·Dhananjayarao Gadgil LibrBl}'

1111111 lUll lUll 1I11 lUll 11111 UIIIIU GIPE-PUNE-002875 STATESJIEN SERIES.

PRINCE ~IETTERNICH.

~ (.All Ri;;T.ls ltesffI't1erl.) , ) METTERNICH. STATESMEN SERIES.

LIFE OF PRINCE METTERNICH

BY

COLONEL G. B. MALLESON, c.s.i.

SECOND EDITION, WITH PORTRAIT•

•

• LONDON: W. H. ALLEN· & cn, J"IMfTED, 13, WATERLOO PLACW. PALL MALL, S.W. THE STATESMEN SERIES.

Crown 8uo, Cloth Gilt, ls. eaoh. With Portrait.

VOLS. I.-VII., READY.

GLADSTONE. By H. W. Lucy. BISMARCK. By CUARLn LoWE, M.A. MARQUESS WELLESLEY. By Col. G. B. MALLESON, C.S.I. VISCOUNT PALMERSTON. By LLOYD C. SANDERS. MARQUIS OF DALHOUSIE. By Captain L. J. TBOTrEB.

LORD DERBY. By T. E. KRBBEL.

BEACONSFIELD. By T. E. KEBBEL.

NEXT VOLS.

METTERNICH. By Colonel MALLE SON, C.S.I. PRINCE CONSORT. By CUABLOTrE M. YONGE •• • PREFATORY NOTE.

• I

IN writing this Sketch of' the statesman whose ca,eer ClCCupies so great a space in the history of Europe for fifty years I have consulted, amongst others, the following works: (1) "The Autobiography of Prince Metternich" ; (2) Binder's "Fiirst Clement von Metterriich und s~in Z~ital~r.. 1836"; (3) "Neuer Plutarch," vol. v.; (4) Thiers' "Histoire du Consulat et de rEmpire"; (5) Capefigue's "Diplomates Contemporains"; (6) Ger­ vinus's Geschichte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts"; (7) Maurice's "Revolutions of 1848-49"; (8) Alder­ stein's "Chronologisches Tagebuch der· Magyarischen' Ilevolution"; (9) "Napoleon and his Detractors." . G. B. 11. CONTENTS.

- P..... CHAl'TEB L lWrLy TIw:!rnm. 1713-1806 1

CHAl'TEB H.

TIm Emwsr '1'0 pAIIJ& 1806-1809 15

CIIAl'TEB m

~ 'DIll WAB (w 1809 '1'0 'DIll ~ ..,. 1I0S1l0W. 1809-1812 ,.

CHAl'TEB IV. :r- 'DIll WJ5TIIB Qp 1812 '1'0 'DIll A.mosrroII .. PI.mlrtms. 1812-1813 80

ClIAl'TER v. Pm. 'DIll AIummcB OP I'I.msWrm '1'0 'DIll ~AL .. Ho. • 1M: CH.APTxa n PIIOx 'DIll B£'ftDJI OP a. .AmallmmI ID' PI.Jmnms '1'0 'DIll FALL OP liAl'OLBolr. A.uGwr. 1813, 'J.'O HABCB, l81i· • 120

CIIAPrEB VII. TIm CImE JIDOBII 'DIll HmmBIID DA,JIt-AJID AftBL llA-, 1814, 'J.'O NpYBIIBBB, ISla. ~.• .a '9. U9 viii CONTENTS.

PAGE CHAPTER VIll.

TBE CONTINENTAL SYSTEM 01' METTERmcu; ITS RISB .A.'ID PROGRESS. 1815-1830" '. 142

CHAF1'ER IX.

THE D'ECLINB AlID FALL 01' METTERmCIJ's SYSTEM DT EuBoPB. 1830-1848 171

CHAPTER x..

CoNCLUSION-CHABA()T.Im. 1848--1859 • • 191 hroEX • • • • 198 INDEX.

A. Altenburg, iu Hungary, the Frecch and Austrian foreign ministers .AL~ANDE~ Czar of Russia, is meet at, to negotiate peace, 52 ; desirous,' in 1805, to induce negotiations at, 54-56; strange Prussia to join him against incident which terminated the Napoleon, 11; visits Potsdam, negotiations at, 57~2. 12; signs a treaty with Prussia, Aspem, tJide Essling. 12; insists upon fighting at Austerlitz, Mettemich is married Austerlitz, 13; regards Napoleon at. 7; the Emperor Alexander in­ as a Corsicau adventurer, 16; sists upon fighting at, 13; the signs the peace Clf TilsH. 23; battle of, is followed by the Peace interview of, with Napoleon, at of Pressburg, 15; was fought Erl'urt. 31, 32; vainly attempts against the ad vice of the Emperor to preserve peace between France Francis, 16, 17. and' Austria, 43,44; quits . St. Anstria, Ferdinand, Emperor of, Petersburg for Wilna to meet the the concessions made by, dis­ preparations of Napoleon,. 76; please Mettemich, 176; intellect receives Mettemich' at Opocno, and training of, note to 176. 105; gains confidenoa in. him, Austria, Francis Joseph, Emperor 106; and signs the treaty of of, nature of intercourse of, with Reichenbach, 107, 108; strives Metternich, 191-193. to have Moreau made com­ Austria, Francis, Emperor of, suc­ mander-in-chief of the allied ceeds his brother Leopold, 5; forces, 120; yields to Metter­ notices Metternich and tells him nieh's inlluence, 124;' arranges, to hold himself in readiness for in Metternich's absence and his orders, 8; sends Metternich against his views,' for the re, to Dresden as minister, 9; and mova! of Napoleon to a sovereign afterwards to Berlin, 10; confers position at Elba, 126; requires upon him the cross of St. Stephen, the whole of Poland as his share 14; was opposed to fighting at of the pluuder, 129, 1~0; regards Austerlitz, 16, 17; encourages Metternich as a permanent Metternioh to accept the embassy obstacle to his' designs, 130, 131 ; to Paris, 17; requests Metter­ feelings of, regarding Castlereagh nich to examine and report on and TaUeyraud, 131; confesses the advisability of peace or war his sins to Metternich and is with France, 34; preparations absolved, 154; divergence of the for war, made by, 42; authorises • policy of, and that of Metternioh,' seizure of the bearer of French regarding Greece, 162, 164; death despatohes and thus precipitates of, at Taganrog, ]64. war, 44, 4!1: is joined by Metter- INDEX. 199'

