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Expanded Number S-0905-0003-02-00001
Title items-in-Disarmament - chronological files - general
Date Created 12/06/1979
Record Type Archival Item
Container S-0905-0003: Political matters - disarmament 1972-1981
Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit MJS/EF
SUMMARY OF RESOLUTION ON SALT ADOPTED /BYX 34th GENERAL ASSEMBLY
The General Assembly reaffirms its resolution of 16 December 1979, which noted the importance of SALT II and urged that it should be followed promptly by further negotiations.
The General Assembly welcomes the agreement reached between the USA and the USSR to pursue negotiations aiming at significant reductions in the number of strategic arms as well as their further qualitative limitation.
It trusts that the SALT II Treaty will enter into_ force at an early date and that, as provided for by its article XIV, the new agreement referred to as SALT 11,1 will be concluded "well in advance of 1985".
It invites the Governments of the USA and the USSR to keep the General Assembly informed of the results of their negotiations, in accordance with the Final Document of the special session, and decides to include in the provisional agenda of its 35th session an item entitled "Strategic arms limitation talks". UN.'TED NAT/ONS Distr. GENERAL LIMITED A/C.l/3VL.38/Rev.l ASSEMBLY 27 November 1979 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/SPANISH
Thirty-fourth session FIF.ST CCM4IITEE Agenda item H5
GENERAL AND COMPLETE DISARMAMENT
Argentina, Australia, Egypt, Ethiopia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Sweden and Uruguay: revised draft resolution
Strategic arms limitation talks
The General Assembly,
Recalling its resolutions 2602 A (XXIV) of 16 December 1969, 2932 B (XXVII) of 29 November 1972, 318U A and C (XXVIIl) of 18 December 1973, 326l C (XXIX) of . 9 December 197^, 3U8U C (XXX) of 12 December 1975, 31/189 A of 21 December 1976 and 32/87 G of 12 December 1977, Reaffirming its resolution 33/91 C of 16 December 1978, in. which, inter alia, it: '(a) Reiterated its satisfaction for the solemn declarations made in 1977 by the Heads of State of the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in -which they stated to be ready to endeavour to reach agreements which would permit to start the trgradual reduction of existing stockpiles" of nuclear weapons and "move towards their complete, total destruction", with a view to "a world truly free of nuclear weapons*', (b) Recalled that one of the disarmament measures deserving the highest priority included in the Programme of Action contained in the Final Document of its first special session devoted to disarmament, was the conclusion of the bilateral agreement known as "SALT II", which should be "followed promptly by further strategic arms limitation negotiations between the two parties, leading to agreed significant reductions of, and qualitative limitations on, strategic arms", (c) Stressed that in the Programme of Action it was established that ljin the task of achieving the goals of nuclear disarmament all nuclear-weapon States, in particular those among them which possess the most important nuclear arsenals, bear a special responsibility",
79-32521 MJS/EF
Excerpts from Mr. Martenson's asse^^m^nt of disarmament deliberations during the 34th General Assembly
1. In the 34th General Assembly, 38 resolutions and 1 decision were adopted, 19 by consensus. Emphasis was placed on the implementation of the recommendations adopted by the First Special Session devoted to Disarmament.
2. A resolu>^on dealing with the SALT^as adopted A specific item on these talks will B^inclu provisional agenda of the 35th Session, ^r
3. China has decided to take its seat on the Commission for Disarmament in its 1980 Session- All nuclear-weapon states will therefore now be represented.
4. The Secretary-General has been requested to prepare 5 new studies on disarmament questions.
5. There was disagreement on several issues, mostly on nuclear matters. The General Assembly's declaration of the Second Disarmament Decade should help in sustaining the impetus given by the Special Session .to disarmament matters. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS Uj
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM M EMOJR AN D UM/Nf E^ IE UR " * if
TO: The Secretary-General DATE? 14 December 1979 A: Mr. P. K. Banerjee REFERENCE
THROUGH: Officer-in-charge S/C DE: Department of Political and Security o Council Affairs d FROM: DE: Jan Martenson Assistant Secretary-General \ Centre for Disarmament SUBJECT: OB JET: Background paper
As discussed yesterday, I am sending you a background paper with an assessment of disarmament deliberations during the thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly. Background Paper
1. The thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly adopted 38 resolutions and one decision dealing with disarmament matters. Nineteen of those were adopted by consensus. This development must be welcomed, since it implies a negotiating process which should be encouraged in matters dealing with disarmament. 2. Many of those resolutions deal with questions which are regularly discussed by the General Assembly, while others cover new ground or call for further action in relation with subjects already discussed by the Assembly. A positive aspect in the evaluation of the results of the session is found in the emphasis placed on the implementation of the recommendations adopted by the First Special Session of the General Assembly devoted to Disarmament. Thirteen resolutions were adopted on matters relating to the Final Document of the Special Session. 3. The General Assembly adopted by consensus a resolution dealing with the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. An important feature of that resolution is that, for the first time since the Assembly began to address itself to that subject, a specific item dealing with those talks will be included in the provisional agenda of the thirty-fifth session. 4. An important development during the session has been the decision of China to take its seat in the Committee on Disarmament at the beginning of its 198O session. This development may well open new opportunities for disarmament negotiations. For the first time since 1962, all nuclear-weapon States will be represented in the negotiating body of the international community, thus providing the Committee with the full spectrum of views held by the nuclear-weapon States. - 2 -
5. The Secretary-General has been requested to prepare five new studies on questions relating to disarmament. Six other studies are now being implemented, including one dealing with the important subject of the relationship between disarmament and development. It may then be noted that the Secretariat faces increasing responsibilities in the field of studies.^/ 6. It would have been desirable, however, that further progress could have been made on other disarmament questions before the Assembly. Votes were taken on a number of key issues, such as the question of a nuclear test ban, nuclear disarmament, security assurances for non- nuclear-weapon States and other subjects under negotiation at present, and the lack of agreement on those issues seem to indicate that further efforts will be needed before the views of militarily significant States might converge. 7. There is no doubt that the United Nations does not function in a vacuum and that political events outside it cannot be dissociated from a forum dealing with world problems. A number of questions have been present at various stages during the session, such as the balance of forces in Europe and its possible consequences in the continuing arms race, the ratification of the SALT II agreement by the parties in those talks, growing frustration with the lack of progress in disarmament negotiations and some international tensions, such as those emerging from the situation in the Middle East, the nuclear capability of South Africa and the most recent events in Iran.
.*/ For your information the new studies deal with the nuclear capability of South Africa; Israeli nuclear armament; confidence- building measures; institutional arrangements relating to the disarmament process and a nuclear test ban. Those continuing cover the following areas: the above-mentioned relationship betwen disarmament and development, nuclear weapons, military budgeting, establishment of an international satellite monitoring agency, regional disarmament and the relationship between disarmament and international security. - 3 - 8. Whatever the difficulties confronting the international community at present, the importance of the negotiating process needs to be stressed. The impetus given to disarmament questions by the Special Session must not be lost, especially now when we start the Second Disarmament Decade. I hope that the declaration by the General Assembly of that Decade will increase awareness in public opinion on the import- ance of disarmament as one of the vital questions confronting mankind. S/EF
Summary of memorandum from Mr. Martensc on the Group of Experts on the Relatl/rfehip between Disarmament and International Security
The second session of the Group of Experts was held at UN Headquarters from 3-14 December 1979, under the chairman- ship of General Romulo, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Philippines.
The Group agreed on an outline structure for their work (copy of draft attached). It consists of:
1. The Detrimental Consequences for International Security of th.e Arms Race (including the nature, causes and effects of the arms race). 2. General analysis of the interrelationship of disarmament and international security.
3. The process of disarmament and international security (including the principle of equality of states in the process, peaceful settlement of disputes and approaches to verification).
4. Detente
5. An exploration of the relationship between specific disarmament measures and international security (including both nuclear and conventional armaments).
6. International Co-operation
7. The role of the UN in the maintenance of peace and in the implementation of the system of international legal order and security as provided for in the Charter (including effective implementation of Security Council decisions). UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES Lu j ••* 1979 INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR
TO: The Secretary-General 18 December 1979 A: Mr. Mikhail D. Sytenko, REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: Under-Secretary-General for, and Security Council Affai FROM: Jan Martenson DE: Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament w> s^ SUBJECT: Group of Experts on the onship between OBJET: Disarmament and International Security
1. The second session of the Group of Experts studying the relationship between disarmament and international security was held at United Nations Headquarters from 3 to 14 December 1979, under the chairmanship of General Carlos P. Roraulo, Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Philippines, with all Experts present. 2. The Group of Experts tentatively agreed upon a detailed outline for the structure of the study on the relationship between disarmament and international security (copy attached) The Group asked the Secretariat to produce a consolidated text of the study along the structure tentatively agreed upon, based on the contributions submitted by individual Experts and on the various suggestions made orally during the session. The Secretariat draft will not be binding and its purpose is to assist and permit an orderly proceeding of discussion at the next session of the Group to be held in Geneva from 28 April to 9 May 198O. DRAFT THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER I THE DETRIMENTAL CONSEQUENCES FOR INTERNATIONAL SECURITY OF THE ARMS RACE IN ALL ITS ASPECTS
1. General 2. The Nature and Scale of the Anns Race
3. The Causes of and Factors Stimulating the Arms Race 4. The Effects of the Arms Race Specifically on International Security a. Military-Strategic
b. International, Political c. Psychological and Conceptual d. Economic and Social
*
CHAPTER II GENERAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP OF DISARMAMENT AMD INTERNATIONAL SECURITY 1. 2. The Concept of Disarmament a. Defining Disarmament b. Importance to disarmament of a Military Balance, Strategic Parity and its Implications for disarmament c. Favourable conditions for Disarmament d. The Concept of Verification of Disarmament Measures
3. The Concept of International Security a. Defining International Security b. UN Charter System of International Security c. Compliance with the TM Charter System of International Security d. Regional Arrangements and Security 1*. The Concept of the Interrelationship between Disarmament and International Security a. The Role of Disarmament in Strengthening International Security b. The Role of International Security in Realizing Disarmament
A-. CHAPTER III THE PROCESS OF DISARMAMENT AMD INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
1. General 2. Halting the Arms Race 5* Correlation between Specific Disarmament Measures and General and Complete Disarmament U. The Heed to Respect the Principle of Equality of all States in Strengthening International Security 5- The Principle of Equality and Equal Security in the Disarmament Process 6. Political and Le^L Instruments of Security Relating to the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes and the non-use of force in International Relations 7. Participation in the Disarmament Process 8. Approaches to Verification 9« Ways to Improve the Process of Achieving International Security and Disarmament 10. The Public and the Disarmament Process
CHAPTER 17 DamMTa, ZNT5HHATZOITAL SECUSITg AHP DISARMAMENT
1. She Concent of Detente and its Links to International Security and Disarmament a. ~ Defining Detente b. The Hecessary Steps to Consolidate and Expand Detente c. The Actions of the United Nations Concerning Detente d. Detente and Disarmament .* e. Detente and International Security f . Detente and Security in Europe and Other Parts of the World 2. The Universality of Detente 3. The Interrelationship betveen Political and Military Detente 1^. gon-Govemnental Organizations and Detente 5. Information and Detente - 3 -
V AS EXPLORATION 0? THS RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECIFIC —————— DISARMAMENT MSASURES AND IIITSRKATIQHAL SECURITY
1. General a. Evaluation of past efforts to achieve disarjaaoent b. The Importance of Disarmament Steps in Building up International Security
c. Enumeration and Benefits of Disarmament Measures
d. Consequences for International Security of Disarmament Measures 2. SrsedLfic Disarmament Measures in the Nuclear Field and Their Relation to International Securl-cy*' a. Limitation and Reduction of Strategic Armaments
b. Comprehensive Prohibition of the Testing of Nuclear Weapons
c. Prohibition of the Production and Stocicpilins of Nuclear Weapons and Fissile Material for Weapons Purposes and Elimination of Nuclear Weapons d. Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Horizontal and Vertical e. Prohibition of AH Other Types and Systeaas of Weapons of Mass Destruction f. Security Guarantees for Non-Nuclear-Weapon States g. Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zones and Zones of Peace 3« Specific Disarmament Measures. Covering Conventional Armaments and Their Relation-re International Security*1 a. Restraints on Deployment and the Reduction of Conventional and Armed Forces and the Elinsination of Foreign Military Bases ^ b. Limitation of the Production and Restraints on the Transfer of Conventional Arms
* Includes discussion of regional measures, where appropriate * 4. Confidence-Building Measures and the Relation to International Security 5- Reductions in Military Expenditures and their Relation to International Security '"" " ' * "" "" """ 6. Constraints on fHlitary Research and Development and the Relation to International Security 7- Mon-Intervention Treaty and Related Proposals* 8. Reciprocally Induced Disarmament Initiatives
CHAFTEB VI iHTESHAggNAL CO-OTERATIQIT AS A MEANS OP STRENGTHENING IHTJSBSATIONAL SEQUEL TT AND PROMOTING' DISARMAMENT
1. General 2. Co-operation among States vith different economic and social systems J. Co-operation to Implement the Decisions on the Hey International Economic Order k. Co-operation among States to resolve disputes 5» Practical fields of International Co-operation 6. Different Types of Economic Integration of groups of States and their relation to International Security and Disarmament 7. Use of United Nations, UNESCO and other International Organizations to promote research and understanding of problems of maintenance of International Peace and Security and Disarmament.
