DOCSLIB.ORG

A Construction of Gorenstein Rings

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Construction of Gorenstein Rings CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Journal of Algebra 306 (2006) 507–519 www.elsevier.com/locate/jalgebra A construction of Gorenstein rings Marco D’Anna Dipartimento di Matematica e Informatica, Università di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, I-95125 Catania, Italy Received 8 November 2005 Available online 23 January 2006 Communicated by Luchezar L. Avramov Abstract In this paper, starting with a commutative ring R and a proper ideal I ⊂ R, we construct and study a new ring denoted by R 1 I. In particular, we prove that if R is a CM local ring, then R 1 I is Gorenstein if and only if I is a canonical ideal of R and we apply this construction to algebroid curves. © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Keywords: Gorenstein ring; Canonical ideal; Algebroid curve 1. Introduction If R is a commutative ring with unity and M is an R-module, the idealization R M (also called trivial extension), introduced by Nagata in 1956 (cf. Nagata’s book [12, p. 2]), is a new ring where the module M can be viewed as an ideal such that its square is (0).In [13] it is proved that, if R is a local Cohen–Macaulay ring, then R M is Gorenstein if and only if M is a canonical module of R; the “if” direction of this result was generalized by Fossum in [7], for any “commutative extension.” In this paper we consider a different type of construction, obtained involving a ring R and an ideal I ⊂ R, that will be denoted by R 1 I and it is defined as the following subring E-mail address: [email protected]. URL: http://www.dmi.unict.it/~mdanna/. 0021-8693/$ – see front matter © 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.jalgebra.2005.12.023 508 M. D’Anna / Journal of Algebra 306 (2006) 507–519 of R × R: R 1 I = (r, r + i) | r ∈ R, i ∈ I . More generally this construction can be given starting with a ring R and an ideal E of an overring S of R (such that S ⊆ Q(R), where Q(R) is the total ring of fractions of R); this extension has been studied, in the general case and from the different point of view of pullbacks, by Fontana and the author in [5]. One main difference of this construction, with respect to the idealization (or with respect to any commutative extension, in the sense of Fossum) is that the ring R 1 I is reduced whenever R is reduced. One main result of this paper is the following (see Theorem 11): if R is a Cohen– Macaulay local ring, then the ring R 1 I is Gorenstein if and only if R has a canonical ∼ ideal ωR and I = ωR. In order to get this result it is important to prove that I and HomR1I (R, R 1 I) are isomorphic as R-modules (see Proposition 3) and to understand when the ring R 1 I is Cohen–Macaulay (see Section 3). We also discuss the general (nonlocal) situation using a localization statement (see Proposition 7) to reduce to the lo- cal case. One direction of this result can be obtained as a corollary of a more general (but unpublished) result, due to Eisenbud (see Theorem 12). The construction studied in this paper has an interesting application to curve singulari- ties. We show that, if we start with an algebroid curve R with h branches, the ring R 1 I is again an algebroid curve with 2h branches; moreover for every branch of R there are ex- actly two corresponding branches of R 1 I both isomorphic to the branch of R we started with (see Theorem 14). This result gives also an explicit presentation of the algebroid curve R 1 I as a quotient of a power series ring; in particular, we get an explicit construction of Gorenstein algebroid curves (see Corollary 17). The paper is organized as follows: Section 2 contains general results on the ring R 1 I . In Section 3 we study when R 1 I is CM and when it is Gorenstein. Section 4 contains the application to curve singularities. 