nich before :Wagram, 49; wit.- I the of, 91, 93;: incident re­ De&!eS the two days' battle of garding the army of, ROte to 93; Wagram, 49; refuses, then con­ generous treatment of, by Austria, Mnts, to send Prinoe John of ,131-134; king of, writes to Liechtenstein ae negotiator to Metternioh that he declines to Napoleon, 57, 58; ratifies peace, perjure himself; 151; follows ~2; appoints Metternieh foreign Metternich's poUey of repression, minister and ehaneellor, 63 ; asks 162; awakens, 185. lIetternich to speak to Marie Bautzen, Napoleon wins the battle Louise on the subject of a of, 97, 105; mistake of Neyat,

marriage with Napoleon, 64; is o 105; effeet on Metternich of the informed by Metternieh of hattle of, 106. Napoleon's intention to wage war Baylen, effect of the catastrophe of, with RIlSllia, 71; accompanied by on Metternich and on Napoleon, his Empress, meets Napoleon at 23,2,1,. Dresden, 76 ; is merely the Berlin, the state of parties at, in monthpieoe of Metternieh, 98, 1804-5, deseribed, 10, 11. 99; elfee! of the letter of, on Bliieher, characteristic remark of, Napoleon,. 103; proceeds, with as he notieed the glories of St. 1tfetternioh, to Gitsehin, to be Cloud, 140. . 0 near to Alexander and N apoleou, Bubna, Count, appointed Austrian 106; auti-Napoleonic dealings of, military commissary with Napo­ 118, 119; engages in war against leo~ 53; is sent to the Emperor Napoleon, 120; is swayed by Francis to propose the ,despatch Metternieh against Napoleon, ofPrinee John of Liechtenstein to 126: spares Bavaria to indemnify Napoleon, 57; again, 58; is sent Austria in Italy, 132 : is regarded to Paris to negotiate with by Metternich ae if .. made for Napoleon, 82: is sent to treat him," 154; meets the Czar, with Napoleon at Dresden,l.03: attended by Metternieh, 160-163; happy inspiration of, 103; re­ dies, 176. turns to Vienna. with proposals for an armistiee, 104. B. BADEII' follows Austria's poUey of o. repression, 162; awakening of, 185. CAllBAOEBils, the Arch-Cha.neellor, BarelII)' de Tolly urges a retreat advises Napoleon to Iroot direot behind the Oder after Bautzen, with Russia, 82. 104. Ca.nning, Mr., poliey of, not a.gree­ Bassano, Duke of, the confidential a.ble to Metternich, 160,166, 167; minister of Napoleon in 1813, hopes entertained by Metternich ad vises Napoleon to choose on the dea.th of, 169. Austria as a mediator, 83; ad­ ea..lsbad, Conferenee of, 149, 150. dresses" a fatal letter" to Aus­ Ca.stlerea.gh, , declares toot the tria, 83, 85; arranges a meeting la.nguage of Na.poleon proved of Metternich with Napoleon at toot he would a.ceepi 'no reason­ Dresden, 106, 109; is present at able terms, 87 ; interview of, with the seeond interview between Mettsrnieh, a.nd opinion of the, Napoleon and Mettemich at la.tter of, 127; Alexa.nder finds Dresden, 117. him "cold and pedantic," 133; Bavaria, MetkrnicJieintrigues with suggests the deportatiou of 200 INDEX.