CHAPTER VII DISARMAMENT, IHTSENATIC2NAL SECUEITr AND THS ROLE OF THE UNITED NATIONS IM THE MA1HTSNAMC5 OF PEACE AMI) IM THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM OF BfTSENATICMAL LEGAL OHDEB AND SECURITY AS PROVIDED FOR IN THE CHARTES OF THS UMITES NATIONS
1. General 2. Analysis of Effectiveness of the UN System for Maintenance of International Peace and Security
* Includes discussion of regional measures, where appropriate. - 5 -
3- The Concept of Disarmament in the US Charter k. Proposals for Implementing the UN Charter System of International Peace and Security a. Effective Implementation of Security Council Decisions b. Approaches to Implementation of Article kj c. UN Presence in Conflict Situations d. UN Capacity and Performance in Peaceful Settlement of Disputes e. Regional Approaches to Maintenance of International Peace and Security in Accordance with the UN Charter f. In relation to No. k, situations of threats to the peace should be considered, such as those arising from breaches of the Convention Against Genocide and the Covenants on Human Rights. 5. Interrelationship between Disarmament and Implementation of the UN System for the Maintenance of International Peace and Security*"
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
* It is understood that the statements in the annexed paper by Ambassador Zenon Rossides will be discussed within the titles of Chapter VII of the draft at the appropriate places. ANNEX
POINTS CONTRIBUTED BY AMBASSADOR ZENON ROSSIDES
DISARMAMENT, INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND THE ROLE 0? TEE UNITED NATIONS IN THE IcAINTENANCE 0? PSAC2 AND IN THE IICPLEMSNTATION 0? THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL LE&AL ORDER AND SECURITY AS PROVIDED FOR IN THE CEARTER 0? THE UNITED NATIONS.
1. Collective security through the United Nations as a main purpose and principle of the Charter in the maintenance of international security and peace, 2. Effective implementation of the Security Council decisions &s central to the whole structure of the United Nations in its responsibility for international peace and security under the Charter. 3. Causes preventing the Security Council in applying essential means under the Charter for the effective implementa- tion of its decisions, including enforcement action. *K The need for the availability of a United Nations force on callj provided for in the Charter, as basic to the mainte- nance of international peace and security. 5. What prevents the negotiation and conclusion of the agreements in the composition of such force, as mandatorily required by the Charter art . 6. The need of activating the functions of a military staff Committee, as demanded by art.*}-? of the Charter. 7. How can the obstacles to the effective implementation of the Security Council decisions, and the establishment of a United Nations force for the maintenance of international security and peace , be overcome . UNITED NATIONS yjjjglj NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM A ~*"^ MEMORANDUM INTERIEU TO: The Secretary-Gener&rl "DATE: 4 December 1979 A: / >i\. — * Mr. P. K. Banerjee V/l THROUGH: Officer-in-charge S/C DE: _Departmen t of_ Politica_'rf_ . . . l> and* Security Council Affairs FROM: \ DE: Jan Martenson \ Assistant Secretary-General SUBJECT: Centre for Disarmament / y~' OBJET: ^--__J Consideration of draft resolutions by the First Committee 1. The First Committee completed its consideration of disarmament items by the adoption of 38 draft resolutions and one decision of which 17 were adopted bv consensus. Many of those draft resolutions deal with subjects which are regularly discussed by the Assembly, while others cover new ground or reflect the need for further action in relation with questions already discussed. The item on the review of the implementation of the recommendations adopted by the General Assembly at its Tenth Special Session was given special attention, 13 draft resolutions being adopted on that matter alone. 2. Among those recommendations introducing new elements, the Secretary-General is requested to prepare studies on the nuclear capability of South Africa, Israeli nuclear armament, confidence- building measures, institutional arrangements relating to the disarmament process and a nuclear rest: pan. For tor the tiitrL time the Secretary-General is also requested to provide the necessary assistance to the committee mi Disarmament:Other draft resolutions deal with the declaration of the 1980*8 as a disarmament decade, negotia- tions on nuclear disarmament ana pronioition ot radiological warfare. 3. Among the 17 draft resolutions adopted by consensus, only a minority are relevant for concrete disarmament negotiations: prohibition of radiological warfare and a chemical weapons ban. A draft resolution dealing with SALT II was also adopted by consensus and for the first time since the question of SALT has been considered by the General Assembly, the Committee decided to recommend that an item entitled "Strategic Arms Limitations Talks" should be included in the provisional agenda of the thirty-fifth session. The remaining draft resolutions adopted without a vote deal mainly with the Committee on Disarmament and the negotiations being conducted in it, the Disarmament Commission, organizational questions concerning various disarmament bodies and studies requested from the Secretary-General. """ 4. Although negotiations were carried out on the text of a number of draft resolutions, there is a general feeling that more progress could have been made in reducing differences on some of those which were — 2 — voted upon, Many members of the Committee felt that the number of draft resolutions submitted made it very difficult to devote more time for the completion of negotiations, in spite of the fact that, by virtue of paragraph 117 of the Final Document, the First Committee is now dealing with only disarmament and related international security questions. 5. Lack of time for further negotiations should not be considered, however, as the main factor preventing progress on a number of sensitive subjects which divided the membership. There is also general recognition that some developments in the international situation have had a significant influence in disarmament deliberations. The issues raised in connexion with intermediate range nuclear weapon delivery systems in Europe, to which I referred in my memorandum of 16 November 1979, were an ever-present element in the positions of many European countries in the First Committee. At the same time, the need for the SALT II agreement to enter into force as an essential component of any substantial disarmament process has repeatedly been stressed, in view of its obvious impact on other disarmament questions. Regional tensions, such as those emerging from the situation in the Middle East and the reported nuclear explosion in the vicinity of South Africa, were also reflected in the discussions. All these factors combined to produce a session during which positions became sometimes less flexible and caution in making concessions was a distinctive feature in the negotiations on key issues.'* UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR
TO: The Secretary-Gene ral) 14 November 1979 A: Mr. Mikhail D. Syten THROUGH: S/C DE: Under-Secretary-General for Political and Security Counci FROM: Jan Martenson DE: Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament SUBJECT: OBJET: Advisory Board on Disarmament^Studies;
1. I understand from the Chinese member of my staff, Mr. K.c. Lin, that China has decided to join the_Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies. ' *——•» 2. You will recall that the Permanent Mission of China was informally approached, along with 27 other Missions, with the inquiry whether it would be willing to nominate an eminent person to serve on the Board. Since then, the matter has been left in abeyance. 3. The Permanent Mission of China will probably advise you in the near future of China's readiness to participate, and of the person nominated for membership on the Board. r: UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDA MEMORANDUM INTERIEUF The Secretary-G TO: 13 November 1979 A: Mikhail D. Syten Under-Secretary-General THROUGH: S/C DE: and Security Counc
FROM: Jan Martenson \ ' DE: Assistant Secretary-General V-rc c. \ Centre for Disarmament X\^
SUBJECT: 1. The protection of nuclear material by national governments against seizure and sabotage is an important non-proliferation measure. Several nuclear suppliers, meeting in the "London Supplier's Group", have for several years required such measures as conditions for supply. The subject was mentioned in the Final Declaration of the first NPT Review Conference. 2. A group of 58 countries, meeting under the auspices of the IAEA, have now concluded negotiations on a Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material. This Convention establishes standard measures of protection applying to nuclear material in international transport. It also requires parties to punish defined offences involving nuclear material and provides for cooperation in preventive measures and the exchange of information on criminal acts involving such material. 3. The Convention will be opened for signature on 3 March 198O in Mew York and Vienna. It is considered as an important step in international cooperation in peaceful nuclear uses, and is significant in connexion with the forthcoming second NPT Review Conference. ~v - ff -^4&fyf.* t&n r~_ Sir, Attached is from Amb. Leprette of ffEANCE for your information and consideration. The Ambassador would be very glad to discuss it briefly with the SG, if he could receive him behind the podium whenever possible (he is flexible). -j* 12-XI 1m «&i- il '•*' 41 (CX (2) PRANCE ' I 9 novembre 1979 INSTITUT DE RECHERCHE POUR IE DESAEKEMEHT PROJET DE RESOLUTION L'Assemblee Generale, Se referant a la resolution 33/71 K par laquelle elle a prie le Secretaire General de lui faire rapport a la XXXIYeme Session sur les nodalites possibles de creation, de fonctionnement et de financement, sous 1'egide de I1Organisation des Nations Unies, d'un Institut International de Recherche sur le Disarmament. i f 1« Prend note des elements contenus a cet egard dans le rapport du Secretaire General sur le programme de recherches et d'etudes sur le desarmeraent, t 2« Accueille favorablement les reconmandations concemant lf Institut International de Recherche sur le Desarmement presentees par le Conseil Consultatif pour les Etudes sur le desanneinent et exposees dans le rapport du Secretaire General, - 2 Kote qu'aux termes de ces reconmandations, il est suggere que 1'Institut soit etabli dans le cadre de 1'IMITAR, sur la base d'un arrangement interimaire, valable jusqu'a la seconde session extraordinaire de 1'Assemblee Generale consacree au Desarmement , ^ le Secretaire General d'entrer en consultations avec I'UITITAR en ce qui concerne 1'etablis- sement de 1'Institut, le voeu que les mesures appropriees soient prises aussitot que possible en vue de la mise en oeuvre des recommandations exposees dans le rapport du Secretaire General, Prie le Secretaire General de faire rapport a 1'Assemblee Generale a 1'occasion de sa XXXVeme Session./. Distr. NATIONS UNIES GENERALE A/3U/589 ASSEMBLES ler novembre 1979 FRANCAIS - GENERALE ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS Trente-quatrieme session Point k2 j) de 1'ordre du jour EXAMEN DE L'APPLICATION DES RECOMMANDATIOWS ET DECISIONS ADOPTEES PAR L'ASSEMBLEE GENERALE A SA DIXIEME SESSION EXTRAORDINAIRE Programme de recherches et d1etudes sur le desarmement Rapport du Secretaire general 1. A sa trente-troisieme session, I'Assemblee generale a adopte la resolution 33/71 K du lU decembre 1978) intitulee "Programme de recherches et d1etudes sur le desarmement". Au paragraphs 1 de cette resolution, le Secretaire general etait prie de faire un rapport a 1'Assemblee, lors de sa trente-quatrieme session, sur les modalites possibles de creation, de fonctionnement et de financement, sous 1'egide des Nations Unies, d'un institut international de recherches sur le desarmement. • Au paragraphe 2 de la resolution, le Secretaire general etait en outre prie de prendre notamment 1'avis, a cet effet, du Conseil consultatif pour les etudes sur le desarnement, etabli en application du paragraphe 12U du Document final de la dixieme session extraordinaire de I'Assemblee generale (resolution S-10/2), compte tenu des competences qui seront celles de cet organisme en matiere de programme d1etudes sur le desarmement. 2. En consequence, a ses deux sessions de 19799 le Conseil consultatif pour les etudes sur le desarmement I/ a examine cette question. Le Conseil a d'abord precede a un echange de vues approfondi sur les aspets generaux de la creation et du fonctionnement d'un institut international de recherches sur le desarmement et sur les diverses conditions que cet institut devait remplir. Au cours de ses debats, le Conseil a examine une proposition specifique tendant a creer un institut international de recherches sur le desarmement dans le cadre de 1'Institut des Nations Unies pour la formation et la recherche (UWITAR), qui constituerait une nouvelle section de 1'UNITAR, serait dote de son propre conseil scientifique, serait installe dans les locaux de 1'UNITAR a Geneve et finance au titre d'une rubrique speciale du budget de 1'UNITAR, Conscient des limites de son mandat qui I/ Pour la composition du Conseil consultatif pour les etudes sur le desarraement, voir I1 annexe au document A/3V588. 