DOCSLIB.ORG

Accidental Pollution Simulated System and Pollutant Traesboundary Transport Problems for the River Tura

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Accidental Pollution Simulated System and Pollutant Traesboundary Transport Problems for the River Tura Destructive Water: Water-Caused Natural Disasters, their Abatement and Control (Proceedings of the Conference held at Anaheim, California, June 1996). IAHS Publ. no. 239, 1997. 275 Accidental pollution simulated system and pollutant traesboundary transport problems for the River Tura NATALIA N. SHAGALOVA The Russian Research Institute for Complex Utilization and Protection of Water Resources, Mira 23, Ekaterinburg 620049, Russia Abstract The quality of the River Tura in the state of Tumen (middle Urals and west Siberian region) is often affected by industrial discharges from the neighbouring state of Sverdlovsk, which is located upstream and has a concentration of large-scale metallurgical and machine-building industries. Modelling the transport of pollutants from accidental spills is extremely important for the protection of the environment and drinking water resources downstream. A good model allows one to forecast water quality and to give a warning even before the spill crosses the boundary between the states of Sverdlovsk and Tumen. The algorithms for accidental spill transport cover the period from the onset of a spill to the moment it reaches the border of the state of Tumen. The forecast is based on preliminary information on the spill and on a database for potential spill sources. Transfer functions are used for calculating when the spill will arrive at the boundary and to provided a first estimation of the maximum concentration of the spill there. INTRODUCTION The problem of accidental spills as one of the extreme sources of water pollution is very important and common in every country (Clark et al., 1990). The Tura River is 1030 km long and is the largest river in Sverdlovsk state. It has a catchment area of 80 400 km2 and has more than 2.5 million inhabitants. The main tributaries of the Tura are the rivers Pyshma (603 km long), Nitsa (556 km), Tagil (414 km), and Salda (182 km). The largest part of the Tura flows through the state of Sverdlovsk and has high concentrations of heavy industry along its banks. The lower Tura (258 km) flows through the state of Tumen including its capital city also called Tumen. Tumen is about 80 km downstream from the boundary with the state of Sverdlovsk and uses the river as a drinking water source. Tumen is therefore extremely vulnerable to pollution from spills and reliable forecast of incidents of accidental pollution are very necessary. Travel times for a spill that would affect Tumen are about 3-5 days after an accident. The high concentrations of industry along the banks of the Tura make the threat of accidental spills high. There are 11 hydrochemical observation points in Sverdlovsk state, where sampling for river water quality analyses is undertaken several times a month. This is insufficient for observation of the actual water quality and for cases of accidental pollution. 276 Natalia N. Shagalova THE TRANSBOUNDARY TRANSPORT PROBLEM After a spillage event, the body responsible for the accident has an obligation to notify the appropriate organizations and services responsible for water quality monitoring, monitoring spills, remedial action, notification of the public, inter­ regional communication etc. These services in turn must notify the territories downstream about the spill and provide information about the type of pollution that will affect the neighbouring state of Tumen (expected arrival time, type, magnitude and concentration of pollution). A draft agreement has been drawn up on the common use and protection of the quality of transboundary water bodies of the Tura River basin between the states of Sverdlovsk and Tumen, including inter-regional communications and remedial action to be taken in the case on an accidental spill (Tchernyaev et al, 1994). According to this agreement it was decided to install a monitoring station at the boundary between the states of Sverdlovsk and Tumen. This would allow continuous monitoring of water quality and alert the necessary organizations when a spill crosses the boundary. At the present time this agreements is only in draft form and remedial measures are not often implemented. As a result, accidental spills become a problem for those downstream. The main problems for the state of Tumen in the case of an accidental