213 Subpart I—Taking and Importing Marine Mammals
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Anomalously Pigmented Common Dolphins (Delphinus Sp.) Off Northern New Zealand Karen A
Aquatic Mammals 2005, 31(1), 43-51, DOI 10.1578/AM.31.1.2005.43 Anomalously Pigmented Common Dolphins (Delphinus sp.) off Northern New Zealand Karen A. Stockin1 and Ingrid N. Visser2 1Coastal-Marine Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand 2Orca Research Trust, P.O. Box 1233, Whangarei, New Zealand Abstract New Zealand waters is provided by Bernal et al. (2003) who suggested that common dolphins exhib- Anomalous pigmentations have been recorded in iting long rostra, as photographed in New Zealand many cetacean species. However, typically only by Doak (1989; Plates 34A, 34B), are long-beaked one variation is reported from a population at common dolphins. However, as Amaha (1994) and a time (e.g., an albino). Here we record a spec- Jefferson & Van Waerebeek (2002) highlighted, trum of pigmentation from common dolphins neither New Zealand nor Australian common dol- (Delphinus sp.) off northern New Zealand. All- phins neatly fit the morphological description of black, dark-morph, pale-morph, and all-white either D. delphis or D. capensis. In the past, New individuals, as well as variations between these Zealand common dolphins have been identified have been recorded. Pale-coloured pectoral flip- from pigmentation patterns in the field and classi- pers are prevalent, and a number of individuals fied as short-beaked common dolphins (Bräger & with white “helmets” have been observed. Schneider, 1998; Gaskin, 1968; Neumann, 2001; Webb, 1973), although pigmentation alone may not Key Words: common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, be sufficient to positively identity these dolphins to Delphinus capensis, anomalous pigmentation, species. -
THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost. -
Cetacean Fact Sheets for 1St Grade
Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-1 Cetacean Fact Sheets Photo/Image sources: Whale illustrations by Garth Mix were provided by NOAA Fisheries. Thanks to Jonathan Shannon (NOAA Fisheries) for providing several photographs for these fact sheets. Beluga: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beluga03.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4b/Beluga_size.svg Blue whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Blue_Whale_001_noaa_body_color.jpg; Humpback whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/humpbackwhale_noaa_large.jpg Orca: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/killerwhale_photos.htm North Atlantic right whale: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/images/cetaceans/narw_flfwc-noaa.jpg Narwhal: http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories2010/images/narwhal_pod_hires.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Narwhal_size.svg Pygmy sperm whale: http://swfsc.noaa.gov/textblock.aspx?ParentMenuId=230&id=1428 Minke whale: http://www.birds.cornell.edu/brp/images2/MinkeWhale_NOAA.jpg/view Gray whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Gray_whale_size.svg Dall’s porpoise: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dall%27s_porpoise_size.svg Harbor porpoise: http://www.nero.noaa.gov/protected/porptrp/ Sei whale: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Sei_whale_size.svg/500px- Sei_whale_size.svg.png Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-2 Beluga Whale (buh-LOO-guh) Photo by Greg Hume FUN FACTS Belugas live in cold water. They swim under ice. They are called white whales. They are the only whales that can move their necks. They can move their heads up and down and side to side. Whale & Dolphin fact sheets Page CFS-3 Baby belugas are gray. -
Cetaceans: Whales and Dolphins
CETACEANS: WHALES AND DOLPHINS By Anna Plattner Objective Students will explore the natural history of whales and dolphins around the world. Content will be focused on how whales and dolphins are adapted to the marine environment, the differences between toothed and baleen whales, and how whales and dolphins communicate and find food. Characteristics of specific species of whales will be presented throughout the guide. What is a cetacean? A cetacean is any marine mammal in the order Cetaceae. These animals live their entire lives in water and include whales, dolphins, and porpoises. There are 81 known species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises. The two suborders of cetaceans are mysticetes (baleen whales) and odontocetes (toothed whales). Cetaceans are mammals, thus they are warm blooded, give live birth, have hair when they are born (most lose their hair soon after), and nurse their young. How are cetaceans adapted to the marine environment? Cetaceans have developed many traits that allow them to thrive in the marine environment. They have streamlined bodies that glide easily through the water and help them conserve energy while they swim. Cetaceans breathe through a blowhole, located on the top of their head. This allows them to float at the surface of the water and easily exhale and inhale. Cetaceans also have a thick layer of fat tissue called blubber that insulates their internals organs and muscles. The limbs of cetaceans have also been modified for swimming. A cetacean has a powerful tailfin called a fluke and forelimbs called flippers that help them steer through the water. Most cetaceans also have a dorsal fin that helps them stabilize while swimming. -
