Cetaceans: Whales and Dolphins
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Toothed Vs. Baleen Whales Monday
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE: TOOTHED VS. BALEEN WHALES MONDAY Their classifications help to give you the answer, so what do you think the most obvious difference is in a toothed whale versus a baleen whale? Your clues are in the close-up photos, below! PHOTO: TASLI SHAW PHOTO: CINDY HANSEN Answer: The most obvious difference between a toothed whale and a baleen whale is the way that they feed and what’s inside their mouth. Toothed whales (including all dolphins and porpoises) have teeth, like we do, and they actively hunt fish, squid, and other sea creatures. Their teeth help them capture, bite, and tear their food into smaller pieces before swallowing. Baleen whales have several hundred plates that hang from their upper jaw, instead of teeth. These plates are made of keratin, the same substance as our hair and fingernails, and are used to filter food from the water or the sediment. Once the food has been trapped in the baleen plates, the whales will use their massive tongues to scrape the food off and swallow it. SPOT THE DIFFERENCE: TOOTHED VS. BALEEN WHALES TUESDAY The photos provided show specific prey types for resident orcas and for the gray whales that stop to feed in Saratoga Passage in the spring. Besides being two different species, what is another difference between these prey types? Who eats what and what makes you think that? Answer: The photos show Chinook salmon and ghost shrimp. Other than being two different species, their main difference is size! A toothed whale, like a resident orca, uses their teeth to capture, bite, and tear Chinook salmon into smaller pieces to be shared with other orcas in their family. -
Living Between Rapids: Genetic Structure and Hybridization in Botos (Cetacea: Iniidae: Inia Spp.) of the Madeira River, Brazil
bs_bs_banner Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 114, 764–777. With 5 figures Living between rapids: genetic structure and hybridization in botos (Cetacea: Iniidae: Inia spp.) of the Madeira River, Brazil WALESKA GRAVENA1,2*, VERA M. F. DA SILVA2, MARIA N. F. DA SILVA3, IZENI P. FARIAS1 and TOMAS HRBEK1 1Laboratório de Evolução e Genética Animal (LEGAL), Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão, 3000, 69077-000, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 2Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil 3Coleção de Mamíferos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69011-970, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil Received 2 September 2014; revised 14 November 2014; accepted for publication 15 November 2014 Until the recent construction of hydroelectric dams, a series of 18 rapids divided the upper and lower Madeira River, and these rapids were thought to separate two species of Amazonian freshwater dolphins (boto): Inia boliviensis (above) and I. geoffrensis (below). Some reports and articles, however, mention the occurrence of botos within the rapids region and that they occasionally cross the rapids, but without mentioning the species concerned. Based on our previous studies, it is likely that I. boliviensis occurs in the region of the rapids. To test this supposition, we sampled 18 individuals from this region, and collected mitochondrial (control region, cytochrome b and cytochrome oxidase I) and nuclear (10 microsatellite loci) DNA data, in order to test if there is connectivity between the dolphins that were found within the rapids region and dolphins collected upstream and downstream of the rapids, and investigate population structuring between these localities. -
Anomalously Pigmented Common Dolphins (Delphinus Sp.) Off Northern New Zealand Karen A
Aquatic Mammals 2005, 31(1), 43-51, DOI 10.1578/AM.31.1.2005.43 Anomalously Pigmented Common Dolphins (Delphinus sp.) off Northern New Zealand Karen A. Stockin1 and Ingrid N. Visser2 1Coastal-Marine Research Group, Institute of Natural Resources, Massey University, Private Bag 102 904, North Shore MSC, Auckland, New Zealand 2Orca Research Trust, P.O. Box 1233, Whangarei, New Zealand Abstract New Zealand waters is provided by Bernal et al. (2003) who suggested that common dolphins exhib- Anomalous pigmentations have been recorded in iting long rostra, as photographed in New Zealand many cetacean species. However, typically only by Doak (1989; Plates 34A, 34B), are long-beaked one variation is reported from a population at common dolphins. However, as Amaha (1994) and a time (e.g., an albino). Here we record a spec- Jefferson & Van Waerebeek (2002) highlighted, trum of pigmentation from common dolphins neither New Zealand nor Australian common dol- (Delphinus sp.) off northern New Zealand. All- phins neatly fit the morphological description of black, dark-morph, pale-morph, and all-white either D. delphis or D. capensis. In the past, New individuals, as well as variations between these Zealand common dolphins have been identified have been recorded. Pale-coloured pectoral flip- from pigmentation patterns in the field and classi- pers are prevalent, and a number of individuals fied as short-beaked common dolphins (Bräger & with white “helmets” have been observed. Schneider, 1998; Gaskin, 1968; Neumann, 2001; Webb, 1973), although pigmentation alone may not Key Words: common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, be sufficient to positively identity these dolphins to Delphinus capensis, anomalous pigmentation, species. -