spill are "what, when, and how much" will arrive at the boundary and at the drinking water intakes. MODELLING SYSTEM FOR ACCIDENTAL SPILLS In the framework of the draft agreement, the transboundary pollution transport simulation system (BOUNDARY) for accidental spills was developed as a tool for early warning, water supply protection, and for the management of remedial measures. Also, the problems associated with the interface between an off-line application of software for pollution transport simulation and on-line monitoring systems have been investigated in the special case where only one monitoring station is situated at the boundary between the two states (Shagalova et al., 1994a). One of the major problems during the design of this modelling system was the possibility of predicting the fate of a pollutant and its transport in the case when information about a spill is inadequate. As such a situation is likely to occur, a database was set up containing an inventory of all the industrial sites in the Tura catchment which might cause considerable water pollution in the event of an accidental spillage. For each plant a list was drawn up of the substances that would threaten water quality. This database was added to the warning system as well as databases with associated hydraulic, chemical and geographic information. The forecast can now be based on preliminary information about the spill and on data of potential spill sources. DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD The transport of a pollution spill along the reach downstream from the site of the Accidental pollution simulated system for the River Tura 277 spill to the boundary of the region is computed using the method of "transfer functions". This method has been applied often to describe transport properties for complex water systems (Dreiss, 1989). Let px(f) be the function of the spill (i.e. evolution of the pollution concentration with time at the location of the spill). Then at the controlling boundary the concentration will be: p2{t)=)î{t-t')Pi{f)àf (1) where the transfer function f can be defined both by a theoretical model and by an analysis of the data from known pollution transport events. Because hydraulic data for a river reach are incomplete and the model we apply has low accuracy, we use the simplest form of the function f which allows us to describe the main transport properties of water bodies: f(0 = 0, t < T \t-T~ [-(t-T) ,J (2) f(0 ID2 _ exp I D -kT\ t > T Here T is the time of transport of pollution from the location of the spill to the controlled boundary, and k is the decay rate. The value D gives the time extension of the pollution stain. We also introduce the relative extension of the stain: D„+D a-^r (3) where Dn is the duration of the spill. Thus in our model the transport function into an adjacent territory is characterized by two parameters: the time delay T and the relative extension a (Shagalova et al., 1994b). DISCUSSION The method discussed in this paper provides an estimate of the fate of an accidental spill when there are incomplete initial and transport data— a situation typical of transboundary transport problems. The method is based on the transfer function technique. An alternative method for modelling pollutant transport is a numerical solution of the advection-dispersion equation which has been well investigated and often used (Gils, 1990; Kummer, 1993). However, detailed flow conditions along the river and initial spill data are required for this method to be applied reliably. If these data are incomplete (either inaccurate or partial) the method becomes less advantageous and the transfer function method is preferable. It allows a great variety of calibration techniques, including the application of a theoretical model or functions based on spill observations. Thus this method has significant flexibility and adjustability for modelling complex water systems. 