Lagenodelphis Hosei – Fraser's Dolphin
Lagenodelphis hosei – Fraser’s Dolphin Assessment Rationale The species is suspected to be widespread and abundant and there have been no reported population declines or major threats identified that could cause a range-wide decline. Globally, it has been listed as Least Concern and, within the assessment region, it is not a conservation priority and therefore, the regional change from Data Deficient to Least Concern reflects the lack of major threats to the species. The most prominent threat to this species globally may be incidental capture in fishing gear and, although this is not considered a major threat to this species in the assessment region, Fraser’s Dolphins have become entangled in anti-shark nets off South Africa’s east coast. This threat should be monitored. Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern Regional population effects: Fraser’s Dolphin has a widespread, pantropical distribution, and although its National Red List status (2004) Data Deficient seasonal migration patterns in southern Africa remain Reasons for change Non-genuine change: inconclusive, no barriers to dispersal have been New information recognised, thus rescue effects are possible. Global Red List status (2012) Least Concern TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None Distribution The distribution of L. hosei is suggested to be pantropical CITES listing (2003) Appendix II (Robison & Craddock 1983), and is widespread across the Endemic No Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Ross 1984), and the species has been documented in the Indian Ocean off South This species is occasionally Africa’s east coast (Perrin et al. 1973), in Sri Lanka misidentified as the Striped Dolphin (Stenella (Leatherwood & Reeves 1989), Madagascar (Perrin et al. -
FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification
Falklands Conservation PO BOX 26, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ +500 22247 [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification Introduction This guide outlines the key features that can be used to distinguish between the six most common cetacean species that inhabit Falklands' waters. A number of additional cetacean species may occasionally be seen in coastal waters, for example the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). A full list of the species that have been documented to date around the Falklands can be found in Appendix 1. Note that many of these are typical of deeper, oceanic waters, and are unlikely to be encountered along the coast. The six species (or seven species, including two species of minke whale) described in this document are observed regularly in shallow, nearshore waters, and are the focus of this identification guide. Questions and further information For any questions about species identification then please contact the Cetaceans Project Officer Caroline Weir who will be happy to help you try and identify your sighting: Tel: 22247 Email: [email protected] Useful identification guides If you wish to learn more about the identification features of various species, some comprehensive field guides (which include all cetacean species globally) include: Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises by Mark Carwardine. 2019. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification by Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman. 2015. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World by Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett. -
Fall12 Rare Southern California Sperm Whale Sighting
Rare Southern California Sperm Whale Sighting Dolphin/Whale Interaction Is Unique IN MAY 2011, a rare occurrence The sperm whale sighting off San of 67 minutes as the whales traveled took place off the Southern California Diego was exciting not only because slowly east and out over the edge of coast. For the first time since U.S. of its rarity, but because there were the underwater ridge. The adult Navy-funded aerial surveys began in also two species of dolphins, sperm whales undertook two long the area in 2008, a group of 20 sperm northern right whale dolphins and dives lasting about 20 minutes each; whales, including four calves, was Risso’s dolphins, interacting with the the calves surfaced earlier, usually in seen—approximately 24 nautical sperm whales in a remarkable the company of one adult whale. miles west of San