EDITORIAL Folksonomies Boost Web 2.0 Functionality
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The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All?, 16 Pub
Public Interest Law Reporter Volume 16 Article 8 Issue 1 Fall 2010 2010 The orW ld Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All? Allison Lockhart Follow this and additional works at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/pilr Part of the Internet Law Commons Recommended Citation Allison Lockhart, The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All?, 16 Pub. Interest L. Rptr. 47 (2010). Available at: http://lawecommons.luc.edu/pilr/vol16/iss1/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by LAW eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Public Interest Law Reporter by an authorized administrator of LAW eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lockhart: The World Wide Web: Not So World Wide After All? No. 1 • Fall 2010 THE WORLD WIDE WEB: NOT SO WORLD WIDE AFTER ALL? by ALLISON LOCKHART It’s hard to imagine not having twenty-four hour access to videos of dancing Icats or Ashton Kutcher’s hourly musings, but this is the reality in many countries. In an attempt to control what some governments perceive as a law- less medium, China, Saudi Arabia, Cuba, and a growing number of other countries have begun censoring content on the Internet.1 The most common form of censorship involves blocking access to certain web- sites, but the governments in these countries also employ companies to prevent search results from listing what they deem inappropriate.2 Other governments have successfully censored material on the Internet by simply invoking in the minds of its citizens a fear of punishment or ridicule that encourages self- censoring.3 47 Published by LAW eCommons, 2010 1 Public Interest Law Reporter, Vol. -
What a Difference a Tag Cloud Makes: Effects of Tasks and Cognitive Abilities on Search Res
What a difference a tag cloud makes: effects of tasks and cognitive abilities on search res... Page 1 of 27 VOL. 14 NO. 4, DECEMBER, 2009 Contents | Author index | Subject index | Search | Home What a difference a tag cloud makes: effects of tasks and cognitive abilities on search results interface use Jacek Gwizdka Department of Library and Information Science, School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Abstract Introduction. The goal of this study is to expand our understanding of the relationships between selected tasks, cognitive abilities and search result interfaces. The underlying objective is to understand how to select search results presentation for tasks and user contexts Method. Twenty three participants conducted four search tasks of two types and used two interfaces (List and Overview) to refine and examine search results. Clickthrough data were recorded. This controlled study employed a mixed model design with two within-subject factors (task and interface) and two between-subject factors (two cognitive abilities: memory span and verbal closure). Analysis. Quantitative analyses were carried out by means of the statistical package SPSS. Specifically, multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and non-parametric tests were performed on the collected data. Results.The overview of search results appeared to have benefited searchers in several ways. It made them faster; it facilitated formulation of more effective queries and helped to assess search results. Searchers with higher cognitive abilities were faster in the Overview interface and in less demanding situations (on simple tasks), while at the same time they issued about the same number of queries as lower-ability searchers. -
Role of Librarian in Internet and World Wide Web Environment K
Informing Science Information Sciences Volume 4 No 1, 2001 Role of Librarian in Internet and World Wide Web Environment K. Nageswara Rao and KH Babu Defence Research & Development Laboratory Kanchanbagh Post, India [email protected] and [email protected] Abstract The transition of traditional library collections to digital or virtual collections presented the librarian with new opportunities. The Internet, Web en- vironment and associated sophisticated tools have given the librarian a new dynamic role to play and serve the new information based society in bet- ter ways than hitherto. Because of the powerful features of Web i.e. distributed, heterogeneous, collaborative, multimedia, multi-protocol, hyperme- dia-oriented architecture, World Wide Web has revolutionized the way people access information, and has opened up new possibilities in areas such as digital libraries, virtual libraries, scientific information retrieval and dissemination. Not only the world is becoming interconnected, but also the use of Internet and Web has changed the fundamental roles, paradigms, and organizational culture of libraries and librarians as well. The article describes the limitless scope of Internet and Web, the existence of the librarian in the changing environment, parallelism between information sci- ence and information technology, librarians and intelligent agents, working of intelligent agents, strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities in- volved in the relationship between librarians and the Web. The role of librarian in Internet and Web environment especially as intermediary, facilita- tor, end-user trainer, Web site builder, researcher, interface designer, knowledge manager and sifter of information resources is also described. Keywords: Role of Librarian, Internet, World Wide Web, Data Mining, Meta Data, Latent Semantic Indexing, Intelligent Agents, Search Intermediary, Facilitator, End-User Trainer, Web Site Builder, Researcher, Interface Designer, Knowledge Man- ager, Sifter. -
