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HISTORY 2413 INTRODUCTION TO BRITISH HISTORY II: POLITICAL, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORY OF BRITAIN AND IRELAND, FROM THE RESTORATION (1660) TO THE PRESENT

Instructor: Prof. Ian Gentles Office: Room 1111 Phone: 416-226-6620, ext. 6718 E-mail: [email protected] Office hours: Tues. 2:30-3:30; Thurs. 2:30-3:30 or by appointment

I. COURSE DESCRIPTION

II. REQUIRED TEXTS 1. Clayton Roberts, David Roberts, Douglas R. Bisson, A History of England: Volume II 1688 to the Present. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2009. 2. Course Pack: Documents and readings (available in the bookstore)

III. COURSE EVALUATION Test – Thursday 18 th Feb. (in class) 10% Essay – 2200-2500 words, due Thursday 25 March 20% Class participation (including one written oral report) 30% Examination (during April exam period) 40% (total) 100%

IV. COURSE OUTLINE (Winter term 2010, HIST 2413) Week one Introductory

Week two The Restoration Era (1660-88) Document 29 Stanford E. Lehmberg, The Peoples of the British Isles, 3 rd edn (2009), pp. 244-52

2 Week three The Glorious Revolution and the Wars with France (1688-1713) Document 30 Clayton & David Roberts, Douglas R. Bisson, A History of England (5th edn., 2009), vol. ii, ch. 16 week four Eighteenth-Century Politics, Revolution and Constitution Documents 31-4 Roberts, A History of England, vol. ii, ch. 17, 20

Week five The Industrial Revolution Documents 36-41 Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 18

****Mid-Term test: Thursday 18th February at 4:05 p.m. ****

Week six Reading week

Week seven The British Empire and the end of the Victorian era Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 25, 26 Documents 45-46

Week eight Politics, Reform and Ireland Documents 42-44 Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 27, pp. 738-42

Week nine The Impact of Total War, 1914-19 Document 47 Roberts, A History of England, vol. ii, ch. 27 (omitting pp. 738-42)

Week ten Between the wars, 1919-39 Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 28

Week eleven Britain and World War II, 1939-45 Document 48 Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 29

*****Second-term essay due Thursday 25 March *****

3 Week twelve From Socialism to Thatcher, 1945-1992 Documents 49, 50 (2 documents !) Roberts, A History of England , vol. ii, ch. 30, 31

Week thirteen Review

History 2413 Essay Topics

1. Did the political/constitutional revolution of 1688-9 or the financial revolution of the 1690s have greater historical significance for England?

2. By comparing the achievements of Sir Robert Walpole as a peace leader with those of William Pitt the Elder (Earl of Chatham) as a war leader, indicate who was the greater prime minister.

3. ‘The second Hundred Years’ War’. Discuss the historical significance of the wars between Britain and France during the ‘long century’ from 1689 to 1815.

4. Compare the circumstances under which Scotland was united with England in 1707, and Ireland with Britain in 1800.

5. Assess whether union with England helped or hindered Scottish economic and cultural development over the two centuries after 1707.

6. Discuss the relative importance of agricultural innovation and the profits from the slave trade in preparing the way for Britain’s industrial revolution.

7. Does or Hannah More deserve the title ‘first British feminist’?

8. Discuss the relative importance of and the English Evangelicals in bringing about the abolition of throughout the British Empire.

9. Discuss the contribution of Chartism to the growth of political democracy in nineteenth- century Britain.

10. To what extent can W.E. Gladstone beconsidered an exemplar of the Christian statesman?

11. In what ways did Florence Nightingale and David Livingstone exemplify the Evangelical thrust in Victorian Britain? (In your reading include Buxton’s Livingstone (2000) and Lyn McDonald’s Florence Nightingale (2001)).

12. ‘In the 1880s Home Rule could have kept Ireland as a permanent part of the United Kingdom; by 1922 it was too late.’ Discuss the accuracy of this statement.