278 Natalia N. Shagalova REFERENCES Clark, R. M., Vicory, A. H. & Goodreich, J. A. (1990) The Ohio River oil spill: a case study. J. Am. Wat. Wks Ass. 3, 39-44. Dreiss, S. J. (1989) Regional scale transport in a karst aquifer. Wat. Resour. Res. 25, 126-134. Gils, J. A. G. van (1990) Modelling of Accidental Spills as a Tool for River Management. Delft Hydraulics Publ. no. 431, The Netherlands. Kummer, S. (1993) Water Supply and Spill Response Management for the Mississippi River Upstream of the Twin Cities. US Army Corps of Engineers, St Paul District. Shagalova, N. N., Shagalov, A. G. & Tretjakov, S. V. (1994a) Water quality modelling for accidental pollution spills as a component of river basin monitoring and management systems. In: Proc. Monitoring Tailor-made (Beekbergen, The Netherlands, September 1994), 328-331. Shagalova, N. N., Shagalov. A. G. & Tretjakov, S. V. (1994b) Transboundary modelling system for accidental pollution spills for the Tura River. Report no. 18 of the Russian Research Inst, for Complex Utilization and Protection of Water Resources, Ekaterinburg, Russia. Tchernyaev, A. M., Prokhorova, N. B., Pozdina, E. A. & Loginova, L. 1. (1994) The draft of the agreement about the common use and protection of transboundary water bodies of the Tura River basin between Russian federation states of Sverdlovsk and Tumen. Final Report Russian Research Inst, for Complex Utilization and Protection of Water Resources, Ekaterinburg, Russia. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ACQUIRING FAITH a Siberian Childhood
    A JOURNAL OF ORTHODOX FAITH AND CULTURE ROAD TO EMMAUS Help support Road to Emmaus Journal. The Road to Emmaus staff hopes that you find our journal inspiring and useful. While we offer our past articles on-line free of charge, we would warmly appreciate your help in covering the costs of producing this non-profit journal, so that we may continue to bring you quality articles on Orthodox Christianity, past and present, around the world. Thank you for your support. Please consider a donation to Road to Emmaus by visiting the Donate page on our website. ACQUIRING FAITH A Siberian Childhood by Nina Kartasheva The compelling story of a Soviet childhood through the eyes of a woman born to Orthodox exiles in the Ural town of Verkhoturye. Nina Kartasheva’s childhood recollections are offset by her account of a later critical illness and the miraculous intervention of the last Russian Royal Family. “The rule of faith and the model of meekness...” I’m reading, as I often do, the troparion to St. Nicholas and remembering the days of my childhood in the far-away Northern Urals, in Verkhoturye, where both my grandmoth- ers were exiled in the 30’s with their children, who afterwards became my parents. I appeared at a later, calmer time when there were no repressions and no one considered my grandmothers to be exiles. Under Krushchev, however, the attitude towards the faith again became blasphemous, to put it mildly, and intolerant if we choose to use harder and more truthful words. Despite everything, traditions were kept up in the old Russian families, along with religious practices and the faith itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Systemic Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban Agglomerations
    ISSN 2007-9737 Systemic Criteria for the Evaluation of the Role of Monofunctional Towns in the Formation of Local Urban Agglomerations Pavel P. Makagonov1, Lyudmila V. Tokun2, Liliana Chanona Hernández3, Edith Adriana Jiménez Contreras4 1 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Russia 2 State University of Management, Finance and Credit Department, Russia 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Mecánica y Eléctrica, Mexico 4 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Mexico [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract. There exist various federal and regional monotowns do not possess any distinguishing self- programs aimed at solving the problem of organization peculiarities in comparison to other monofunctional towns in the periods of economic small towns. stagnation and structural unemployment occurrence. Nevertheless, people living in such towns can find Keywords. Systemic analysis, labor migration, labor solutions to the existing problems with the help of self- market, agglomeration process criterion, self- organization including diurnal labor commuting migration organization of monotown population. to the nearest towns with a more stable economic situation. This accounts for the initial reason for agglomeration processes in regions with a large number 1 Introduction of monotowns. Experimental models of the rank distribution of towns in a system (region) and evolution In this paper, we discuss the problems of criteria of such systems from basic ones to agglomerations are explored in order to assess the monotown population using as an example several intensity of agglomeration processes in the systems of monotowns located in Siberia (Russia). In 2014 the towns in the Middle and Southern Urals (the Sverdlovsk Government of the Russian Federation issued two and Chelyabinsk regions of Russia).