Napoleon to St. Helena or St. to succeed Count Stadion at th& Lucia, 135; regrets of Mrttemich St. Petersbur~ embassy, but i& on hearing of the suicide of, 159. - objected to by Napoleon, 15. Caulaincourt, Count, is ambas­ Colloredo, Count, is replaced by sador of France at St. Peters­ Count Stadion at the Austrian burg, 34; advises Napoleon to foreign office after the peace rf treat direct with RUBBia, 83. Pressburg, 15. Champagny, Count, record -made Confalouieri, Count Federigo, Met­ at the time by, of the scene temich's treatment of, 158. between Napoleon and Metter­ Constan1ine, prediction by MetteI-­ nich in 1808, differs materiall y niOO regarding the succession of. from the record made at a later to the throne of Russia, 164, 165. period by the latter, 24-29; is very reticent in his commuuications to Mettemich, 39; proves to Met­ D. terniOO tbat France has not been deceived by Austria, 43, 44; sends DEAlt, FRANCIS, begins to take 8t Mettemich his passports, 45; lead in the Hungarian constitu­ conversation of, with MetterniOO, tional party, 176; at Vicnna, 46, 47; is appointed to Dresden, Metternich is appointed negotiate with MeUernich after Minister at, 9; his description of the combat of Zuaim, 52; negoti­ the Conrt of, 9; Congress of ations and pout'parlen of, with Emperors and ..t, 76; MetterniOO, 55-57; abrupt ending remarkable conversation of to the negotiations of, 58-63- Napoleon with Metternich at. Charles X. succeeds his broijJ.er 77; Napoleon at, 105; historical Louis on the throne of France, interview between Napoleon and 163; mistaken views of Metter­ - MetterniOO at, 109-116; battle nich regarding the liberalism of, of, won by Napoleon, 122, 123; and of the Dauphin. 163, 164; great results of, neutralised by expulsion of, from France, 170. the accident of Kulm, 123; Charles Albert, King of Sardiuia, MetteruiOO with difficulty escapes concedes some advantage to the to,191. canton of Ticino, 179 ; forces MettemiOO to abate his preten­ E. sions, 179, 180. Charles, Archduke, plans of, for the EmGRES, French, influenoe of, on war of 1809, 42; crosses the the mind of Metternich, 5. Rubicon, 44; a nervous attack Erfurt, proceedinga of the {amoue 'paraIyses the energies of, at the interview at, are a sealed book crisis of the battle of Essling, 46; to all but four, 32. commits the mistake of retreating Essliug, battIe of, ought to have been won by the Austrians, 48. on Boh~mia instead of on Hun­ gary or Moravia, 51; resigns the Europe, situation of, at the time command to Pri_ John of Metternioh undertook the em­ Liechtenstein, 53, 55. bassy to Paris in 1806, 17, 18; Charles Felix, King of Sardinia, situation of, in 18-18, 185; in action of, relative to Mazzini, 1859,193. 173. ChatilIon, Congress of, abortive F. eirorls of the, 128. FLEURY DE CSABOULON, M., visits Cohl>llZl, Count Philip, is designed Elba, and 'l'~mB the impres- INDEX.- 20~

sion that Fl'llnce is longing for History and Rom~nee, mistaken the retom of Napoleon, 136,137. ideas of, regarding the, of Russia, Fmn09 is accorded, in 1814, the 165. . boundaries of 1792, 131; prico Holy Alliance, the, origin and. demanded of, for her complicity pOlpose of, 142-144. with Napoleon, 141. Howe, Lord, refuses to allow Met­ Frankfort visited by Metternich, 4 ; temich to join the English fleet again in 1792, 5. _ before the battle of June 1st, 6,7. Hun~ry, dealing of Mettemich with, 174-177; relations of be­ G. tween, and the House of Habs­ burg, 174, 175; mode of Met­ GENTZ, FREDERICK, correspondence tprruch in his transactions with, of, with Metternich, 78; opinion 178. of, of Alexander, 107; exposOle Hundred -Days, prominent part by, of the plundering instincts taken by Metternich in deciding of the Allies after 1814, 131-133; the action of the Allies during divines the illiltincts of Alex· the, 137-140. ander, 132, 133. Gitschin selected, for reasons given by the Emperor Francis and I. Metternich, to be their head­ quarters dOling the armisti09 of ITALV is regarded by Metternicn l'leiswitz, 107. as "a geographical expressIon," Graham, James, opens the 132; treatment by Mettemich of, letters of M azzini at the Post­ 150; resuscitation of, 172-193. Offi09 and communicates their contents to the Austrian Govern­ ment, 179. Greece, the qnestion of the inde­ J. pendence of, puzzles Metternich, 162-1640; the independence of, JOHN, AncimuxE, inexplicable con­ acknowledged, 168. duct of, at the battle of W"gram, Grunberg, villa of, aesigned to 49, 50; indicates to Metlemich Metternich, 46; adventure at, 47. the necessity that he resign, 189. John, Prince of Liechtenstein, suc­ ceeds the Archduke Charles in H. command of the Austrian army, and negotiates an armistice with HAGlJE, THE, Metternich is ap­ Napoleon, 52; Napoleon asks pointed ambassador at, 6; ia that, be sent to Vienna, 57: two visited by Metternich, 7. ,·ersions of the mission of, 58-61 ; - Hardenberg, Baron, is the partisan previous negotiations of, with at Berlin of the Austrian Alli­ Napoleon, 60; arranges terms of ance, 10. peace. with Napoleon, 61; con­ Haugwitz, Count, is the partisan clusion that he was empowered at Berlin of the French Alliance, so to act, and therefore so acted, 10; ia despatched to the French 63. head-quarters, 12; and ia fooled Jo.ephine, the Empress, entertains by Napoleon, 13.' Mettemich on his way to Vienna, Hertford, Marquis of, intimacy of, 45 ; marriage and divorc_f, !lot!! with Metternic"v.66. to 66. • 202 INDEX.

