Extracts from Saddlery and Harness, “The Recognised Organ of the English Saddlery Trade”

`Saddlery and Harness` was a monthly trade journal published by T.Kirby and Sons of Bradford Street, Walsall from July 1891 onwards. Its stated aim was to become “ the authorised and duly- acknowledged organ of the Saddlery and Harness Trades, which, although of universal extent, are admitted to have their chief seat in Walsall; at the same time attention will be given to the claims of other manufacturing centres.” In this it was successful: it quickly became the accepted journal of the trade, and despite a strong bias towards Walsall it regularly included articles about other centres of the trade, and letters from saddlers thoughout the country.

During the period 1899-1910 two major developments dominated the Journal. The first, the progress of the motor car and its impact on the various - related trades, is a recurring theme throughout the period. The second major event, the Boer War and its immediate aftermath, dominates the years between 1899 -1903.

Unfortunately the Leather Museum`s run of `Saddlery and Harness` is incomplete for this period. These extracts also include notes made from copies of the Journal preserved at Walsall Local History Centre (these are indicated by the initials `WLHC`).

Jan. 1899 p.7 Brace Windle Blyth and Co, riding manufacturers, harness makers, cutters and general saddler`s ironmongers have purchased the old est. firm of Charles Mansell, 96 Lionel Street, Birmingham. p.7 Ad for John Hawley and Co, mfrs of ropes, twines, and waterproof oil canvas, , plough , tarred threads, saddlers hemps, cords, bus aprons, cab cloths, clothing etc. Goodall Street, Walsall. p. 9 Messrs R Loveday and Sons collar mfrs of Islip, Thrapston and Algernon Street Walsall, splendid display of collars at a recent Walsall Trades Industrial Exhibition. p.11 article re Messrs Adams Brothers of Crewkerne in Somerset. Notes that the tanning industry has largely relocated from the West of England to the North. The tannery was est. 50 years ago. Use only the finest hides and pure English oak bark. The currying part of the business is carried out in a building over 100 feet long, heated by steam pipes and the air circulated by a fan. All the machinery is driven by a Tangye engine. Entire process of tanning and currying takes over a year [cf Handford Greatrex, 13 months]. The dressing takes place on marble tables, the old mahogany tables having been superseded. p.18 review of the past year`s trade. Harness trade has been good, but the brown saddle trade has been very slack for practically the whole year. Many workmen on short time or out of work. Partly due to the rise of the cycle trade - one rarely sees professional or other gentlemen on horseback, as used to be the case. Walsall saddlers have been slack in taking up the cycle saddle trade. However purse, pocket book makers and the fancy leather trades have been busy all year. p.22 ad for B. Cope`s patent safety p.22 ad for Hawley and Smith, Hall Lane Works, Walsall, `saddlery brush manufacturers` p.27 Ad for Kirkpatrick and Co of Walsall, mfrs of harness room fittings. Interleaf: one page advert for Overton and Cos. horse clippers, one page Messrs Hampson and Scott, “all our harness is hand sewn, except patent leather parts on cheapest sets”. p.43 One page illustrated advert for Webb Ltd 18-20 Hurst Street East, Birmingham. Mfrs of every description of bags, leggings, footballs, gun cases, school satchels, money belts etc. p.44 half page ad. for Joseph A Barnsby, army contractor, wholesale brown saddler,135-136 Lichfield Street, Walsall. Nice quality line engravings of incl. side saddle. p.40 Messrs R Dewsbury and Sons of Cross Street Harness Works, Walsall. Business founded 25 years ago. Advert p. 56 `makers of the Glenstrathfarrar deer saddle`.

Sept. 1900 p.2 One page illustrated advert for Hampson and Scott, Clarence Works, Walsall. Horse clippers and lamps, including regulation County Council lamps.

Report of the Trade. Trade exceptionally good, the war in South Africa undoubtedly the main cause. The price of labour has increased. This has had a damaging effect on exports to other countries, as prices have increased. Likewise the home market, often difficult to secure supplies of goods [as mfrs concentrating on goods for S Africa]. p.6 War Office tenders invited for 10,000 horse collars, 20,000 leather aprons, toolbags and cases, and regular saddlery and harness. Quantities so great that the Woolwich Dockyard (where munitions are inspected) is having to be reorganised. The ships which have been used for the purpose for last 160 years are being removed. p.8 Death of Mr Charles Mountfort, saddler`s ironmonger of Walsall. Business is to be continued under the management of James Beebee for the benefit of Mountfort`s widow and children. p.11 State of Trade [Boer War] Birmingham. Business good. Messrs Middlemore and Lamplugh much engaged in War Office work, incl artillery harness, saddle flaps etc

Walsall, “this town which may, without boast, be considered the saddlery metropolis of the world” has not seen such prosperity since the Franco- Prussian war of 30 years ago [1870- 71]. The home trade has had to be neglected. Everyone has been working up to full strength since last October. Several firms are extending their premises. Enormous wages are being achieved by journeymen, and many people have been attracted to the town as a result.