    [Show full text]
  • Nuclear Status Report Additional Nonproliferation Resources
    NUCLEAR NUCLEAR WEAPONS, FISSILE MATERIAL, AND STATUS EXPORT CONTROLS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION REPORT NUMBER 6 JUNE 2001 RUSSIA BELARUS RUSSIA UKRAINE KAZAKHSTAN JON BROOK WOLFSTHAL, CRISTINA-ASTRID CHUEN, EMILY EWELL DAUGHTRY EDITORS NUCLEAR STATUS REPORT ADDITIONAL NONPROLIFERATION RESOURCES From the Non-Proliferation Project Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Russia’s Nuclear and Missile Complex: The Human Factor in Proliferation Valentin Tikhonov Repairing the Regime: Preventing the Spread of Weapons of Mass Destruction with Routledge Joseph Cirincione, editor The Next Wave: Urgently Needed Steps to Control Warheads and Fissile Materials with Harvard University’s Project on Managing the Atom Matthew Bunn The Rise and Fall of START II: The Russian View Alexander A. Pikayev From the Center for Nonproliferation Studies Monterey Institute of International Studies The Chemical Weapons Convention: Implementation Challenges and Solutions Jonathan Tucker, editor International Perspectives on Ballistic Missile Proliferation and Defenses Scott Parish, editor Tactical Nuclear Weapons: Options for Control UN Institute for Disarmament Research William Potter, Nikolai Sokov, Harald Müller, and Annette Schaper Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes Updated by Tariq Rauf, Mary Beth Nikitin, and Jenni Rissanen Russian Strategic Modernization: Past and Future Rowman & Littlefield Nikolai Sokov NUCLEAR NUCLEAR WEAPONS, FISSILE MATERIAL, AND STATUS EXPORT CONTROLS IN THE FORMER SOVIET UNION REPORT NUMBER 6 JUNE
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Territories and Empires: from Mongol Ulus to Russian Siberia1200-1800 Stephen Kotkin
    Defining Territories and Empires: from Mongol Ulus to Russian Siberia1200-1800 Stephen Kotkin (Princeton University) Copyright (c) 1996 by the Slavic Research Center All rights reserved. The Russian empire's eventual displacement of the thirteenth-century Mongol ulus in Eurasia seems self-evident. The overthrow of the foreign yoke, defeat of various khanates, and conquest of Siberia constitute core aspects of the narratives on the formation of Russia's identity and political institutions. To those who disavow the Mongol influence, the Byzantine tradition serves as a counterweight. But the geopolitical turnabout is not a matter of dispute. Where Chingis Khan and his many descendants once held sway, the Riurikids (succeeded by the Romanovs) moved in. *1 Rather than the shortlived but ramified Mongol hegemony, which was mostly limited to the middle and southern parts of Eurasia, longterm overviews of the lands that became known as Siberia, or of its various subregions, typically begin with a chapter on "pre-history," which extends from the paleolithic to the moment of Russian arrival in the late sixteenth, early seventeenth centuries. *2 The goal is usually to enable the reader to understand what "human material" the Russians found and what "progress" was then achieved. Inherent in the narratives -- however sympathetic they may or may not be to the native peoples -- are assumptions about the historical advance deriving from the Russian arrival and socio-economic transformation. In short, the narratives are involved in legitimating Russia's conquest without any notion of alternatives. Of course, history can also be used to show that what seems natural did not exist forever but came into being; to reveal that there were other modes of existence, which were either pushed aside or folded into what then came to seem irreversible.