Commonly Found Marine Mammals of Puget Sound
Marine Mammals of Puget Sound Pinnipeds: Seals & Sea Lions Cetaceans: Pacific Harbor Seal Whales, Dolphins & Porpoise Phoca vitulina Adults mottled tan or blue-gray with dark spots Seal Pups Orca Male: 6'/300 lbs; Female: 5'/200 pounds Earless (internal ears, with externally visible hole) (or Killer Whale) Short fur-covered flippers, nails at end Drags rear flippers behind body Orcinus orca Vocalization: "maah" (pups only) Black body with white chin, Most common marine mammal in Puget Sound belly, and eyepatch Shy, but curious. Pupping occurs June/July in Average 23 - 26'/4 - 8 tons the Strait of Juan de Fuca and San Juan Islands Southern Resident orcas (salmon-eating) are Endangered, travel in larger pods Northern Elephant Seal If you see a seal pup Transient (marine mammal -eating) orcas alone on the beach travel in smaller pods Orcas are most often observed in inland waters Mirounga angustirostris DO NOT DISTURB - fall - spring; off San Juan Islands in summer Brownish-gray it’s the law! Dall's Porpoise Male: 10-12'/4,000-5,000 lbs Human encroachment can stress the pup Female: 8-9'/900-1,000 lbs. Phocoenoides dalli and scare the mother away. Internal ears (slight hole) For your safety and the health of the pup, Harbor Porpoise Black body/white belly and sides Short fur-covered flippers, nails at end leave the pup alone. Do not touch! White on dorsal fin trailing edge Drags rear flippers behind body Phocoena phocoena Average 6 - 7'/300 lbs. Vocalization: Guttural growl or belch Dark gray or black Travels alone or in groups of 2 - 20 or more Elephant seals are increasing in with lighter sides and belly Creates “rooster tail” spray, number in this region Average 5- 6'/120 lbs. -
(Ziphius Cavirostris) at Isla Guadalupe, Mexico Therya, Vol
Therya E-ISSN: 2007-3364 [email protected] Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología México Gallo-Reynoso, Juan Pablo; Hoyos-Padilla, Edgar Mauricio First stranding record of a Cuvier beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) at Isla Guadalupe, Mexico Therya, vol. 6, núm. 2, mayo, 2015, pp. 329-336 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología Baja California Sur, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=402339248005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative THERYA, 2015, Vol. 6 (2): 329-336 DOI: 10.12933/therya-15-272, ISSN 2007-3364 Primer registro de varamiento del Zifio de Cuvier (Ziphius cavirostris) en Isla Guadalupe, México First stranding record of a Cuvier beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris) at Isla Guadalupe, Mexico Juan Pablo Gallo-Reynoso1* and Edgar Mauricio Hoyos-Padilla2 1Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A. C. Unidad Guaymas, Carretera al Varadero Nacional, km 6.6, Las Playitas, Guaymas, 85480, Sonora, México. E-mail: [email protected] (JPGR). 2Pelagios-Kakunjá A.C. Sinaloa 1540, 23070, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México. E-mail: [email protected] (EMHP). *Corresponding author. Introduction: A calf of a Cuvier beaked whale, Ziphius cavirostris, was found stranded at Isla Guadalupe, Mexico where this species have been observed before. Methods: A detailed necropsy was conducted to report the plausible stranding causes. The individual was measured. Results: The female calf was apparently a month old individual and was still suckling. -
THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A
s l a m m a y t T i M S N v I i A e G t A n i p E S r a A C a C E H n T M i THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity The Humane Society of the United State s/ World Society for the Protection of Animals 2009 1 1 1 2 0 A M , n o t s o g B r o . 1 a 0 s 2 u - e a t i p s u S w , t e e r t S h t u o S 9 8 THE CASE AGAINST Marine Mammals in Captivity Authors: Naomi A. Rose, E.C.M. Parsons, and Richard Farinato, 4th edition Editors: Naomi A. Rose and Debra Firmani, 4th edition ©2009 The Humane Society of the United States and the World Society for the Protection of Animals. All rights reserved. ©2008 The HSUS. All rights reserved. Printed on recycled paper, acid free and elemental chlorine free, with soy-based ink. Cover: ©iStockphoto.com/Ying Ying Wong Overview n the debate over marine mammals in captivity, the of the natural environment. The truth is that marine mammals have evolved physically and behaviorally to survive these rigors. public display industry maintains that marine mammal For example, nearly every kind of marine mammal, from sea lion Iexhibits serve a valuable conservation function, people to dolphin, travels large distances daily in a search for food. In learn important information from seeing live animals, and captivity, natural feeding and foraging patterns are completely lost. -
213 Subpart I—Taking and Importing Marine Mammals