2. The ring R 1 I Let R be a commutative ring with unit element 1 and let I be a proper ideal of R.We define R 1 I ={(r, s) | r, s ∈ R, s − r ∈ I}. It is easy to check that R 1 I is a subring, with unit element (1, 1),ofR × R (with the usual componentwise operations) and that R 1 I ={(r, r + i) | r ∈ R, i ∈ I}. Some results in this section are proved in a more general context in [5] and we omit the proofs. We recall that the idealization R M, introduced by Nagata for every R-module M (cf. [12, p. 2]), is defined as the R-module R ⊕ M endowed with the multiplication (r, m)(s, n) = (rs, rn + sm). We also recall that a commutative extension of R by an R- module M is defined as an exact sequence of abelian groups i π 0 M T R 0 M. D’Anna / Journal of Algebra 306 (2006) 507–519 509 where T is a commutative ring, π is a ring homomorphism and the R-module structure of M is related to (T,i,π)by the equation t · i(m) = i(π(t) · m), for every t ∈ T and m ∈ M (cf. [7]). Notice that R M is a commutative extension and that, for any commutative extension, i(M) is a nilpotent ideal of T , of index 2. Therefore a commutative extension is never a reduced ring. On the other hand, R 1 I is reduced if and only if R is reduced (see Proposition 2); hence, in general, the ring R 1 I is not a commutative extension (see also the exact se- quence (2) below); more precisely, it is isomorphic to the idealization if and only if I is a nilpotent ideal of index 2 in R. If in the R-module direct sum R ⊕ I we introduce a multiplicative structure by setting (r, i)(s, j) = (rs, rj + si + ij ), it is not difficult to check that the map f : R ⊕ I → R 1 I defined by f ((r, i)) = (r, r + i) is a ring isomorphism. Moreover, the diagonal embedding ϕ : R → R 1 I , defined by ϕ(r) = (r, r), is an injective ring homomorphism. Hence we have the following short exact sequence of R-modules: ϕ ψ 0 R R 1 I I 0 (1) where ψ((r, s)) = s − r, for every (r, s) ∈ R 1 I . Notice that this sequence splits; hence we also have the short exact sequence of R-modules: ψ ϕ 0 I R 1 I R 0 (2) where ψ(i) = (0,i)and ϕ((r, s)) = r, for every i ∈ I and (r, s) ∈ R 1 I .Wewillseelater (cf. Remark 4) that the exact sequence (2) is also a sequence of R 1 I -modules, while the other one is not. Remark 1. (a) If we set R = ϕ(R), then R ⊆ R 1 I ⊆ R × R.NowR→ R × R is a finite homomorphism, since R × R is generated by (1, 0) and (0, 1) as R-module. It follows that R ⊆ R × R is an integral extension; hence both R ⊆ R 1 I and R 1 I ⊆ R × R are integral extensions. It follows that R and R 1 I have the same Krull dimension (cf. [10, Theorem 48]). (b) It is not difficult to see that, if πi (i = 1, 2) are the projections of R × R on R, ∼ then πi(R 1 I)= R; hence, if Oi = Ker(πi|R1I ), then (R 1 I)/Oi = R; moreover O1 = {(0,i)| i ∈ I}, O2 ={(i, 0) | i ∈ I} and O1 ∩ O2 = (0). (c) R is Noetherian if and only if R 1 I is Noetherian. In fact, if R is Noetherian, then also R × R is Noetherian, hence R 1 I is finitely generated as R-module and so is ∼ Noetherian; conversely, if R 1 I is Noetherian, then R = (R 1 I)/Oi is Noetherian. Proposition 2. [5] R 1 I is a reduced ring if and only if R is reduced. In particular, if R is an integral domain, R 1 I is reduced and its only minimal primes are O1 and O2. 510 M. D’Anna / Journal of Algebra 306 (2006) 507–519 The next result will be very important for one direction of Theorem 11. Proposition 3. The following isomorphism of R-modules holds: ∼ I = HomR1I (R, R 1 I). ∼ Proof. Recall that R = (R 1 I)/O1, with O1 ={(0,i)| i ∈ I}, hence R is a cyclic R 1 I - module generated by 1 and (r, r + i)· s = π1((r, r + i))s = rs (where s ∈ R and (r, r + i) ∈ R 1 I ). It follows that, if we fix an element i ∈ I ,themapgi : R → R 1 I , defined by gi(r) = (ri, 0),isanR 1 I -homomorphism. Hence the following map is induced: f : I → HomR1I (R, R 1 I), i → gi. It is easy to see that f is an injective homomorphism of R-modules. It remains to check that f is surjective: if h : R → R 1 I is a R 1 I -homomorphism, then it is determined by h(1) = (x, y) (where x,y ∈ R and y − x ∈ I ).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Characterizing Gorenstein Rings Using Contracting Endomorphisms