    [Show full text]
  • Subject of the Russian Federation)
    How to use the Atlas The Atlas has two map sections The Main Section shows the location of Russia’s intact forest landscapes. The Thematic Section shows their tree species composition in two different ways. The legend is placed at the beginning of each set of maps. If you are looking for an area near a town or village Go to the Index on page 153 and find the alphabetical list of settlements by English name. The Cyrillic name is also given along with the map page number and coordinates (latitude and longitude) where it can be found. Capitals of regions and districts (raiony) are listed along with many other settlements, but only in the vicinity of intact forest landscapes. The reader should not expect to see a city like Moscow listed. Villages that are insufficiently known or very small are not listed and appear on the map only as nameless dots. If you are looking for an administrative region Go to the Index on page 185 and find the list of administrative regions. The numbers refer to the map on the inside back cover. Having found the region on this map, the reader will know which index map to use to search further. If you are looking for the big picture Go to the overview map on page 35. This map shows all of Russia’s Intact Forest Landscapes, along with the borders and Roman numerals of the five index maps. If you are looking for a certain part of Russia Find the appropriate index map. These show the borders of the detailed maps for different parts of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Determine Heavy Metals in Water, Aquatic Plants, and Sediment in Water Systems
    E3S Web of Conferences 222, 02028 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022202028 DAIC 2020 Determine heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediment in water systems Hassan Flefel1,2,*, Denis Nokhrin3, and Irina Donnik1 1Ural State Agrarian University, Department of Infectious and Non-infectious Pathology, 620075 Yekaterinburg, Russia. 2Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Department of Environmental Researches and Medical Malacology, Imbaba, PO Box-30, Giza, Egypt. 3Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences», 620142 Yekaterinburg, Russia Abstract. Objective: Biomonitoring pollution of water bodies with heavy metals using evaluation of the level of concentration of heavy metals in water, aquatic plants, and sediments in 9 important rivers and lakes in the water bodies of Yekaterinburg. (Eight rivers and one lake). Methods: Sample preparation for the atomic absorption determination of the acid- soluble "mobile" form of eight metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) in the composition of bottom sediments was carried out by the method of wet mineralization in accordance with the Methodological Guidelines the definition of heavy metals. Results: All concentrations of heavy metals in sediments and aquatic plants were higher than in a water sample. Conclusions: Concentrations of all water samples were within acceptable limits established by WHO, while the concentrations of all aquatic plants and sediment were above the acceptable limits of WHO. 1 Introduction River ecosystems are under constant pressure from anthropogenic pollutants that come from different locations in the catchment area or at distant locations. Many pollutants containing heavy metals are toxic to aquatic life and output lethal or sub-lethal adverse effects on biota [1].
    [Show full text]
  • Russia's Regions: Goals, Challenges, Achievements'
    Russia National Human Development Report Russian Federation 2006/2007 Russia’s Regions: Goals, Challenges, Achievements Russia National Human Development Report Russian Federation 2006/2007 Russia’s Regions: Goals, Challenges, Achievements The National Human Development Report 2006/2007 for the Russian Federation has been prepared by a team of Russian experts and consultants. The analysis and policy recommendations in this Report do not necessarily reflect the views of the UN system and the institutions by which the experts and consultants are employed. Chief authors: Sub-faculty of Geography Department at Irkutsk State Prof. Sergei N. Bobylev, Dr.Sc. (Economics), Department of University (Box. Irkutsk Region) Economics at Lomonosov Moscow State University Albina A. Shirobokova, Ph.D. (Economics), Associate Professor Anastassia L. Alexandrova, Ph.D. (Economics), Executive of Sociology and Social work Department at Irkutsk Director at the Institute for Urban Economics State Technical University; President of Baikal Regional Prof. Natalia V. Zubarevich, Dr.Sc. (Geography), Department Women’s Association ‘Angara’ (Box. Irkutsk Region) of Geography at Lomonosov Moscow State University; Prof. Lidiya M. Shodoyeva, Ph.D. (Economics), Department Head of Regional Programs at the Independent Institute of Management at Gorno-Altai State University (Box. Altai for Social Policy Republic) Taiciya B Bardakhanova, Ph.D. (Economics), Chief of Authors: Economics of Environmental Management and Tourism Prof. Natalia V. Zubarevich (Chapters 1–3, 5–7. Survey of Department at the Ministry of Economic Development Federal Districts. Chapter 9) and External Relations of the Republic of Buryatia (Box. Ivan Y. Shulga, Ph.D. (Economics), Consultant at the Republic of Buryatia) Department of Social Programmes of the World Bank Elena A.