4 13. France had been Britain’s chief enemy for centuries, yet in 1914 Britain went to war with Germany. Why?

14. What was the cultural and economic legacy of the First World War?

15. How do you account for the triumph of the Labour Party in 1945, and its downfall in 1979?

16. Assess the economic impact of the Second World War on Britain, and whether it was the war that was chiefly responsible for the virtual disappearance of the empire between 1945 and 1965.

17. In the 1970s Britain was called ‘joke nation’ by many. Yet by the dawn of the 21 st century Britain was once again playing a leading economic and political role in world affairs. Assess the contributions of Prime Ministers and Tony Blair to Britain’s re- emergence on the world stage.

***

Your essay, which is worth 20 per cent of the final mark, should be between 2200 and 2500 words, but in no circumstances longer than 2500 words. Arguments and little-known facts, as well as quotations, should be supported by footnotes or endnotes, but not by references embedded in the text. Please leave a wide margin on the right-hand side of the page for comments.

Please annotate your bibliography – in other words, give a sentence or two evaluating each book or article you use. Internet sources should have author, title and date, as well as the “address” so that they can be verified by the reader. Internet sources that are not properly footnoted or referenced, or that are elementary and unscholarly in their approach, should be avoided.

Your essay is due on Thursday 25th March. The penalty for lateness is 5 per cent for the first two days, and 10 per cent thereafter. Essays may not be submitted after the first day of the examination period. 5 Bibliography General works Cannon, John, Companion to British History (1997) Davies, Norman, The Isles: a History (1999) Elton, G., The English (1992) Freeman, Grenville, G.S.P. Atlas of British History (1979) Haigh, Chris, ed., Cambridge Historical Encyclopedia of Great Britain and Ireland (1985) Heyck, T. W., Peoples of the British Isles from 1688 to 1870 (2002) ------, Peoples of the British Isles from 1870 to the Present (2002) History Today Companion to British History , eds. Juliet Gardiner & Neil Wenborn (1995) James, Lawrence, Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1996) Johnson, Paul, History of the English People (1995) Kearney, Hugh F. The British Isles: A History of Four Nations (1989) Lynch, Michael (ed.), Oxford Companion to Scottish History (2001) Marwick, Arthur, Illustrated Dictionary of British History (1980) Mitchison, Rosalind, A History of Scotland (1982) Moody, T.W. & others, New History of Ireland (8 vols) (1986) Morgan, Kenneth O., The Oxford Illustrated History of Britain (1999) Oxford Companion to Irish History , ed. S.J. Connolly (1998) Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (60 vols online, 2004) Oxford History of the British Empire (5 vols, various editors) (1998) Robbins, Keith, Nineteenth Century Britain (1989) Roberts, Clayton & David, A History of England (2 vols) (1991) Smith, David L., History of the Modern British Isles 1603-1707 (1998) Tucker, A.V., A History of English Civilization (1972) Various Authors, The Oxford History of England ------, The Penguin History of England Welsh, Frank, The Four Nations: A History of the United Kingdom (2003)