played in Paris on the return of, K. 129; death of, 163. Louis Philippe, of Orleans, reac­ KAGENECK, MARIA BRATRIX ALoISA, tionary policy of, 171; severe marries the father of Clement measures t.-.ken by, against Mettemich, 4. Mazzini, 173. Kossuth, Louis, begins to take a Liitzen, battle or, Napoleon gains lead in Hungarian politics, 175; the, 96, 97; effect produced by, is imprisoned, 175; becomes con­ on Metternich, 99, 101. vinced that there can be no peace with Mettemich, 186; effect in Vienna of the great speech of, M. 186, 187; the reading of the speech o~ stimulates the courage lliBIE LOUISE consents to become of the students and others, 187 ; Napoleon's wife, 6-1; fatal effect and is the active canse of t.he fall of the marriage with, on the of Mettemich, 188-190. fortunes of Napoleon, 81, 82, 8-1, 87, !JO,and note, 102,103, 195,196. Marmont, Marshal, prescience of" discovers the true line of retreat L. of the Austrians after Wa"ara.m, 51, 52; fi.tal conseqnence of the LAIBACH, Congress of, ]56,157. treason of, in 18H, 127. Lebzeltem, the Chevalier, is sent Massena, Marshal, carries the. by Metternich to Savona to en­ Austrian position at Zuaim, 52. deavour to procure an under­ Maurice, Mr. C. Edmund, opinion standing between the Pope and of, regarding the system of Napoleon, 67. Mettemich, 145, 146; excellent Leipsig, fatal results for Napoleon work of, note to 145 ; opinion of the battle of, 122; treason of J'egardingAlexander, 146,147; on the Saxon troops at, note to 122. Mettemich's deallilg with Ita.ly, Liechtenstein, Prince John of, IIUC­ 158; indebtedness of the author ceeds the Archduke Charles in to, note to p. 181. command of the Austrian army, Mayence, Metternich proceeds to and agrees to a suspension of the University of, 5; Napoleon arms with Napoleon, 52, 53; sets reaches, 96; quits it to win the out for Vienna to negotiate with battle of Liitzen, 96, 97; a. secret Napoleon, 58; iuterview on the police inquiry office established way with Mettemich, 59, 60; at, by Metternich, 158, 160. proeeeds to Vienna and signs Mazzini, treatment of, on. the. ont­ peace, 60-62; improbability of break of the Revolution of 1830, Metternich's version of the con­ 172, 173; sl1bsequent movements duct of, 60-62. of, 173, 17i; correspondence of, Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, es­ opened and contents shamefully tablished under au . Austrian communicated to Austria by Sir prince after 1814, 151, 153; Met­ James Graham, 177, 179. ternich appoints an Aulic coun­ Meneval, M., visits Elba, and cil to su perintend the affairs of informs Napoleon of the desi:;n the, 158 ; excitement in the, of the Congress of Vienna to towards the close of Metternich's have him deported, 135. reigl1, ]81, 18i. Metternich, Clement, character of Louis XVllr., opposite feelings dis- antagonism U, to Napoleon, 1-3; INDEX. 203 tirth and training of, 4; imbibes the origin of the conferences at hiB ideas of France from French Erfurt, 32; iB unable to find ont -dmigrlfs, 5; visits England; and what passes at Erfurt, 32; in­ studies tile English constitution, trigues of, with Talleyrand,' 33 ; <6 ; impressed by the Englisb tIeet, proceeds on leave to Vienna and -6, 7; entry into diplomatic life inspires the Emperorand the Aus­ and marriage of, 7; displays dis­ trian Cabinet with hiB sanguine taste for politics and a strong hopes, 34; writes a memorandum love of literature and art, 7, 8; on the positionj 35-S7; proof is told by the Emperor FranciB that his Autobiography had been to hold himself in readiness, 8 ; edited, 36, note; concurrence of 'becomes Minister at Dresden, 9 ; ideas of, with those of the Arch­ is transferred to Berlin, 10; duke Charles, 38 ; returns to Paris, oCOmeB in contact with the Em- . and renews his intimacy with the peror Alexander, 11; difficnlt French malcontents, 38-40; is position of, 12; not the fanlt of, received with great kindness by that his labours at Berlin. are Napoleon, 40; is left "a free fruitless, 13; obtains the ap- , hand" l>y the Court of Vienna, proval of his sovereign, 14;. iB 42; is not addressed on the sub­ nominated to succeed 8tadion at ject ,of polit\Cs by Napoleon, 43 ; St. Petersburg, 15; despair of, is ordered to inform Napoleon at learning that he iB to be that Austria has plaCed her troops transferred to Paris, 16;. his on a war footing, 44; receives his views regarding Napoleon, 16; passports, 45; journeys to Vienna, is encouraged by the Emperor and is allotted a house near the' Francis, 17; sets ont for Paris, capital as hi. residence, 46 ; and sees Talleyrand, 18; first receives a visit from Savary, 47; impressions of, 18; the one aim haughty bearing of, 47; incident he mentally traced to himself, on the way to Acs to be ex­ 19; iB well received in Paris, 19 ; changed, 48; joins the Emperor opinion of, regarding Napoleon, Francis, and witnesses the battle 19, 20; variation of opinion of, . of Wagram, 49; succeeds Count regarding Napoleon, 20, 21; hiB Stadion as foreign miniBter, 51 ; sentiments those which he had. iB appointed to negotiate for in early life imbibed from the peace with the French Foreign 4!migrdd, 21; reasons why be MiniBter, Count' Cbampagny, endeavours to stave off war with 52-67 ; Prince John of Liechten­ Pru•• ia, 21, 22; further impre.­ stein is sent to negotiate over his sion. his .tudy of the character head, 57, 58; soreness of, and im­ of Napoleon make upon, 22; probable version of the mission deducea that France has not one given by, 5S-62; becomes Chan­ friend in Europe, 23; derives 'cellor of the Empire, 62; and hope. from the catastrophe of resumes his anti-N apoleonio role, Baylen, 23; record made by, of 63; negotiates the marriage of. the manner in which Napoleon Napoleon with Marie Louise, addrease. him on hiB return to 63, 64; nntrue reason given by, Pari., 24, 25;: doubts as to the regarding the divorce, 64, note; correctne•• of the record of, 25-29; sets out for PariB once more to view. indulged in by, regarding study Napoleon, 65; iB admitted the chances of Austria, 30; the into the confidential intimacy of keynote to the policy of, 31; Napoleon, 66-69; disoovers thnt erroneous 0D&on of, regarding Napoleon intends war with 204 INDEX.