Messrs Hampson and Scott making a large extension to their works. Main problem has been finding enough hands to carry out the work. Their new illustrated catalogue, to be entitled the `Equine Album`, was on the eve of being issued, but the firm wish to add additional pages so there may be a delay of a month or two. “We can safely say we have never seen a more complete work”.

Messrs JABarnsby have been working overtime since last October, and have enough orders to keep them busy until Christmas. Trade both at home and abroad is `exceptionally brisk`.

Messrs Leckie has had a great rush of orders since last October as a result of the Boer war. Trade has slackened a little, but still very busy.

Messrs R Craddock and Sons of Wisemore, bridle mfrs, have been at it `hammer and tongs` to cope with War Office orders. They are now catching up on arrears of normal business. Ditto T Cresswell of Pool Street. p.13 Ad for Nicklin and Schofield harness mfrs. p.15 Saddle designed by Mr William Christie of Station Street, Walsall, with photos. p.25 Illustrations of Mexican saddlery, etc. p.57 One page illustrated ad for William Overton and Co, lamps and clippers.

June 1902 (Original at WLHC)

Editorial p.3. The prospect of peace in South Africa. 90,000 lives lost, at a cost of £250 million- and this is just on the British side.

p.4 Motors to Business. Fears of the motor car have proved groundless. Messrs. ETHolden and Sons doing a considerable quantity of coloured cushion hides for motor cars. The same firm is also doing a lot of military lines especially hogskins for light goods eg leggings, purses and pocket books, as well as saddlery. Fancy japanned leather is being produced for the forthcoming Coronation celebrations.

p.6 Mr James Homer has announced that as a consequence of the increase of his business due to the growing demand for his specialities he is compelled to increase his accommodation and has removed to more suitable premises at Mill Lane Saddlery Works, Butts, Walsall.

p.6 Mr N Grant Chavasse of Walsall and trading as Latchford and Co, 59 St Martins Lane, London, has just received the Royal Warrant as loriner to HRH the Prince of Wales [the future King George V] .

p.17 The Monarch Harness Hame, a combined harness hame and tug patented by Messrs Nicklin and Schofield of Walsall.

p.21 Indian letter, Cawnpore, May 5th 1902, sent by JK Urquhart. “Cawnpore is to the Indian saddlery trade what Walsall is to the home. Here we turn out all sorts and conditions of saddlery”. Products include strapping for elephants and camels. The Indian trade has its difficulties. The climate is very bad for leather and it becomes very brittle. p.56 Bits, Forged and Otherwise. Discussions held at the Chamber of Commerce in Walsall to discuss the relative merits of hand forged and cast nickel bits. Contributions from Mr Eglington, Mr A Dewsbury, and Mr Scott. The latter stated that hand forging was a dying art “there was not one- fourth of the number of men employed now as ten years ago, and that one- fourth would diminish and vanish.” Mr Cope, Mr Wheway and Mr Clark also commented. Mr Cope thought that the production of steel bits had diminished as they were slightly more expensive and needed some trouble to keep the metal bright. Bits of other materials on the other hand were non-corrosive, cheap, but unreliable. p.56 Within the last month Walsall firms have received the following orders form the War Office:

31,000 15,000 breast plates 56,000 girths 34,000 reins 52,000 15,500 saddles 28,000 rifle buckets 16,000 horse shoe cases 26,000 head collars “…and other articles” [total 273,500 items] p.59 Wolverhampton Industrial Exhibition Details of exhibitors. Messrs Wm. Overton Ltd of Walsall have a splendid display [photo of it in March issue of S&H]

March 1903 (original at WLHC)

p.3 Editorial. S& H sending out 7-8,000 copies of the journal this month.

p.6 Motoring is making remarkable progress. Several local authorities are employing motors eg for watering streets and removing refuse.