From the Restoration (1660) to the End of the Napoleonic Wars (1660-1815) Anstey, R., Atlantic Slave Trade and British Abolition 1760-1810 (1975) Ashley, Maurice, England in the 17th Century (1967) Ashton, T.S., The Industrial Revolution (1997) Beckett, J.V., Agricultural revolution (1990) Beddard, Robert, Revolutions of 1688 (1988) Brewer, John, Sinews of Power: War, Money and the English State, 1688-1783 (1990) Cannon, John, Parliamentary Reform, 1640-1832 (1977) ------, The Aristocratic Century (1984) Carrington, C., The British Overseas: Exploits of a Nation of Shopkeepers (1968) Chambers, J.D., Workshop of the World (1982) ------and Mingay, G.E., The Agricultural Revolution, 1750-1880 (1966) Christie, Ian R., Crisis of Empire (1966) ------, Myth & Reality in late l8th Century Politics (1970) ------, Stress & Stability in Late l8th Century Britain (1984) Clark, Alice, Working Life of Women in the 17th Century (1982) Coward B., Stuart Age 1603-1714 (3 rd ed.) (2003) Crafts, N.F.R., British Economic Growth during the Industrial Revolution (1985) Crouzet, François, First Industrialists (1985) Daiches, David, Scotland and the Union (1977) Davies, Rupert and Rupp, E., History of the Methodist Church of Great Britain (1965) Dickinson, H.T., Liberty and Property: Political Ideology in 18th Century Britain (1979) 6 Duffy, Christopher, The ’45 (2003) Durston, C. and J. Eales (eds.), Culture of English Puritanism 1560-1700 (1996) Emsley, Clive, Britain and the (2000) Fennessy, R.R., Burke, Paine and the (1963) Flexner, Eleanor, Mary Wollstonecraft (1973) Fox, Alistair, Thomas More (1983) Hartwell, R.M., Causes of the Industrial Revolution in England (1968) Harris, Tim, Politics under the Later Stuarts.... 1660-1715 (1993) Hay, Douglas and Rogers, Nicholas, Eighteenth-Century English Society (1997) Hobsbawm, E.J., Industry and Empire: An Economic History of Britain Since 1750 (1999) Holmes, Geoff, Making of a Great Power (1660-1783) (1993) Hoppit, J., A Land of Liberty? England 1689-1727 (2000) Horn, D.B., Great Britain and Europe in the 18th Century (1967) Hutton, Ronald, Charles II (1989) ------, The Restoration (1986) ------, Rise and Fall of Merry England (1994) Jacobs, Diane, Mary Wollstonecraft (2001) James, Lawrence, Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1996) Johnson, Paul, Elizabeth I (1974) Jones, Eric and Mingay, G.E., eds. Land Labour and Population in the Industrial Revolution (1967) Jones, J.R., The Glorious Revolution (1688) ------, Country and Court: England 1658-1714 (1993) Keir, D.L., Constitutional History of Modern Britain (1969) ------, Revolution Principles: The Politics of Party 1689-1720 (1977) ------, The Stuarts (1977) Landes, D., Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (2003) Langford, Paul, A Polite and Commercial People: England 1727-1783 (1989) Lane, Peter, The Industrial Revolution (1978) Laslett, P., The World We Have Lost (3 rd edn) (2005) ------, Marriage and Love in England 1300-1840 (1986) Marshall, Dorothy, English People in the 18th Century (1965) Marshall, Peter, Impact of the English Reformation 1500-1640 (1997) Mathias, P., The First Industrial Nation (1988) Merton, R.K., Science, Technology and Society in 17th Century England (1970) Miller, J.R., Popery and Politics in England, 1660-1688 (1973) ------, The Glorious Revolution (1983, reprint 1997) ------, James II (1946) Mingay, G., English Landed Society in the 18th Century (1963) Namier, L., England in the Age of the American Revolution (1961) ------, Structure of Politics at the Accession of George II (1963) Ogg, D., England under Charles I (1962) ------, England under James II and William II (1963) O’Gorman, Frank, The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political & Social History 1688-1832 (1997) Owen, J.B., The Eighteenth Century 1714-1815 (1976) Pares, R., George III and the Politicians (1967) Parker, Geoff, Military Revolution (1500-1800) (1996) Peters, Marie, The Elder Pitt (1998) Plumb, J.H., Growth of Political Stability in England, 1675-1725 (1967) ------, England in the 18th Century (1964) ------, Walpole (1972) 7 Pocock, J.G.A., ed., Three British Revolutions (1980) Porter, Roy, English Society in the 18th Century (1990) Pressnell, L.S., ed., Studies in the Industrial Revolution (1960) Prest, W. Albion Ascendant: English History 1660-1815 (1998) Prior, Mary, ed. Women in English Society 1500-1800 (1991) Roberts, Clayton, The Growth of Responsible Government in Stuart England (1966) Rodger, N.A.M., The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815 (2004) Rudé, G., Wilkes and Liberty (1983) Rule, John, The Vital Century 1714-1815 (1992) Sharpe, J.A., Early-Modern England: A Social History (1550-1750) (1997) ------, Remember, Remember the Fifth of November: Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot (2005) Slack, Paul, From Reformation to Improvement: Public Welfare in Early Modern England (1999) Smith, David L., A History of the Modern British Isles 1603-1707 (1998) Speck, W. A. Reluctant Revolutionaries [1688] (1988) ------, Stability and Strife 1714-1760 (1977) ------, The Birth of Britain..... 1700-1710 (1994) Spurr, John, English Puritanism 1603-1689 (1998) Stone, Lawrence, The Family, Sex and Marriage 1500-1815 (1986) Taylor, Barbara, Mary Wollstonecraft (2003) Thirsk, J., Restoration (1976) ------, Man and the Natural World 1500-1800 (1984) Thompson, E.P., Making of the English Working Class (1980) Tomalin, Claire, Mary Wollstonecraft (1992) Trevelyan, G.M., England under the Stuarts (1996) ------, English Revolution (1688) (1965) Whyte, Ian D., Scotland’s Society and Economy in Transition, c.1500 - c.1760 (1997) Williams, Basil, The Whig Supremacy (1965) Williams, Penry, Later Tudors: England 1547-1603 (1995) Williamson, J.A., Short History of English Expansion Wilson, Charles, England's Apprenticeship, 1603-1763 (1984) Wootton, David (ed.), Republicanism, Liberty and Commercial Society, 1649-1776 (1994) Wrigley, E.A., Continuity, Chance and Change: The Character of the Industrial Revolution in England (1988) Wrightson, K., English Society 1580-1680 (1982)

