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Gnome E KDE: Nemiciamici Gnome e KDE: nemiciamici Introduzione ai due desktop manager più diffusi per Linux Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 1 Licenza d'utilizzo Copyright c 2007, Diego Rondini Questo documento viene rilasciato secondo i termini della licenza Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org). L’utente è libero di: distribuire, comunicare al pubblico, rappresentare o esporre in pubblico la presente opera alle seguenti condizioni: Attribuzione Deve riconoscere la paternità dell’opera all’autore originario. Non commerciale Non può utilizzare quest’opera per scopi commerciali. No opere derivate Non può alterare, trasformare o sviluppare quest’opera. In occasione di ogni atto di riutilizzazione o distribuzione, deve chiarire agli altri i termini della licenza di quest’opera. Se ottiene il permesso dal titolare del diritto d’autore, è possibile rinunciare a ciascuna di queste condizioni. Le utilizzazioni libere e gli altri diritti non sono in nessun modo limitati da quanto sopra. Questo è un riassunto in lingua corrente dei concetti chiave della licenza completa (codice legale), reperibile sul sito Internet http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/legalcode Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 2 Sommario Introduzione ai desktop manager Gnome “ma Linux è semplice!” nascita, evoluzione, obiettivi caratteristiche, applicazioni e strumenti di configurazione KDE “il coltellino svizzero” storia, folklore, pregi e difetti l'”ecosistema” di KDE Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 3 Gnome: le origini Il progetto Gnome viene avviato nel 1997 da Miguel de Icaza e Federico Mena per fornire un desktop grafico con licenza libera per Linux. Caratteristiche scritto in linguaggio C librerie grafiche GTK+ progetto ufficiale GNU Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 4 Gnome: evoluzione Durante i primi anni rimane solamente una “brutta copia” di KDE. A poco a poco, grazie al contributo di volontari ed aziende importanti, vengono introdotte molte novità, tra cui una nuova interfaccia utente ridisegnata da zero. Contributori Intel Nokia IBM HP Sun Red Hat Canonical Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 5 Gnome: obiettivi Durante la fase di riprogettazione è stato deciso che l'interfaccia e tutti programmi avrebbero dovuto soddisfare delle “Human Interface Guidelines”, ovvero delle direttive di progettazione per rendere l'utilizzo da parte degli utenti facile ed intuitivo. Human Interface Guidelines interfaccia intuitiva disposizione razionale coerenza tra diversi software Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 6 Gnome oggi Gnome è arrivato alla versione 2.20 ed è, insieme a KDE, il desktop più utilizzato in ambito Linux. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 7 Gnome: le distribuzioni Al momento Gnome è il desktop manager più supportato dalle aziende ed è la scelta predefinita sulle più importanti distribuzioni: Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 8 Gnome: le applicazioni Esistono molte applicazioni di uso comune create dal progetto Gnome o che utilizzano le sue librerie GTK+ e che quindi risultano ben integrate con l'ambiente desktop. Esterne Progetto Gnome Mozilla Firefox/Thunderbird AbiWord Adobe Acrobat Reader Evolution Pannello driver ATI The Gimp Synaptic Inkscape Pidgin (ex Gaim) Nautilus Ekiga Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 9 Gnome: gli strumenti di configurazione Sebbene ogni distribuzione abbia le utilità di configurazione specifiche Gnome fornisce degli strumenti standard per la configurazione delle impostazioni più comuni. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 10 KDE: le origini Il progetto nasce nell'ottobre del 1996 dall'idea di Matthias Ettrich, all'epoca anch'esso, come Torvals, studente universitario. L'obiettivo era quello di realizzare un ambiente grafico di lavoro per Unix che fosse “bello” e “coerente”. I predecessori di KDE erano infatti abbastanza caotici e le applicazioni avevano comportamenti diversi. Caratteristiche scritto in linguaggio C++ librerie grafiche Qt multipiattaforma Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 11 KDE: fol«K»lore Uno dei predecessori di KDE è stato il Common Desktop Environment (CDE) sviluppato da HP, IBM e Sun. Il nome deriva appunto da un gioco di parole sostituendo la parola Common (normale) con Kool (storpiatura di “cool”, ovvero fantastico). Da allora è tradizione che le applicazioni KDE contengano quasi sempre una “K” nel nome. Esempi amaroK Kopete KMail Akgregator K3B Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 12 KDE: pregi e difetti KDE segue un approccio diverso da Gnome e lascia più libertà nella scrittura delle applicazioni agli autori. Vantaggi maggiore quantità di applicazioni interfacce orientate alla funzione programmi di altissima qualità (K3B, amaroK, KPDF) Svantaggi interfacce meno uniformi tra programmi diversi varie applicazioni che svolgono funzioni simili miriadi di opzioni disperse in menù intricati Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 13 KDE: Konqueror Konqueror è l'applicazione più importante di KDE in quanto svolge la stragrande maggioranza dei compiti necessari ad un utilizzo domestico. Esso è in grado infatti di funzionare come file manager, browser web, client a sistemi remoti (ftp, ssh) e visualizzatore di qualsiasi tipo di file grazie alla possibilità di inglobare al suo interno altre applicazioni KDE. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 14 KDE: Konqueror Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 15 KDE: amaroK amaroK è un bellissimo player musicale che fornisce tramite una semplice interfaccia moltissime funzioni: download delle copertine degli album, dei testi delle canzoni, gestione della collezione per artisti/album, dei gusti musicali e molto altro. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 16 KDE: K3B K3B è un programma di masterizzazione CD e DVD ispirato da Nero. È in grado inoltre di codificare e decodificare musica, video da CD audio, DVD e filmati. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 17 KDE: di tutto, di più Per KDE esistono applicazioni per tutte le necessità; ad esempio KtechLab è uno strumento di progettazione di circuiti elettronici, BibleTime è uno programma per lo studio della Bibbia in varie lingue, tra cui anche l'aramaico (!!!!). Potete trovare tutto ciò che vi serve su http://www.kde-apps.org/. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 18 KDE e le Qt KDE è basato sul toolkit grafico Qt sviluppato da Trolltech. Le Qt sono disponibili per Windows, Linux e Mac e sono utilizzate da programmi come Skype, Scribus, Quanta, pannello driver HP, Google Earth, Opera, Adobe Photoshop Album. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 19 KDE: il futuro La prossima versione sarà KDE 4, in uscita questo dicembre. Le novità saranno moltissime sia per quanto riguarda le librerie (la struttura portante), sia per quanto riguarda l'interfaccia con l'utente. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 20 Gnome: fonti Informazioni varie: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome Ariszló’s Linux Site (immagine Gnome 1): http://ariszlo.tripod.com/screenshots/gnome1.jpg Sito di Gnome (immagine Gnome 2.20 e sponsor): http://www.gnome.org/start/2.20/notes/en/ http://foundation.gnome.org/ Blog pollycoke (immagine gedit): http://pollycoke.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/clooks.jpg Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 21 Gnome: fonti Osdir.com screenshot gallery: http://shots.osdir.com/index.php?distro=398 Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 22 KDE: fonti Informazioni varie: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_4 Sito KDE (immagine KDE 1): http://www.kde.org/screenshots/kde1shots.php Blog David Vignoni (nuovo logo Konqueror): http://davigno.oxygen-icons.org/wp-content/konqueror-preview.jpg Sito amaroK (screenshot last.fm): http://amarok.kde.org/d/en/index.php?q=gallery&g2_itemId=1060&g2_imageViewsIndex=1 Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 23 KDE: fonti K3B (screenshot): http://static.blogo.it/ossblog/audiocdripping.png http://www.ossblog.it/post/2205/rilasciato-k3b-10 O.S. Revolution Blog (splashscreen K3B): http://osrevolution.wordpress.com/2007/03/17/k3b-10-nuova-versione-per-masterizzare-ad-occhi-chiusi-su-gnulinux/ http://img179.imageshack.us/img179/7517/k3blm1.jpg Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 24 Note Elephants dream (filmato Blender): http://www.elephantsdream.org/ Jerónimo “Xoag” Martin (filmato criceto): ottenuto direttamente dall'autore I loghi, i marchi ecc ecc sono proprietà dei rispettivi proprietari. Nel mio caso la fonte dei loghi sono i rispettivi siti web. Diego Rondini Gnome e KDE 28 set 2007 - Montebelluna 25.
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