Community College Humanities Association, Transcendentalism
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UNIT 26 RALPH WALDO EMERSON Ralph Waldo Emerson
UNIT 26 RALPH WALDO EMERSON Ralph Waldo Emerson Structure 26.0 Objectives 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Emerson: A Biographical Sketch 26.3 The Snow Storm 26.3.1 Introduction 26.3.2 The Text 26.3.3 An Appreciation 26.4 Hamatreya 26.4.1 Introduction 26.4.2 The Text 26.4.3 An Appreciation 26.5 Let Us Sum Up 26.6 Answers to Self-Check Exercises 26.0 OBJECTIVES After reading this unit you will be able to: • critically analyse Emerson’s life and work, • explain Emerson’s poetry against his cultural background, • comment upon ‘The Snow Storm’ and • appreciate the Importance of Indian scriptures in the study of a poem such as ‘Hamatreya’. 26.1 INTRODUCTION In the introduction to this block you read about the various poets writing in America in the Colonial, Enlightenment and the Antebellum periods of American Literature. You must have noticed that the earliest settlers in America were the Puritans and Calvinists, profoundly influenced by the Christian faith. As time passed by they got influenced by neo-classicism on the one hand and reason and commonsense on the other of the late seventeenth and eighteenth century European culture. Late in the eighteenth century the American colonies began to dislike their colonial status and on the continent the French rebelled against the ancien regime. In England poets such as William Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge were writing in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. They were later called the romantic poets. Romanticism began to influence poets in the United States also. -
MENG 6510: Eminent Writers, Ralph Waldo Emerson Instructor
Course Syllabus: MENG 6510: Eminent Writers, Ralph Waldo Emerson Instructor: Dr. John Schwiebert Office: EH #457 Phone: 626-6289 e-mail: [email protected] Office hours: XXX, or by appointment Course Overview Ralph Waldo Emerson was the central figure in the American Literary Renaissance of the middle nineteenth century. Numerous writers, American and worldwide, then and since, have felt his influence, and many of his ideas have become mainstays of the American vocabulary. For instance, Emerson popularized the term “self-reliance,” and much of what is best and most enduring in American intellectual history has affinities with ideas in his essays, poems, journals, and other writings. Emerson’s main interest, throughout his life, was in processes: natural and physical processes, creative processes, and spiritual; how to read, how to write, how to think and grow, and above all, how to live. In Emerson’s view nothing is static, least of all his own writings. A course in Emerson cannot properly be limited to Emerson as a “subject,” because for Emerson the “subject” was always living people, e.g, you and me, who are tasked with the challenge of creating their own lives out of a living past. Accordingly, we will treat Emerson’s works less as ends in themselves than as means to our own intellectual growth and creativity. To live the Emersonian life is to live your own life; to study Emerson is to do your own work. Required Course Texts and Supplies • Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Ralph Waldo Emerson: Essays & Poems. Ed. Harold Bloom, Paul Kane, and Joel Porte. -
Ralph Ellison and the American Pursuit of Humanism by Richard
Ralph Ellison and the American Pursuit of Humanism by Richard Errol Purcell BA, Rutgers University, 1996 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 1999 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2008 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH Faculty of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by Richard Errol Purcell It was defended on May 14th, 2008 and approved by Ronald Judy, Professor, English Marcia Landy, Professor, English Jonathan Arac, Professor, English Dennis Looney, Professor, French and Italian Dissertation Advisor: Paul Bove, Professor, English ii Copyright © by Richard Errol Purcell 2008 iii Ralph Ellison and the American Pursuit of Humanism Richard