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Naked and Unashamed: a Study of the Aphrodite
Naked and Unashamed: A Study of the Aphrodite Anadyomene in the Greco-Roman World by Marianne Eileen Wardle Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Sheila Dillon, Supervisor ___________________________ Mary T. Boatwright ___________________________ Caroline A. Bruzelius ___________________________ Richard J. Powell ___________________________ Kristine Stiles Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopy in the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 ABSTRACT Naked and Unashamed: A Study of the Aphrodite Anadyomene in the Greco-Roman World by Marianne Eileen Wardle Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Sheila Dillon, Supervisor ___________________________ Mary T. Boatwright ___________________________ Caroline A. Bruzelius ___________________________ Richard J. Powell ___________________________ Kristine Stiles An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosopy in the Department of Art, Art History and Visual Studies in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Marianne Eileen Wardle 2010 Abstract This dissertation presents a study of the Aphrodite Anadyomene type in its cultural and physical contexts. Like many other naked Aphrodites, the Anadyomene was not posed to conceal the body, but with arms raised, naked and unashamed, exposing the goddess’ body to the gaze. Depictions of the Aphrodite Anadyomene present the female body as an object to be desired. The Anadyomene offers none of the complicated games of peek-a- boo which pudica Venuses play by shielding their bodies from view. Instead, the goddess offers her body to the viewer’s gaze and there is no doubt that we, as viewers, are meant to look, and that our looking should produce desire. -
Phryne in Modern Art, Cinema and Cartoon by Eleonora Cavallini The
Phryne in Modern Art, Cinema and Cartoon by Eleonora Cavallini The biographical data antiquity has bequeathed to us about Phryne, the 4th century b.C. Greek courtesan, is so romanced (and romanticized) as to make things very difficult for modern scholars who try to separate reality from fiction with a degree of accuracy. However, I think raising doubts about the historical authenticity of this fascinating yet disquieting female figure would be excessive. Similarly, the scepticism some scholars recently expressed about traditional data, such as Phryne’s famous trial, seems to be too radical.(1)A careful evaluation of the sources is of course mandatory, especially if one considers that these (except for the comic poets Timocles, Amphis and Poseidippus, whom we will discuss later) (2)mostly date from the 1st to the 4th century A.D. -therefore, not only were they written at a much later date than the events they narrate, but they also presumably reflect a penchant for anecdotal and sensational stories that was common among erudite authors of the Hellenistic-Roman period. In fact, when examining ancient documents about Phryne, one gets the impression that the first forger of her ‘myth’ was not a biographer nor a poet, but the woman herself, with her skilful use of provocative statements that were bound to cause a sensation, especially among conformists, as well as a series of carefully contrived, spectacular public appearances. Moreover, the sources emphasize Phryne’s tendency to ‘celebrate’ her own beauty by having expensive images of herself -
The Education of Artists in Ancient Greece
Hyperboreus 18:1 (2012) Antonio Corso THE EDUCATION OF ARTISTS IN ANCIENT GREECE Introductory Remarks The aim of this article is to collect the written evidence which may help us to understand what type of education and training ancient Greek artists enjoyed throughout the different ages and in the most important artistic centres. As I shall point out several documents may be also enlightening about the relations between masters and pupils and may indicate the infl uence of philosophical ideas on this phenomenon. I believe that this topic has been little studied and that several relevant sources have not yet been fully used in order to enhance our knowledge of this issue.1 These considerations hopefully justify the present study of this topic. Masters and pupils in the workshops of artists of archaic Greece In archaic Greece the rivalry among craftsmen who work with the same materials and the same techniques was very harsh. 1 I delivered lectures on the education of ancient Greek artists in the University of Pavia in March, 2007 as well as at Saint-Petersburg, in the Bibliotheca Classica, in September, 2007. I thank Prof. Harari, who invited me to deliver my lecture in Pavia, as well as Profs. Kazansky, Gavrilov, Verlinsky, who encouraged me to talk about the results of my research in Saint-Petersburg. About workshops in ancient Greece, see S. Nolte, Steinbruch – Werkstatt – Skulptur (Göttingen 2006) 9–303 who cites the most important previous bibliography. About workshops of painters see A. Anguissola, “La bottega dell’artista”, in: C. Gallazzi and S. Settis (eds.), Le tre vite del Papiro di Artemidoro (Milan 2006) 124–131 with relevant previous bibliography. -
