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Foça Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi Akdeniz Foku T.C. ÇEVRE VE ORMAN BAKANLIĞI ÖZEL ÇEVRE KORUMA KURUMU BAŞKANLIĞI KÖYCEĞİZ-DALYAN ÖZEL ÇEVRE KORUMA BÖLGESİ DENİZ VE KIYI ALANLARINDA BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU KASIM 2010 T.C. ÇEVRE VE ORMAN BAKANLIĞI ÖZEL ÇEVRE KORUMA KURUMU BAŞKANLIĞI KÖYCEĞİZ-DALYAN ÖZEL ÇEVRE KORUMA BÖLGESİ DENİZ VE KIYI ALANLARINDA BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİĞİN TESPİTİ PROJESİ SONUÇ RAPORU Proje Ekibi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Kemal Can BİZSEL (Proje Yürütücüsü) Serpil KOZLUDERE (İdari Sorumlu) Prof. Dr. Şükrü BEŞİKTEPE Prof. Dr. Nihayet BİZSEL Doç. Dr. Erdem SAYIN Yrd. Doç. Dr. Ahsen YÜKSEK Uzm. Gökhan KABOĞLU Araş. Gör. Dr. Barış AKÇALI Araş. Gör. Dr. Elif Can YILMAZ Araş. Gör. Remzi KAVCIOĞLU Araş. Gör. Tarık İLHAN Araş. Gör. Murat ÖZAYDINLI Biyolog Fethi BENGİL Biyolog Reyhan SÖNMEZ Biyolog Janset KANKUŞ Balıkçılık Tek. Müh. Şebnem KUŞÇU Biyolog Tuba TÜMER Biyolog Ceren ERGÜDEN Biyolog Özge ÖZGEN Biyolog Damla HEPSÖĞÜTLÜ KASIM 2010 İÇİNDEKİLER ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ................................................................................................................... iv TABLOLAR LİSTESİ................................................................................................................. ix EKLER LİSTESİ ......................................................................................................................... xi ÖNSÖZ ....................................................................................................................................... xii 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................................ 1 2. PROJE ALANI ......................................................................................................................... 3 3. PROJENİN AMACI ................................................................................................................. 6 4. PROJENİN KAPSAMI............................................................................................................. 7 5. PROJENİN HEDEFLERİ ......................................................................................................... 8 6. PROJENİN YÖNTEMSEL YAKLAŞIMI ............................................................................... 9 7. ARAZİ ÇALIŞMALARI .......................................................................................................... 9 7.1 Örnekleme ve Ölçümler .................................................................................................... 10 7.1.1 Biyoekolojik Araştırma ve Örneklemeler ................................................................... 10 7.1.1.1 Gözlem Tabanlı Biyoekolojik Araştırmalar ........................................................ 10 7.1.1.2 Biyoekolojik Analiz Örneklemeleri...................................................................... 15 7.1.2 Fiziksel Araştırma ve Ölçümler ................................................................................. 20 7.2 Anket Çalışması ................................................................................................................ 24 7.3 Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) ............................................................................................. 26 8. BULGULAR........................................................................................................................... 28 8.1 Biyolojik Veri ve Bulgular................................................................................................ 29 8.1.1 Gözlem Tabanlı Biyoekolojik Araştırma Bulguları.................................................... 29 8.1.1.1 Tür Gözlem Bulguları ......................................................................................... 29 8.1.1.2 Habitat Gözlem Bulguları................................................................................... 37 8.1.1.2.1 Ekincik Koyu ............................................................................................... 37 i 8.1.1.2.2 İztuzu Sahili ................................................................................................. 42 8.1.1.2.3 Kargıcak Koyu ............................................................................................. 45 8.1.2 Biyoekolojik Analiz Örneklemeleri............................................................................. 47 8.1.2.1 Plankton .............................................................................................................. 47 8.1.2.2 Bentos.................................................................................................................. 57 8.2 Fiziksel Veri ve Bulgular .................................................................................................. 66 8.2.1 Deniz Suyu Fiziksel Özellikleri .................................................................................. 66 8.2.2 Akıntı Sistemi.............................................................................................................. 73 8.3 Anket Veri ve Bulguları.................................................................................................... 76 8.3.1 Köyceğiz-Dalyan ÖÇKB’nde Kooperatif Faaliyetleri ............................................... 77 8.3.2 Köyceğiz-Dalyan ÖÇKB’nde Deniz Alanında Yürütülen Balıkçılık Faaliyeti Özellikleri............................................................................................................................ 80 8.3.2.1 Filo Özellikleri .................................................................................................... 80 8.3.2.2 Avcılık Faaliyetleri Özellikleri............................................................................ 80 8.3.2.3 Alan Kullanım Özellikleri ................................................................................... 89 8.3.2.4 Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapı Özellikleri........................................................................ 91 9. DEĞERLENDİRME............................................................................................................... 95 9.1 Ekolojik Kaynaklar ........................................................................................................... 95 9.2 Türler............................................................................................................................... 102 9.3 Kaynak Kullanımı ........................................................................................................... 117 10. ÖNERİLER......................................................................................................................... 126 11. KAYNAKÇA...................................................................................................................... 132 EKLER...................................................................................................................................... 139 EK 1: İŞ TAKVİMİ .............................................................................................................. 140 EK 2: DALIŞ HATLARI VE GPS NOKTALARI DETAY BİLGİLERİ ............................ 141 EK 3: ALAN İÇİN DOLDURULMUŞ SDF FORMU......................................................... 152 EK 4: BALIKÇILARA UYGULANAN ANKET FORMU ................................................. 158 ii EK 5: COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMİ YAPISI......................................................................... 164 EK 6: COĞRAFİ BİLGİ SİSTEMİ YAPISI VERİTABANI YAPISI.................................. 165 EK 7: TÜR LİSTESİ............................................................................................................. 168 EK 8: PLANKTON TÜR LİSTESİ ...................................................................................... 173 EK 9: TAKSONOMİK TÜR LİSTESİ ................................................................................. 176 EK 10: İSTASYON CTD PROFİLLERİ.............................................................................. 182 iii ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ Şekil 1: Köyceğiz-Dalyan Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi............................................................... 1 Şekil 2: Çalışma alanı A) Uydu görüntüsünde, B) Seyir haritasında............................................ 4 Şekil 3: Çalışma alanından bazı görüntüler: A) Ekincik Koyu, B) Kargıcak’da dik kayalık yapılar, C) Kargıcak kumsalı, D)İztuzu kumsalı, E) Delikada ve F) Ekincik-İztuzu arasında yer alan kıyı mağaraları....................................................................................................................... 5 Şekil 4: Proje alanında bazı deniz kullanımları: A) Ekincik Koyu’nda kanolar, B) Ekincik Koyu’nda tur tekneleri, C) Ekincik Koyu açığında marina ve D) İztuzu-Dalyan girişinde tur ve gezi tekneleri................................................................................................................................. 6 Şekil 5: A) Serbest dalış ekibi çalışma alanına giderken, B) Aletli dalış ekibi çalışmaya giderken....................................................................................................................................... 11 Şekil 6: Dalış hatlarının konumları. ............................................................................................ 12 Şekil 7: A) Ekincik koyunun doğu kıyısındaki Posidonia oceanica çayırlarının alt sınırı; Derinlik 35 m, B) Yoğun tekne trafiğine maruz kalan Ekincik koyundaki Posidonia oceanica çayırlarında çapaların yarttığı hasar; Derinlik 11 m.................................................................... 13
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