Purcell, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2008 In the middle of a 1945 review of Bucklin Moon’s Primer for White Folks, Ralph Ellison proclaims that the time is right in the United States for a “new American humanism.” Through exhaustive research in Ralph Ellison’s Papers at the Library of Congress, I contextualize Ellison’s grand proclamation within post-World War II American debates over literary criticism, Modernism, sociological method, and finally United States political and cultural history. I see Ellison's “American humanism” as a revitalization of the Latin notion of litterae humaniores that draws heavily on Gilded Age American literature and philosophy. For Ellison, American artists and intellectuals of that period were grappling with the country’s primary quandary after the Civil War: an inability to reconcile America’s progressive vision of humanism with the legacy left by chattel slavery and anti-black racism. -
THE THOREAU SOCIETY 75Th Anniversary Annual Gathering, July 6-10, 2016
THE THOREAU SOCIETY 75th Anniversary Annual Gathering, July 6-10, 2016 Finding the Extraordinary in the Ordinary: Henry D. Thoreau as Proto-ecologist, Reformer, and Visionary THOREAU SOCIETY STAFF ANNUAL GATHERING STAFF Michael J. Frederick, Executive Director Clarissa Eaton, Director of Registration Chynna Lemire, Business Manager Rachel Gulick, Registration Coordinator Magdalena Bermudez, Annual Gathering Coordinator Delia Frederick, Registration Assistant Jon Fadiman, Shop Supervisor Finley Janes, Director of Hospitality Richard Smith, Historian Rhana Tabrizi, Audio-Visual Technician Victor Curran, Shop Associate William Bermudez, Audio-Visual Technician HONORARY ADVISOR Edward O. Wilson Harrison A. Glasgow Manassas, VA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Michael Schleifer, CPA Allen Harding Brooklyn, New York Matamoras, PA President Ronald Hoag, PhD Robert Clarke Grimesland, NC Woodbury, CT Treasurer Michael Lorence Williamsburg, VA Gayle Moore Martinsville, IN Tom Potter Clerk Martinsville, IN Barry Andrews, D.Min. Rochelle Johnson, PhD Bainbridge Island, WA Caldwell, ID Michael Berger, PhD Paul Schacht, PhD Cincinnati, OH Rochester, NY Andrew Celentano Michael Stoneham, PhD Stoneham, MA Washingtonville, NY Dianne Weiss Concord, MA EVENT MAP Program Schedule Wednesday, July 6 First Night Masonic Temple 7-9 pm Panel Discussion “Is Thoreau Really ‘Pond Scum’,” Joseph L. “Joel” Andrews and Michael Lorence Performance “Skimming the Surface, A Katherine Schultz Inspired Play” Tammy Rose Thursday, July 7 8 am Registration Opens Masonic Temple 9-10 am Session I Masonic Temple Main Level “Reading Thoreau’s Journal,” Barry Andrews, D.Min. Lower Level “How Walden Works: The Hydrology of the Pond,” John M. Nevison 10:15- Session II Masonic Temple 11:45 am Main Level “Nature, Ecology and the Spiritual Vision of Henry David Thoreau,” Rev’d Dr Daniel Medina, CJ, O.S.B., D.Min. -
California State University, Northridge the World As
- .... -~-·· ---- -~-~-. -· --. -· ·------ - -~- -----~-·--~-~-*-·----~----~----·····"'·-.-·-~·-·--·---~---- ---~-··i ' CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, NORTHRIDGE THE WORLD AS ILLUSION \\ EMERSON'S AMERICANIZATION ·oF MAYA A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English by Rose Marian Shade [. I I May, 1975 The thesis of Rose Marian Shade 1s approved: California State University, Northridge May, 1975 ii _,---- ~---'"·--------------- -------- -~-------- ---·· .... -· - ... ------------ ---······. -·- -·-----··- ··- --------------------·--···---··-·-··---- ------------------------: CONTENTS Contents iii Abstract iv Chapter I THE BACKGROUND 1 II INDIAN FASCINATION--HARVARD DAYS 5 III ONE OF THE WORLD'S OLDEST RELIGIONS 12 IV THE EDUCATION OF AN ORIENTALIST 20 v THE USES OF ILLUSION 25 Essays Nature 25 History 28 The Over-Soul 29 Experience 30 Plato 32 Fate 37 Illusions 40 Works and Days 47 Poems Hamatreya 49 Brahma 54 Maia 59 VI THE WORLD AS ILLUSION: YANKEE STYLE 60 VII ILLUSION AS A WAY OF LIFE 63 NOTES 70 BIBLIOGRAPHY 77 iii I I ABSTRACT THE WORLD AS ILLUSION EMERSON'S AMERICANIZATION OF MAYA by Rose Marian Shade Master of Arts in English May, 1975 One of the most important concepts that Ralph Waldo Emerson passed on to America's new philosophies and religions was borrowed from one of the world's oldest systems of thought--Hinduism. This was the Oriental view of the phenomenal world as Maya or Illusion concealing the unity of Brahman under a variety of names and forms. This thesis describes Emerson's introduction to Hindu thought and literature during his college days, reviews the_concept of Maya found in Hindu scriptures, and details Emerson's deepened interest and wide reading in Hindu philosophy in later life. -