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: a Review and Framework
Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework Item Type Journal Article (On-line/Unpaginated) Authors Trant, Jennifer Citation Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework 2009-01, 10(1) Journal of Digital Information Journal Journal of Digital Information Download date 02/10/2021 03:25:18 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105375 Trant, Jennifer (2009) Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework. Journal of Digital Information 10(1). Studying Social Tagging and Folksonomy: A Review and Framework J. Trant, University of Toronto / Archives & Museum Informatics 158 Lee Ave, Toronto, ON Canada M4E 2P3 jtrant [at] archimuse.com Abstract This paper reviews research into social tagging and folksonomy (as reflected in about 180 sources published through December 2007). Methods of researching the contribution of social tagging and folksonomy are described, and outstanding research questions are presented. This is a new area of research, where theoretical perspectives and relevant research methods are only now being defined. This paper provides a framework for the study of folksonomy, tagging and social tagging systems. Three broad approaches are identified, focusing first, on the folksonomy itself (and the role of tags in indexing and retrieval); secondly, on tagging (and the behaviour of users); and thirdly, on the nature of social tagging systems (as socio-technical frameworks). Keywords: Social tagging, folksonomy, tagging, literature review, research review 1. Introduction User-generated keywords – tags – have been suggested as a lightweight way of enhancing descriptions of on-line information resources, and improving their access through broader indexing. “Social Tagging” refers to the practice of publicly labeling or categorizing resources in a shared, on-line environment. -
Chapter 2 the Internet & World Wide
Chapter 2 The Internet & World Wide Web 1 OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Explain the purpose Identify and briefly Describe the types of of a Web browser and describe various Internet access identify the broadband Internet providers components of a Web connections address Describe how to use a search engine to Describe the types of search for Web sites information on the Web 2 OBJECTIVES OVERVIEW Recognize how Web pages use graphics, Identify the steps animation, audio, video, required for Web virtual reality, and plug- publishing ins Explain how e-mail, mailing lists, instant messaging, chat rooms, Identify the rules of VoIP, FTP, and netiquette newsgroups and message boards work 3 THE INTERNET The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that links millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals 4 THE INTERNET The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals: Allow scientists at Function even if part different physical of the network were locations to share disabled or destroyed information and work by a disaster together 5 THE INTERNET 1986 NSF connects NSFnet to 1969 ARPANET and ARPANET becomes 1996 becomes known as the Internet2 is functional Internet founded 1984 1995 NSFNet Today More ARPANET has terminates its than 550 more than network on million hosts 1,000 the Internet connect to individual and resumes the Internet computers status as linked as research hosts network 6 THE INTERNET Many home and small business users connect to the Internet via high-speed broadband -
Tag Cloud Reorganization: Finding Groups of Related Tags on Delicious
Tag Cloud Reorganization: Finding Groups of Related Tags on Delicious ABSTRACT Tag clouds have become an appealing way of navigating through web pages on social tagging systems. Recent research has focused on finding relations among tags to improve visualization and access to web documents from tag clouds. Reorganizing tag clouds according to tag relatedness has been suggested as an effective solution to ease navigation. Most of the approaches either rely on co-occurrences or rely on textual content to represent tags. In this chapter we will explore tag cloud reorganization based on both of them. We compare these clouds from a qualitative point of view, analyzing pros and cons of each approach. We show encouraging results suggesting that co-occurrences produce more compelling reorganization of tag clouds than textual content, being computationally less expensive. INTRODUCTION Social bookmarking sites allow to collaboratively annotate web pages, relying on the social tagging philosophy. Social tagging is a Web 2.0 application based phenomenon where users can describe web contents by adding tags or keywords as metadata in an open, collaborative and non-hierarchical way (Smith, 2008). Social bookmarking is a popular way to store, organize, comment on and search links to any web page, and it has emerged as one of the most important web applications that eases information sharing. Popular collaborative tagging sites have aggregated a vast amount of user-created metadata in the form of tags, providing valuable information about the interests and expertise of the users. Because of this, it becomes a fertile area to scientific research on social media (Gupta et al., 2010). -