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works
UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title The Art of the Body: Antiquity and Its Legacy, by Michael Squire Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6753b678 Author STEWART, AF Publication Date 2021-06-27 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Covering books and digital resources across all fields of history ISSN 1749-8155 The Art of the Body: Antiquity and Its Legacy • Book: The Art of the Body: Antiquity and Its Legacy Michael Squire London, I. B. Tauris, 2011, ISBN: 9781845119300; 256pp.; Price: £35.00 Reviewer: Professor Andrew Stewart University of California at Berkeley Citation: Professor Andrew Stewart, review of The Art of the Body: Antiquity and Its Legacy, (review no. 1295) URL: http://www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/1295 Date accessed: 26 July, 2012 As L. P. Hartley famously remarked in The Go-Between (1953), ‘The past is a foreign country: they do things differently there’. This was more prescient than he knew, for most of the English-speaking world now seems to view the past not merely as foreign but as totally alien – diverting at times, perhaps, but utterly irrelevant to them and their lives. To quote its publisher and editor, this ‘exciting new series’ aspires to change all that: ‘to show how antiquity is relevant to life today’. Aimed at ‘students and general readers ... it seeks to engage, provoke, and stimulate, and to show how, for large parts of the world, Graeco-Roman antiquity continues to be relevant to debates in culture, politics, and society’ (p. ix). A Quixotic crusade. -
Sex, Symbolists and the Greek Body Richard Warren
Sex, Symbolists and the Greek Body Richard Warren Links to online images of works discussed in the book Introduction Fernand Khnopff, With Verhaeren. An Angel, 1889. http://www.sothebys.com/en/auctions/ecatalogue/2007/19th-century-paintings-including- spanish-painting-and-symbolism-the-poetic-vision-l07103/lot.254.html František Bílek, Allegory of Our Age, 1895. http://sbirky.moravska-galerie.cz/dielo/CZE:MG.E_619-a Titian, Venus Anadyomene, c. 1520. https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/8687/venus-rising-sea-venus-anadyomene Venus of Milo, c. 150 bc. https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/aphrodite-known-venus-de-milo Praxiteles, Hermes and the Infant Dionysus, c. 350–330 bc. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Praxiteles/media/1/474116/184546 Belvedere Hermes, c. 117–138 ad. http://m.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani-mobile/en/collezioni/musei/museo-pio- clementino/Cortile-Ottagono/hermes-del-belvedere.html Apollo Belvedere, c. mid-second century ad. http://m.museivaticani.va/content/museivaticani-mobile/en/collezioni/musei/museo-pio- clementino/Cortile-Ottagono/apollo-del-belvedere.html Auguste Rodin, Danaïd, 1889. http://www.musee-rodin.fr/en/collections/sculptures/danaid Alphonse Osbert, Evening in Antiquity, 1908. http://www.artchive.com/web_gallery/A/Alphonse-Osbert/An-Evening-in-Ancient-Times,- 1908.html Sex and the Symbolists Gustave Moreau, Salome Dancing before Herod, 1876. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/Salome_Dancing_before_Herod_by_G ustave_Moreau.jpg Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, The Poor Fisherman, 1881. https://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/works-in-focus/painting/commentaire_id/the-poor- fisherman- 3024.html?tx_commentaire_pi1%5BpidLi%5D=509&tx_commentaire_pi1%5Bfrom%5D=841&cH ash=7987593ccc Edouard Manet, Luncheon on the Grass, 1863. -
“Ask Iris Love”: Cnidus, Aphrodite and Unorthodox Archeology
Meghan Lacey _____________________________________________________________________________________ “Ask Iris Love”: Cnidus, Aphrodite and Unorthodox Archeology Art and Design Faculty Sponsor: Dr. Dorothy Joiner Abstract The existence of Praxiteles’ sculpture of the Aphrodite of Cnidus has long been regarded within the academic community as an unsolved mystery with many layers left to uncover. For many centuries, only the Roman copies of the sculpture could be referred to in order to comprehend the original stance and figure of Praxiteles’ Aphrodite, which was believed to have been completed in the fourth century B.C. Unfortunately, the remaining copies are believed to be from the late second century A.D. and therefore cannot be counted as reliable evidence to verify the authenticity of the rendition of Praxiteles’ original statue. The span of time between these periods may be too long to be sure of a correlation between the original Greek version and the Roman copies. According to J.J. Pollitt, Aphrodite of Cnidus inspired worship