p.10 The Falling Off in War Office Orders Messrs Middlemore and Lamplugh of B`ham and Walsall have been feeling the effects. War Office orders are now very small and there is such competition for the work that the profits are hardly worth having.

p.14 Detailed portrait of Mr JT Hampson of Hampson and Scott, with photo. Born in Manchester 75 years ago. Apprenticed to a Walsall merchant, Mr Samuel Cox. Paid an apprentice premium of £100, for the term of 7 years. Set up his own business in 1861, and several of Mr Cox`s employees joined him. Started in a small way with a warehouse at the rear of his house in Lichfield Street, and a bit factory on Holts Hill. He set out to open up the London trade in 1862. When Samuel Cox retired in 1880 he bought out his stock and goodwill. Mr John Scott, his manager, was made a partner in 1881, together with Hampson`s son, W. Hampson. The Clarence Works referred to.

JTHampson retired in 1885 and moved to Worthing. p.35 A visit to Messrs. W Overton Ltd of Argent Works Walsall. Business is very good “every year is better than the preceding one”. p.36 One page photo of the stand of W Overton at Wolverhampton Industrial Exhibition 1902. p.67 One page ad for the `Sconic` on a patent iron tree, and the `Despatch ` being made by Nicklin and Schofield of the Standard Works Walsall p.83 Half page ad. for the Oak Tanning Co, Walsall, bird`s- eye view of tannery. p.84 Profile of Mr Joseph Sleigh of Lichfield Street, Walsall. Well known as a saddler`s ironmonger. From an old Staffs family, born 1827. Worked for Charles Greatrex and Son until 1859, then in partnership with William Hawley, trading as Sleigh and Hawley of Bridge Street Walsall. Spent 40-50 years `on the road`, including travelling widely in Ireland. Now blind. p.94 “During the recent war Messrs Barnsby and Sons` Saddlery Works in Lower Foster Street, Walsall were practically open night and day”. They are “well lighted, well ventilated, airy workshops”. p.103 The Red Book. Now 23 years since Overton and Co published the first edition of the Saddler`s Red Book [ie in 1880]. The best and most comprehensive album in the trade, now comprising two volumes, 123 pages, 2000 illustrations. p.109 One page advert for Messrs Elijah Stanley and Gillet, mfrs. and saddler`s ironmongers, Victoria Works, Walsall. p.110 A visit to the factory of BUSM in Leicester. A huge works, 140 feet long by 40 feet wide, packed with workers. Many of the machines have relevance to saddlery and harness work. The No 6 sewing machine can produce ten times the work of a hand stitcher, doing from 20 to 300 stitches per minute. Quality of the stitching is superior to the bulk of hand stitching. p111 Messrs. Butler Bros of 48 Park Street established over a century ago. For the last 12 months working on new catalogues, one for the South American market and the other for India and the East.

April 1903

p.4 Threatened strike in the Walsall harness trade. Deadlock regarding piece rates. The employers have withdrawn from negotiations and have stated they will be introducing their own prices on April 6th.

July 1903

p.8 Messr Haywood of Vicarage Works, Walsall, a specialist spur mfr, producing racing, riding, hunting and military spurs (p.69).

p.8 Messrs Moss Stone and Co of the Imperial Saddlery Works. The firm has patented a side saddle, the `Climax`.

p.49 `Revival of Trade`. Old est. firm of William Overton Ltd of Argent Works so busy that they have been on overtime, for past 6 weeks.

p.84 Advert for J Carver, whip mfrs –replica of label used on their `A1. Reaper` whip, showing an American- style reaping machine harvesting corn with the help of a `reaper` whip.

p.86 One page advert for JWChesterton and Co., coach and saddler`s ironmongers. Detailed image showing range of hardware eg carriage steps, carriage lamps etc as well as saddlery etc.

October 1905

[incomplete issue in WLM collection, undated, but see item on p.129]

p.14 The Founder of a Famous Firm [JA Barnsby and Sons Ltd] Mr JA Barnsby is 80 years old on Nov 1st. Commenced in work at an earlier age than is now the custom, and was actively engaged in the business until 3 years ago. The business founded by Mr Barnsby over 30 years ago and “the firm now are probably the largest brown saddle makers in England”. Riding saddle dept employs 80 journeymen “when in full swing”, producing several hundred saddles a week.