National Marine Fisheries Service/NOAA, Commerce Pt. 218 regulations or that result in no more PART 218—REGULATIONS GOV- than a minor change in the total esti- ERNING THE TAKING AND IM- mated number of takes (or distribution PORTING OF MARINE MAM- by species or years), NMFS may pub- lish a notice of proposed LOA in the MALS FEDERAL REGISTER, including the asso- ciated analysis of the change, and so- Subparts A–B [Reserved] licit public comment before issuing the Subpart C—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- LOA. dental to U.S. Navy Marine Structure (c) A LOA issued under § 216.106 of Maintenance and Pile Replacement in this chapter and § 217.256 for the activ- Washington ity identified in § 217.250 may be modi- fied by NMFS under the following cir- 218.20 Specified activity and specified geo- cumstances: graphical region. (1) Adaptive Management—NMFS 218.21 Effective dates. may modify (including augment) the 218.22 Permissible methods of taking. existing mitigation, monitoring, or re- 218.23 Prohibitions. porting measures (after consulting 218.24 Mitigation requirements. with Navy regarding the practicability 218.25 Requirements for monitoring and re- porting. of the modifications) if doing so cre- 218.26 Letters of Authorization. ates a reasonable likelihood of more ef- 218.27 Renewals and modifications of Let- fectively accomplishing the goals of ters of Authorization. the mitigation and monitoring set 218.28–218.29 [Reserved] forth in the preamble for these regula- tions. Subpart D—Taking Marine Mammals Inci- (i) Possible sources of data that could dental to U.S. Navy Construction Ac- contribute to the decision to modify tivities at Naval Weapons Station Seal the mitigation, monitoring, or report- Beach, California ing measures in a LOA: (A) Results from Navy’s monitoring 218.30 Specified activity and specified geo- graphical region. -
Order CETACEA Suborder MYSTICETI BALAENIDAE Eubalaena Glacialis (Müller, 1776) EUG En - Northern Right Whale; Fr - Baleine De Biscaye; Sp - Ballena Franca
click for previous page Cetacea 2041 Order CETACEA Suborder MYSTICETI BALAENIDAE Eubalaena glacialis (Müller, 1776) EUG En - Northern right whale; Fr - Baleine de Biscaye; Sp - Ballena franca. Adults common to 17 m, maximum to 18 m long.Body rotund with head to 1/3 of total length;no pleats in throat; dorsal fin absent. Mostly black or dark brown, may have white splotches on chin and belly.Commonly travel in groups of less than 12 in shallow water regions. IUCN Status: Endangered. BALAENOPTERIDAE Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepède, 1804 MIW En - Minke whale; Fr - Petit rorqual; Sp - Rorcual enano. Adult males maximum to slightly over 9 m long, females to 10.7 m.Head extremely pointed with prominent me- dian ridge. Body dark grey to black dorsally and white ventrally with streaks and lobes of intermediate shades along sides.Commonly travel singly or in groups of 2 or 3 in coastal and shore areas;may be found in groups of several hundred on feeding grounds. IUCN Status: Lower risk, near threatened. Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828 SIW En - Sei whale; Fr - Rorqual de Rudolphi; Sp - Rorcual del norte. Adults to 18 m long. Typical rorqual body shape; dorsal fin tall and strongly curved, rises at a steep angle from back.Colour of body is mostly dark grey or blue-grey with a whitish area on belly and ventral pleats.Commonly travel in groups of 2 to 5 in open ocean waters. IUCN Status: Endangered. 2042 Marine Mammals Balaenoptera edeni Anderson, 1878 BRW En - Bryde’s whale; Fr - Rorqual de Bryde; Sp - Rorcual tropical. -
Marine Mammals and Sea Turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas
Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas MEDITERRANEAN AND BLACK SEA BASINS Main seas, straits and gulfs in the Mediterranean and Black Sea basins, together with locations mentioned in the text for the distribution of marine mammals and sea turtles Ukraine Russia SEA OF AZOV Kerch Strait Crimea Romania Georgia Slovenia France Croatia BLACK SEA Bosnia & Herzegovina Bulgaria Monaco Bosphorus LIGURIAN SEA Montenegro Strait Pelagos Sanctuary Gulf of Italy Lion ADRIATIC SEA Albania Corsica Drini Bay Spain Dardanelles Strait Greece BALEARIC SEA Turkey Sardinia Algerian- TYRRHENIAN SEA AEGEAN SEA Balearic Islands Provençal IONIAN SEA Syria Basin Strait of Sicily Cyprus Strait of Sicily Gibraltar ALBORAN SEA Hellenic Trench Lebanon Tunisia Malta LEVANTINE SEA Israel Algeria West Morocco Bank Tunisian Plateau/Gulf of SirteMEDITERRANEAN SEA Gaza Strip Jordan Suez Canal Egypt Gulf of Sirte Libya RED SEA Marine mammals and sea turtles of the Mediterranean and Black Seas Compiled by María del Mar Otero and Michela Conigliaro The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of IUCN. Published by Compiled by María del Mar Otero IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain © IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Malaga, Spain Michela Conigliaro IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Copyright © 2012 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources With the support of Catherine Numa IUCN Centre for Mediterranean Cooperation, Spain Annabelle Cuttelod IUCN Species Programme, United Kingdom Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the sources are fully acknowledged. -
Lagenodelphis Hosei – Fraser's Dolphin