Russia, 70; makes his plans .. l.istorical" interview willi Na­ . acoordingly and retums to take up poleon, 110; reasons for mis­ his post, 71; partly unveils him­ trusting version of that interview self to the King of Prussia, 72; given by, 111-113; true reoord constitutes a kind of "Star of interview of, with Napoleon, Chamber" for the better adminis­ 113-116; second interview of, with! tration of internal affairs in Napoleon, 117; manmuvres of, Austria, 73; dabbles with liter­ to prolong the armistice and yet ature and art, 74 ; signs the to prevent the success of the treaty of March 14, 1812, with negotiations, 115-119; gives the Napoleon, enga"oing to put 30.000 signal for war, 120; protests troops in line a"ooainst Russia, 75 ; a.,ooainst the desire of Alexander secret understanding of, witb the to give the command in chief Czar, 75, 76; accompanies the to Morean, 121; suggests, after Emperor and Empress of Austria Leipsig, a policy of extermination to Dresden, 76; confidences of 88 regarded Napoleon, 122, 12!l; Napoleon towards, 77; helps works his way to the position of" forward .. the providential be­ arbiter in the councils of the ginning of Napoleon's end," 78; allies, 125: opinion of, of Lord: sees the catastrophe arrive, 79; Uostlereagh, 125; again intrigues withdraws the Austrian con­ against Napoleon at Langres, tingent into Galicia, 80; views 125; disapproves of the deporta­ of, at this period, 81; sends tion of Napoleon to Elba as in­ Count Bubna to Paris to en­ sufficient, 126; his opinion of deavour to obtain for Austria the Napoleon's system, ]27; believes position of mediator, 82; is the return of the Bourbons so­ confirmed by the action of Na­ ceptable 10 the French people, poleon in his secret policy, 84; 128; takes the lead at the Con­ negotiations of, with Count Otto, gress of Vienna, 131; jealo1l6y 85; sends Prince Schwarzenberg of, of Alexander. 131, 132; sides to Paris, 86 ; is bent on destroying with France and England against Napoleon, 87; endeavours to Russia and Pru&9ia, 133,134; bears detaoh Saxony from Napoleon, of the departure of Napoleon from 89-91; negotiates with Connt Elba, 13i; inspires the Congress. Narbonne, 92; his purpose de­ to come to a formal resolution tected by that ambassador, 93-99 ; against him, 137. 138; hears of opens fresh ground on hearing of the battle of Waterloo, 138: Napoleon's victory at Liitzen, comments on Napoleon, 139; is 99,101; senas Connt Bubna with sounded by Alexander on the sub­ proposals to Napoleon, 101; ject of the .. Holy Alliance," HI ; resolution arrived at by, on learn- his lUlCOunt of, and exouse for it, . ing the loss of the battle of 142, 143; opportunities open to, Bautzen, 105; proceeds with· 143,144; builds up his edifice on 81 the Emperor Francis to GitBchin narrow and vulgar basis, lii,li5 ; to be near to the Allies as well 88 hatred of "liberalism" of, H5; to Napoleon, 106; hurries off to system of, described by Mr. eee the Emperor Alexander, 106 ; llanrice, 146; finally gains result of meeting of, with Alex­ Alp.under, 147; also the King ander, 106,108; negotiates a treaty of Prussia, 149; dissuades that of alliance and returns "with a king from granting his peopl& light heart" to Gitschin, lOS, 109 ; a coustitution, H9, 150; memo­ proceeds to Dresden to have the randum of, ofc&the means to INDEX. 205