JAB served an apprenticeship in Macclesfield. After unsuccessful attempt to find employment in London he came to Walsall in 1854, finding employment with Chawner and Newman. “Here it was that he perfected his knowledge, and after remaining with the firm many years, he commenced business himself.” Business so successful that the Lichfield Street factory was inadequate and the Globe Works was erected a few years ago. The business now run by his three sons. p.19 Advert (whole page) for North Taylor and Son of 10-11 Station Street Walsall, mfrs. of buckles and gear of all kinds p.29 Four pages of adverts for W Overton and Co, wholesale saddlery and harness. Includes one page illustration of purses etc.

p.36 advert for Moss Stone and Co, Imperial Works [Butts ] Walsall. Photos of Robson`s patent side saddle, in which the stuffing is replaced with cork blocks separated by air chambers, permitting perspiration to `freely escape`, thereby keeping the horse`s back cool.

Visit to Messrs Norris`s harness leather works, London.

p.46 Whole page advert for THCrumpton and Co of 48 Stafford Street, Walsall. Nice half page photo showing carriage and pair of greys.

[pages 49-104 are missing]

p.129 ETHolden made an honorary freeman of Walsall., following the opening of the New Town Hall on Wed Sept 27th 1905. ETH has served as mayor on 3 occasions. p.135 Messrs Connolly`s New Premises at Merton in Surrey. Detailed description incl bird`s-eye view of site.

1906

January 1906 p.6 Partnership of Nicklin and Schofield of Standard Works, Station Street, Walsall dissolved. Now Nicklin and Nicklin.

February 1906 p.6 There are reported to be 230 motor omnibuses in London. No wonder that the harness trade has been affected, and that there has been a marked falling off in demand for harness repairs. p.46 The motor car has come to stay. Saddlers need to diversify and stock goods that will also be required by motorists eg waterproof rugs, luncheon baskets etc. Trade in heavy cart harness has been least affected, the trade in saddlery and harness for light the worst affected

March 1906

Walsall Master Brown Saddlers Association meeting and annual dinner at the Stork Hotel, Walsall. Mr Windle toasted the President, Mr JN Barnsby. Firm of Barnsby long connected with the brown saddlery trade and employed more hands than any other. Barnsby also a good sportsman [cricketer] and a gentleman. Replying, Mr. Barnsby commented on the very poor state of trade for the last 2 ½ years.

Mr Airton also commented on the poor state of the trade. He believed things would improve, but had few hopes of the colonial trade, for English settlers were supplying their own saddlery. What had happened in Australia would also happen in the Cape. Wherever Englishmen settled, if they could make their own saddles they did so.

Mr JD Christie stated that the last three years “had been disastrous and it would take a long time to get over them.” He was concerned that Walsall had allowed the bag trade and the legging trade to slip through its fingers, since Walsall produced all the fittings for these items. p.56 Photograph and description of very ornate coat of arms and winker bead produced by heraldic chaser Harry Gill of Walsall. Made in nickel, silver plated. Produced for an Indian maharajah (unnamed), to mark visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales to India p.60 Mr John Leckie of Torquay has presented to the town of Walsall a nurses` home [ in Lichfield Street] as a memorial to his wife.

April 1906 p.4 Impact of the nickel bit . A measure of distrust attached to them, but surely unfounded as generally of very high quality, and any imperfections would be quickly spotted in the manufacturing process. A hand forged bit made by a poor workman is just as likely to break. The popularity of non- corrosive bits has had the effect of “depleting the ranks of the bit forgers.” p.10 Mr Samuel Overton has gone into partnership with Mr H B Harris. The firm of Overton and Harris is based at Albert Street with additional premises in Littleton Street.

Messrs Handford Greatrex and Co made a profit of £9841 for 1906. Paying a 5% dividend to shareholders. p.56 Article re Handford Greatrex. The tannery was in existence at the time of the Commonwealth [ie pre 1660]. p.63 JBBrooks and Co of Birmingham advert. Includes gig saddles etc. p.86 Advert for portable wheel guard made by RE Thacker of Walsall. p.97 Article re W and J Richardson of Eagle Leather Works, Derby, founded 1624. Illustrations of the works (also 4 pages of advertising, pp 73-76) p.101 Article re Messrs Connolly Bros., curriers of Chalton ( sic) Street, London. Bird`s-eye view of works. The company does a large business in export to Australia and South Africa, where practically all of the best leather is imported. Measurement of hides by `Connolly`s Areameter`. Description of the machine, which has been accepted by the Board of Trade as the officially recognised leather measuring instrument. p.104 Ad for Thomas Poppleton, 83 Bath Rd. Caldmore. Heraldic chaser and embosser, mfr. of coats of arms crests, monograms etc. Patentee and maker of the Poppleton patent front, 675,000 already sold. p.106 Messrs Edward Butler and Son of 74 Park Street . Their extensive trade, with branches at Brisbane and Sydney.