From the Napoleonic Wars to the 20th Century (1815-2000) Surveys Arnstein, W., Britain Yesterday and Today (1830 to present) (2001) Beloff, Max, “Three cheers for the British Empire”, History Today (Feb. 1996) Briggs, Asa, The Age of Improvement (1760-1867) (2000) ------, Victorian Things (1990) Clarke, Peter, Hope and Glory: Britain 1900-1990 (1997) Cook, Chris, Longman Companion to Britain in the Nineteenth Century (1999) Evans, Eric J. Forging of the Modern State: 1783-1870 (1983) Evans, R.J., The Victorian Age (1968) Havighurst, Alfred, Twentieth Century Britain (1966) ------, Britain in Transition: the Twentieth Century (1985) Marwick, Arthur, Britain in the Century of Total War (1968) ------, British Society since 1945 (1990) 8 ------, History of the Modern British Isles, 1914-1999 (2000) Morgan, Kenneth O., The People’s Peace: British History since 1945 (1999) Oxford History of the British Empire. Andrew Porter (ed.), The Nineteenth Century (1999) Judith M. Brown & W. Roger Louis (eds.), The Twentieth Century (1999) Pelling, Henry, Modern Britain 1855-1955 (1974) Perkin, Harold, The Origins of Modern English Society 1780-1880 (2002) ------, The Rise of Professional Society. England since 1880 (1990) Porter, Bernard, The Lion’s Share: A Short History of British Imperialism, 1850-1995 (3 rd edn, 1996) Robbins, Keith, Churchill (1992) ------, Eclipse of a Great Power: Modern Britain 1870-1975 (1983, reprint 1994) ------, Nineteenth-Century Britain (1988) Samson, Jane, The British Empire (2001) Seaman, L.C.B., Victorian England...1837-1901 (1985) ------, Post-Victorian Britain 1902-1951 (1970) Taylor, A.J.P., English History 1914-1945 (1985) Webb, R.K., Modern England (since 1760) (1980) Wood Anthony, Nineteenth Century Britain (1982)