    [Show full text]
  • Offices and Branches
    OFFICES AND BRANCHES MOSCOW A-Club «Barvikha» Moscow region, 8th km, Rublevo-Uspenskoe shosse, Odintsovskiy area, Barvikha, 114 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. - Sat.: 10:00 – 21:00, Sun.: 11:00 – 18:00 A-Club «Presnenskaya» Krasnaya Presnia st., 12/1 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:30 – 21:00 A-Club «Yakimanka» B. Yakimanka st., 19, bld 1 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:30 – 21:00 «Alekseevskiy» Mira prospect, 91, korp. 2 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:00 – 20:00, Sun.:12:00 – 20:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 20:00 «Bagrationovskiy» Bargrationovskiy proezd, 7, korp 3 (Gorbushkin Dvor) Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 10:00 – 21:00, Sun.: 10:00 – 20:00 «Baltiyskiy» Leningradskiy prospect, 74, korp. 1 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:00 – 20:00, Sun.: 12:00 – 20:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 20:00 «Belyaevo» Profsoyuznaya st., 104 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 10:00 – 20:00, Sun.: 12:00 – 20:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 20:00 «Bratislavskiy» Pererva st., 43, korp. 1 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:00 – 20:00, Sun.: 12:00 – 20:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 20:00 «Danilovskiy» Bolshaya Tulskaya st., 2 Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 09:00 – 20:00, Sun.: 12:00 – 20:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 20:00 Add.office «Odintsovo» Moscow region, Mozhaiskoe shosse, 76 a Operation time (retail clients): Mon. – Sat.: 10:00 – 21:00, Sun.: 13:00 – 21:00 Last Sunday of the month: 15:00 – 21:00 «Zemlyanoi val» Zemlyanoi val st., 13-16/11.
    [Show full text]
  • Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the Former Soviet Union [FSU]
    Annotations for Monthly Discharges for 2400 Rivers and Streams of the former Soviet Union [FSU] v1.1, September, 2001 Byron A. Bodo [email protected] Toronto, Canada Disclaimer Users assume responsibility for errors in the river and stream discharge data, associated metadata [river names, gauge names, drainage areas, & geographic coordinates], and the annotations contained herein. No doubt errors and discrepancies remain in the metadata and discharge records. Anyone data set users who uncover further errors and other discrepancies are invited to report them to NCAR. Acknowledgement Most discharge records in this compilation originated from the State Hydrological Institute [SHI] in St. Petersburg, Russia. Problems with some discharge records and metadata notwithstanding; this compilation could not have been created were it not for the efforts of SHI. The University of New Hampshire’s Global Hydrology Group is credited for making the SHI Arctic Basin data available. Foreword This document was prepared for on-screen viewing, not printing !!! Printed output can be very messy. To ensure wide accessibility, this document was prepared as an MS Word 6 doc file. The www addresses are not active hyperlinks. They have to be copied and pasted into www browsers. Clicking on a page number in the Table of Contents will jump the cursor to the beginning of that section of text [in the MS Word version, not the pdf file]. Distribution Files Files in the distribution package are listed below: Contents File name short abstract abstract.txt ascii description of
    [Show full text]
  • Contribution of Liquid Wastes from Beloyarsk NPP to Contamination of Pyshma River Basin in the Urals
    Radio-protection - Collogues, volume 37, CI (2002) Cl-661 Contribution of liquid wastes from Beloyarsk NPP to contamination of Pyshma river basin in the Urals Ye.N. Karavaeva and I.V. Molchanova Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology of Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta Street 202, 620219 Ekaterinburg, Russia Abstract. We studied the distribution of radionuclides in the components of the swamp-river ecosystem into which weakly radioactive debalance water from the Beloyarsk nuclear Power Plant was discharged during 35 years. We estimated the influence of this ecosystem on the Olkhovka and Pyshma rivers connected with the swamp in the same hydrographic system. During operation of 3 units of the power station the content of 60Co, '"Sr and l37Cs in the swamp water was 2.5, 0.7 and 15.6 Bq 1"' respectively. Concentration of 60Co and l37Cs in the sediments of the ecosystem under study was units and tens of kBq kg"1 dry weight respectively, while concentration of'"Sr was only tens - hundreds of Bq kg"' dry weight. According to calculations about 3.7'io12Bq nas deposited in bottom sediments. When the first two units of the power station were out of operation the content of radionuclides in the water and sediments decreased significantly as a result of a decreased discharge, natural radioactive decay and the washout into the river system. 