Lagenodelphis hosei – Fraser’s Dolphin Assessment Rationale The species is suspected to be widespread and abundant and there have been no reported population declines or major threats identified that could cause a range-wide decline. Globally, it has been listed as Least Concern and, within the assessment region, it is not a conservation priority and therefore, the regional change from Data Deficient to Least Concern reflects the lack of major threats to the species. The most prominent threat to this species globally may be incidental capture in fishing gear and, although this is not considered a major threat to this species in the assessment region, Fraser’s Dolphins have become entangled in anti-shark nets off South Africa’s east coast. This threat should be monitored. Regional Red List status (2016) Least Concern Regional population effects: Fraser’s Dolphin has a widespread, pantropical distribution, and although its National Red List status (2004) Data Deficient seasonal migration patterns in southern Africa remain Reasons for change Non-genuine change: inconclusive, no barriers to dispersal have been New information recognised, thus rescue effects are possible. Global Red List status (2012) Least Concern TOPS listing (NEMBA) (2007) None Distribution The distribution of L. hosei is suggested to be pantropical CITES listing (2003) Appendix II (Robison & Craddock 1983), and is widespread across the Endemic No Pacific and Atlantic Oceans (Ross 1984), and the species has been documented in the Indian Ocean off South This species is occasionally Africa’s east coast (Perrin et al. 1973), in Sri Lanka misidentified as the Striped Dolphin (Stenella (Leatherwood & Reeves 1989), Madagascar (Perrin et al. -
FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification
Falklands Conservation PO BOX 26, Falkland Islands, FIQQ 1ZZ +500 22247 [email protected] www.falklandsconservation.com FC Inshore Cetacean Species Identification Introduction This guide outlines the key features that can be used to distinguish between the six most common cetacean species that inhabit Falklands' waters. A number of additional cetacean species may occasionally be seen in coastal waters, for example the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus), the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae), the long-finned pilot whale (Globicephala melas) and the dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). A full list of the species that have been documented to date around the Falklands can be found in Appendix 1. Note that many of these are typical of deeper, oceanic waters, and are unlikely to be encountered along the coast. The six species (or seven species, including two species of minke whale) described in this document are observed regularly in shallow, nearshore waters, and are the focus of this identification guide. Questions and further information For any questions about species identification then please contact the Cetaceans Project Officer Caroline Weir who will be happy to help you try and identify your sighting: Tel: 22247 Email: [email protected] Useful identification guides If you wish to learn more about the identification features of various species, some comprehensive field guides (which include all cetacean species globally) include: Handbook of Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises by Mark Carwardine. 2019. Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification by Thomas A. Jefferson, Marc A. Webber, and Robert L. Pitman. 2015. Whales, Dolphins and Seals: A Field Guide to the Marine Mammals of the World by Hadoram Shirihai and Brett Jarrett. -
Fall12 Rare Southern California Sperm Whale Sighting
Rare Southern California Sperm Whale Sighting Dolphin/Whale Interaction Is Unique IN MAY 2011, a rare occurrence The sperm whale sighting off San of 67 minutes as the whales traveled took place off the Southern California Diego was exciting not only because slowly east and out over the edge of coast. For the first time since U.S. of its rarity, but because there were the underwater ridge. The adult Navy-funded aerial surveys began in also two species of dolphins, sperm whales undertook two long the area in 2008, a group of 20 sperm northern right whale dolphins and dives lasting about 20 minutes each; whales, including four calves, was Risso’s dolphins, interacting with the the calves surfaced earlier, usually in seen—approximately 24 nautical sperm whales in a remarkable the company of one adult whale. miles west of San Diego. manner. To the knowledge of the During these dives, the dolphins researchers who conducted this aerial remained at the surface and Operating under a National Marine survey, this type of inter-species asso- appeared to wait for the sperm Fisheries Service (NMFS) permit, the ciation has not been previously whales to re-surface. U.S. Navy has been conducting aerial reported. Video and photographs surveys of marine mammal and sea Several minutes after the sperm were taken of the group over a period turtle behavior in the near shore and whales were first seen, the Risso’s offshore waters within the Southern California Range Complex (SOCAL) since 2008. During a routine survey the morning of 14 May 2011, the sperm whales were sighted on the edge of an offshore bank near a steep drop-off.