Learning Objectives

„ Discuss how the Internet has evolved into what it is Chapter 9 today.

„ Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in the Internet community The Internet and the World and explain their purposes.

Wide Web „ Describe the device, connection, and provider options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP.

Learning Objectives, cont’d. Overview

„ Understand how to search effectively for information „ This chapter covers:

on the Internet, including search options, strategies, „ Evolution of the Internet and the Internet and how to properly cite Internet resources. community

„ List several useful things that can be done using the „ Options for connecting to the Internet Internet, in addition to basic browsing and e-mail. „ Internet searching techniques „ Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are „ Financial, entertainment and other applications related to Internet use. „ Social issues regarding the Internet „ Speculate as to the format, structure, and use of the Internet in the future.

Evolution of the Internet From ARPANET to Internet2

„ The Internet is a worldwide collection of linked „ 1969—beginning of ARPANET networks that is used for personal and commercial „ Late 1980s—renamed Internet communications and for information exchange. „ 1989—World Wide Web proposed by Tim

„ Consists of thousands of interconnected networks Berners-Lee (WWW - information in form of that are accessed by millions of people daily pages inked together though text or images (hyperlinks)

„ 1993 NCSA release Mosaic (first graphically based Web browser

1 Internet 2 and NGI The Internet Community Today

„ Internet2 and Next Generation Internet (NGI) are „ Users „ Infrastructure research and development projects geared to „ Internet service companies ensuring that Internet in the future can handle providers „ Hardware and tomorrow’s applications „ Internet content software companies providers „ Government „ Application service providers

Government & others

„ Governments can limit information content and access

„ Internet Society – professional membership society – oversees Internet standards (protocols, etc.)

„ Shared Registration System (by Department of Commerce, ICANN, Network Solutions, Inc.) – registering Internet addresses and names

Myths About the Internet Internet Connectivity Issues

„ The Internet is free. „ Connecting to the Internet usually involves three decisions:

„ Someone controls the Internet. „ Determining the type of device to be used

„ The Internet and the World Wide Web are identical. „ Selecting the type of connection desired

„ Selecting the type of service provider desired

2 Type of Device Type of Connection—Dial-Up

„ PCs „ A dial-up connection works over regular telephone lines using a modem or similar device.

„ Internet appliances „ Standard dial-ups connect at speeds up to 56 Kbps.

„ Dial-ups are commonly used with desktop PCs and „ Mobile devices Internet appliances.

„ ISDN can transfer data up to 128 Kbps over regular telephone lines.

Internet Appliances Type of Connection—Direct

„ MSN TV – $21.95 / mo. + hardware ($99) „ Always connected to the Internet; doesn’t tie up your phone

„ LAN

„ DSL 1.5Mbps/56Kbps or Lite at 256Kbps/128Kbps

„ Cable (1.5Mbps)

„ Satellite (500Kbps – 1Mbps / 56Kbps)

„ Fixed wireless

Type of Connection – Mobile Wireless Type of Service Provider

„ Used on mobile devices (notebooks, PDAs, cell „ Basic ISPs usually just offer Internet access and phones) some special proprietary services. „ Allows to move around

„ Use WiFi (notebooks), GPRS (PDAs and cell phones) or similar „ Commercial online services typically provide special „ HotSpots available at airports, On The Border, content for members. Starbucks Coffee

„ GPRS available in most areas where cell phone service is available

3 Selecting an ISP and Setting Up Your System Search Sites

„ Offerings „ A search site helps users search for and find information on the Internet.

„ Access speed and connectability „ Search databases

„ Service and support „ Searching with keywords

„ Cost (connect time, local numbers, etc.) „ Searching with directories

Search Sites cont’d.

„ Specialty search sites

„ Reference and portal sites

„ Metasearch sites

„ Natural language search sites

„ Hybrid search sites

Search Strategies Evaluating Search Results

„ Phrase searching (“”, +, -) „ The quality of a link can be preliminarily evaluated by looking at:

„ Boolean operators (AND, OR, NOT) „ Page title

„ Description „ Multiple search sites „ Type of organization

„ Appropriate keywords, synonyms, variant word forms and wildcards „ Before using information from a Web page, the source, author, timeliness, and validity of the information should be evaluated. „ Field searches

4 Citing Internet Resources Financial Transactions

„ To avoid plagiarizing information obtained from the „ Security considerations: make sure the site is secure Internet, proper citation procedures should be used.

„ Shopping (online shopping or auctions): payment methods include credit card, payment services, smart „ Procedures vary somewhat, but it is important to cards, conventional payment credit all information appropriately.

„ Banking: many banks offer online services for free

„ Stock trading: buying and selling stocks over the Internet

Entertainment

„ TV and movies

„ Music

„ Gaming

„ E-books

News and Research Peer-to-Peer File Sharing

„ News webcasts deliver news headlines to your „ Peer-to-peer file sharing: sharing resources between desktop on a regular basis. users, not delivered from a Web server to a user.

„ Government information is widely available from

government Web sites. „ One of the most popular was the Napster music „ Product information can be obtained from sharing system. manufacturer and retail Web sites to research products before purchase. „ Many experts expect peer-to-peer file sharing to have „ Corporate information is widely available for investors tremendous growth in the next few years. from corporate Web sites and investor information sites.

5 Censorship Censorship, cont’d.

„ Internet censorship is a controversial subject. „ To help individuals block access to Web sites they find objectionable, the following are available:

„ Many feel the government has no right to limit „ Blocking software Internet content, although the distribution of „ Browser settings can be changed to block out cyberporn involving children and a few other certain types of sites blatantly illegal activities have been prosecuted. „ Some ISPs filter objectionable Web sites

„ A voluntary rating system for Web pages may help these systems work more effectively in the future.

Privacy

„ Privacy deals with what information about individuals is available and how it is used.

„ E-mail messages can be encrypted if privacy is required.

„ Businesses have the right to monitor e-mail sent over company e-mail systems.

„ Use of cookies can be disabled or limited.

„ Ordering online, filling out online request forms, signing up for newsletters etc., can also cause you to get spam, or junk e-mail.

The Future of the Internet

„ The Internet will likely be a very high-speed optical network accessed by PC and possibly one or more everyday devices, such as a mobile device, desk, or refrigerator.

„ New applications that take advantage of the high bandwidth may include:

„ Video on demand

„ Increased use of videoconferences and Internet phone

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