May 1906

Provisional Patent no 6272 Mr William Wiggin, for improvement in, and the mfr of, bridle bits. Patent no. 14819 for handles for portmanteaux, trunks, A Wilks, Bloxwich Works, Bloxwich.

June 1906 p.6 Shareholders of Messrs Charles Greatrex and Son of Walsall have decided to wind up the Company

p.16 Whip stand developed by Mr JPNeville of Hanch Place, Walsall

p.60 Attractive fancy leather goods. Mr Edgar J Gee of 97 Lichfield Street, Walsall bridlecutter and mfr of watchguards, bag handles and plaited belts (ad on p.67).

p.65 May Day Horse parades in Birmingham. One at the LNWR Co., Monument Lane Depot, the other at Curzon Street Depot. Over 250 animals at the latter parade.

July 1906

Patents. Messrs Nicklin and Schofield of Standard Works, Station Street, Walsall, for saddle trees cast in aluminium

p.33 full page ad. for Overton and Co, `pair a speciality`.

p.61 Lengthy article about the impact of the motor trade on saddlers in the Coventry district, or “Motor Land”. Includes detailed accounts of the state of business at the various local firms, with photos. General feeling is that business is still there for those who want it.

p.66 Our Mutual Friend the Horse. The article quotes statistics showing increase in agricultural use of to a 30 year peak of 2,116,000 in the UK in 1905, up from 2,000,415 in 1900. A total of 1.2 million being used in England [of course excludes carriage horses, omnibus horses, hansom cabs, van horses etc etc]. Proof that the days of the horse are far from numbered.

Back cover: whole page advert for Middlemore and Lamplugh of Birmingham. Hunting goods, curriers, army, volunteer and police goods a speciality.

August 1906 p.33 Full page colour ad. for Messrs Overton and Co of Freer Street, Walsall.

p.50 Half day holiday of the Birmingham and District Master Saddlers. By train from Snow Hill 2.10pm to Kidderminster, then by tram to Stourport, where refreshments taken at the Tontine Hotel. Then by the steamer the “Amo” to Holt Fleet. Back home for 10.50pm.

p.58 Article re pushball “somewhat of a novelty here in England”. About 15 feet in circumference. Photo of three made by Frank Bryan of London.

September 1906

p.6 Business of Messrs Peter Aspinall and Son of Walsall, saddle- bar makers, has been sold. W Brookes and Son has been converted into a limited company. The entire share capital is held by members of the family.

Patents,p.17. E.Evans, Bridge Street, Walsall, spring hooks. (with illustration) J Noake, Bridge Street Walsall, improved gig saddle (with illustration)

p.31 Article on why saddlers are poor. One reason is conservatism. Advocates the use of hot wax harness stitching machines. Quality of the workmanship is excellent and time saving is great.

p.39 Advert for leather neckties, in great favour by sportsmen and motorists as being more durable. Made by HO Worrall of Bromsgrove Street, Birmingham.

p. 49 Advert for William Shillcock, mfr of footballs for English Cup Finals 1899, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903. Newtown Row, Birmingham.

p.59 Half page advert for Overton and Harris of Littleton Street, Walsall mfrs of harness furniture.

p.64 Half page article re Dunhills Motorities.

p.70 Meeting of the Saddlers` Ironmongers Assn in Walsall. Refers to court case in London where allegations were made about poor quality of Walsall-made harness. London must not forget that because Walsall makes cheaper harness than any other town, they can also make the best, and London is their finest market. p.76 Full page advert for Frank Willis of 13 Station Street, Walsall for leggings in real pigskin, imitation hide, smooth hide, box hide, willow hide, antelope hide box calf, tanned sheep etc. p.79 John Rees mfr of horse clothing, 13 Cecil Street, The Butts, Walsall. Half page advert.

November 1906 (issue no. 185)

Editorial. Low wages of master saddlers, 20 to 22 shillings per week. Too often saddlers are undertaking work at rates which simply do not pay.

