadre, il s'agira parfois d'une simple esquisse caractéristique, et non comme pour les autres d'un examen assez approfondi ; mais de toute manière, le chercheur ne courra pas les risques de se trouver en présence de matériaux sur lesquels il aurait la déception de rester sans lumière. Afin d'être aussi moderne et complet que possible, l'ouvrage fera une part convenable aux changements faunistiques introduits dans nos ré­ gions par les activités multiples et toujours croissantes de l'industrie hu­ maine : migrations d'espèces dans les deux sens par le Canal de Suez, transport de formes exotiques par les bateaux ou par toute autre voie, et acclimatation de ces formes. Ainsi, dans le domaine qu'il embrasse, l'ou­ vrage sera la mise au point de l'état faunistique à l'époque et dans le pays où nous vivons. Et pour donner aux esprits une trame solide où doivent trouver place BOUVIER 1 o DÉCAPODES MARCHEURS et se relier entre eux les types étudiés, l'auteur a cru nécessaire, dans la partie générale, de mettre en relief les caractères essentiels de l'organi­ sation et du développement, dans la partie spéciale d'insister sur les traits qui enchaînent les groupes et en jalonnent pour ainsi dire l'évolution. Depuis près d'un demi-siècle, on est fixé sur l'origine homarienne des Crabes par l'intermédiaire des Dromiacés ; mais pour savoir que les Homa- riens conservent la double expansion proépipodiale des Branchiopodes, c'est- à-dire des Crustacés les plus primitifs, il a fallu reconnaître une pleuro- branchie cicatricielle dans l'organe tympaniforme signalé par HUXLEY (1878) à la base des pattes postérieures de l'Écrevisse. Bien plus, on sa­ vait, depuis BOAS (1880), que les Crabes dromiacés semblent servir de point de départ à tous les autres Crabes, mais les processus de cette déri­ vation restaient bien mystérieux. On verra plus loin qu'ils s'effectuent suivant deux voies : d'un côté, par certaines formes abyssales qui ratta­ chent directement aux Dromiacés les Crabes oxystomes ; de l'autre par un groupe qu'avait proposé DANA (1852), celui des Corystiens, qui doit s'étendre jusqu'aux Cancer ou Crabes tourteaux, et duquel se sont déta­ chés séparément les Brachyrhynques et les Oxyrhynques. Quant à ces derniers, par la structure de leurs pédoncules antennaires, ils ont eu pour point de départ les Maïadés et pour formes terminales les Macropodes. Ces derniers sont de petits Oxyrhynques ; ils portent de très longues pattes comme le géant des Crustacés, Macrocheira Kaempfferi, espèce japonaise qu'on rangeait pour ce motif dans leur voisinage ; mais la longueur des appendices est un caractère fallacieux, Macrocheira n'est rien autre qu'un Maïadé gigantesque à longues pattes, plus primitif même que les Alaia et par suite fort étranger aux Macropodes. Le volume est illustré de 14 planches et de nombreuses figures disposées dans le texte. Les figures des planches sont des reproductions photogra­ phiques fort bien exécutées par M. LE CHARLES, soit d'après nature, soit d'après les ouvrages de divers auteurs, notamment de Henri MILNE-ED­ WARDS ; j'ai eu souvent recours aux superbes dessins que l'illustre zoolo­ giste avait fait exécuter par d'habiles artistes pour les Crustacés du «Règne animal ». Quant aux figures du texte, elles sont originales pour la plupart ou tirées de mémoires que j'avais antérieurement écrits, soit seul, soit en collaboration avec A. MILNE-EDWARDS. J'ai dessiné moi-même au crayon les figures originales, et toutes les figures de l'ouvrage ont été très fidèle­ ment exécutées à la plume, ainsi que leurs lettres, par M. SÉGUY. C'est un agréable devoir pour moi de rendre hommage à ce très dévoué collabora­ teur, non seulement pour son travail à la plume, mais pour le soin qu'il a eu de réunir par groupes les figures du texte et des planches ; la besogne était délicate ; qu'il reçoive ici l'expression de ma vive et affectueuse gra­ titude. Il m'est également agréable de remercier les gens de Science qui m'ont prêté leur concours pour l'exécution de l'ouvrage : le regretté Charles PRÉFACE 3 GRAVIER et son successeur M. FAGE qui m'ont accueilli dans leur labora­ toire où l'excellent M.
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