79-28279 NATIONS UN IES Distr. RESTREINTE ; ST/SG/C.1/R.10 SECRETARIAT 16 octobre 1979 FRANCAIS . ORIGINAL : ANGLAIS COHSEIL COHSULTATIF POUR LES ETUDES SUR LE DESARMEMENT • : . . • ; =. Deuxieme et troisieme sessions, 1979 Rapport au Secretaire general sur les "travaux de la deuxieme 1 ''•••• •-: •""-•' - --• . ;.• et troisieme sessions I/. . . '' •' •••'-' '•''• .•••.!•••.••: -.- • ., '; i -., ...... , . ..,..'. 1. lie Conseil consultatif pour les etudes sur lie 'desarmement a tenu ses deuxieme et : troisieme sessions au Siege de 1'Organisation des Nations Unies, a. New York, du 30 avril au 9 usai et du.2 au 15 pctobre 1979, respectivemeat. Le nombre des participants etait de 2k a la deuxieme session et de 25 a la troisieme 2/. 2* Les deux sessions ont ete presidees par S. Exc. M. Agha Shahi, conseiller:pour les Affaires etrangeres du President du Pakistan. 3. A ses deuxieme et troisieme sessions, le Conseil.consultatif a examine principalement les questions suivantes : - . •' "• ' •••:'-: ' ' '; ' ' '• '••"'•• '••.-• ..<:•. ;:.,.. . . . v < -.-..•, .;... - Programme detailie d*etudes.sur; le desarmement; ' ]• •"'•*; v;-- ••'•-> - Modalites possibles de creation,^de Tonctionnement et de financement d'un ,:. institut international de recherches sur le desarmement; " ' ' .'.'.•>.•.•" - Moyens permettant de realiser i'objectif enohce au paragrapne Tde la ^ resolution 33/71 N de I'Assemblee generale, a savoir la formulation d'une nouvelle philosophic du desarmement. , : ' ' .•.! ? k, Au cours de ses deliberations, le Conseil a examine a nouveau la maniere de re'mplir au mieux son role consultatif pour les etudes sur le desarmement. II a confirme les conclusions auxquelles il avait abouti a sa premiere session (ST/SG/C.1/R.5, par. 9) • et a note que, conformement au paragraphe 12U du Document final de la dixieme session extraordinaire, il etait appele a cohseilier le Secretaire general sur divers aspects des etudes a entreprendre sous les auspices de 1'Organisation des Nations Unies dans le domaine du desarmement et de la limitation des armements. Le Conseil a estime q.u'il pourrait ainsi definir 1'orientation ^ donner S certaines etudes particulieres et donner des avis utiles sur la maniere dont ces: etudes devraient etre menees S bien. Ce faisant, il pourrait introduire un certain ordre et une certaine cohesion dans les etudes - entreprises sous les auspices de 1'Organisation des Nations Unies. ._ . I/ Pour le rapport sur les travaux de la premiere session, voir ST/SG/C.1/R.5 2/ Pour la liste des membres du Conseil au 15 octobre 1979, se reporter a 1'annexe. 79-26286 CONFIDENTIAL UNITED NATIONS NATIONS INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR - 6 1979 TO: The Secretary-Genez al I t/ATE. 6 Noveniber 1979 A: Mr. Mikhail D. Sytenko REFERENCE: THROUGH: Under-Secretary-General fo S/C DE: Political and Secur^i irs FROM: DE: Jan Martenson Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament SUBJECT: OB JET: General debate on disarmament in the First Committee 1. The general debate in the First Committee on disarmament items ended yesterday ana the Committee starts now its consideration ot The various draft resolutions already submitted on those items. 2. A general assessment of the debate reflects widespread concern as to the continuing arms race and an increasing awareness of the need for progress in the implementation of the Final Document of the tenth special session of the General Assembly. At the same time, the complexity of disarmament problems and the impossibility of achieving global and far-reaching solutions in a short time were generally recognized. The importance of disarmament measures for development purposes, particularly in the developing countries, was repeatedly stressed by many speakers, mainly from the non-aligned group. 3 . Ho new substantive proposals dealing with disarmament negotiations was advanced for consideration by the General Assembly. Three recent events were widely comi>^»*^^ upon by many delegations: (al President Brezhnev's announcement on unilateral forct* Europe and his proposal concerning the so-called theatre nuclear "weapons; (b) the decision of China to join the Committee on Disarma- ment during 198O. and (c) the reported explosion of a nuclear device in an aVea close to the Indian Ocean. 4. As regards disarmament machinery, there was general satisfaction with the implementation of the arrangements agreed upon at the special session. The results achieved by the U.N. Disarmament Commission on the elements for a comprehensive programme of disarmament were welcomed by many speakers* While the work of the Committee on Disarmament on organizational questions was widely acknowledged, disappointment was expressed concerning the limited progress made on substantive items. Many speakers also advanced views on the role of the Unitftflrcafe--i«w. ej. n the field of disarmament and several suggestions were advanced in connexion with the activities of the Secretariat, including the possible establishment of a world disarmament organization. Many non-aligned countries referred to the importance of the second - 2 - special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament and members of the Eastern European Group urged the convening of a world disarmament conference after the special session. 5. In connexion with specific subjects, it may be noted that basic positions remain unchanged. Many non-aligned and the Eastern European Group stressed the priority and urgency of negotiations on nuclear disarmament, while the Western Group, China and some non-aligned noted that conventional and nuclear measures should be given equal treatment. The SALT II agreement was widely welcomed and its ratification urged by most speakers, who also expressed the hope that further negotiations will lead to substantial qualitative and quantitative reductions. The need for early agreement on both a comprehensive test ban and the prohibition of chemical weapons was generally stressed, with many non-aligned emphasizing the role of the Committee on Disarmament in the negotiations. The need for strengthening the non-proliferation regime was also discussed by many speakers belonging to all Groups, who referred to the signi- ficance of the Second Review Conference of the N.P.T (198O). The USA-USSR proposal on a radiological weapons ban was welcomed by many members, but views were expressed to the effect that it should not take priority over more urgent measures. The question of the so-called "negative" security assurances for non-nuclear-weapon States was raised by many speakers, with many of them supporting the concept of an international binding instrument as the most effective way to extend them. A substantial number of non-aligned countries referred to the proposed Indian Ocean Conference for 1981 and urged the participation of the major military powers and maritime users in that conference. Many members of the Eastern European and Western Groups stressed the value of confidence- building measures. As regards the item concerning Israeli nuclear armament, I am reporting to you by a separate memorandum. •9 . 1 RECEIVED' NOV -91979 He&inki, October 31, 7979 Peat Mt. 1 wi&h to extend to you, Mfc. Se.UietaJiij-Ge.nesiaJL, the. moAt wndiaJL thank* o^ the. Socialist International. Study Group on ViAa>uname.nt for the. int&reAt you. showed hi our activity and fan. the. tt6e.($u£ information you. ; and your c.o£izagu,eA gave, on the. probtesiA a&&ociate.d with. •* ;....:- * . 'r- -^ s The. Gfioup jjett iwanimotulij tlicut the. v-i&^Lt to tko. United Nation* c.on&u,bute.d yizatiy to its, wonk and. &he.d neia &Lght on the. io£e. o& the. Would Organization in dL&arunciment We &haJUL kzzp you. JLn^onmed oj5 the. Gnaup'* ^tMtheA. action* and, . ..•.:'•*'- •" '.}'--t^.--& eApe.CAaJULy , o& the. fiinat position* o$ the. So&iaLi&t InteAnationat, "j ' J-;.f " to be. adopted at the. next. COOCJX&&A, in October. 79 SO. ;"'---' .';•••..{ f Chctiflman o& the. SotOatl&t InteAnationai Study Gnaup on VLt>arv/nome.nt >^ Hi& EKC.eJULe.nc.tj Se.cA.etdJLy-Ge.ne/tai Vti. Kalt WatdheAM United Nations He£f>inki, October 31, 7979 At*. (' o exienrf ^o wu, M/i. Scc/teiaA(/-GeneAa£, ^/ie moii conduit thank* o$ tliz. Soc-iaLii,t IntaA.natt.onai Study Giowp on VJAasuname.n£ fati the. . • *r •Ln£eJie.!>t you. t>ho(ae.d -in QUA. a.c.tw^tij and fai the. uAz^uJL -Lnfiofunation you. and you/I co££eaguei c\a.vt on ttie, p*.obl.em& &t>i>o The. Gn.owp IfiJLt. unanunotuitj that tlie. v-iA-Lt to the. United Nation* contributed. n,fLe,a.tJLtj to itt> vcoik and &he.d nutm0me.nt Isle. AhalLt keep you infanmid o& the. Gtoup'4 ^afitheA. action* and, upe.ciatO.ij, o& the. 6inaJL position* o^ tin SodatiAt. to be. adopted at the. rcex£ COYIQIU&, in October. 19&0. tjoufi&, Chairman 0 Hi* Ex.cette.ncy Se.cn.etciMj-Ge.ne.iat s .--- - V>i. KuJit WatdheJjn i-'~. United Nation* AKU/MS bf: AR/JPB/MKP/GMM/AF Files Disarmament X Mr. Jan Martenson 26 October 1.97197!9 Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament Mr. Mikhail D. Sytenko, Under-Secretary-General for Political and Security Council Affairs Rafeeuddin Ahmed Chef de Cabinet Appointment: of the Secretary-General of the Second Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Proliferation of Muclear Weapons (HPT) With regard to your.memorandum of 22 October 1979, I have noted your recommendation and would ask you kindly to proceed as proposed. Department of Public Information Press Section PreSS Release United Nations, New York CAUTION; ADVANCE RELEASE WcSi-%7¥ SG/SM/2813 For use in connexion with the ^JS^-*^*? DC/1195 observance of Disarmament Week "^=::^f°e^::=f' 24 October 1979 24 October 1979 „. _ SECRETARY-GENERAL'S MESSAGE ON OCCASION OF DISARMAMENT WEEK Following is the text of a message by Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim, read by Jan Martenson, Assistant Secretary-General, United Nations Centre for Disarmament, at a meeting of the First Committee (Political and Security held today in observance of Disarmament Week: The United Nations Disarmament Week.appropriately starts from the day we commemorate the founding of our Organization. The observance of this Week is meant to remind ourselves and the world at large that the central aim of the United Nations is the building of a structure of durable peace-and this aim is yet to be fully attained. Durable peace does not mean merely the absence of general war. It means also the freedom fron the continual and pervasive insecurity which is engendered by an ever-accelerating arms race. 1 • •• *• '' '. ' •, • -, ' - • • • - - • ' .When the General Assembly, at its tenth special session, decided that a week each year should be devoted to'fostering the objectives of disarmament, it acted in full awareness of the unique'threat which is confronting humanity | today. The threat is that of self-extinction due to the competitive accumulation of the most destructive weapons ever produced. . 1 Disarmament reflects the basic urge.of peoples throughout the world to | assure the continuance of organized life on our planet and to live a life free of want and fear. This urge has been thwarted, not by the legitimate concern for security, whether of a nation or a group of nations, but by the belief that security is best assured through superior military power. In the contemporary age, this belief no longer corresponds to realities. Superior military strength does not necessarily bring greater security. The arms race, whether in the nuclear or in the conventional field, follows its own deadly dynamics. The point at which complete deterrence can be claimed to have been giined by one party over another through the acquisition of weaponry never remains (more) For information media - not an official record - 2 - Press Release SG/SM/2813 DC/1195 — 24 October 1979 stationary. In the process, a steadily increasing proportion of the world's resources is being consumed in the pursuit of an elusive and ever receding goal. Currently, more than $1 billion is being spent daily in the ongoing arms race. This figure by itself illustrates the distortion of priorities in a world in which two thirds of the population live in hunger and poverty. This is the consideration behind the General Assembly's call on all States to abandon once and for all the use of force in international relations and to seek security in disarmament. The Final Document of the tenth special session indicated how the process of disarmament could be initiated and systematically maintained. Principles and priorities were agreed upon to provide a realistic and comprehensive framework within which disarmament issues could be dealt with effectively by a revitalized and representative machinery in the deliberating and negotiating process. The Disarmament Week, then, is the time for reflection and stock-taking. The fact must be acknowledged that not enough efforts are being made to achieve real measures of disarmament. To allow the loss of the impetus which was created by the special session last year would cause widespread disappointment. • ' • As we enter a new decade — the decade of the 1980s — there is a real need to prove that the General Assembly is seriously addressing itself to the most pressing problems on the global agenda. To prevent the danger of nuclear war, to halt the arms race, to begin the actual process of disarmament, to arrange the gradual transfer to development of resources now being used for military purposes and thus to help establish a new international economic order -these are goals towards which concrete steps need to be taken if the expectations of.the world's peoples are to be fulfilled. •-. • -, , •:••• . , ..- .. , .. .-.. . 