Diego. manner. To the knowledge of the During these dives, the dolphins researchers who conducted this aerial remained at the surface and Operating under a National Marine survey, this type of inter-species asso- appeared to wait for the sperm Fisheries Service (NMFS) permit, the ciation has not been previously whales to re-surface. U.S. Navy has been conducting aerial reported. Video and photographs surveys of marine mammal and sea Several minutes after the sperm were taken of the group over a period turtle behavior in the near shore and whales were first seen, the Risso’s offshore waters within the Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL) since 2008. During a routine survey the morning of 14 May 2011, the sperm whales were sighted on the edge of an offshore bank near a steep drop-off. -
Diet of the Striped Dolphin, Stenella Coeruleoalba, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Department of Commerce 3-2008 Diet of the Striped Dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean William F. Perrin Kelly M. Robertson William A. Walker Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Perrin, William F.; Robertson, Kelly M.; and Walker, William A., "Diet of the Striped Dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba, in the Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean" (2008). Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce. 23. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdeptcommercepub/23 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Commerce at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications, Agencies and Staff of the U.S. Department of Commerce by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS T O F C E N O M M T M R E A R P C E E D MARCH 2008 U N A I C T I E R D E M ST A AT E S OF DIET OF THE STRIPED DOLPHIN, Stenella coeruleoalba, IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC OCEAN William F. Perrin Kelly M. Robertson William A. Walker NOAA-TM-NMFS-SWFSC-418 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), organized in 1970, has evolved into an agency which establishes national policies and manages and conserves our oceanic, coastal, and atmospheric resources. -
Bottlenose Dolphin Abundance in the NW Mediterranean: Addressing Heterogeneity in Distribution
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 275: 275–287, 2004 Published July 14 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Bottlenose dolphin abundance in the NW Mediterranean: addressing heterogeneity in distribution Jaume Forcada1,*, Manel Gazo2, Alex Aguilar2, Joan Gonzalvo2, Mar Fernández-Contreras2 1British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, United Kingdom 2Department of Animal Biology (Vertebrates), Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08071 Barcelona, Spain ABSTRACT: Line-transect estimators were developed to assess abundance of coastal dolphins Tur- siops truncatus and Stenella coeruleoalba encountered in low densities during aerial sighting sur- veys. The analysis improved on conventional approaches by objectively combining data from differ- ent species, survey areas and other covariates affecting dolphin detectability. Model selection and multimodel inference allowed robust estimates of precision in accounting for covariate selection uncertainty. These methods were used to estimate bottlenose dolphin abundance in NE Mediter- ranean waters that included a putative subpopulation in the Balearic Islands. Total abundance was estimated as 7654 (coefficient of variation, CV = 0.47; 95% CI = 1608 to 15 766) and the abundance in inshore waters of the Balearic Islands varied from 727 (CV = 0.47; 95% CI = 149 to 1481) dolphins in spring 2002 to 1333 (CV = 0.44; 95% CI = 419 to 2617) dolphins in autumn 2002, with an average estimate of 1030 (CV = 0.35; 95% CI = 415 to 1849). The results do not support an exclusively coastal Balearic Island subpopulation, but they strongly indicate that the islands contain critical habitats required for the conservation of the species. Given the observed decline of the species during the last few decades, conservation-oriented management should focus on reducing or eliminating adverse fishing interactions while key areas are protected from encroachment produced by human development. -
False Killer Whale Fact Sheet