    CHARACTERIZING GORENSTEIN RINGS USING CONTRACTING ENDOMORPHISMS BRITTNEY FALAHOLA AND THOMAS MARLEY Dedicated to Craig Huneke on the occasion of his 65th birthday. Abstract. We prove several characterizations of Gorenstein rings in terms of vanishings of derived functors of certain modules or complexes whose scalars are restricted via contracting endomorphisms. These results can be viewed as analogues of results of Kunz (in the case of the Frobenius) and Avramov- Hochster-Iyengar-Yao (in the case of general contracting endomorphisms). 1. Introduction In 1969 Kunz [17] proved that a commutative Noetherian local ring of prime char- acteristic is regular if and only if some (equivalently, every) power of the Frobenius endomorphism is flat. Subsequently, the Frobenius map has been employed to great effect to study homological properties of commutative Noetherian local rings; see [20], [10], [23], [16], [4] and [3], for example. In this paper, we explore characteriza- tions of Gorenstein rings using the Frobenius map, or more generally, contracting endomorphisms. Results of this type have been obtained by Iyengar and Sather- Wagstaff [14], Goto [9], Rahmati [21], Marley [18], and others. Our primary goal is to obtain characterizations for a local ring to be Gorenstein in terms of one or more vanishings of derived functors in which one of the modules is viewed as an R-module by means of a contracting endomorphism (i.e., via restriction of scalars). A prototype of a result of this kind for regularity is given by Theorem 1.1 below. Let R be a commutative Noetherian local ring with maximal ideal m and φ : R ! R an endomorphism which is contracting, i.e., φi(m) ⊆ m2 for some i.
    [Show full text]
  • Cohen-Macaulay Modules Over Gorenstein Local Rings
    COHEN{MACAULAY MODULES OVER GORENSTEIN LOCAL RINGS RYO TAKAHASHI Contents Introduction 1 1. Associated primes 1 2. Depth 3 3. Krull dimension 6 4. Cohen{Macaulay rings and Gorenstein rings 9 Appendix A. Proof of Theorem 1.12 11 Appendix B. Proof of Theorem 4.8 13 References 17 Introduction Goal. The structure theorem of (maximal) Cohen{Macaulay modules over commutative Gorenstein local rings Throughout. • (R : a commutative Noetherian ring with 1 A = k[[X; Y ]]=(XY ) • k : a field B = k[[X; Y ]]=(X2;XY ) • x := X; y := Y 1. Associated primes Def 1.1. Let I ( R be an ideal of R (1) I is a maximal ideal if there exists no ideal J of R with I ( J ( R (2) I is a prime ideal if (ab 2 I ) a 2 I or b 2 I) (3) Spec R := fPrime ideals of Rg Ex 1.2. Spec A = f(x); (y); (x; y)g; Spec B = f(x); (x; y)g Prop 1.3. I ⊆ R an ideal (1) I is prime iff R=I is an integral domain (2) I is maximal iff R=I is a field 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification. 13C14, 13C15, 13D07, 13H10. Key words and phrases. Associated prime, Cohen{Macaulay module, Cohen{Macaulay ring, Ext module, Gorenstein ring, Krull dimension. 1 2 RYO TAKAHASHI (3) Every maximal ideal is prime Throughout the rest of this section, let M be an R-module. Def 1.4. p 2 Spec R is an associated prime of M if 9 x 2 M s.t p = ann(x) AssR M := fAssociated primes of Mg Ex 1.5.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1802.08409V2 [Math.AC]
    CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN TRACE IDEALS AND BIRATIONAL EXTENSIONS WITH APPLICATION TO THE ANALYSIS OF THE GORENSTEIN PROPERTY OF RINGS SHIRO GOTO, RYOTARO ISOBE, AND SHINYA KUMASHIRO Abstract. Over an arbitrary commutative ring, correspondences among three sets, the set of trace ideals, the set of stable ideals, and the set of birational extensions of the base ring, are studied. The correspondences are well-behaved, if the base ring is a Gorenstein ring of dimension one. It is shown that with one extremal exception, the surjectivity of one of the correspondences characterizes the Gorenstein property of the base ring, provided it is a Cohen-Macaulay local ring of dimension one. Over a commutative Noetherian ring, a characterization of modules in which every submodule is a trace module is given. The notion of anti-stable rings is introduced, exploring their basic properties. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Correspondence between trace ideals and birational extensionsofthebasering 5 3. The case where R is a Gorenstein ring of dimension one 9 4. Modules in which every submodule is a trace module 13 5. Surjectivity of the correspondence ρ in dimension one 17 6. Anti-stable rings 21 References 25 1. Introduction This paper aims to explore the structure of (not necessarily Noetherian) commutative arXiv:1802.08409v2 [math.AC] 7 Dec 2018 rings in connection with their trace ideals. Let R be a commutative ring. For R-modules M and X, let τM,X : HomR(M,X) ⊗R M → X denote the R-linear map defined by τM,X (f ⊗ m) = f(m) for all f ∈ HomR(M,X) and m ∈ M.