'COm bat the revolution, 150 ; difference of mode of dealing of, ·exalted opinion of himself of, with Hungary, compared with 151, 152; dealings of, with Italy, the olher states of the Empire, 152, 153; conduct of, on hearing 178; dealings of, with Italy, of the revolt at Naples, 153; 178,179; with Cracow, ]79; with ~ntries in the diary of, n.garding the King of Sardinia. 179, 180; Napoleon, 154; carries nearly all alarm of, at the reforming atti­ bis views at the Conference of tude of Pio N ono, 181; tries to "Troppau, 154, 156; and at repress the popular feeling in Laibach. 157 ; establishes a Italy, 182, 183; defest of the Council at Vienna to crush free Swiss policy of, 184; difficulties -thought in Italy, 158; comments of, with respect to Holstein, 184 ; -cf. on hearing of the suicide of looks with apprehension on tho "Lord Castlereagh (Londonderry) small concessions of the new 159; tries to settle the Eastem King of Prussia, 185; and on the question in concert with the Czar, rise of liberalism in Germany, l.60, 161; forces n.pression of 185, 186; movement in Hungary opinion on Baden and Bavaria, against the policy of, 186, 187; 162; his theory and action re­ uuder1'ates the danger, 187; when garding the independence of the tumult in Vienna arises, is -Greece at variance, 163 ; incorrect- - bent on resistance, 188; gives ness of the forecast of, regarding the command of the castle to -Charles X. and the Dauphin, 163, Prince Wiudischgratz, but is 164: cooling of the relations of, restrained from giving him per­ with the Czar, 164 ; incorrect fore­ mission to fire on the people, 189; -cast rel(arding the effect of the resigns, 189; still convinced that death of Alexander on the history his policy was right, 190 ; reaches of Russia, 164, 165; meeta Lord Dresden with difficulty, and Hertford. and imbibes a sincere proceeds thence to England, 191 ; admiration for him, 166; distrnst returns to Austria, 191,192; con­ ~nceived by,ofCanning, 166, 167; versations of, with the Emperor tries to gain the Czar Nicholas, Francis Joseph, 192; lives to 167; but cannot bring himself to witness the total overthrow of 'support the Russian policy in the his policy, 192, 193; deathof, 193; East, 168; expreasion- of, on domestio life of, 193; summary hearing of the battle of N avarino, Qf the first part oj the career of, 169; hopes to derive advantage 194, 196: of the second part, 196. from the accession to power of 197; self-written fPitaph of, 1he Duke of Wellington on the 197. death of Canning, 169; is trying Metternicb, Fraucis George, father -to improve his relations with of -the Austrian statesman,_ 4; "Russia when he is startled by the • summons his son to Frankfort for Revolutiou of 1830, 170; op­ the Emperor's coronation, 4 ; posin .. attitude taken by, 'towards summon. him to Vienna, and that &volution, 171; represses negQtiu.tes his marriage, 7; is Germany and Italy, and staves granted the u.bbey-lands of off opposition in Hungary, 172; Ochseuhausen, 10. alarmed at Mazzini's efforts, Metternich, Madame, is questioned traces him to his lair in London, by Napoleon as to the possibility 173, 174; dealings of, with of an Austrian marriage, 63. Hungary, 174; up to 1830, 175; Moreau. General, meets his fate at IIp to 1839, 176.;.up to 1848, 177; Dresden, 121. 206 INDEX,.

with the Emperor Francis, 57. N. 58; and makes peaee, 58--62; sounds Madame Met.ternich re­ NAPLES, the Bourbons restored to, garding the possibility of an. 152; the people of, fort',B their Austrian marriage, 63; marries kiug to accept a constitution, 151 ; Marie Louise, 65; receives Met­ the people of, rise against King ternich at Paris, and gives him Bomba, 182, 183; who is foreed his confidence, 66--70; lets out to grant a constitution, 183; ex- . that he intends war with Russie. citement throughout the kingdom 70: advances his forees as far as> . of, 183, 184. Dantzig, 74; notifies to his allies' Napoleon, contrast between system his intention of invading Russie, of, and that of Metternich, 1-3; 75; obtains, under certain stipu­ had the same professors as lations, a corps of 30,000 men Metternich for mathematics and from Austria, 75,76; receives tbe fencing, 4; ie joined at Brunn vassal sovereigns at Dresden, 76 ; by Count Haugwitz, 13; requests wisdom of the course traced by. that Metternich may be appointed . in confidential communication to the embassy at Pa.ris, 15; mis­ with Metternich, 76, 77 ; asks tho take made by, in so doing, 19; advice of his councillors after tho gives Metternich a cordial recep­ catastrophe of the retreat, 82; tion, 19; impression made by, addresses the Emperor of A usttie upou Metternich, 19-21; pro­ as to his plans, 83; delusion gramme of, with respect to engendered in the mind of, by his Prussia. in 1806, 21; qualities marriage, 87; Bonds M. de Nar­ of, as they appeared to Metter­ bonne ito Vienna to cope with nich, 22, 23 f makes the peace of Metternich, 88; reaches Mayence Tilsit, 23; action of, on learning and BBnds fresh instructions to the capitulation of Baylen, 23, 24; N arhonne, 96; defeats the allies reception given by, to Metternich, at Liitzen, 97; repents having &8 related by Metternich, 24, 25 ; conferred upon Austria the, role the same, as related by the French of mediator, 100; resolves to minister for foreign affairs, 26- treat directly with Rnssia, 101; 30; meets the Czar at Erfurt, defeats the allies at Bautzen, 103 ; 31; has only one French and one fatal conduct of, in agreeing to Russian witness, 32; sets out for an armistice, 103; historical in­ Bayonne, 33; returns to Paris, terview of, with Metternich, 109- and reCeives Metternich with his 114; at the second inteniew customary kindness, 40; sees agrees to a congress, 116; effect through the designs of Austria, of a phrase of, used in 1810, 0110 41; is deceived in the character Metternich,118; Austria declares of Metternich, 43; would have war against, 119; wins the battle preferred peace, 44; but Austria. of Dresden, 120 ; but the result forees on war, 44, 45; wins ~e more. than neutralised by the battle of Wagram, 49, 50: agrees remissness of St. Cyr, 121; is to a suspension of arms, and<' besten at Leipsig, 122 j campaign Bends Champagny to Romoro to of 1814 ruined by Marmont's negotiate, 52; hie real object mis­ treachery, 125, 126; life-work of. understood by Metternich, 54; judged by Metternich, 127; learns states his demands, 56,.57; im­ that the allies are proposing to patient of the delay of the nego­ deport him to St. Helena, 13!; tiators, opena • communication is forced to e~ct at once, 135; ~ INDEX. 207