False Killer whale (pseudorca crassidens) Adult length: Up to 6m (male)/5m (female) Distribution: coastal and primarily offshore waters in tropical and temperate regions (see map below and Adult weight: up to 2,000kg (m) full list of countries in the detailed species account online at: https://wwhandbook.iwc.int/en/species/false- Newborn: 1.6-1.9m /Unknown killer-whale Dark grey/black body Prominent dorsal fin is Threats: entanglement, contaminants colour with only a faintly usually curved and slightly Habitat: offshore Long, slender head tapers darker cape (variable) rounded at the tip to rounded snout with no Diet: squid, fish pronounced beak Body may be scarred IUCN Conservation status: Data deficient Flukes are small in relation to body size False killer whales can eat Head hangs over large prey species like this mouth Ono/Wahoo. photo courtesy of Daniel Webster, Cascadia Reserach Lighter grey anchor or Long strongly curved flipper Long, slender body “W” shaped patch on with a pronounced corner or chest between the flippers bend giving the flipper an ‘S’ (variable) shape – unique to this species This photo illustrates the Fun Facts bullet-shaped head and typically ‘S’ shaped flip- pers that help observers False killer whales are so named because the to distinguish false killer shape of their skulls, not their external appear- ance, is similar to that of killer whales. whales from pilot whales. Photo courtesy of Paula Like killer whales and sperm whales, false killer Olson/SEFSC/NOAA. whales form stable family groups, and females who no longer produce calves themselves probably help to look after the young of other females False killer whales participate in prey-sharing; a behaviour thought to reinforce social bonds False Killer whale distribution. -
Pseudorca Crassidens) and Nine Other Odontocete Species from Hawai‘I
Ecotoxicology DOI 10.1007/s10646-014-1300-0 Cytochrome P4501A1 expression in blubber biopsies of endangered false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) and nine other odontocete species from Hawai‘i Kerry M. Foltz • Robin W. Baird • Gina M. Ylitalo • Brenda A. Jensen Accepted: 2 August 2014 Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 Abstract Odontocetes (toothed whales) are considered insular false killer whale. Significantly higher levels of sentinel species in the marine environment because of their CYP1A1 were observed in false killer whales and rough- high trophic position, long life spans, and blubber that toothed dolphins compared to melon-headed whales, and in accumulates lipophilic contaminants. Cytochrome general, trophic position appears to influence CYP1A1 P4501A1 (CYP1A1) is a biomarker of exposure and expression patterns in particular species groups. No sig- molecular effects of certain persistent organic pollutants. nificant differences in CYP1A1 were found based on age Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize CYP1A1 class or sex across all samples. However, within male false expression in blubber biopsies collected by non-lethal killer whales, juveniles expressed significantly higher lev- sampling methods from 10 species of free-ranging els of CYP1A1 whenP compared to adults. Total polychlo- Hawaiian odontocetes: short-finned pilot whale, melon- rinated biphenyl ( PCBs) concentrations in 84 % of false headed whale, pygmy killer whale, common bottlenose killer whalesP exceeded proposed threshold levels for health dolphin, rough-toothed dolphin, pantropical spotted dol- effects, and PCBs correlated with CYP1A1 expression. phin, Blainville’s beaked whale, Cuvier’s beaked whale, There was no significant relationship between PCB toxic sperm whale, and endangered main Hawaiian Islands equivalent quotient and CYP1A1 expression, suggesting that this response may be influenced by agonists other than the dioxin-like PCBs measured in this study. -
False Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Disfigurements As A
False Killer Whale Dorsal Fin Disfigurements as a Possible Indicator of Long-Line Fishery Interactions in Hawaiian Waters1 Robin W. Baird 2 and Antoinette M. Gorgone3 Abstract: Scarring resulting from entanglement in fishing gear can be used to examine cetacean fishery interactions. False killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) are known to interact with the Hawai‘i-based tuna and swordfish long-line fish- ery in offshore Hawaiian waters. We examined the rate of major dorsal fin dis- figurements of false killer whales from nearshore waters around the main Hawaiian Islands to assess the likelihood that individuals around the main is- lands are part of the same population that interacts with the fishery. False killer whales were encountered on 11 occasions between 2000 and 2004, and 80 dis- tinctive individuals were photographically documented. Three of these (3.75%) had major dorsal fin disfigurements (two with the fins completely bent over and one missing the fin). Information from other research suggests that the rate of such disfigurements for our study population may be more than four times greater than for other odontocete populations. We suggest that the most likely cause of such disfigurements is interactions with longlines and that false killer whales found in nearshore waters around the main Hawaiian Islands are part of the same population that interacts with the fishery. Two of the animals docu- mented with disfigurements had infants in close attendance and were thought to be adult females. This implies that even with such injuries, at least some fe- males may be able to produce offspring, despite the importance of the dorsal fin in reproductive thermoregulation.