Shorter Periods (chronological) Thompson, E.P., The Making of the English Working Class (1980) Harrison, J.F.C., The Early Victorians (1988) Clark, G. Kitson, Making of Victorian England (1977) Finlayson, Geoffrey, England in the 1830s (1970) Best, Geoffrey, Mid-Victorian Britain (1979) Thompson, F.M.L., The Rise of Respectable Society... 1830-1900 (1988) Hobsbawm, Eric, The Age of Capital, 1848-1875 (1988) ------, The Age of Empire, 1875-1914 (1987) Feuchtwanger, E.J., Democracy and Empire: Britain, 1865-1914 (1985) Harrison, J.F.C., Late Victorian Britain, 1875-1901 (1991) Ensor, R.C.K., England 1870-1914 (1963) Read. D., England 1868-1914: the age of urban democracy (1994) Dangerfield, George, The Strange Death of Liberal England (1900-1914) (1961) Steiner, Zara, Britain and the Origins of the First World War (2003) Marquand, David, The Unprincipled Society (1988) Marwick, Arthur, The Deluge (1991) ------, The Explosion of British Society 1914-1970 (1971) Mowat, C.L., Britain Between the Wars (1969) Pelling, Henry, Britain and the Second World War (1970) Taylor, A.J.P., English History 1914-1945 (1985) ------, The Origins of the Second World War (1991) Sissons, Michael, and P. French (eds.), The Age of Austerity (1945-1950s) (1963) Lloyd, Trevor, Empire to Welfare State, 1906-1976 (2002) Marwick, Arthur, British Society since 1945 (1990) Morgan, Kenneth O., People's Peace: British History 1945-1989 (1990) Sampson, Anthony, The Anatomy of Britain (1963) ------, The Essential Anatomy of Britain (1992) Wilson, A. N., After the Victorians, 1901-1953 (2005)

Political and Constitutional Attlee, Clement, The Labour Party in Perspective (1949) Bagehot, Walter, The English Constitution (first published 1867) (1997) 9 Blake, Robert, The Conservative Party from Peel to Thatcher (1997) Bradley, I., God Save the Queen: The Spiritual Dimension of Monarchy (2002) Briggs, Asa, ed., Chartist Studies (1967) Clarke, Peter, A Question of Leadership from Gladstone to Thatcher (1991) Cook Christopher, Short History of the Liberal Party (2002) Dangerfield, George, The Damnable Question (Ireland, l9th and 20th Centuries) (1976) Harrison, Royden, Before the Socialists (1965) Harthill, Rosemary, Florence Nightingale: Letters & Reflections (1998) Hennessy, Peter, The Prime Minister: the office and its holders since 1945 (2000) Jeffrys, K., Attlee Government, 1945-1951 (1992) Jennings, Sir Ivor, Cabinet Government (1965) Jupp, Peter, British Politics on the eve of Reform [1828-30] (1998) Keir, D.L., Constitutional History of Modern Britain (1969) McCaffrey, Lawrence, The Irish Question, 1800-1922 (1996) Mackenzie, Robert, British Cabinet (the best history) Matthew, Colin, Gladstone (1997) Morgan, Ken O., Labour in Power, 1945-51 (1984) Reynolds, David, Britannia Overruled: British Policy and world power in the 20th century (2000) Smellie, K.B., A Hundred Years of English Government (1950) Thompson, D., The Chartists (1986) Williams, Francis, Fifty Years' March (the rise of the Labour Party) (1949) Wilson, Trevor, The Downfall of the Liberal Party (1966) Winkler, Henry (ed.) Twentieth Century Britain (essays on politics and welfare) (1976)