'The implied issues may be complex but what they together involve is nothing less than the shape and, indeed, the survival of human society on earth. - - •••• . ...,;.. • • ...... - . . * *** * ? d p.o At I fro f' , r«^AC 0 UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR 23 October 1979 TO: The Secretary-General DATE: A: 'ERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: Mikhail D. Sytenko FROM: DE: Under-Secretary-General Political and Security 66ttfficil Affai. SUBJECT: OB JET: Message to European Forum for Disarmament and Security The International Committee for European Security and Cooperation is sponsoring a meeting of the European Forum for Disarmament and Security from 26 to 28 October in Brussels. In response to the Organization's invitation for UN representation, Mme. L. Waldheim-Natural will participate. This information has been conveyed to Canon Raymond Goor, President of the International Committee. The Committee has requested a message from you to be read to the Forum participants. Given the importance of the subject "Disarmament and Security", it is believed that such a message would be justified. A draft text is attached for your approval. It could be read at the meeting by Mme. L. Waldheim-Natural with a copy sent directly by cable to Canon Goor. Draft Message to the European Forum for Disarmament and Security The relationship between disarmament and security is of utmost importance in our present world. The massive accumulation of weapons - especially nuclear weapons - entails continuing tensions, distrust and the danger of deadly accidents. It results, in addition, in a severe drain on human and material resources which are desperately needed in bringing about development and the eradication of need. Should today's weapons of mass destruction ever be used the world, as we know it, would be unlikely to survive. This directly affects the most elemental aspect of our common human security. To reduce arms in the interest of global security without thereby adversely affecting - even theoretically - the security of any one country is, I believe, the most difficult and pressing problem which faces the world today. It must be solvedJ Having this in mind, the participants at the Special Session of the General Assembly on Disarmament agreed that "at this stage the objective should be undiminished security at the lowest possible level of armaments and military forces". Gatherings such as this Forum, dedicated to the study of disarmament and security, can help to bring this about. For, in the final analysis, public attitudes and public participation can be the critical element in achieving the disarmament which all governments accept, in principle, as desirable. We must reduce arms if our security is to be preserved. We can do so if we build on what has been achieved and pursue the goal with a full public understanding of the price of failure. I wish you a most fruitful session as you deal with this fateful problem. $2. - UNITED NATIONS fgP NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM ^^" MEMORANDUM INTERIEl T0. Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed / ^ ^/XDATE: 22 October 1979 A: Chef de Cabinet Mr. Mikhail D. Sytenko, «g^*«+— •"- >*• REFERENCE: THROUGH: General for Political Security Council Affairs FROM: Jan Martenson \ \\f\£- \ Assistant Secretary-General /¥^H\ \<\J\W\ SftVv Centre for Disarmament / I ' Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Second Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) 1. Your memorandum of 9 October 1979 on the subject above has received my best consideration and I wish to express the following views: 2. Mr. Benjamin Sanders is a principal officer in the Information and Research Section of the Centre for Disarmament. His experience and knowledge qualify him for assignment on difficult missions, high responsibilities and demanding jobs. He could, no doubt, perform the functions of Secretary- General of the Conference. I am sure he will be given opportunities to use his qualities and experience in the fulfilment of the increasingly complex tasks entrusted to the Centre for Disarmament. 3. I believe that Mr. Alessandro Corradini is the most suitable candidate^ to act as Secretary-General of the Second NPT Review Conference and I recommend his nomination for the post. k. Mr. Corradini is Director and Deputy to the Assistant Secretary-General, Centre for Disarmament. He has a deep knowledge of the questions related to the non-proliferation"of nuclear weapons and the provisions and implementations of the NPT, as he was actually involved in the long process of deliberations and negotiations that ultimately led to the conclusion of the treaty and its implementation. 5- In 1975» Mr. Corradini acted as Deputy Secretary-General of the First NPT Review Conference after having been the Secretary of the Preparatory Committee. 6. Last, but not least, Mr. Corradini has devoted his entire career in the Secretariat of the United Nations, spanning a period of 23 years and his nomination will mean a recognition of his outstanding service in the Organization. 7- In connexion with the subject of this memorandum, I would also like to recall that the Preparatory Committee for the Conference, at its second session held in Geneva last August, invited the Secretary-General of the United Nations to nominate the provisional Secretary-General of the Conference - to be confirmed by the Conference itself - "ip consultation with the members of the Preparatory Committee". - 2 - 8. Since the representatives of practically all the Parties to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons will be present at Headquarters during the consideration of the disarmament items by the First Committee at the current session of the General Assembly, it is suggested that I be authorized by the Secretary-General, to conduct exploratory consultations on this matter during the session, with a view to reporting to him thereon. # * * # # Note for the Secretary-General Re: Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Second Review Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on the Non- Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) You will recall that the Foreign Minister of Italy, during his recent visit with you, expressed the wish of his Government to have Mr. Alessandro Corradini appointed as Secretary-General of the Second NPT Review Conference, to be held in August/ September 1980. The Permanent Representative of the Netherlands made an intervention on behalf of Mr. Benjamin Sanders. Both are officials of the Centre for Disarmament. Upon consultation, the Centre recommended Mr. Corradini's appointment to the post, underlining his deep knowledge and experience. The Centre pointed out that his nomination would mean recognition of his service of 23 years, as he will retire in January. As the nomination is to be made in consultation with the members of the Preparatory Committee, the Centre requests your authorization to take the necessary steps and will report to you on the results. A. Knippenberg-Uther/msL*A~*-' 24 October 1979 UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDU MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR TO: The Secretary-Gen DATE: 12 October 1Q7Q A: Mr. Mikhail D. REFERENCE: THROUGH: General for Political S/C DE: Council Affairs FROM: Jan Martenson, Assistant Secretary- DE: General Centre for Disarmament SUBJECT: Deliberations on disarmament at OB JET: thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly 1. The general debate in plenary is coming to an end today and on 16 October the First Committee will start consideration of the eignteen disarmament items on its agenda.which is one of the largest ever. 2. In plenary, the great majority of speakers .paid considerable attention to disarmament and it can be said that there was a general expression of regret and concern for the lack of progress in disarmament negotiations since the end of the tenth special session of the General Assembly. There were many warnings as to the possible consequences of the ever-increasing arms race. The need for a reduction of military budgets was repeatedly stressed. 3. SALT II was welcomed by most speakers, who invariably called for its ratification, but the endorsement from Member States seemed to be prompted mainly by the hope that SALT II may pave the way to a broader and more effective approach to disarmament in a not too distant future. 4. The importance of non-proliferation was widely acknowledged. However, the emphasis of the industrially-developed countries was usually on "horizontal" proliferation, while the less developed countries stressed "vertical" proliferation and nuclear disarmament. 5. The right of each State to security was emphasized by several speakers. France introduced the concept of a "geography of security" and suggested that the regional level would be the easiest level at which to make concrete progress in that area. 6. The United Nations' role in the field of disarmament was stressed by many Members. The need of informing the public on the arms race, arms limitation and disarmament was also stressed. - 2 - 7. Since the address of Pope John Paul 11^is part of the records of the thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly, it seems appropriate also to note that the Pope's moral pronouncements relating to peace and disarmament on the occasion of his visit to the United Nations had a wide_echo. 8. Many of the disarmament issues raised in the general debate in plenary are expected to receive further in-depth consideration in the First Committee, during the sixty meetings that have been allocated to disarmament. The issues usually are not new and there should not be too many unforseen events. It is possible, however, that the procedural handling of the new Iraqi item on "Israeli nuclear armament" (item 121) may present some difficulties at some s^tage. It is also possible that some difficulties "~~ may be encountered in conn^yi nn with the "implementation of the Declaration of the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace" as there seems'to be an increasing polarization of views on that subject. 9. I will keep you informed of developments as the debate goes on. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIE TO: The Secretary-Ge 10 October 1979 A: Mr. Mikhail D. S REFERENCE: THROUGH: Under-Secretary -general and Security Council Affairs FROM: Jan Martenson DE: Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament •%kV SUBJECToBjET: : French Proposal for Internationa^^X l Institute on Disarmament Research In accordance with the request of the General Assembly, in resolution A/RES/33/71 K, the Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies has been discussing how to advise you on possible ways of establishing. operating ana tinancing an international institute for disarmament " researCft. A rvrnpnca-L *-n oof ami ch onr-fr an ing-M+nt-o ™ac marlc. Tny~ France at the Tenth Special Session. '- • At its Spring Session this year the Advisory Board had a general discussion on this matter. At the present Session the French member, Senator Taittinger, made a specific proposal to establish an institute within the framework of UNITAR, as a new section with its/'pwn scientific council and located at UNITARfs premises inGgneXra. "" " This has led to a very intensive discussion which has not so far yielded a consensus. ^ i A number of members feel that there is room within the United Nations for a body of some degree of autonomy, to make studies in the field of disarmament and feel that UNITAR might be the right framework for such a body. Others share the wish for scientifically independent United Nations studies on disarmament but consider that new machinery to be created for that purpose might be discussed at the next Special Session on Disarmament. A third group feels that disarmament research is a task for the Centre for Disarmament. Even among the two former groups there are several members who do not seem enthusiastic about the creation of a new body. However, the Board is merely asked how such a body might be set up, not whether it should be. The discussion has concentrated on ways to accommodate an institute in UNITAR. In this connexion there have been questions of - 2 - co-ordination with the Advisory Board, the Centre for Disarmament, the Committee on Disarmament, and the Disarmament Commission. In particular, it is felt that if the French idea is realized, the Advisory Board would have to function as the advisory council of the institute. This has raised questions about the appropriate relationships and would also signify an expanded institutionalized role for the Board. To get out of the impasse there are some proposals for a pilot project for disarmament research. This idea might be further discussed when the matter is taken up again later this week, should it become clear that no consensus can be reached on another basis. ***** Note for the Secretary-Genera Ambassador Scheltema of JtW Netherlands called yesterday with the reqbelt to convey to you that his Government supported the candidature of Mr. Benjamin Sanders, a Dutch national working in the Centre for Disarma- ment, for appointment as Secretary-General of the Review Conference of the Won-Prolifer- ation Treaty. As you will recall, the Italian Foreign Minister had earlier pressed his Government's support for Mr. Corradini's candidature for this post. I have informed Mr. Martenson of these two demarches and asked him to let us know the situation. Rafeeuddin Ahmed 1O October 1979 r , c r AKU/EF bf: &R/MKP/GMM/AF «£B^Jra^> File: Centre for Disarmament Mr. Jan Marteiison 9 October 1979 Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament Mr. Mikhail D. Sytenko Under-Secretary-General Department of Political and Security Council Affairs Rafeeuddin Ahiaed Chef de Cabinet Appointment of the Secretary-General of the Second Reviev? Conference of the Parties to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of liuclear Weapons 1. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of Italy, when he \'- recently met with the Secretary-General, conveyed ; to him the wish of his Government that Mr. Alessandro • • Corradini be appointed Secretary-General of the Review ''. ' -Conference. . '•; ': . --: • ' -.-• • '. . ' ...'•..'./. ' p 2. Today, the Permanent Representative of the Netherlands to the United Nations called to express the support of his Government for the appointment of Mr. Benjamin Sanders i ' i.< as Secretary-General of the above Conference. . is • . . '.•••--.•• ll it; 3, I am herewith bringing this natter to your attention and would be grateful to receive your views on it. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTER1EUR TO: Mr. Albert Rohan 1 DATE: 26 September 197Q A: Director EOSG REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: FROM: Jan Martenson \ DE: Assistant-Secretary-General V^W Centre for Disarmament /\ SUBJECT: (_7 OBJET: Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies 1. I am responding to your memorandum dated 26 September 2. While I understand that the Soviet Government may eventually propose someone else to serve on the Advisory Board, I take it that Mr. V. Shustov should "be appointed in the usual way, without mention of a limited tenure. A standard letter of appointment will "be sent over Mr. Sytenko's signature. 3- I attach a draft of a letter of thanks the Secretary-General might wish to send to Ambassador Roschin. % UMf AR/jh - cc:(SG j cc: Mr. B. Sanders b/f: RA/GMM/AlST ' SeC' ' ^*°*? Bd' Mr. Jan Martenson 26 September 1979 Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament Albert Rohan Director EOSG AVISORY BOARD ON DISARMAMENT STUDIES In the course of his meeting with the Secretary-General, the Permanent Representative of the USSR, Ambassador Troyanovsky mentioned that Mr. Roschin, the Soviet member on the Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies, is to be relieved of his duties for reasons of health. In his place, Mr. Vladimir Shustov, the disarmament expert at the Soviet Mission to the United Nations, could participate in the work of the Advisory Board, at least during its forthcoming session. * The Secretary-General gave his agreement to the appointment of Mr. Shustov on an interim basis. He suggested, however, that a senior official be nominated by the USSR for permanent membership on the Advisory Board. In the light of the above, the Secretary-General would be grateful if you could take the necessary steps for the appointment of Mr. Shustov to the Advisory Board. AKU/MS cc: SG £**'' bf: AR/JPB/MKP/GMM/AF Mr. Jean Ripert, Under-Secretary-General 21 September 1979 for International Economic and Social Affairs Rafeeuddin Ahmed Chef du Cabinet Report of the Secretary-General on the "Question of the establishment of a University for Peace" With reference to your memorandum of 14 September 197B, we have no objection to the above report. U^o* 1$ UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORAND MEMORANDUM INTERIE^R TO: The Secretary-Ge DATE: 18 September 1979 A: Mr. Mikhail Syt REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: Under-Secretary- and Security Counci :airs FROM: Jan Martenson, Assista: Secretary-General DE: Centre for Disarmament ' ,W SUBJECT: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament OB JET: Conference (Implementation of resolution 33/69) 1. The Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference held its second session for the year between 1O to 14 September 1979 and adopted by consensus its report to the thirty-fourth session of the General Assembly. 2. The report, a copy of which is attached for your information, contains three substantive paragraphs: (a) In para. 12, the Ad Hoc Committee noted the consideration and support of the idea of convening a world disarmament conference by -" (i) the UKL Pis armament Commission in its recommendation concerning the elements of a comprehensive disarmament programme; (ii) the joint communique issued in Vienna at the summit meeting of the Heads of State of the USSR and the United States? and (iii) the Declaration of the summit meeting of the Heads of State and Government of the Non -Aligned States in Havana. ' yi (b) In para. 15, the Ad Hoc Committee expressed the view /I /that the General Assembly may wish to decide ,£hat after the / I / second special session of the General Assembly devoted to~ I I / disarmament, ajvorld ' diaarmamtan* <->nn-F(=.r- 1^4- September 1979 ORIGINAL: SNGtISH AD_HDC COMMUTES ON THE WORLD DISARMAMENT CONFERENCE REPORT OF THE AD HJC COMZTTSE ON THE WORLD DISART-IAMENT CONFERENCE Draft 1979 Heport of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference 1. INTEODUCTION 1* By its resolution 33/59 of 1^ December 1978, the General Assembly V requested the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference to maintain close contact with the representatives of the States possessing nuclear weapons in order to remain currently informed of their atti- tudes as well as with all other States, and to consider any relevant comments and observations which might be cade to the Committee, especially having in mind paragraph 122 of the Final Document of the Tenth Special Session (resolution S-1Q/2), and requested the Committee to submit a report to the Assembly at its thirty-fourth session, 2. The elected officers of the Ad Hoc Committee were as follows: Chairman: Mr. Biyagamage J. Fernando (Sri Lanka) Vice-Chairman: Mr. Carlos T. Alzamora (?-ru) Mr. Henryk Jaroszeic (Poland) Mr. Artemon Sinbananiye (Burundi) Rapporteur: Mr. Fermin Zelada (Spain) I/ By its resolution 3133 (XT/Ill) of 21 December 1973, the General Assembly decided that ths Ad Hoc Committee should consist of -ha following ^G non-nuclear- "eapon Meisber States appointed by -he President of ths Assembly after consul-a-ion with all regional groups: Algeria, Argentina, Austria, Belgium., Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Czechoslovakia, Zg;rp-c, Zthicpia., H'^ngar-/, India, Indonesia, Iran, Italy, Japan, Lebanon, Liberia, Mexico, Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, Nigeria., Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Romania., Spain, Sri Lania, Svedan, Tunisia, Turkey, Tenezuaia, '-ugcsiavia, Zaire and laabia. 3'. Francs, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the united FCingdoa of Great Britain and ilorthern Ireland participated in the voric of the Cornittee by virtue of paragraph 3 of resolution 3133 (XIC7III). Under the saoe provision, China and the United States of America maintained contact vith the Ad 5oc Ccsmit through its Chaiman. The German Democratic Republic attended nestings of the Comnittee as an observer. k. The WorJciss Group established in 197^ 2/ continued to function. 2/ The composition of the "/TorJsing Grou-s is as follows: BurunJi, Esvpt Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Mexico, Peru, Poland and Spain (Chair-iai)7" ( German Democratic Re-public, Japan, Sweden, USSR and Yugoslavia participated in the "forking Group as observers. II. WORK OF THE C Of 5. In accordance 'with its mandate mentioned in paragraph 1 above, the Ad Hoc Committee held two sessions in 1979'- 6. During the first session the Committee held two meetings on 10 and 11 April 1979- At the first meeting the representative of Iran informed the Committee that Iran did not wish to hold the chairmanship of the Commiitte, and recommended that H. E. Ambassador Biyagamage J. Fernando, the Representative of Sri Lanka, be the rev chairman. The recommendation was seconded by the Representative of Indonesia, and the Committee elected Mr. Fernando as its chairman by acclamation. 7. At the two meetings several States members of the Committee rcade statements on the subject (See A/AC.167/SR. ^6 and kf}, excerpts from which are included in the annex to the present report. 8. During the second session the Committee held three plenary meetings » between 10 and Ik- September 1979- The Chairman and a number of Member States made statements (See A/AC.167/SR. 1*8, ^9 and 50), excerpts from which are included in the annex to the present report. 9. Members of the Committee were fully aware of the positions previously expressed by the Governments of other States on the convening of a world disarmament conference, 10. The Working Group held 3 meetings on 12 and 13 September 1979, and it elaborated the draft of the report of the Ad Hoc Committee. 11. The Ad Hoc Committee at its 50th meeting considered and adopted its report to be submitted to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session. 12. The Ad Hoc Committee was conscious of the fact that the idea • of holding a world disarmament conference was subject to consideration in. other fora both within and outside the United Nations. These included, inter alia, the following: (a) At its session held between 3> May and 8 June 1979 the Dis- armament Commission adopted various recommendations, on 'Elements of a Comprehensive Programme of Disarmament ' . Paragraph 17 of the recommen- dations read as follows 3/: At the earliest appropriate time , a world disarmament conf- erence should be convened with universal participation and with adequate preparation. (b)ln the joint US-USSR communique of the meetings of the President of tie United States Jimmy Carter and the President of the Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet Leonid I, Brezhnev issued on 18 June 1979 in Vienna, th.e .relevant paragraph reads as 'follows The sides noted their support for a second special session of the UK General Assembly devoted to disarmament and for that session C ' ~ to be followed by the convocation of a World Disarmament Conference with universal participation , adequately prepared and at an appro- priate time. Official Records of the General Assembler, thirty-fourth Session, Supplement Ho. 1*2 (A/3**A2), para. IT. Ibid., document (c) At its meetings held between 5 and 7 September 1979 in Havana, the Sixth Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non- Aligned Countries adopted the Declaration. Paragraph 207 of the Declaration reads as follows:^/ The Conference welcomed the decision to hold a second special session of the United Cations General Assembly devoted to disarmament in 1982 and called upon the non-aligned countries to take an active part in the preparation of that session in order to ensure the best results. It supported the proposal to call for a world disarmament conference at the appropriate time with universal participation and adequate preparation. 13. In accordance with paragraph 2 of General Assembly resolution 33/69, the Ad Hoc Committee, through its Chairman, maintained close contact - ' with the representative of States possessing nuclear weapons in order to remain currently informed of- their respective attitudes and obtained the following summary of their positions: China the The position of China remains unchanged and is reflected in/previous reports of the Ad Hoc Committee to the General Assembly. -17 France France is always ready to act in favor of real and effective disarmament. The French Government has accordingly upheld the World Disarmament project. Such a project could effectively contribute to the global disarmament process, once all of the five nuclear- weapon Powers shall have made known their support. Although the objectives of either the special session of the General Assembly devoted to disarmament held in 1973 or the one to be convened in 1982, are not identical to those of the World Conference project, these sessions must be taken into consideration. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics The Soviet Union believes that the convening of a world dis- armament conference is of great international importance. This forum specially devoted to one of the most urgent problems of the present should be a further step forward in combining the efforts of states in the field of disarmament, which would supplement what was expressed and agreed on at the United Nations General Assembly's session. The USSR is convinced that the world disarmament conference could elaborate effective decisions which would be a new incentive for all states for taking practical measures on halting the arms race. Universality of the world conference would ensure the joint participation of all countries of the world in consideration of di sa rmament i s sue s. As appears from the Final Document of the tenth special session 7 of the United Nations General Assembly on disarmament and from the recommendations of the United Nations Disarmament Commission, the idea of holding a world disarmament conference continues to enjoy more and more "broad support. The Soviet Union is of the opinion that the time has come to take concrete steps which would help to start directly a thorough preparation for the conference. Having this aim in mind it would "be expedient to determine the date of convening the World Disarmament Conference and to establish a preparatory body for the Conference. A positive solution of these questions would be logical and timely. It would meet the interests of everybody who not in words but in practice aims at dis- armament. The task of convening the World Disarmament Conference would be facilitated although not in full measure, in our view, by the adoption at the thirty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly the resolution entrusting the Ad Hoc Committee with starting a preliminary preparatory work for the Conference. We are prepared to consider and to approach in a. constructive manner to such a proposal. The Soviet Union supported the idea of holding the first special session on disarmament and took the most active part in it. The USSR has also agreed to convening the second special session in 1932. We believe, however, that the World Disarmament Conference would become a unique forum aiid get a historic meaning. Preparation and holding of the conference would cake it possible to concentrate the attention of governments of all states of the world and the world public on the 8 the solution of question of how to halt the arms race and to move forward on the way of real disarmament. Therefore the Soviet Union considers that the second special session of the United Nations General Assembly on disarmament should be followed by the World Disarmament Conference and that the thirty-fourth session of the United Nations General Assembly should contribute to achieving this goal. United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom takes the view that the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference should not undertake any substantive work until all the significant military states have indicated that in principle they support the convening of a World Disarmament Conference and would be prepared to participate in its work. Although the United Kingdom recognises that at an appropriate time, and if carefully prepared, the convening of a World Disarmament Conference would serve a useful purpose, we are not convinced that the condition outlined in the above paragraph has been fulfilled. United States of America The position of the United States on the matter of a world disarmament conference remains unchanged. It is the United States' view that it is premature to set a date and begin preparations for the convening of such a conference. As noted in the United States' views contained in the 1978 Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on the World Disarmament Conference to the General Assembly, we believe there is insufficient political a agreement on the issues which would presumably be addressed at such a conference and that this lack of agreement would probably hinder rather than assist efforts to reach concrete arms control agreements. III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS lU. In view of latest developments in the field of disarmament delibera- tions and negotiations in different fora, as indicated in para. 12 of the present report, the Ad Hoc Committee reiterated that the idea of a world disarmament conference has received vide support by the membership of the United Nations, however with varying degrees of emphasis and differences on conditions and certain aspects related to the question of its convening. No consensus with respect to the convening of a world disarmament conference under present conditions has yet been reached among the nuclear-weapon States, whose participation in a world dis- armament conference has been deemed essential by most Members of the Organization. 15. Having regard for the important requirements of a world disarmament conference to be convened at the earliest appropriate time, with universal participation and with adequate preparation, the General Assembly.may wish to decide that after its second special session devoted to disarmament, a world disarmament conference would take place as soon as the necessary consensus on its convening has been reached. 16. The General Assembly may wish to renew the mandate of the Ad Hoc Committee and to request it to continue to maintain close contact with the representatives of the States possessing nuclear weapons in order to remain currently informed of their attitudes as well as with all other States, and to consider any relevant comments and observations which might be made to the Committee. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR l// 0 TO: Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed DATE: September 1979 A: Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General Executive Office of the Secretary-General REFERENCE:. EC 113/21(7) THROUGH: S/C DE: FROM: Jean Ripert, Under-Secretary-General DE: for International Economic and Social Affairs SUBJECT: Report of the Secretary-General on the OBJET: "Question of the establishment of a University for Peace" Please find enclosed a copy of the above report which has "been prepared on the basis of comments received from Member States and the following United Nations organizations: the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the Rector and Council of the United Nations University; the United Nations Institute for Training and Research, and the United Nations Centre for Disarmament. Also attached for ease of reference are some of the Member States' comments together with a copy of General Assembly resolution 33/109» concerning the University for Peace. We have discussed the report with Mr. Diego Cordovez and incor- porated his comments into the draft. I would appreciate receiving the Secretary-General's clearance of the report. A copy of this report has also been sent to Mr. K.K.S. Dadzie for his views and comments. AKU/AR/MS bf: RA/JBP/MKP/AF cc: SG «£/" File: Disarmament 11 Septeriser 1979 My dear colleague, .3 "j I wish to thank you for your letter of 29 August 1979 advising rae of your resignation as an expert on ] the Advisory Board on Disarmament Studies. | \ I understand your decision to relinquish your 1 post in view of your new duties in the Secretariat \ i and I should like to thank you for the most valuable c&ntribution you have made to the work of the Advisory Board. Your continued efforts on behalf of disarmament are highly appreciated, In accordance with your wish to maintain contact with the Boardf s activities/ I have instructed its secretariat to continue providing you with the relevant documentation. With warm regards, '-.-" Yours sincerely, Kurt Waldheim Mr. Rikhi Jaipal Secretary to the Committee on Disarmament Geneva OFFICE DES NATIONS UNIES A GENEVE M2M? UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA* I4ligramn.es: UNATIONS, GENEVE PALAIS DES NATIONS Ttlax: 22212 ou 22344 CH-1211 GENEVE 10 Telephone 34(011 310211 "*• ••: ' 29 August 1979 (a rappalar dans la rtponse) • R CO £17 L', ISEi' - 6 IS/;.? Dear Mr. Secretary-General, You were good enough to appoint me to your Advisory Board on Disarmament studies. How that I have been appointed by you to a post in the UN Secretariat, I feel that I should relinquish my j position as an expert on the Advisory Board. I j do hope, however, that I would be able to maintain some form of official contact with the Advisory Board, because of its utility to my present duties. Warm regards, Yours sincerely, Eikhi Jaipal Eis Excellency- Dr. Kurt Valdheim Secretary-General of the United Nations United Nations Headquarters New York N.Y. 10017 I MEMBERS OF THE SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL STUDY GROUP ON DISARMAMENT Country Name Position Party/Organisation Austria Walter Hacker International Socialist Party Secretary of Austria (SPOe) Finland Kalevi Sorsa Party chairman Finnish Social Democratic Party France Lionel Jospin International French Socialist Secretary Party Fed Rep Alfons Pawelczyk Party spokesman on Social Democratic of Germany armaments control Party of Germany (SPD) '.;- '»..-:.• Member of '•.'':"> Parliament Great Frank Allaun Party chairman British Labour Party Britain Member of Parliament - •&.'••^ar .*_-> ..i. •;,*•- ? •••••".- -• . . fyi^-i --^ Japan Roo Watanabe Deputy chairman of Japan Democratic Party International Socialist Party : ? "•^" i----••--••-^., :• ' , ^'- Committee (JDSP) •-.'•* ~t '• •'•" '* Member of -.* -;•';. Parliament Japan Tetsu Noda Party spokesman on Socialist Party •defence of Japan (SPJ) Member of Parliament . •-*'. . * Netherlands Max van der Stoel 'Member of Dutch Labour ••••* • %$ Parliament Party (PvdA) ., ••. Senegal Habib Thiatn International Socialist Party Secretary of Senegal Member of Parliament Spain Jose Miguel Bueno Chairman of Spanish Socialist Party Committee Workers' Party on Defence (PSOE) Member of Parliament ;•• fc: -' .''••'; -J Venezuela Enrique Tejera International Democratic Action Paris Secretary Party of Venezuela (AD) (Sweden) Bernt CarIsson General Socialist Secretary International .;-!V;~. - ,* 41 —..I !1T ,-^i" 1 'V ^t u* "f f- Background note on Socialist International Study Group on Pi .ent 1. Disarmament and the Socialist International Recently disarmament has become a topic of major interest for the Socialist International. A special conference on the subject was organized in Helsinki in April 1978. Disarmament was also one of the main themes of the 14th post-war Congress in Vancouver, in November 1978. As part of its work in this area, the Socialist International is establishing contact on disarmament matters with major authorities and organizations concerned. 2. Study Group In 1978, a Study Group was established to collect information on disarmament, serve as the instrument to establish these contacts and to evaluate relevant positions. The Study Group is composed of representatives from affiliated parties in Austria, Finland, France, the FRG, Japan, the Netherlands, Senegal, Spain and the United Kingdom. Its Chairman is Kalevi Sorsa, former Prime Minister of Finland and Chairman of the Finnish Social Democratic Party. The Study Group will submit its report to the Socialist International Congress of autumn 1980. It will present an interim report to a meeting of Socialist Party Leaders called by Federal Chancellor Bruno Kreisky in Vienna in February 1980. 3. Contacts of the Study Group The Study Group has a mandate to contact the great powers as well as the non-aligned movement. It also decided to contact the United Nations. In May 1979 the Group visited Washington and was received by President Carter and Vice President Mondale. In addition, it held discussions with representatives of the United States Government and the two major parties. In August 1979 several of its members were received in Colombo by President Jayewardene and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mr. Hameed, representing the non-aligned countries. In October 1979, the Study Group will visit Moscow and meet with President Brezhnev. \ - 2 - 4. Report A substantive report was drafted early this year to serve as a basis for its discussions. After surveying some general principles, economic aspects, various approaches to disarmament and the status of particular aspects of disarmament negotiations, the report sets forth a number of recommendations broadly parallel in nature to those in the Final Document of the UN Special Session, although somewhat more pointed and specific in their formulation. In a concluding section on the role of the Socialist International and its member parties the report suggests that each social democratic party must prepare an action programme for the promotion of arms control and disarmament to be used in political activities at the national level, and carry out a nation-wide information campaign for detente, disarmament and d eve1opment. 5. Topics of' interest During its talks at the United Nations, the Study Group may wish to discuss matters such as the role of the UN in relation to disarmament, the role and function of various UN bodies, UN activities in the field of disarmament research, the Second Special Session on Disarmament, matters related to non-proliferation of nuclear weapons and particularly the Second Non-Proliferation Treaty Review Conference, the possible UN Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Energy and the Conference on Specific Conventional Weapons, Geneva, 10-28 September 1979. AKU 6 September 1979 ,~v -'• •'rt^* * * ; •''.""' • r il a+ vj*K-y x bf: EA/AR/GMM Notes on the meeting of the Secretary-General with the Socialist International Study Group on Disarmament 7 September 1979 at 11 a.m. Present: The Secretary-General Kalevi Sorsa, Chairman, Finland Mikhail D. Sytenko Walter Hacker, Secretary,Austria Rolf Bjornerstedt Hans Eberhard Dingels, FRG Jan Martenson Reimund Seidelmann, FRG Angela Knippenberg-Uther L^onil Jospil, France Enrique Tereja Paris, Venezuela Pentii VaSnanen, Finland Bernt Carlsson, Socialist International The Secretary-General shortly outlined United Nations efforts in the field of disarmament. He also mentioned the positive psychological impact of SALT II on the negotiating process. a Mr. Sorsa underlined the importance of disarmament in international politics and emphasized that for the first time the Socialist International had taken the action of establishing such a Study Group. In this way, the Socialist International would not only constitute a forum for Social Democratic Parties, but also open itself for dialogue on disarmament matters. The Study Group had prepared a draft report on stands taken by member parties and was presently collecting information and comments from governments - and the UN - in order to advise the Socialist International on disarmament matters. The Group, he continued, would like to hear more about the role of the UN in disarmament and the role of internal co-ordination. He also asked what was expected of the UN in this field. - 2 - The Secretary-General described UN efforts in disarmament, particularly the Tenth Special Session and its results. He emphasized the establishment of the Committee on Disarmament, the streamlining of the UN machinery, and the expansion of the Centre for Disarmament. He said the machinery to deal with disarmament was adequate, and underlined the required political will of governments to implement the measures. The Secretary- General asked Mr. Sorsa's help in making this clear to governments and to ask for more support from States in the disarmament field. Mr. Ejornerstedt held that the Socialist International had an important function in helping to create the political will necessary to implement disarmament. The UN on its part was directing its efforts at becoming more professional to assist governments. Mr. Carlsson expressed the view held by the Socialist International that the role of the UN in the disarmament field should be strengthened and said that this point would be stressed in its work. The Secretary-General was pleased to hear this, he said, The meeting was then concluded. A, Knippenberg-Uther-1**^-^ 10 September 1979 UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES N^-E^ INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR TO: Mrs. Angela Knippenberg-Uther DATE: 30 August 1979 A: Associate Officer ' Executive Office of the Secretary-General REFERENCE: THROUGH: S/C DE: P. Csillag, Officer-in-charir\ FROM: 4 «r DE: Centre for Disarmament \ X^/AX.. ^' SUBJECT: Socialist International Study Group on isarmament O B J ET: - 1. Please find enclosed as requested a short summary of the document submitted by the Socialist International Study Group on Disarmament . 