Ralph Waldo Emersonの“Rhodora”再読 −ナチュラル・ヒストリーと
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Ralph Waldo Emersonの“Rhodora”再読-ナチュラル・ヒストリーと東洋(佐久間) 33 Ralph Waldo Emersonの“Rhodora”再読 -ナチュラル・ヒストリーと東洋 佐久間 みかよ Ralph Waldo Emersonの自然観については、トランセンデンタリズムとの関連で内面的 な観念性を帯びたものとして従来解釈されてきた。エマソンの観念性は、1960年代、70年代 には抽象的であると批判され、Ann Douglassは、エマソンは歴史を生きていない、と評した。1 これらへの反発からか、近年エマソンを多面的に捉えようとする傾向にともない、 Lawrence Buellが指摘するように、独自の思想を打ち立てた思想家という面だけでなく、当 時の政治、文学といったコンテクストにのせてエマソンは再解釈されている。2 そこで、 本稿は、エマソンが自然をどうみていたかについて、当時の文化状況のなかでも、自然科学 と東洋からの影響という視点で考察するものである。 エマソンの自然観を見る上で、自然科学と東洋からの影響について考察するのは、当時、 ナチュラル・ヒストリーが一般の人にも一種の流行となっており、また、トランセンデンタ リストの間では、東洋に関する興味が増していたという状況があったからである。エマソン は、科学に興味をもち、“The American Scholar”でも「歴史と科学については多くの本を 読んで学ばねばならない」(CW II, 93) と科学の重要性を説いており、とりわけナチュラル・ ヒストリーには大いに引かれていた。「コンコードの聖人」といわれるエマソンだが、科学 との距離は以外に近い。3 かつてナチュラリストになろうと言ったエマソンが、はたして、 アメリカの自然をどのように描いたかについて、これまでなされてきた自然科学とエマソン の関係を指摘する研究をふまえ、具体的に自然をどのようにあらわしたかという実作につい て考察したい。これらを考察するには、今まで看過されがちであったエマソンの詩に注目し たい。エマソンの詩は従来、副次的なものと捉えられ研究自体も少なかった。4 しかし、 エマソンは、若い頃から詩を書き、それに対する興味は終生続いた。そこで、本稿では、エ マソンの描く生物について、その詩に焦点をあて、ナチュラル・ヒストリーとの関連で考察 することで、エマソンの自然観を明らかにしつつ、その過程において、エマソンの東洋から の影響について詩の面から新たな指摘をしたい。 言語・文学系外国語・外国文学研究室 34 和洋女子大学紀要 第49集(人文系編) 1.エマソンの詩 Saundra Morrisによれば、詩人エマソンに関する研究は1970年代ころが活発で、研究書 が3冊出版されるが、その後、研究は下火となる。5 しかし、1999年に出版されたThe Cambridge Companion to Ralph Waldo Emersonにはエマソンの詩に注目した研究論文が2 本収録され、エマソンの詩が再読される気配が感じられる。6 エマソンは、再編集された ものをのぞくと二作、詩集を発表している。そのなかでも初期の作品である“Rhodora”に 注目したい。この詩は、1834年5月に書かれ、1839年のWestern Messenger誌に発表された。 Joel PorteとSaundra Morrisを編注者とするNorton Critical版の注によると、Rhodoraとい -
“On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” by Henry David Thoreau 2018 Richard J Walters Jr
Notes on “On the Duty of Civil Disobedience” by Henry David Thoreau 2018 Richard J Walters Jr 1. Introductory statements about government. I would like to draw your attention to the last phrase in the first quotation below. Thoreau says that “when men are prepared for it” as if he doesn’t believe that his extreme statement should be acted upon at the time he is writing this. a. “I heartily accept the motto, ‘That government is best which governs least’; and I should like to see it acted up to more rapidly and systematically. Carried out, it finally amounts to this, which also I believe—‘That government is best which governs not at all’; and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have.” 2. What does it mean to object to a country having a standing Army? a. “Government is at best but an expedient; but most governments are usually, and all governments are sometimes, inexpedient. The objections which have been brought against a standing army, and they are many and weighty, and deserve to prevail, may also at last be brought against a standing government. The standing army is only an arm of the standing government.” b. “The government itself, which is only the mode which the people have chosen to execute their will, is equally liable to be abused and perverted before the people can act through it. Witness the present Mexican war, the work of comparatively a few individuals using the standing government as their tool; for in the outset, the people would not have consented to this measure.” c. -
A Higher Sphere of Thought”