    [Show full text]
  • Commutative Algebra
    Commutative Algebra Andrew Kobin Spring 2016 / 2019 Contents Contents Contents 1 Preliminaries 1 1.1 Radicals . .1 1.2 Nakayama's Lemma and Consequences . .4 1.3 Localization . .5 1.4 Transcendence Degree . 10 2 Integral Dependence 14 2.1 Integral Extensions of Rings . 14 2.2 Integrality and Field Extensions . 18 2.3 Integrality, Ideals and Localization . 21 2.4 Normalization . 28 2.5 Valuation Rings . 32 2.6 Dimension and Transcendence Degree . 33 3 Noetherian and Artinian Rings 37 3.1 Ascending and Descending Chains . 37 3.2 Composition Series . 40 3.3 Noetherian Rings . 42 3.4 Primary Decomposition . 46 3.5 Artinian Rings . 53 3.6 Associated Primes . 56 4 Discrete Valuations and Dedekind Domains 60 4.1 Discrete Valuation Rings . 60 4.2 Dedekind Domains . 64 4.3 Fractional and Invertible Ideals . 65 4.4 The Class Group . 70 4.5 Dedekind Domains in Extensions . 72 5 Completion and Filtration 76 5.1 Topological Abelian Groups and Completion . 76 5.2 Inverse Limits . 78 5.3 Topological Rings and Module Filtrations . 82 5.4 Graded Rings and Modules . 84 6 Dimension Theory 89 6.1 Hilbert Functions . 89 6.2 Local Noetherian Rings . 94 6.3 Complete Local Rings . 98 7 Singularities 106 7.1 Derived Functors . 106 7.2 Regular Sequences and the Koszul Complex . 109 7.3 Projective Dimension . 114 i Contents Contents 7.4 Depth and Cohen-Macauley Rings . 118 7.5 Gorenstein Rings . 127 8 Algebraic Geometry 133 8.1 Affine Algebraic Varieties . 133 8.2 Morphisms of Affine Varieties . 142 8.3 Sheaves of Functions .
    [Show full text]
  • Ideals Generated by Pfaffians P(P, 72) =
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Ideals Generated by Pfaffians Instituie of .lfatlrenzatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, CJropinu 12, 87-100 Torwi, Poland AND PIOTR PRAGACZ Institute of Mathematics, Nicholas Copernicus University, Chopina 12, 87-100 Ton&, Poland Communicated by D. Buchsbaum Received September 7, 1978 Influenced by the structure theorem of Buchsbaum and Eisenbud for Gorenstein ideals of depth 3, [4], we study in this paper ideals generated by Pfaffians of given order of an alternating matrix. Let ,x7 be an n by n alternating matrix (i.e., xi9 = --xji for i < j and xii = 0) with entries in a commutative ring R with identity. One can associate with X an element Pf(-k-) of R called Pfaffian of X (see [I] or [2] for the definition). For n odd det S ~-=0 and Pf(X) = 0; for n even det X is a square in R and Pf(X)z = det X. For a basis-free account and basic properties ofpfaffians we send interested readers to Chapter 2 of [4] or to [IO]. For a sequence i1 ,..., &, 1 < i r < n, the matrix obtained from X by omitting rows and columns with indices i1 ,..., ik is again alternating; we write Pf il*....ik(X) for its Pfaffian and call it the (n - k)-order Pfaffian of X. We are interested in ideals Pf,,(X) generated by all the 2p-order Pfaffians of X, 0 ,( 2p < n. After some preliminaries in Section 1 we prove in Section 2 that the height and the depth of E-“&X) are bounded by the number P(P, 72) = (12- 2p + l)(n - 2p + 2)/2.
