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Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Technical Report of Major Findings

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Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Technical Report of Major Findings 2020 Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Technical report of major findings By Tilo Massenbauer Prepared for the Shire of Esperance 6/18/2020 ESPER-855161 Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Massenbauer T 2020416 1 Acknowledgements The Author thanks and acknowledges the following contributions to this document: • Cover Artwork: Tjaltjraak Mooraak, Walkabout at Kepa Kurl by Donna Beach (Ninnon) Donna Beach (Ninnon), artist and direct descendant of the Bullenbuk people of Esperance. Copywrite of the artwork is with the Department of Biodiversity Conservation and Activities (DBCA) © • Esperance Museum Archivists Jen Ford for providing access to Pink Lake Archive Information. • Peter Lister WA Salt Supplies for providing recorded information regarding annual salt harvest information • DBCA for providing access to wetland data, and permission to use Ninnon’s artwork. • John Curnow, Production Manager BASF Australia at Hutt Lagoon for insights and analysis on D. salina • John Simons, Senior Research Scientist, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development for the provision of the Pink Lake Hydrological study and Geographic Variation of Salt Precipitation over Western Australia papers. • Community photos of Pink Lake provided by Patricia Birch (front cover, 1985), Steven Ellen, Kylie Ryan, John Lizamore, C. Green, and Wayne Foote. • Dan Paris, Bauhaus Films for providing professional drone captured images of Lake Warden during the March 2020 D. salina colouration bloom. • Collaborating partners John Lizamore and Selvarajah Marimuthu for technical support documentation, updated data during the 2020 summer period and editing input to this report. Photo courtesy of Dan Paris, March 2020 – Esperance, Lake Warden D. salina bloom Disclaimer • While the material in this document has been created with all due care, the Author does not warrant or represent that the material is free from errors or omission, or that it is exhaustive. • The material in this document is provided on the basis that the user is responsible for assessing the relevance of its content. • The Author will not accept liability for any loss, damage, cost, or expense that may occur as a result of the use of or reliance upon the material within this document. ESPER-855161 Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Massenbauer T 2020416 a Contents Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... a Disclaimer...................................................................................................................................................... a Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Document Scope ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Background ................................................................................................................................................... 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Biology - colouration ................................................................................................................................... 10 Present day Lake Warden and Pink Lake colouration............................................................................. 14 Pink Lake versus Lake Warden – Pink versus Orange ............................................................................. 21 D. salina pink bloom threshold summary ............................................................................................... 22 Pink Lake and climate change ..................................................................................................................... 23 Pink Lake bathymetry volume model ......................................................................................................... 25 Measuring salinity correction ..................................................................................................................... 27 Pink Lake salt modelling .............................................................................................................................. 30 Critique of historic Pink Lake hydrology modelling ................................................................................ 30 Pink Lake pre 1980 surface salt loads. .................................................................................................... 31 Pink Lake salt inputs ................................................................................................................................ 33 Pink Lake D. salina salt requirements ..................................................................................................... 36 Pink Lake 30 per cent salinity increase scenario ................................................................................. 38 Pink Lake 50 per cent salinity increase scenario ................................................................................. 39 Pink Lake salt summary ........................................................................................................................... 41 Salt source – Lake Warden .......................................................................................................................... 42 Salt brine harvesting ............................................................................................................................... 47 Salt crust harvesting ................................................................................................................................ 50 Pink Lake salt target feasibility summary ............................................................................................... 53 Salt target scenarios – 1991, and 1983 ............................................................................................... 54 No nothing or pre-1900 full salt recovery ........................................................................................... 54 Pink Lake salt trial ....................................................................................................................................... 54 Esperance district coloured lakes tourist drive ........................................................................................... 56 Study Uncertainties ..................................................................................................................................... 56 ESPER-855161 Esperance Pink Lake Feasibility Study Massenbauer T 2020416 b Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................. 58 References .................................................................................................................................................. 60 Appendix1 Esperance Pink Lake historic salt harvesting research summary ................................................ i Appendix 2 Pink Lake historic biological pink colour research summary ..................................................... x Appendix 3 Pink Lake Depth Volume tables ...............................................................................................xiii Appendix 4 Pink Lake and Lake Warden Water quality Durov Diagrams explained (Lizamore 2020) ....... xv Appendix 5. Examples of D. salina light intensity and colour variation.................................................... xviii Appendix 6 Lake Warden Catchments nutrient export maps...................................................................... xx Appendix 7. Esperance district coloured Salt Lake tourist drive .............................................................. xxiii Figures Figure 1 The Lake Warden Wetland System and Lake Wheatfield pipeline route in red ............................. 2 Figure 2 Dunaliella salina cells in different culture conditions. (A) Green cell from a non-stressed culture. (B) Stressed cell turning orange. (C) (Ramos et.al 2011) ............................................................................ 12 Figure 3 Esperance annual rainfall totals from 1957 to 2019 and Power trendline line. (Raw data sources BOM SILO) ................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 4 Esperance monthly rainfall totals from 2014 to 2019 for lake water quality sampling period post Wheatfield Pipeline (Raw data sources BOM SILO) .................................................................................... 24 Figure 5 Pink Lake depth observed data (Raw data source DBCA) and calculated volume from 2014 to 2019 ............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 6 Georeferenced 1986 contour map (Raw data source Hurle 1986) .............................................. 25 Figure 7 Pink Lake depth GIS DEM derived from 1986 contour information (Raw data source Hurle 1986) ...................................................................................................................................................................
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