Viumphal march of, 137; fate Pra,,"11e,- Napoleon signs an agree­ of, decided at Waterloo, ] 39; is ment with Metternich for a con­ sent to St. Helena, 140; the gress at, 116; reasoos why the legend of, survives, 197. coogress of, wa&abortive, 1l9. Narbonne, M. de, replaces Baron PreBBbmg, the peace of, follows the Otto as Freuch Ambassador at battle of Austerlitz, 15: con­ Vienna, 88, 89; is well received~ ditions of, 15. 92; SP.ts himself to read Metter· Prussia, Frederick Willism m., nich througll aud through, 92.- , king of, vacillation of, in '1804, 99; and succeeds, 100; a ques­ 1l; opens his frontiers to the tiou whether the penetration of, Czu and signs a treaty at Pots­ was not a misforlnne, 100 and tIOte. • dam, 11, 12: c;lespatches Haug­ Nicholas,· succeeds his brother witz to Napoleon, 12: aooepts Alexander em the throne of Hanover from Napoleon, 13; is Russia, 165: efforts made hy informed hy Mettemich, in 1811. II.tternich to conciliate, 166- of the secret designs of Austria 170: concludes the treaty of in his favour, 72; meets Napoleon Adrianople, 168: laya his heavy at Dresden, 76; signs the treaty hand on Poland, 171. of Reichenbach, 107, 108 ; desires. after 1814 to incorporate the "hole of Saxony, 130; opinion of O. Napoleon regarding, expressed to OCBI!BIIBAUSBlf, abbey 'lands of, Admiral Cockburn, 132; trnly , granted to the elder Metternich, contemptible .character of, 148, 10.· . 149; is like clay in the hands of Opocno, selected by tbe Czar for the potter Metternich, 149, 150; his head-quarters during the supports the reaetionary policy armistice of PleiBwitz, 105: he of, 162; death of, 184. Prussia, FredericK William IV_ is visited there by ~etternich, 105-107. begins his reign by measures Otmnto, Fouche Duke of, question which alarm Mettermch, 185. put to, hy Metternich, and reply of, regardin~ result of ,possible return of Napoleon from Elba, R. 135. REICHENBACH, treaty of, 107; why Otto, Baton, ~rlent of, .with the knowledge of the existence Mll1;ternich at VIenna, 85, 86: is of the, was hidden frOID the replaced hy de Narbonne, 88. n world, fIOte to 107: provisions of' the, 107, 108. P. RDIUSAT, Madame de, testimony of, to the real marri~"" of N ...· P ALIIEBSTOlf, LoBD, wise foreign poleon and J08ephin~, M, 65, 'lO~e. policy of, 181: fIOte to 184. I1evolution, after a life spent m Piedmont, is restored to th.e kingof comhating, Metternicb is brought , Sanlinia, 151. • face to face with, and succumbs, Pius IX., Giovanni Mastsi Ferotti 187,188. is elected Pope as, 180: liberal Revolution of 1830, Metteroich is tendencies Dt, 181 ;' issues a startled in his plans of concili­ decree grsnting separate JOe­ ating ~e Czar by the, 170: how sponsibility to his minister!!, 183. the, affected generally the policy . Pleiswit%, o.nni.st!~of. 10!, 119•• of Metternich, 171• 208 INDEX. ..

Romanzoff, Chancellor of the Sonderbund, the policy of Metter­ Russiall Empire, is one of the nioh, and 1;.ouis Philippe re­ four admitted to tae secret conn­ f ~ardlDg the, defeated by Lord cils of Erfurt: 32: is, according Paimerston, 182 and note. ' to Metternich,'" canght ill. the Spain, dealings of- Napoleon with, nets of Napoleol).," 33; is one of 23; policy of Napoleon how the men Metternich failed to .. affected by the turn of affairs in, fleduce, 40. 41 ; comlllJlnication of '50, •• Napoleon to, regpording .,Austria, Stadion, Count, ~eplaoes Count 41. '.' Colloredo as Austriall Foreign " Miuister after the Peace of Pre.s­ ,s; . liurg. IS; informs ~ettemich that Anstria is ,nearly ready for , :sr. en:. Genera( fails to suppor,t war, 35; reckons on the support of Vandamme at the critical mo- Northern Germany, 38; re$igns, ment, 121. .' .. • 50; is sent to the head-quarters Savary, General, visits Metteinich of _the Czar, 4.00; accompanies at Griinberg, and makes a pro- the Czar to Opocno, 105; signs posal to him, 4\,. . thll treaty of Reichenbach, 107; ,saxon army, treaEon of the, .canses represents A1ll!tria at Chatillon, the loss of the hattIe. ot Leipsig, 126.. 121, 122;' and note to 122. Sweden claims Norway as a reward Saxony, coveted by Pr.ussia e.a a for her Services in 1813-14, 129. reward for .her e1f9rIB in 1813-14, Szechenyi, Connt, patriotic effurts 130; opinion 'of Metterilich on .o~ in HIUlga.ry, 175. • i the proposed transfer of. 132; a wakens to' the necessities of freedom, 184. , ... 'Saxony, the ;Elector or, as he ap­ T. peared to Metternich. 9; King of, dubious conduct of, 84 ; intrigues TALLEYBA1;D, PRl'KCE. courtesy of, of Mettcrnich with, 90, 91; orders to Metternich at their first inter­ the dishanding of Poniatowski's view, 18; bpgins to undermine corps, 91; returns to his alliance Napoleon; 33; speeches of. to with Napoleon, 102, . • the Czar, at Erfurt, 33, 34 ; leaves ~chwarzdllberg,'!'rince, Austrian on UlEll' mind of Metternich the ambassador at· St. Petersburg, impression, tha\ he is plotting 84; is ambassador at Paris and againllt N aPOifon, 39, 40; advises gives a masked ball, 63; oom­ .Napoleon to ~eat direct with .mands the" auxiliary Austrian Russia, 82; represents France at corps in the RJ1Ssian Campaign, tlfe Congr.eBS of Vienna, 131. 72; proceeds on a mission to Teplitz, interview between Frede- Paris, 88, 89; 'under Napoleon's • rick. William III. and Metter­ .influence is dumb, 89 : opinion of, pich at, 149. regarding the political influence . Thugnt, Baron, retires from the of the marriage of Mari,: Louise, , position • of Austrian Foreign note to page 90; questiona put MilIist6l' on account of the peace to, as commander-4l-chief of the of Lnneville, 8. • Austrian army, by Mettemich, Ticino, Mazzin~ takes refuge at, 115; reply of, 116;· attacks • Lugano in, 171, 173; abortive Napoleon at Dresdon Bl/.d is de­ attempt made from, 172. 173:.. feated, 120, 121. • becomes th~ne of colltention .p'"nl1:x. '209