“A HIGHER SPHERE OF THOUGHT”: EMERSON’S USE OF THE EXEMPLUM AND EXEMPLUM FIDEI By CHARLA DAWN MAJOR Master of Arts Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1995 Bachelor of Arts The University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, Texas 1990 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY December, 2005 “A HIGHER SPHERE OF THOUGHT”: EMERSON’S USE OF THE EXEMPLUM AND EXEMPLUM FIDEI Dissertation Approved: _______________Jeffrey Walker________________ Dissertation Adviser _____________William M. Decker_______________ _______________Edward Jones________________ ________________L. G. Moses_________________ ______________A. Gordon Emslie_______________ Dean of the Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Jeffrey Walker, for his guidance, support, and friendship, not only during the considerable duration of this work but throughout the entire course of my graduate studies here at Oklahoma State University. No one could ask for a better teacher, advisor, mentor, and friend, and I have gained immeasurably from this long association. I consider myself extremely fortunate and blessed. My gratitude extends to my committee members. Dr. William Decker has been a continual source of guidance and resources and has consistently perpetuated my interest in both this subject and literary period. Dr. Edward Jones, who has been there from the very beginning, has been a great source of guidance, assistance, encouragement, and friendship and has demonstrated a welcome propensity for being available to me at critical points in my education. And Dr. L. G. Moses, my most recent acquaintance, has offered a unique intelligence and wit that made this dissertation a truly enjoyable learning experience. -
Alcott Family Papers 1814-1935
The Trustees of Reservations – www.thetrustees.org THE TRUSTEES OF RESERVATIONS ARCHIVES & RESEARCH CENTER Guide to Alcott Family Papers 1814-1935 FM.MS.T.1 by Jane E. Ward Date: May 2019 Archives & Research Center 27 Everett Street, Sharon, MA 02067 www.thetrustees.org [email protected] 781-784-8200 The Trustees of Reservations – www.thetrustees.org Box Folder Contents Date Extent: 6 boxes Linear feet: 3 lin. ft. Copyright © 2019 The Trustees of Reservations ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION PROVENANCE Transcendental manuscript materials were first acquired by Clara Endicott Sears beginning in 1918 for her Fruitlands Museum in Harvard, Massachusetts. Sears became interested the Transcendentalists after acquiring land in Harvard and restoring the Fruitlands Farmhouse. Materials continued to be collected by the museum throughout the 20th century. In 2016, Fruitlands Museum became The Trustees’ 116th reservation, and these manuscript materials were relocated to the Archives & Research Center in Sharon, Massachusetts. In Harvard, the Fruitlands Museum site continues to display the objects that Sears collected. The museum features four separate collections of significant Shaker, Native American, Transcendentalist, and American art and artifacts. The property features a late 18th century farmhouse that was once home to the writer Louisa May Alcott and her family. Today it is a National Historic Landmark. These papers were acquired by a combination of purchases and donations up through the 1980s. OWNERSHIP & LITERARY RIGHTS The Alcott Family Papers are the physical property of The Trustees of Reservations. Literary rights, including copyright, belong to the authors or their legal heirs and assigns. CITE AS Alcott Family Papers, Fruitlands Museum. The Trustees of Reservations, Archives & Research Center. -
The Legendary Visit of Emerson to Tallahassee
Florida Historical Quarterly Volume 34 Number 4 Florida Historical Quarterly, Vol 34, Article 6 Issue 4 1955 The Legendary Visit of Emerson to Tallahassee Alan J. Downes Part of the American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Article is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida Historical Quarterly by an authorized editor of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Recommended Citation Downes, Alan J. (1955) "The Legendary Visit of Emerson to Tallahassee," Florida Historical Quarterly: Vol. 34 : No. 4 , Article 6. Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/fhq/vol34/iss4/6 Downes: The Legendary Visit of Emerson to Tallahassee THE LEGENDARY VISIT OF EMERSON TO TALLAHASSEE by ALAN J. DOWNES Among the pioneers in the perennial migration of winter visitors to Florida was Ralph Waldo Emerson, the beloved philosopher of American ideals. In 1827, ten years before the flowering of the stirring essays on “The American Scholar” and ”Self-Reliance,” the unknown tubercular youth sailed into castle- shadowed St. Augustine harbor seeking the healing climate of the newly-acquired Florida Territory. During his ten-week stay the future scholar as a matter of habit recorded his random thoughts and his impressions of life around him in a series of journal entries, notebook jottings, and letters. These writings, now published in relative com- pleteness, constitute an important historical source, first be- cause of their record of Emerson’s momentous meeting with the atheistic Napoleonic prince-in-exile, Achille Murat; and second because of the light they throw upon social life in the old Spanish town just following American occupation. -
Ralph Waldo Emerson: from Buddhism to Transcendentalism
Jue 1 Ralph Waldo Emerson: From Buddhism to Transcendentalism, the Beginning of an American Literary Tradition A Senior Project presented to the Faculty of the English California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree English, Bachelor of Arts by Irene Jue May 2013 © 2013 Irene Jue Jue 2 INTRODUCTION Ralph Waldo Emerson was a key figure in the American literary tradition. He was an extraordinary and revolutionary thinker who helped found a new philosophical, social and literary movement in the United States during the early 19 th century. The movement was created as a way to protest against the general state of society at the time. Transcendentalism grew to be more than just a rebellious act against conformity, however; it became a way of life. Early in his life, Emerson identified as a Calvinist and then later a Unitarian, even becoming a Unitarian minister. However, after the death of his first wife, he renounced his Unitarian beliefs and gave up the observance of any specific kind of religion, instead adopting many different philosophies and epistemologies. Although Emerson was a great thinker, many of his ideas were influenced by other intellectual figures and philosophies, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, the theories of Immanuel Kant, and many more. One of the most significant influences on Emerson’s transcendental ideals was Buddhism. Although there is evidence of Emerson studying Indian Buddhism, many of his philosophies seem to parallel with the school of Zen Buddhism. FUNDAMENTALS OF BUDDHISM Buddhism originated in India, but it is now practiced throughout the world. -
Mary Moody Emerson
MARY MOODY EMERSON GAVE HIGH COUNSELS. IT WAS THE PRIVILEGE OF CERTAIN BOYS TO HAVE THIS IMMEASURABLY HIGH STANDARD INDICATED TO THEIR CHILDHOOD; A BLESSING WHICH NOTHING ELSE IN 1 EDUCATION COULD SUPPLY. 1. This description was created by Elizabeth Hoar and would appear on Miss Mary Moody Emerson’s tombstone. HDT WHAT? INDEX T N A M U R Y A A M I T A 2 MISS MARY “POLLY” MOODY EMERSON WALDO’S RELATIVES “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY 2. “Tnamurya” and “Amita” were names used by Waldo Emerson to mask or minimize the influence upon him of his Aunt Mary. HDT WHAT? INDEX A M I T A T N A M U R Y A Table of Altitudes Yoda 2 ' 0 '' Lavinia Warren 2 ' 8 '' Tom Thumb, Jr. 3 ' 4 '' Lucy (Australopithecus Afarensis) 3 ' 8 '' Hervé Villechaize (“Fantasy Island”) 3 ' 11'' Charles Proteus Steinmetz 4 ' 0 '' Mary Moody Emerson per FBS (1) 4 ' 3 '' Alexander Pope 4 ' 6 '' Benjamin Lay 4 ' 7 '' Dr. Ruth Westheimer 4 ' 7 '' Gary Coleman (“Arnold Jackson”) 4 ' 8 '' Edith Piaf 4 ' 8 '' Queen Victoria with osteoporosis 4 ' 8 '' Linda Hunt 4 ' 9 '' Queen Victoria as adult 4 ' 10 '' Mother Teresa 4 ' 10 '' Margaret Mitchell 4 ' 10 '' length of newer military musket 4 ' 10'' Charlotte Brontë 4 ' 10-11'' Tammy Faye Bakker 4 ' 11'' Soviet gymnast Olga Korbut 4 ' 11'' jockey Willie Shoemaker 4 ' 11'' Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 4 ' 11'' Joan of Arc 4 ' 11'' Bonnie Parker of “Bonnie & Clyde” 4 ' 11'' Harriet Beecher Stowe 4 ' 11'' Laura Ingalls Wilder 4 ' 11'' a rather tall adult Pygmy male 4 ' 11'' Gloria Swanson 4 ' 11''1/2 Clara Barton 5 ' 0 '' Isambard Kingdom Brunel 5 ' 0 '' Andrew Carnegie 5 ' 0 '' Thomas de Quincey 5 ' 0 '' Stephen A.