An Introduction to the World Wide Web - Debora Donato
COMPLEX NETWORKS - An Introduction to the World Wide Web - Debora Donato AN INTRODUCTION TO THE WORLD WIDE WEB Debora Donato Yahoo! Labs, Sunnyvale, California Keywords: WWW, Web Graph, Power law properties, microscopic structure, macroscopic structure. Contents 1. Introduction 2. Microscopic properties 2.1 Power Law Distribution and Scale-Free Networks 2.2 Degree Distribution 3. Link Analysis Ranking Algorithms 3.1. PageRank 3.2. Hits 4. Macroscopic properties 5. The fine-grained structure of the Web graph 6. Dynamic characterization of the Web graph 6.1. The Evolution of the Host-Graph 6.2. Clustering Evolution Patterns 6.3. Correlation among Neighbors Acknowledgement Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary The Web is one of the most complex artifacts ever conceived by human beings. Its considerable dimensions are due to tools that have minimized the users' effort for content publishing. This characteristic is at the basis of a social phenomenon that has engendered the progressive migration of a good portion of the human activities toward the Web. The Web is the location where people meet, chat, get information, share opinions, transact, work or have fun. UNESCO – EOLSS The key feature that has attracted the interest of scientists with different background is that, despite being the sum of decentralized and uncoordinated efforts by heterogeneous groups and individuals,SAMPLE the World Wide WebCHAPTERS exhibits a well defined structure, characterized by several interesting properties. This structure was clearly revealed by the study of Broder et al.(2000) who presented the evocative bow-tie picture of the Web. Although, the bow-tie structure is a relatively clear abstraction of the macroscopic picture of the Web, it is quite uninformative with respect to the finer details of the Web graph. -
Demery V. Arpaio
378 F.3d 1020 (2004) Jamie DEMERY; Samantha Moore; Aracelia Leticia Pfeifer; Janet Lee King; Jerri Cabaniss; Rosa Velazquez; Cynthia Matthers; Rhonda Farmer; Sandra Puebla; Jordan Martin; Laura Hartney; Elena M. Irvine; Yvette Rose Leon; Tina Marie Sox; Loretta Christie; Alison Lee Adair; Victoria Zepeda; Nikisha Calliste; Terry McEvoy; Tom Odenkirk; Dean Tousignant; Benny David Berryman; Damon Scoggin; Sean Botkin, Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. Joe ARPAIO, Maricopa County Sheriff, in his official capacity, Defendant-Appellant, and County of Maricopa; John/Jane Does 1-100, Defendants. No. 03-15698. United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Argued and Submitted December 3, 2003. Filed August 6, 2004. 102110221023 *1021 *1022 *1023 Daniel P. Struck, Phoenix, AZ, for the defendant-appellant. Scott A. Ambrose, Phoenix, AZ, Ulises A. Ferragut, Jr., Ferragut & Associates, Phoenix, AZ, for the plaintiffs- appellees. Before PAEZ, BERZON, and BEA, Circuit Judges. PAEZ, Circuit Judge. The Fourteenth Amendment prohibits punishment of pretrial detainees. Bell v. Wolfish, 441 U.S. 520, 535, 99 S.Ct. 1861, 60 L.Ed.2d 447 (1979). Applying this principle, the district court preliminarily enjoined the use of world-wide web cameras ("webcams") in the Maricopa County Madison Street Jail. We must decide whether the district court abused its discretion in granting the plaintiffs' motion for a preliminary injunction. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm. 1024 *1024 I. When Maricopa County Sheriff Joe Arpaio announced the installation of webcams in the Madison Street Jail, he proclaimed "[w]e get people booked in for murder all the way down to prostitution.... When those johns are arrested, they can wave to their wives on the camera." Sheriff Arpaio also explained that his policy deterred crime and opened up the jails to public scrutiny: "The public has the right to know what's going on in our jails... -
Piloted Search and Recommendation with Social Tag Cloud-Based Navigation
Piloted Search and Recommendation with Social Tag Cloud-Based Navigation Cédric Mesnage Mark Carman Faculty of Informatics Faculty of Informatics University of Lugano University of Lugano [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT We investigate the generation of tag clouds using Bayesian models and test the hypothesis that social network informa- tion is better than overall popularity for ranking new and relevant information. We propose three tag cloud genera- tion models based on popularity, topics and social structure. We conducted two user evaluations to compare the models for search and recommendation of music with social net- work data gathered from ”Last.fm”. Our survey shows that search with tag clouds is not practical whereas recommenda- tion is promising. We report statistical results and compare the performance of the models in generating tag clouds that lead users to discover songs that they liked and were new to them. We find statistically significant evidence at 5% confi- dence level that the topic and social models outperform the popular model. Figure 1: Searching task. 1. INTRODUCTION using both social network and topic modeling based ap- We investigate mechanisms to explore social network in- proaches, that we have implemented in our prototype tag formation. Our current focus is to use contextual tag clouds cloud-based navigation system. We then describe the data as a mean to navigate through the data and control a rec- we have collected from the ”Last.fm” online music social net- ommendation system. work, and the evaluation consisting of a pilot user-study, a Figure 1 shows the screen of the Web application we de- user survey and a follow up study. -