Economics and Labour Adelman, P., Rise of the Labour Party 1880-1945 (1996) Ashton, T.S., The Industrial Revolution (1997) Cole, G.D.H., Short History of the British Working Class Movement (1960) Court, W.H.B., Concise Economic History of Britain, 1750 to the Present (1964) Harrison, J.F.C., The Common People (1985) Hartwell, R.M., The Industrial Revolution and Economic Growth , Pt. 3 (1971) Hobsbawm, Eric, Industry and Empire (1999) ------, Labouring Men (1986) Kynaston, D. King, Labour: The British working class, 1850-1914 (1976) Lovell, J., British Trade Unions, 1875-1933 (1985) Mathias, Peter, The First Industrial Nation (1988) Musson, H.E., Growth of British Industry (1978) Pelling, H., Short History of the Labour Party (2005) Pollard, S., Britain's Prime and Britain's Decline...1870-1914 (1989) Reid, Alastair J., United we Stand: A History of Britain`s Trade Unions (2004) Rubinstein, W.D., Men of Property: the very wealthy in Britain since the Industrial Revolution (1981) Thompson, Edward P., Making of the English Working Class (to 1832) (1980) Thompson, F.M.L., Rise of Respectable Society (1830-1900) (1988)

Women and Children Brittain, Vera, Testament of Youth (1994) Burman, Sandra, Fit Work for Women (1979) Dangerfield, G., Strange Death of Liberal England (1935) Franklin, Caroline, Mary Wollstonecraft (2004) Gorham, Deborah, The Victorian Girl and the Feminine Ideal (1982) Harrison, Brian H., Separate Spheres: the opposition to Women's Suffrage in Britain (1978) 10 Harthill, Rosemary, Florence Nightingale: Letters & Reflections (1998) Hewitt, Margaret, Wives and Mothers in Victorian Industry (1975) Holcombe, Lee, Victorian Ladies at Work (1973) Jalland, Patricia, Women, Marriage and Politics 1860-1914 (1986) , Susan K., Sex and Suffrage in Great Britain, 1860-1914 (1987) Neff, Wanda, Victorian Working Women (1967) Pinchbeck, Ivy, Women Workers and the Industrial Revolution (1985) Pinchbeck and Hewitt, Children in English Society , vol II (1969) Pugh, M., Women's Suffrage in Britain, 1867-1928 (1980) ------, The March of the Women: a revisionist analysis of the campaign for women’s suffrage 1866-1914 (2000) Purvis, June, Emmeline Pankhurst (2002) Raeburn, Antonia, Militant Suffragettes (1974) Rosen, Andrew, Rise Up Women (1903-1914) (1974) Smith, H.L., ed., British Feminism in the Twentieth Century (1990) Taylor, Barbara, Mary Wollstonecraft and the Feminist Imagination (2003) Vicinus, Martha (ed.), Suffer and Be Still (1973) Vicinus, M. and B. Nergaard, eds., Ever Yours, Florence Nightingale, Selected Letters (1990) Woodham-Smith, C., Florence Nightingale (1983)

Education Armytage, W.H.G., 400 Years of English Education (1970) Bamford, T.W., The Rise of the Public Schools (1967) Barnard, H.C., A History of English Education since 1760 (1969) Curtis, S.J., A History of Education in Great Britain (1971) Hughes, Thomas, Tom Brown's School Days (1983) Mangan, J.A., Athleticism in the Victorian and Edwardian Public School (2000) McCrone, Kathleen, Playing the Game. Sport and the physical emancipation of English women 1870-1914 (1988) Simon, Brian and Ian Bradley, eds., The Victorian Public School (1975) Stuart, Mary, The Education of the People