    [Show full text]
  • Gorenstein Rings Examples References
    Origin Aim of the Thesis Structure of Minimal Injective Resolution Gorenstein Rings Examples References Gorenstein Rings Chau Chi Trung Bachelor Thesis Defense Presentation Supervisor: Dr. Tran Ngoc Hoi University of Science - Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City May 2018 Email: [email protected] Origin Aim of the Thesis Structure of Minimal Injective Resolution Gorenstein Rings Examples References Content 1 Origin 2 Aim of the Thesis 3 Structure of Minimal Injective Resolution 4 Gorenstein Rings 5 Examples 6 References Origin ∙ Grothendieck introduced the notion of Gorenstein variety in algebraic geometry. ∙ Serre made a remark that rings of finite injective dimension are just Gorenstein rings. The remark can be found in [9]. ∙ Gorenstein rings have now become a popular notion in commutative algebra and given birth to several definitions such as nearly Gorenstein rings or almost Gorenstein rings. Aim of the Thesis This thesis aims to 1 present basic results on the minimal injective resolution of a module over a Noetherian ring, 2 introduce Gorenstein rings via Bass number and 3 answer elementary questions when one inspects a type of ring (e.g. Is a subring of a Gorenstein ring Gorenstein?). Origin Aim of the Thesis Structure of Minimal Injective Resolution Gorenstein Rings Examples References Structure of Minimal Injective Resolution Unless otherwise specified, let R be a Noetherian commutative ring with 1 6= 0 and M be an R-module. Theorem (E. Matlis) Let E be a nonzero injective R-module. Then we have a direct sum ∼ decomposition E = ⊕i2I Xi in which for each i 2 I, Xi = ER(R=P ) for some P 2 Spec(R).
    [Show full text]
  • Lectures on Local Cohomology
    Contemporary Mathematics Lectures on Local Cohomology Craig Huneke and Appendix 1 by Amelia Taylor Abstract. This article is based on five lectures the author gave during the summer school, In- teractions between Homotopy Theory and Algebra, from July 26–August 6, 2004, held at the University of Chicago, organized by Lucho Avramov, Dan Christensen, Bill Dwyer, Mike Mandell, and Brooke Shipley. These notes introduce basic concepts concerning local cohomology, and use them to build a proof of a theorem Grothendieck concerning the connectedness of the spectrum of certain rings. Several applications are given, including a theorem of Fulton and Hansen concern- ing the connectedness of intersections of algebraic varieties. In an appendix written by Amelia Taylor, an another application is given to prove a theorem of Kalkbrenner and Sturmfels about the reduced initial ideals of prime ideals. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Local Cohomology 3 3. Injective Modules over Noetherian Rings and Matlis Duality 10 4. Cohen-Macaulay and Gorenstein rings 16 d 5. Vanishing Theorems and the Structure of Hm(R) 22 6. Vanishing Theorems II 26 7. Appendix 1: Using local cohomology to prove a result of Kalkbrenner and Sturmfels 32 8. Appendix 2: Bass numbers and Gorenstein Rings 37 References 41 1. Introduction Local cohomology was introduced by Grothendieck in the early 1960s, in part to answer a conjecture of Pierre Samuel about when certain types of commutative rings are unique factorization 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 13C11, 13D45, 13H10. Key words and phrases. local cohomology, Gorenstein ring, initial ideal. The first author was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation, DMS-0244405.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1802.06491V2 [Math.AC] 7 Apr 2018 R Theorem