Messrs John Broughton and Sons, harness mfrs of Hart Street, Walsall, moving to Spring Head Works, Wednesbury. Being managed by Mr William Broughton.

P.15 lengthy obituary of Mr John Connolly of Connolly Bros. curriers. Died very suddenly of pneumonia, aged 52. Leaves ten children, the eldest 26 yrs old. Business will be continued by his brother Frederick.

Back cover- full page advert for Middlemore and Lamplugh.

1907

February 1907

From cover “The New Dogs Act: All dogs to wear collar engraved with name and address” (actually an advert for A Garstin and Co).

Will of Mr John Connolly of Connolly Bros., leaves £63,971. p.39 The Dogs` Order of 1906, came into force 1.1.1907. Has created a `big boom` in demand for dog collars. Saddlers have always dominated this trade, and it is a very useful sideline. p.42 advert for E Smith and Sons, curriers of Stafford Street. p.45 Charles Ernest Thornhill, saddler of Church Hill, Walsall, in court for theft of papers from solicitors` office. p.60 Ads. for Samuel Hunter and Co, Duncalfe Street, Walsall; and Harry Gill, embosser and heraldic chaser, of Vicarage Place, est 1828

October 1907 (fragment only) p.3 Obituary notice, death of Mr Thomas Kirby, founder of the firm (and publisher of S and H journal), at his residence 47 Bradford Street, Walsall aged 73. p.6 London General Omnibus Co has 14,200 horses “in the stud” at present time. More now than 11 years ago, despite competition of the motor bus. p.6 Mr Bernard Greatrex is carrying on the business of Greatrex Ltd in South Africa. The business, formerly known as C. Greatrex, is an old firm, est. more than 150 years, `famous throughout South Africa` for saddlery and harness.

1908

Feb 1908

Importance of May Day as a source of business and profit for saddlers.

p.6 Fire on Jan 14th at the factory of ETHolden- not of any great extent.

p.15 Advert for Albert T Price, `late John Franklin`, tanners, curriers, japanners etc of Bank Street, Walsall. Bird`s-eye view of factory [now Walsall Box Co]. “Oldest established house in Walsall”

p.46 Advert (with illustration) for the `Fortuna` leather paring machine (ie skiving machine) `It will skive or split morocco, pigskin, sheepskin, alligator, lizard, seal, glove leather, felt, cloth ...it is the only machine which will skive the intricate patterns so common in the Fancy Leather Goods Trade.” Agents for GB are Gimson and Co of Leicester [machine was German made].

1909

April (Sat 3rd) 1909 p.3 Advert for Butler Bros` [of Park Street Walsall?] unbreakable trees, “over 60,000 sold and not a single complaint”

Double page advert for BUSM No6 sewing machine, trimming machine, trace burnishing machine etc.

Ad for Edward Butler and Sons of 74 Park Street Walsall. Also at Sydney NSW, and Brisbane, Queensland p.63 `To Save the Horse Cab`

Statistics re decline of hansom cabs in London (no. of motor cabs in brackets): 1903 7499(1) 1904 7137(2) 1905 6996 (19) 1906 6648 (96) 1907 5952 (723) 1908 4747 (2925) = 37% decline from 1903

“The matter is one which concerns not one, but a group of industries. The breeder who supplies the horses, and the harness maker who turns out the equipment are, together with the coach builder, the fodder merchant, and the tanner, directly interested in the fate of the hansom cab”. Orders for cab harness have “shown an alarming decrease during the past three years.”

1910

October (Sat. 8th ) 1910

p.6 Mr B. George Cope setting up on his own at Bridgeman Works, Bridgeman Street, leaving the business of Benjamin Cope.

p.36 Adverts for A.Wood, harness and legging mfr. of Corporation Street. Frank Moseley , saddlery and harness mfr. Illustrated advert for John Pound and Co.

p.49 Adverts for Thomas Ash, saddler, Paragon Works, Wednesbury Road. JHHawkins, StationStreet.

p.54 “Machine versus hand labour” Last month no fewer than 46 No 6 sewing machines `sent out`, a record.[but possibly for use in making luggage and heavy leathergoods, rather than saddlery and harness?] p.56 Half page advert for Charles Haywood., Vicarage Spur Works. p.60 Whole page advert for W Overton. p.70 Half page advert for J and J Wiggin [Old Hall]. p.73 Albert Jagger advert. Carriage lamps and whip sockets p.78 Article re Charles Haywood. (Advert for same on page 56)