Social History: Work, Diet, Housing, Religion, Fashion, etc. Addison, Paul, Now the War is over: a social history of Britain, 1945-1951 (1985) Averbach, J., The Great Exhibition of 1851 (1999) Bradley, Ian, The Call to Seriousness (the Evangelical Movement to about 1860) (1976) Burnett, John, Plenty and Want: A Social History of Diet in England (1979) Cannadine, David, Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy (1996) Chesney, Kellow, The Victorian Underworld (1972) Cunnington, C.W., English women's clothing in the nineteenth century (1956) De Groot, Gerard, J., Blighty: British Society in the era of the Great War (1996) Dickens, Charles, Hard Times (a social novel) (first published 1867) Gauldie, Enid, Cruel Habitations (working class housing 1780-1918) (1974) Gernsheim, Alison, Fashion and Reality (1890-1914) (1963) Harrison, J.F.C., Quest for the New Moral World (Robert Owen & Socialism) (1969) Harrison, Brian, Drink and the Victorians (1971) Himmelfarb, G., Idea of Poverty (1984) ------, Marriage and Morals among the Victorians (1986) Jaeger, Muriel, Before Victoria (1956) Mayhew, Henry, London's Underworld (edited by Peter Quennell) (1969) Owen, David, English (parts 2-4) (1964) 11 Pelling, Henry, A History of British Trade Unionism (1992) Roberts, Robert, The Classic Slum (1972) Taylor, E. R., and Politics, 1791-1851 (1935) Tobias, J.J., Crime and Industrial Society in the Nineteenth Century (1968) Thompson, F.M.L., English Landed Society in the Nineteenth Century (1971) Walker, Pamela J., Pulling the Devil’s Kingdom Down: The Salvation Army in Victorian Britain (2002) Wohl, Anthony, The Eternal Slum (2002)

War Barnett, Corelli, Collapse of British Power (1972, 1986) ------, History of World War II (1984) ------, Audit of War: the illusion and reality of Britain as a great nation (1986) Charmley, John, Churchill (1993) Constantine, Stephen, Kirby, Maurice and Rose, Mary, The First World War in British History (1995) Cowling, M., Impact of Hitler, … 1933-1940 (1975) Eksteins M., Rite of Spring: the Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age (1989) Ferguson, Niall, The Pity of War [World War One] (1999) Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory (1975) Graves, Robert, Goodbye to All That [WWI] (1995) Howard, Micahel, The First World War (2002) Keegan, John, The First World War (1999) ------, The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare (1990) Lafore, L., The Long Fuse: an interpretation of the origins of World War I (1965) Marwick, A., War and Society in the twentieth century (1974) ------, Deluge: British Society and the First World War (1965) Padfield, Peter, Maritime Supremacy and the Opening of the Western Mind (1999) Porter, Bernard, Britain, Europe and the World, 1850-1986: delusions of grandeur (1983, reprint 1986) Price, Richard, N., An Imperial War and the British Working Class [Boer War, 1899-1902] (1972) Rodger, N.A.M., The Command of the Ocean: a Naval History of Britain, 1649-1815 (2004) Sassoon, Siegfried, Memoirs of an Infantry Officer [WWI] (1930) Steiner, Z.S., Britain and the origins of the First World War (1977) Stevenson, David, 1914-1918: The History of the First World War (2004) Strachan, The First World War (2004) Taylor, A.J.P., Origins of the Second World War (1991) Wall, Richard, and J.M. Winter, Upheaval of War: Family, Work & Welfare in Europe, 1914-1918 (1988) Winter, J.M., The Great War and the British People (1986)

Biographical Battiscombe, Georgina, Lord Shaftsbury ( Social Reformer) (1975) Bell, Enid, Josephine Butler: Flame of Fire (on prostitution) (1962) Best, Geoffrey, Churchill: A Study in Greatness (2001) Blake, Robert, Disraeli (1968) Brendon,Piers, Winston Churchill (1985) Briggs, Asa, Victorian People (1990) Brittain, Vera, Testament of Youth (1994) Buxton, Mesiel, David Livingstone (2001) Clarke, Peter, A Question of Leadership: Gladstone to Thatcher (1999) Evans, Eric J., Thatcher and (1997) Feuchtwanger, E.J., Gladstone (1989) Gilbert, Martin, Winston Churchill (1991) 12 Hattersley, Roy, The Life of John Wesley: A Brand from the Burning (2003) James, R.R., Churchill: a Study in Failure (1970) Jenkins, Roy, Asquith (Liberal Prime Minister 1906-1916) (1964, 1994) Kavanagh, Dennis and A. Seldon, The Thatcher Effect (1989) Kavanagh, Dennis (ed.), Thatcherism and British Politics (1990) Keegan, John, Churchill (2002) McCormick, Donald, The Mask of Merlin (on Lloyd George) (1963) McDonald, Lynn, Florence Nightingale (2001) Magnus, Philip, Gladstone (1964) Marquand, David, Ramsay MacDonald (1997) Matthew, Colin, Gladstone (1997) Pankhurst, Emmeline, My Own Story (1914) Pimlott, B., The Queen (Elizabeth II) (2001) Pugh, Martin, The Pankhursts (2002) Robbins, Keith, Churchill (1992) Rowland, Peter, Lloyd George (1975) Seldon, Anthony, and D. Collings, Britain under Thatcher (2000) Stott, Anne, Hannah More: The First Victorian (2003) Strachey, L., Eminent Victorians (2002) Thompson, Juliet S. and Wayne C., Margaret Thatcher (1994) Turner, Michael J., Pitt the Younger (2004) Woodham-Smith, Cecil, Florence Nightingale (1983) Young, Hugo, The Iron Lady: Biography of Margaret Thatcher (1989, 1993)