and reverence mostly due to her sensual physical features of her nude appearance, which was newly embraced by the cultural society of fourth century Greece (Art and Experience in Classical Greece 159). In the fifth century, Greek society had shunned the romantic and sexually idealized type of woman who could be objectified in art (Pollitt 159). Only one century later, the psychological changes in the collective conscious of Greece following the Peloponnesian War may have been main contributing factors resulting in a new Hellenistic age that ushered in the introduction of the female nude in Greek art (Pollitt 136-37). This period of Greek art was generally characterized by the emotional states of the facial expressions of the sculpted figures, as well as the exaggerated contrapposto poses of their bodies (Pollitt 159). -
Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome
Divine Images and Human Imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome Edited by Joannis Mylonopoulos LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Divine images and human imaginations in Ancient Greece and Rome / edited by Joannis Mylonopoulos. p. cm. – (Religions in the Graeco-Roman world, ISSN 0927-7633 ; v. 170) Includes bibliographical references and indexes. ISBN 978-90-04-17930-1 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Greece–Religion. 2. Rome–Religion. 3. Divine images and cult statues–Greece. 4. Divine images and cult statues–Rome. I. Mylonopoulos, Joannis. II. Title. III. Series. BL785.D58 2010 292.2'18–dc22 2009041612 ISSN 0927-7633 ISBN 978 90 04 17930 1 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Foreword.............................................................. vii Authors................................................................ ix Illustrations ........................................................... xiii Abbreviations......................................................... xvii Introduction: Divine images versus cult images. An endless story abouttheories,methods,andterminologies....................... 1 Joannis Mylonopoulos A pantheon without attributes? Goddesses and gods in Minoan andMyceneaniconography....................................... -
Περίληψη : Praxiteles Is the Most Famous Ancient Greek Sculptor of Statues of Deities After Phidias and the Greatest Artist of Fourth-Century Athens
IΔΡΥΜA ΜΕΙΖΟΝΟΣ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΣΜΟΥ Συγγραφή : Corso Antonio (4/11/2002) Για παραπομπή : Corso Antonio , "Praxiteles", 2002, Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Κωνσταντινούπολη URL: <http://www.ehw.gr/l.aspx?id=10583> Praxiteles Περίληψη : Praxiteles is the most famous ancient Greek sculptor of statues of deities after Phidias and the greatest artist of fourth-century Athens. Some configurations are peculiar to his art: figures of sinuous teenagers, in an S-shaped curve with smoothed surfaces, representing the deities of the sensual life, such as Eros, Aphrodite, Dionysus and the Satyrs. Moreover, his art became the symbol of the world of the courtesans during a period when this institution of Greek society was admired. Another salient feature of his art was the expression of subjective feelings, especially of love. Τόπος και Χρόνος Γέννησης Probably 395 BC. Praxiteles was an Athenian and was presumably born in Athens. He was probably of the deme of Sybridai. Τόπος και Χρόνος Θανάτου Probably 326 BC. Praxiteles may have died in Athens as well. Κύρια Ιδιότητα Sculptor in marble and bronze from 375 BC. At least from the early 360s, also owner of an established workshop of sculpture. He is known to have been active as a sculptor for 41 years, from 375 BC until 334 BC. 1. Birth-family Praxiteles was born probably in Athens around 395 BC. He had the Athenian citizenship and was probably of the deme of Sybridai.1 His father was probably Kephisodotos the Elder, the best-established Athenian bronze sculptor between 390 and 370 BC.2 Kephisodotos’sister married Phokion, a politician and a pupil of Plato. -
Originalveröffentlichung In: Roskill, Mark (Hrsg.): Hans Holbein
Originalveröffentlichung in: Roskill, Mark (Hrsg.): Hans Holbein : paintings, prints and reception ; [proceedings of the Symposium "Hans Holbein: Paintings, Prints, and Reception" ... held 21 - 22 november 1997 in Washington], New Haven, Conn. [u.a.] 2001, S. 141-153 JURGEN MULLER Universitat Hamburg The Eye of the Artist: Hans Holbein's Theory of Art f we compare the art of Hans Holbein with the Apelles of his time and thus affirmed the that of Albrecht Diirer, it seems that Holbein, value of portrait painting; on the other, he the artist from Basel, hides himself in his passed many polemical judgments on the i 4 work. In contrast to the Nuremberg master, fine arts in general. In no less than four pas Holbein left behind no letters or theoretical sages from The Praise of Folly, Erasmus writings, and the two artists were quite dif pointed to