    TRACE IDEALS AND THE GORENSTEIN PROPERTY HAYDEE LINDO AND NINA PANDE Abstract. Let R be a local Noetherian commutative ring. We prove that R is an Artinian Gorenstein ring if and only if every ideal in R is a trace ideal. We discuss when the trace ideal of a module coincides with its double annihilator. 1. Introduction Let R be a ring and M an R-module. The trace ideal of M, denoted τ M (R), is the ideal generated by the homomorphic images of M in R. The theory of trace ideals has proved useful in various contexts but fundamentally the literature is dominated by two avenues of inquiry. First, given an R-module M what does its trace ideal say about M? For instance, it is known that trace ideals detect free-summands and that M is projective if and only if its trace ideal is idempotent; see [1, 7, 9, 16]. More recently, Lindo discussed the role of the trace ideal of a module in calculating the center of its endomorphism ring; see [10]. Also, Herzog, Hibi, Stamate and Ding have studied the trace ideal of the canonical module to understand deviation from the Gorenstein property in R; see [4, 8]. A second category of question asks: given a ring, what do the characteristics of its class of trace ideals imply about the ring? For example, in [6] Fontana, Huckaba and Papick characterize Noetherian domains where every trace ideal is prime; see also [6, 11, 12]. This paper addresses both of these questions when R is a local Artinian Gorenstein ring.
    [Show full text]
  • Grothendieck Duality and Q-Gorenstein Morphisms 101
    GROTHENDIECK DUALITY AND Q-GORENSTEIN MORPHISMS YONGNAM LEE AND NOBORU NAKAYAMA Abstract. The notions of Q-Gorenstein scheme and of Q-Gorenstein mor- phism are introduced for locally Noetherian schemes by dualizing complexes and (relative) canonical sheaves. These cover all the previously known notions of Q-Gorenstein algebraic variety and of Q-Gorenstein deformation satisfying Koll´ar condition, over a field. By studies on relative S2-condition and base change properties, valuable results are proved for Q-Gorenstein morphisms, which include infinitesimal criterion, valuative criterion, Q-Gorenstein refine- ment, and so forth. Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Serre’s Sk-condition 9 3. Relative S2-condition and flatness 24 4. Grothendieck duality 41 5. Relative canonical sheaves 63 6. Q-Gorenstein schemes 72 7. Q-Gorenstein morphisms 82 Appendix A. Some basic properties in scheme theory 105 References 108 1. Introduction arXiv:1612.01690v1 [math.AG] 6 Dec 2016 The notion of Q-Gorenstein variety is important for the minimal model theory of algebraic varieties in characteristic zero: A normal algebraic variety X defined over a field of any characteristic is said to be Q-Gorenstein if rKX is Cartier for some positive integer r, where KX stands for the canonical divisor of X. In some papers, X is additionally required to be Cohen–Macaulay. Reid used this notion essentially to define the canonical singularity in [48, Def. (1.1)], and he named the notion “Q- Gorenstein” in [49, (0.12.e)], where the Cohen–Macaulay condition is required. The notion without the Cohen–Macaulay condition appears in [24] for example.
    [Show full text]
  • Contributions to the Stable Derived Categories of Gorenstein Rings
    Contributions to the Stable Derived Categories of Gorenstein Rings by Vincent G´elinas A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto c Copyright 2018 by Vincent G´elinas Abstract Contributions to the Stable Derived Categories of Gorenstein Rings Vincent G´elinas Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Mathematics University of Toronto 2018 The stable derived category Dsg(R) of a Gorenstein ring R is defined as the Verdier quotient of the bounded derived category Db(mod R) by the thick subcategory of perfect complexes, that is, those with finite projective resolutions, and was introduced by Ragnar-Olaf Buchweitz as a homological measure of the singularities of R. This thesis contributes to its study, centered around representation-theoretic, homological and Koszul duality aspects. In Part I, we first complete (over C) the classification of homogeneous complete intersection isolated Z b singularities R for which the graded stable derived category Dsg(R) (respectively, D (coh X) for X = proj R) contains a tilting object. This is done by proving the existence of a full strong exceptional collection of vector bundles on a 2n-dimensional smooth complete intersection of two quadrics X = 2n+2 V (Q1;Q2) ⊆ P , building on work of Kuznetsov. We then use recent results of Buchweitz-Iyama- Z Yamaura to classify the indecomposable objects in Dsg(RY ) and the Betti tables of their complete 1 2 resolutions, over RY the homogeneous coordinate rings of 4 points on P and 4 points on P in general position.