between 'Sardinia pd Austria; from a hill by the Emperor Fre.n­ 177,178, 'cis and Metternic"b., 49; caUlleS of Tolstoy. Count, Russiim MinijIter • the lOBS of tbe,J>y the Austrians, at Paris, appeal made to; a\ the 49, ~O. famous interview bet~een Napo­ W eIlin~n, Duke of, /At tha Con­ leon and Metternich in 1808, , gress of Verona, 157, 159; suooes- 24-29; sympathi_ of, allied to , sion of, to Canning, fills the mind ' those of Metternich, a1. of Mettemiah with hopes, 169. Troppan, ConC~ of, 152-156. Weseekuyi, Count, a popular leader • • in. Hungary, iri' imprisoned by v. order of Mettemillh,176. . ' Windischgratz, Pri,nce, is enqtM VAlIDAIIIDI, Gmnmd. fatal misfor­- at the last momedtowit1t. the ,com­ tune of, at Kuhn, caused by manel of the caStle in Vienna, want of support on the, part of • 189. ' St. (}yr,121. ;Wrede, 'Count, attempu. . to, bar the Vienna,. Congress of,.heartbnrnings road to N apoleon ~ flIDt and action at ClOvelDus greed engendered' at of the latter, fIOte to p. 92. the, 129-133 ; it ill proposed at;to Wiirtemberg, King of, proteSts deport Napoleon to SL Hele~ 8 gainst the policy of Metterniah, ()l the Oanary Islands, 133; the 150; denounces Austria as "ap­ terror llxcited at the, by the propriating (0 herself thE\ heril.!>ge return of Napoleon, hushes up • of Napoleon," 16~; libeml move­ all divisions, 135, 137; good. luck ments sanctioned by tl:\e, -185. bC the allies in that the members of the, had no~ dispersed, 137.' • Z. • • W., • ZNADr, the AUstrian reargnard at­ tacked. and beaten by Marmont WAOJWl,~T'.rLB·CIF;la w1tn~ and Massena. at, 5~' , , .. ' 'LONDON :PRINTED BY ·wn..l;fAM. CLp'w;F1l AND SQNS, Ln!mID, STAJlFdltll STBiIE1; .un> ~BIN" CRoss, , THE SPRING OF 1813. 95 to concert measures with the all~s against Napoleon. It was another and a very important mesh in his web. Yet his success was not quite so great as the reader might gather from the perusal of the commentary of M. Thiers. He mystified, but he did not take in M. de Narbonne. The French ambassaQor was too clear­ headed a man to fail to be struck by the facility with which the Minister agreed to all his proposals. Not so' readily, he thought to himself, would' Austria, in the circumstances then existing, assent to a proposition which would place, according to his view of it, in the hands of Napoleon, the direction of the forces she had raised and armed with so much haste. For granting, as one coul

" A few hours' conversation," be Writes, ,. sufficed to lay the founda­ tion of a. good, feeling between this upright and enlightened statesman and myself, which' the following years cemented and enlarged." Further: "I soon IIRW that his ideas about the reconstruction of France in a. manner compatible with the general interests of Europe did not mnterially differ from mine." They both believed that by evicting Napoleon they would kill the Revolution. Napoleon was evicted--but the Revolution? The damming up of its waters produced the overthrow which in time was to sweep even the astute Metternich into obscurity_ From Basel Metternich proceeded with the sovereigns and the English minister to La,ng~es, the 25th of January, there, he tells us, to be occupied with negotiations of the greatest importance, and which, he adds, would remain unknown if he had not recorded tbem. The nature of those negotiations may be summed up in a single phrase. They were to decide upon the most suitable successor to the doomed Napoleon. Alexanderwante~ tq appeal to -the French nation. Tpis view l\fetternich combated with all his force. To hi~ it meant the unchaining anew of the Revolution. He went so far with Ale~ander as to tbreaten that Austria would then and there withdraw he.t forces if the idea were persisted in.