Cyberdissent: the Internet in Revolutionary Iran
Volume 7, No. 3 - September 2003 CYBERDISSENT: THE INTERNET IN REVOLUTIONARY IRAN By Babak Rahimi This paper argues that the internet, as an advancing new means of communication, has played an important role in the ongoing struggle for democracy in Iran. While outlining its history in Iran amidst an ambiguous state response to its rapid development since 1993, the paper also attempts to show how the internet has opened a new virtual space for political dissent. The paper claims that the internet is an innovative method for resistance in that it essentially defies control and supervision of speech by authoritarian rule seeking to undermine resistance. The contemporary history of the struggle for democracy is replete with examples of how information and communication technologies (ICTs), such as the internet, have assisted political dissent movements to undermine authoritarian regimes around the globe.(1) In Pakistan, recent measures by the government to curtail access to websites continue to meet tough resistance from Pakistani internet users.(2) Most interestingly, in Zimbabwe the democratic opposition has resisted Robert Mugabe’s regime and its monopoly of information sources in rural regions by e- mailing daily news bulletins to other rural sites, where they are printed and distributed by children on bikes. Throughout the world, the world wide web and e-mail have consistently proven themselves as powerful means of communication to oppose autocratic rule.(3) The democratic threat posed to authoritarian regimes by the internet is obvious: cyberspace is a powerful medium of interaction that defies any form of strict supervision. As former U.S. President Bill Clinton has said, the effort of these regimes to control the internet is reminiscent of an attempt to nail Jell-o to a wall.(4) The case of Iran provides an interesting example of the democratic potential of the internet. -
Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies? Hak-Lae Kim Samsung Electronics Co., LTD
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Association for Information Systems AIS Electronic Library (AISeL) Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS 2010 Proceedings (AMCIS) 8-2010 Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies? Hak-Lae Kim Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. 416, Maetan-3dong, Yeongtong-gu Suwon-city, Gyeonggi-do, 443-742 Korea, [email protected] Jae-Hwa Choi Dankook University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2010 Recommended Citation Kim, Hak-Lae and Choi, Jae-Hwa, "Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies?" (2010). AMCIS 2010 Proceedings. 68. http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2010/68 This material is brought to you by the Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in AMCIS 2010 Proceedings by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kim, et al. Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies? Why Do Folksonomies Need Semantic Web Technologies? Hak-Lae Kim Jae-Hwa Choi Samsung Electronics Co., LTD. College of Business 416, Maetan-3dong, Yeongtong-gu Dankook University Suwon-city, Gyeonggi-do, 443-742 San#29, Anseo-dong, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si, Korea Chungnam, 330-714, Korea [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper is to investigate some general features of social tagging and folksonomies along with their advantages and disadvantages, and to present an overview of a tag ontology that can be used to represent tagging data at a semantic level using Semantic Web technologies. -
Chapter 8: the Internet and the World Wide Web
15th Edition Understanding Computers Today and Tomorrow Comprehensive Chapter 8: The Internet and the World Wide Web Deborah Morley Charles S. Parker Copyright 2015 Cengage Learning Learning Objectives 1. Discuss how the Internet evolved and what it is like today. 2. Identify the various types of individuals, companies, and organizations involved in the Internet community and explain their purposes. 3. Describe device and connection options for connecting to the Internet, as well as some considerations to keep in mind when selecting an ISP. 4. Understand how to search effectively for information on the Internet and how to cite Internet resources properly. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 2 Learning Objectives 5. List several ways to communicate over the Internet, in addition to e-mail. 6. List several useful activities that can be performed via the Web. 7. Discuss censorship and privacy and how they are related to Internet use. Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 3 Overview • This chapter covers: – The evolution of the Internet – The Internet community – Different options for connecting to the Internet – Internet searching – Common applications available via the Internet – Societal issues that apply to Internet use Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 15th Edition 4 Evolution of the Internet • Internet – Largest and most well-known computer network, linking millions of computers all over the world – The Internet has actually operated in one form or another for several decades • ARPANET