    [Show full text]
  • Gorenstein Homological Algebra
    Gorenstein Homological Algebra Daniel Bravo (Universidad Austral de Chile, Chile), Sergio Estrada (University of Murcia, Spain), Alina Iacob (Georgia Southern University, USA) May 22–29, 2016 1 Overview of the Field Homological algebra is at the root of modern techniques in many areas of mathematics including commu- tative and non commutative algebra, algebraic geometry, algebraic topology and representation theory. Not only that all these areas make use of the homological methods but homological algebra serves as a common language and this makes interactions between these areas possible and fruitful. A relative version of homo- logical algebra is the area called Gorenstein homological algebra. This newer area started in the late 60s when Auslander introduced a class of finitely generated modules that have a complete resolution. Auslander used these modules to define the notion of the G-dimension of a finite module over a commutative noetherian local ring. Then Auslander and Bridger extended the definition to two sided noetherian rings (1969). The area really took off in the mid 90s, with the introduction of the Gorenstein (projective and injective) modules by Enochs and Jenda ([1]). Avramov, Buchweitz, Martsinkovsky, and Reiten proved that if the ring R is both right and left noetherian and if G is a finitely generated Gorenstein projective module, then Enochs’ and Jenda’s definition agrees with that of Auslander’s and Bridger’s of module of G-dimension zero. The Gorenstein flat modules were introduced by Enochs, Jenda and Torrecillas as another extension of Auslan- der’s Gorenstein dimension. The Gorenstein homological methods have proved to be very useful in characterizing various classes of rings.
    [Show full text]
  • A Duality Theorem for Generalized Local Cohomology
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 136, Number 8, August 2008, Pages 2749–2754 S 0002-9939(08)09400-8 Article electronically published on February 28, 2008 A DUALITY THEOREM FOR GENERALIZED LOCAL COHOMOLOGY MARC CHARDIN AND KAMRAN DIVAANI-AAZAR (Communicated by Bernd Ulrich) Abstract. We prove a duality theorem for graded algebras over a field that implies several known duality results: graded local duality, versions of Serre duality for local cohomology and of Suzuki duality for generalized local coho- mology, and Herzog-Rahimi bigraded duality. 1. Introduction Several duality results for local cohomology (notably Grothendieck and Serre du- alities) and for generalized local cohomology (Suzuki duality) are classical results commonly used in commutative algebra. A more recent duality theorem was estab- lished by Herzog and Rahimi in the context of bigraded algebras. We here present a duality result that encapsulates all these duality statements. Before stating this theorem, we need to set some notation. Let Γ be an abelian group and R be a Γ-graded polynomial ring over a commu- tative Noetherian ring R0. For a Γ-graded R-ideal I, we recall from [CCHS] that the grading of R is I-sharp i ∈ if HI (R)γ is a finitely generated R0-module for any γ Γandanyi.Ifthisisthe i case, then HI (M)γ is also a finitely generated R0-module for any finitely generated graded R-module M,anyγ ∈ Γandanyi. InthecasewhereS = S0[x1,...,xm,y1,...,yn] is a graded quotient of R = R0[X1,...,Xm,Y1,...,Yn], p := (x1,...,xm)andq := (y1,...,yn), we define the grading of S to be p-sharp (equivalently q-sharp) if the following condition is sat- isfied: for all γ ∈ Γ, |{ ∈ m × n }| ∞ (α, β) Z≥0 Z≥0 : αi deg(xi)=γ + βj deg(yj) < .
    [Show full text]