painting as a negative example. ferent also in their approaches to self-repre Again and again he spoke of the dangers sentation. The few miniatures we have from that painting holds for the trusting believer: Holbein can hardly equal the distinction of it is the worship of saints and religious relics Diirer's faithful likenesses of himself. that leads to confusing a representation Prominent among the art-historical ref with an archetype and causes Christians to erences related to Holbein is the Apelles "adhere to a silly, yet pleasant superstition." theme (the subject is integral to the story of Painting, he claimed, is just another example Lais, discussed herein), of which the artist of how the world wants to be deceived, of 1 made repeated use. -
The Capitoline and Medici Aphrodites, Four Nymphs at Elean Herakleia, and an Aphrodite at Megalopolismegalopoli Sss***
A Tale of Seven Nudes: The Capitoline and Medici Aphrodites, Four Nymphs at Elean Herakleia, and an Aphrodite at MegalopoliMegalopolissss*** The Capitoline Aphrodite (fig. 1) counts among the most copied statues of antiquity. In 1951, Bianca Felletti Maj collected 101 replicas of the type compared with 33 for the Medici Aphrodite (fig. 2) and a mere five for the so-called Aphrodite of the Troad; and many more examples have surfaced since. 1 Yet despite the Capitoline type’s popularity, the date, location and authorship of its original remain clouded, as does its relation to these other ‘pudica’-type Aphrodites, especially the Medici. Leaving aside the Aphro- dite of the Troad, this article presents new evidence that may resolve one of these problems and sheds some new light upon some of the others. 1. NARRATIVE AND CONTEXT First, what do we know about the Capitoline type (fig. 1)? Stark naked, the goddess stands on her left leg with her right leg relaxed. She covers her genitals with her left hand, begins to shield her breasts with her right hand, and starts to turn and glance to her left, apparently because some unexpected intruder has caught her attention. Beside her left leg stands a tall, slim water * This study was conceived in 1999, begun in 2005, and completed in summer 2008 on a visiting fellowship at the Deutsches Archäologisches Institut in Berlin. There, working through its splendid collection of periodicals, I came upon Xeni Arapoyianni’s publication of the Elean mirror illustrated in figs 9 and 10, which I had noticed in the Elis Museum nine years previously. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition CANEVARO, MIRKO How to cite: CANEVARO, MIRKO (2011) The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3263/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Mirko Canevaro The documents in the public speeches of Demosthenes: authenticity and tradition The thesis is concerned with the official documents (laws and decrees) preserved in the public speeches of the Demosthenic corpus (18, 21, 23, 24, 59). These documents purport to be Athenian statutes and, if authentic, would provide invaluable information about fourth-century Athenian history and institutions. The introduction gives an account of the presence of the documents in the corpora of the orators and in the manuscript tradition, summarizes previous scholarship and delineates a new methodology for analyzing the documents. -
The Art of Praxiteles V
The book is focused on the last works of the most famous late 198 classical sculptor of Greece, the Athenian Praxiteles: his oeuvre THE ART OF from around 340 to his death in 326 BC is analytically considered. The most important works of this master considered in this essay are the Eubuleus, the Phryne of Delphi, the Leconfield Aphrodite PRAXITELES V and the Sleeping Eros. The last years The last works of Praxiteles are particularly important because they shed light to the crucial moment of the decline of the free city of the Sculptor state and of the rise of the Hellenistic model of monarchy. around With these creations our artist depicted a world of beautiful tales and of mundane beauty which will be extremely influential during 340 to 326 BC the golden period of the Roman classicism as well as during the post – ancient Renaissances. Antonio Corso attended his curriculum of studies in classics and archaeol- ogy in Padua, Athens, Frankfurt and London. He published 111 scientific es- ANTONIO CORSO says which include several tens of articles in peer reviewed periodicals and 10 books in prestigious series. The most important areas covered by his studies are the ancient art criticism and the knowledge of classical Greek artists. The last years of the Sculptor around 340 to 326 BC In particular he collected in three books the written testimonia on Praxiteles and in other four books he reconstructed the life and oeuvre of this sculptor. He also delivered many lectures and papers in conferences in several aca- demic institutions and was awarded senior fellowships and honours by top research foundations.