Ireland Beckett, J. C., Making of Ireland, 1603-1922 (1987) ------, Short History of Ireland (1961) Bottigheimer, K., Ireland and the Irish (1982) Cahill, Thomas, How the Irish Saved Civilization (1996) Canny, Nicholas, Kingdom and Colony: Ireland in the Atlantic World, 1560-1800 (1988) Edwards, R.D., New History of Ireland (1972) Ellis, Steve, Ireland in the Age of the Tudors (1998) Foster, R.F., Modern Ireland, 1600-1922 (1988) Gibbon, Peter, Origins of Ulster Unionism (1975) Hammond, J.L., Gladstone and the Irish Nation (1964) Hoppen, K. Theodore, Ireland since 1800 (1999) Johnson, Paul, Ireland: a History from the Twelfth Century to the Present (1981) Lyons, F.S.L., Charles Stuart Parnell (1977) ------, Ireland since the Famine (1971) Moody, T. W. and Martin, F. X., The Course of Irish History (1984) Moody, T. W., New History of Ireland (8 vols) (1986) O'Brien, Connor C., States of Ireland (1974) O'Farrell, Patrick, England and Ireland since 1800 (1975) ------, Ireland's English Question: Anglo-Irish Relations 1534-1970 (1971) Oxford Companion to Irish History , ed. S.J. Connolly (1998) Ranelagh, J.O.B., Short History of Ireland (1983) Woodham-Smith, C., The Great Hunger (1977)

Scotland Bruce, Duncan A., The Mark of the Scots (1997) Cowan, Ian, Scottish Reformation (1982) 13 Devine, T. M., Scottish Nation… 1700-2000 (1999) Donaldson, Gordon, Scottish Reformation (1960) ------, Scotland: James V to James VII (1965) Ferguson, W., Scotland: 1689 to the Present Day (1968) Fraser, Antonia, Mary Queen of Scots (1969) Herman, Arthur, How the Scots Invented the Modern World (2001) Houston, R. A. and I. D. Whyte (eds.), Scottish Society 1500-1800 (1989) Lamont, Stewart, When Scotland Ruled the World: the Story of the Golden Age of Genius, Creativity and Exploration (2001) Lee, Maurice, Government by the Pen: Scotland under James VI and I (1980) Lynch, Michael, Oxford Companion to Scottish History (2001) Mitchison, Rosalind, History of Scotland (2 nd edn, 1982) ------, Lordship to Patronage: Scotland 1603-1745 (1983) Riley, P. W. J., Union of England and Scotland (1979) Stevenson, D., Scottish Revolution 1637-1644 (1973) ------, Revolution and Counter Revolution in Scotland 1644-1651 (1977) Whyte, Ian, Stoland’s Society and Economy in Transition, c.1500-c.1760 (1997) Willson, D. H., King James VI and I (1956) Wormald, Jenny, Court, Kirk and Community, Scotland 1470-1625 (1981)