13 Cs was the main pollutant of the Olkhovsk swamp-river ecosystem. Significant quantities of this radionuclide were discovered in bottom sediments of the Pyshma 50 km from the pollution source. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Resolution # 784 of the Government of the Russian Federation Dated July
    Resolution # 784 of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 17, 1998 On the List of Joint-Stock Companies Producing Goods (Products, Services) of Strategic Importance for Safeguarding National Security of the State with Federally-Owned Shares Not to Be Sold Ahead of Schedule (Incorporates changes and additions of August 7, August 14, October 31, November 14, December 18, 1998; February 27, August 30, September 3, September 9, October 16, December 31, 1999; March 16, October 19, 2001; and May 15, 2002) In connection with the Federal Law “On Privatization of State Property and Fundamental Principles of Privatizing Municipal Property in the Russian Federation”, and in accordance with paragraph 1 of Decree # 478 of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 11, 1995 “On Measures to Guarantee the Accommodation of Privatization Revenues in thee Federal Budget” (Sobraniye Zakonodatelstva Rossiyskoy Federatsii, 1995, # 20, page 1776; 1996, # 39, page 4531; 1997, # 5, page 658; # 20, page 2240), the Government of the Russian Federation has resolved: 1. To adopt the List of Joint-Stock Companies Producing Goods (Products, Services) of Strategic Importance for Safeguarding National Security of the State with Federally-Owned Shares Not to Be Sold Ahead of Schedule (attached). In accordance with Decree # 1514 of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 21, 2001, pending the adoption by the President of the Russian Federation in concordance with Article 6 of the Federal Law “On Privatization of State and Municipal Property” of lists of strategic enterprises and strategic joint-stock companies, changes and additions to the list of joint-stock companies adopted by this Resolution shall bee introduced by Resolutions of the Government of the Russian Federation issued on the basis of Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation.
    [Show full text]
  • Russian Cartography to Ca. 1700 L
    62 • Russian Cartography to ca. 1700 L. A. Goldenberg the Sources of the Cartography of Russia,” Imago Mundi 16 (1962): The perception of a “foreign beginning” to Russian car- 33– 48. 1 tography is deeply rooted. It has been fostered by the 2. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s large world map, Eastern Europe is placed on eight irretrievable loss of indigenous Russian maps of pre- sheets (nos. 54 –57, 64 –67), which show the Caspian lands, Bashkiria, seventeenth-century date, along with the unfamiliarity Volga Bulgaria, the upper reaches of the Severny (Severskiy) Donets, the with other sources. Thus the traditional cartographic im- Black Sea area, the lower Dniester area, the upper Dnieper area, the Carpathians, the Danube area, and the Baltic area, whereas the north- age of Russia was that provided by the Western European ern Caucasus and the lower Volga area are more distorted. In al-Idrı¯sı¯’s mapmakers. The name “Russia” first appeared in this map, sources for the ancient centers of ninth-century Rus are combined foreign cartographic record in the twelfth century. For ex- with more precise data on the well-traveled trade routes of the twelfth ample, on the Henry of Mainz mappamundi (ca. 1110), century. For al-Idrı¯sı¯ and the map of 1154, see S. Maqbul Ahmad, “Car- it is placed north of the mouth of the Danube; on the map tography of al-Sharı¯f al-Idı¯sı¯,” in HC 2.1:156 –74; Konrad Miller, Map- 2 pae arabicae: Arabische Welt- und Länderkarten des 9.–13. Jahrhun- of the cartographer al-Idrı¯sı¯ (1154), interesting geo- derts, 6 vols.
    [Show full text]