2. Regret fully, we could not find material in the files of the Centre for Disarmament concerning the background of this Group. I am planning to seek the assistance of Mr. Bjornerstedt upon his arrival since he may be in a position to supply some information based on his personal experience. 3. I wish to confirm our earlier conversation according to which the Group is planned to meet Messrs. Sytenko, Martenson and, possibly, Bjornerstedt at about 11.30 a.m. on 7 September. cc: Mr. M.D. Sytenko Mr. J. Martenson Mr. R. Bjornerstedt Summary of Document Submitted by Socialist International Study Group on Disarmament Part I - Socialist International and Disarmament The founding meeting of the Second International in 1889 declared that "peace is the first and indispensable precondition for the liberation of the working classes" and from 1891 onwards the question of disarmament has been permanently on the agenda of the organization. In view of the United Nations Special Session, on Disarmament, a Socialist International Conference on Disarmament was held in Helsinki on April 24-26, 1978 jointly organized by the Finnish Social Democratic Party and the Socialist International. A notable feature of the Conference was the presence of representatives of the United States (James F. Leonard) and the USSR (Boris W. Ponomanev). The Socialist International was represented with the status of observer at the Special Session. As a follow-up to its Helsinki Conference, the Study Group on Disarmament was established. It is composed of representatives from affiliated parties in Austria, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Finland, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Senegal and Spain. The Chairman of the Study Group is Kalevi Sorsa, former Prime Minister of Finland and Chairman of the Finnish Social Democratic Party and its Secretary is Walter Hacker, International Secretary of the Austrian Socialist Party. [Terms v_ of reference for the Study Group include collection of information, ~\ exchange of ideas, and assessment of points of view, i It will visit - 2 - Washington, Moscow, representatives of non-aligned nations and the United Nations, and will meet with President Jimmy Carter and President L.I. Brezhnev among others. Part II - International Security and Disarmament. Early this year the Group drafted a substantive report /° to serve as a basis for its discussions. ( After surveying some general principles, economic aspects, variouV- s approaches to disarmament and the status of particular aspects of disarmament negotiations, the report sets forth a number of recommendations broadly parallel in nature to those in the Final Document of the United Nations Special Session, although somewhat more txsrv-^Jti- ^» —• pointed and specific in its dra-fting. In a concluding section on the role of the Socialist International and its member parties the report suggests that each social democratic party must prepare an action programme for the promotion of arms control and disarmament to be used in political activities at the national level, and carry out a nation wide information campaign for detente, disarmament and development. | ***** nkA., Augaii 14-th, 1979 • >. io Ae ctt4co4-5-cotti -tfie Soc^LaLL&t IntejznationaJL Study Gtoup on wi££. fuive ifee homuJi to have. with. ycu. and the. tie.pft.uznt&tLvu the. Unite-d Nation* Se-CJietaniat nzxt month T. Katevi Soua. Chairman. SociaLi&t lYtf.wncution.cuL Study Gtioap ill i on Vi&atuname.nt i| «i M . Ktwt WaJtdhum United Nation* CONFIDENTIAL Document A/2 April 197'J Submission for the Helsinki meeting, April 4, 1979 of the Socialist International Study Croup on Disarmament ••ssfj "'-^- 53* LIST OF CONTENTS PART I SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL AND DISARMAMENT 1.1. Socialist International 1.2. Socialist and Social Democratic Parties 2. TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE STUDY GROUP 3. ACTIVITIES OF'THE STUDY GROUP PART II 1. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND DISARMAMENT 1.1. Historical perspectives 1.2. Detente and disarmament 1.3. Strengthening of in-teirnational security 1.4. General principles * 2. THE ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF DISARMAMENT -• I 2.1. Military expenditure and the economy 2.2. The effects of disarmament 2.3. Disarmament and development 3. WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION 3.1. Strategic nuclear weapons 3.2. Tactical nuclear weapons 3.3. The comprehensive test ban • 1* •- 3.4. Nuclear proliferation 'c» 3.5. Chemical weapons and other waapons..of mass destruction. 3.6. Development of new types of weapons 4. CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS 4.1. Towards conventional disarmament : '**?'-+.*••'; • ' ' 1 '—* : ' ' f 4.2. Regional control and reductions of forces and armaments :VT .£:.,'•:.';.-• IVf • • •.;'•:! 4.3. Arms trade and transfer 4.4. Prohibition of certain conventional weapons 5. MACHINERY OF DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS 5.1. UN disarmament machinery 5.2. Regional approaches «\ 5.3. Bilateral disarmament negotiations PART III -* - RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY GROUP 1. Disarmament - strategy for acheiving lasting peace and co-operation 2. Protest against stagnation 3. Proposal for a new departure 4. Most urgent tasks for disarmament efforts; 4.1. Disarmament and development 4.2. Nuclear disarmament 4.3. Non-proliferation 4.4. Conventional vjeapons and their transfer 5. The role of SI and its membor parties 6. .Appeal for international ct -operation - 2 - PART I 1. SOCIALIST INTERNATIONAL'AND DISARMAMENT The struggle for peace has been a central value in the ideology of Socialist and Social Democratic parties from the very beginning. .i : The- founding meeting of the Second International in 1889 declared that "peace is the first and indispensable precondition £or the liberation of the working classes". From 1891 onwards, the question of a concerted struggle against militarism and for disarmament was permanently on the agenda of the organization. In spite of the traumatic experiances of the two world wars disarmament remained an essential element of the programme of international cooperation for ;.* ' -H; the Socialist and Social Democratic parties. 1.1. Socialist International At the Congress of the Socialist International in Geneva on November 26-28, 1976, one of the subjects for debate was "Helsinki - What next". The main theme of the Socialist International Party Leaders Conference held in Amsterdam on April 16-17, 1977, was "The Relations between East and West after the Helsinki Declaration of 1975". t *- *^T ,',, r- • *?• .*,/ -ci? "Problems of Disarmament" was the principal theme of the meeting of the Bureau of the Socialist International held in Madrid on October 15-16, 1977. The discussion on this subject was introduced by Willy Brandt. It was generally felt by speakers that.the Socialist International should devote more time to discussion of the problem of disarmament and should increase its activity in favour of disarmament. Following the discussion, the Bureau decided to ask the General Secretary to prepare for the meeting of the pureau in Hamburg on February 9-10, 1978, proposals for action by^the Socialist Inter- national on disarmament. The Socialist International Party Leaders Conference, held in Tokyo • on December 17-19, 1977, debated the question of nuclear non- proliferation. - 3 - At its meeting in Hamburg on Febuary 9-10, 1978, the Bureau of the Socialist International had before it a proposal that, in view of the complexity of the questions of disarmament, the Bureau uhouJct establish a Study Group on Disarmament. The general purpose of the Study Group would be to prepare proposals for action by the Socialist International and its member parties with regard to disarmament. The Bureau decided, however, to postpone the establishment of such a study group until after the Socialist International Conference on Disarmament, to be held in April 1978. The Socialist International .Conference on Disarmament was held in Helsinki on April 24-26, 1978, jointly organized by the Finnish Social Democratic Party and the Socialist International. The Conference consisted of four themes, "GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF •>••* •M- DISARMAMENT", "NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND OTHER WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION", "INTERNATIONAL MACHINERY FOR DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS" and "DIS- ARMAMENT AND DEVELOPMENT". A notable feature of the Conference was the presence of represent- atives of the United States and the USSR, •who attended as gueat speakers. These were James F. Leonard, Deputy Representative of the United States to the United Nations, and Boris N. Ponomarev, Alternate Member of the Politbureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chairman of " >• ' #-. .IK,'? ' •'.'.' the Foreign Affairs Commission of the Soviet of Nationalities of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Conference was convened in-view of the Special Session on Dis- armament of the United Nations General Assembly to be held in May- June 1978. The aim was to hear and exchange views and consider the . position held by the representatives attending it. The Bureau of the Socialist International met in Dakar on May 12-13,. 1978. It discussed the Congress of the Socialist International to be held in Vancouver on November 3-5, 1978, observer delegation consisted to Tai Ogawa from the Japan Democratic Socialist Party, Kanobu Sekiguchi from the Japan Socialist Party and Bernt Carlsson, General Secretary of the Socialist International. Disarmament was one of the -items in the XIV post-war Congress in Vancouver from 3 to 5 of November, 1978. • \ 1.2. Socialist and Social Democratic parties International security based on solidarity and cooperatibn instead of accumulation of weaponry have traditionally been the primary foreign policy objective of individual Socialist arid Social Democratii parties. Disarmament plays a central role in all the present programmes or statements of these parties on international affairs. The Study Group has received special submissions on disarmament from the parties of the following countries: Austria, Finland, FRG and Ireland. Programmes or statements specialized in disarmament were received from the following parties: Denmark, France, Japan, Iceland, . Norway, Senegal and Sweden. More general, programmes including , statements on disarmament were received•from Argentine, Belgium, Great Britain, New Zealand and Spain. ..Moreav.er, ..material, on dis- •5 -*- • armament was received from ICFTU, ICSDW and IUSY. In addition to the general desire to stop arms race and to bring about the general and complete disarmament, the primary concern of . - -. these programmes and statements is nuclear disarmament, i.e. limit- ^ a ation of strategic nuclear weapons, test ban, non-proliferatinn problems and halting the development of new nuclear weapons. Other major topics are trade and diversion of the human and material resources now wasted for military purposes to world-wide social and economic development, it is also natural that a bulk of member parties of the SI are concerned of the European security, i.e. the CSCE, the Vienna talks and the so-called grey-zone weapons on the continent. 2. TERMS OF REFRENCE OF THE STUDY GROUP As a follow-up to the Socialist International Conference on Dis- armament held in Helsinki on April 24-26, 1978, the Bureau establish the Study Group on Disarmament. It is composed of representatives of the following parties: Austrian Socialist Party, British Labour Party, Dutch Labour Party, Fii aish Social Democratic Party, French Socialist Party, German Sociat Democratic Party., Japan Democratic — 5 — Japan Democratic Socialist Party, Socialist Party,/Socialist Party of Senegal, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, Accion Democratica of Venezuela and by the General Secretary of the Socialist International. Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland and Chairman of the Finnish Social Democratic Party, is Chairman of the Study Group. The Secretary is Walter Hacker, International Secretary of the Austrian Socialist Party. Members: Finland Kalevi Sorsa, Chairman Austria Walter Hacker, Secretary France Robert Pontillon Germany, Fed. Rep. Alfons Pawelczyk Great Britain Frank Allaun Japan JSP Tetsu Noda JDPP Roo Watanabe Netherlands Max van der Stoel Senegal Habib Thiam Spain Jose Miguel Bueno Venezuela Enrique Tereja Paris Socialist International Bernt Carlsson !».'?- '' The terms of reference of the Study Group include collection of information, exchange of ideas and assessing of standpoints. As part of process the Study Group will visit Washington, Moscow, the representatives of Non-Aligned Nations and the United Nations. "fl 3. ACTIVITIES OF THE STUDY GROUP The Study Group held its first meeting in Paris June 11, 1978, deciding on ist preliminary working plan. As Chairman of the Study Group Kalevi Sorsa sent October 26, 1978, a letter to the Presidents Jimmy Carter and L.I. Brezhnev, Secretary General Dr. Kurt Waldheim and Prime Minister, Ranasinghe Premadasa, representing the Non-Aligned Nations. In the letter Kalevi Sorsa informed them about the activities of the Study Group and expressed its wish to meet representatives of the U.S. government, the Soviet government, the United Nations and the Non-Alicincd Nations. Affirmative answers were give by President L.I. Brezhnev October 31, Secretary General Kurt Waldheijn November 20, and President Jimmy Carter December 1, 1978. - 6 - The Congress of the Socialist International in Vancouver, November 3-5, 1978, delt with disarmament. Chairman of the Study Group K.ilevi Sorsa gave his progress report to the Congress. Walter Hacker, Bernt Carlsson and Pentti VaSniinen, representing the Finnish Social Democratic Party, met in Helsinki January '1 ;md r>, 1979, where they drafted a report to be served as basis for discussion within the Study Group. PART II 1. INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND DISARMAMENT • The issues of armament and disarmament are not to be viewed in isolation from other major issues of our time. Stopping and reversing the arms race can be achieved only through concerted action aimed at removing the causes of wars, decreasing international tension and abolishing injustice both within and between societies. The instrumen of war and violence must be dismantled. The Social Democratic labour movement is firmly convinced that only peace and international solidarity can enable us to achieve the central objectives of our ideology: freedom, progress and social justice. The most recent developments of relations between states - particularly those prevailing between the major military powers - indicate a decrease in confidence and an increase of frictions. To these trends urgant remedies must be found. First and formost all parties concerned must refrain from responding automatically by heavy increasing defence budgets and developing ever new tools • ,* of confrontation in the form of modern armament. Political disputes outside disarmament framework proper should be settled peacefully in their own merits and not be used as excuse for neglecting efforts to reach results in disarmament. The efforts of disarmament are not to be pushed to the background to wait for an improved climate but conducted with increased vigour to regain the confidence that is needed for further steps of detente. 1.1. Historical perspective The world of today has become increasingly armed and militarized. During the present century wo:. Ld military expenditure has risen mor« than twenty times. At present, the arms race is again accelerating XL. - 7 - rather than remaining stable. It has achieved global dimensions and now affects every state and every nation. Today some 400 billion dollars are used annually for military purpose: This is twice the amount used for health care and more than what is used for education. Three hours of world military expenditure! corresponds to the annual costs of the UN peace-kuepiny operations. The qualitative development which has taken place since the Second World War is no less dramatic. The deployment of weapons.of mans destruction, especially nuclear weapons, has deeply affected the international system and the notion of war. Existing arsenals of these weapons are more than enough to destroy mankind and all other life on earth. At the same time the conventional anus race has produced weapons and weapon systems of a destruction power almost comparable to that of nuclear weapons. The efforts to curb the arms race reached a qualitatively new stage in 1960-62, when a relative strategic balance had evolved '""•-I between the Soviet Union and the United States. Since then concrete disarmament negotiations have taken place within the framework of the Geneva-based negotiating body established in 1961, on a bilateral basis between the Soviet Union and the United States and on regional basis, notably in Europe and Latin America. Of the disarmament and arms control agreements concluded so far the •- -&*-::s.<-V. ••'- - » ,.vi .*' ', 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty has had the most direct impact o;i the - ' '•-'; life of the ordinary citizen. In a more general political and security context the Non-Proliteration Treaty of 1968 and the two SALT agreements of 1972 are of primary importance. The Biological Weapons Convention of 1972 is the first and hitherto only disarmament treaty in the proper sense of the term, as it provides for the destruction of arsenals already in existence. Among agreements of regional relevance mention should be made above all to the 1967 Treaty of Tlatelolco, providing for the prohibition of nuclear weapons in Latin America. Certain bilateral agreements to reduce the risks of outbreak of nuclear war have also been concluded, and some achievements have been made in the field of prohibiting certain methods of warfare. With the exception of the Biological Weapons Convention these treaties and agreements have ..ot implied real disarmament but a certain regulation of the arm race and the pacification of certain - 8 - geographical areas from its effects. It hns proved surprisingly difficult to complete efforts which already have resulted in partial achievements, as witnessed by the difficulties in reaching agreement on a comprehensive nuclear test ban, on SALT II and on the prohibition of chemical weapons. The ultimata goal, general imcl complete disarmament under effective international control,, appears to be as far away today as it was ten or twenty years ago. Tliia does not mean that the results obtained so far are without value. Especially the political significance of many arms control agreements is considerable. A world without these agreements would bu more insecure world to live in. The meagre results of disarmament negotiations should be seen in relation to the quest for qualitative refinement of weapons unJ the close connection between the contemporary armaments dynamics arid scientific and technological developments. The arms race spiral has gained a momentum of its own, largely dependent on internal factors such as the impact of strong military-industrial complexes. Significant achievements cannot be obtained unless the present race in arms technology is stopped by political decisions. At the same time it is imperative that the process of d5ten.te be. strengthened and developed and that the elements of friction discernible '-• ." '*&• especially in the relations between the two great powers, the Soviet Union and the United States, can be overcome. A heavy responsibility for curbing the arms race lies with the two great powers, which together acount for a dominating part of the 7'-':'F% quantitative and qualitative arms race. The militarization of the A.L. -Afe.;- Third World calls for increased disarmament efforts by the non- aligned countries too. And itmustbe recognized that Europe could and should have done much more in this field. Socialist and Social Democratic parties do not escape responsibility eitUer. When in government position they have isot done all in their power to curb the arms race spiral internationally and internally. It has become widely recognises, as witnessed by the Final Document of the recent special session In the 1950s attempts wore made to deal rapidly nnd comprehensively with the whole disarmament problem. This was too innLi tious, especially given the sharp tension that existed between East and West and the dominant ways of thinking about Y>oace and security. Today the situation is different. The mutual distrust that has been at the root of the gigantic arms race has been partly dispelled. In the process of detente subtantial preconditions for a peaceful settlement of conflicting interests have been created and the Cold War increasingly replaced by the will to co-operate. The Social Democratic movement has contributed to the laying of some of the most important cornerstones of the policy of detente. Agreements in the military field have been of crucial importance in the policy of detente. These two sectors are still inseparable from each other. Detente will not last unless it is followed and supported be effective agreements on arms control and disarmament. For detente there is no rational alternative. T-his fact should be the very basis for intensified efforts to overcome the present. obstacles and to dispel - well before the second CSCE follow-up meeting in Madrid - those trends, particularly in the; field of armaments, that now threaten to endager the results already achieved. 1.3. Strengthening of international security Disarmament efforts should be based on the conviction that it is possible and necessary to build an international system where conflicts are not solved by resort to or threat of force. The Charter of the United Nations prohibits the threat or use of force in the relations between states. This principle has been reaffirmed and defined in numerous international instruments, such as the Final Act of the Conference on European Security and Co- operation. It is one of the cornerstones of the present international system. All available means should be used to strengthen its implementation, including internal activity to increase awareness of the necessity for international understanding and peace. The alternative to war is peaceful settlement of disputes. The process of detente has made it possible to strengthen existing mechanisms for such settlemen., in particular the various organizat- ions and bodies of the UN fam: Ly. At the same time the need.Tor new mechanisms which would be generally acceptable shoulJ bo explored e.g. in a European context. There is a close connection between disarmament and refraining from the use of force on the one hand and human rights on the other. Peace is a precondition for the effective realization of human rights - the realization of human rights enhances positive peace. 1.4. General Principles Some general principles to be applied in carrying out disarmament have been gaining in acceptability during the 1960's and'1970'si. On some of these there is a broad concensus. The following general principles are among the crucial ones: o Enduring international peace and security cannot be founded on the accumulation of weaponry by military alliances nor sustained by a precarious balance of deterrence of doctrines of strategic .* superiority. Genuine and lasting peace can only be created through the effective implementation of the security system provided for in the Charter of the United Nations and the speedy and substantial reduction of arms and armed forces. o There is concensus that removing the threat of a world war - a nuclear war - is the most acute and urgent task of the present day. Mankind is seen as confronted with a choice: we must halt the arms race and proceed to disarmament or face annihilation. o There is also agreement that the final objective is that oil general and complete disarmament under effective international control. O The principal goals of disarmament are to ensure the survival of mankind and to eliminate the danger of war, in particular nuclear war. The aim is also to ensure that the use of force and.the threat of force are eliminated from international life. o In the cessation of the arms race and measures of disarmament the highest priority is to be given to nuclear disarmament and the prevention of nuclear war. To this and, i/b is imperative to remove the threat of nuclear weapons, to halt and reverse the . nuclear arms race and to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons. Along with such measures action should be taken to prohibit or prevent the development, production or use of other weapons of mass destructio,,. fca - 11 - o Together with negotiations on nuclear disarmament measures, negotiations should be carried out on the balanced reduction of armed forces and of conventional armaments. The negotiation;; should also cover limitations on international transfers of conventional weapons. o All states has a duty to contribute to efforts in the field of disarmament and all states have the right to participate in those negotiations. While disarmament is the responsibility of all states, the nuclear powers bear primary responsibility for nuclear disarmament and, together with other militarily significant -js- \ states, for halting and reversing the cirms race. O The adoption of disarmament measures should take place in hn equitable and balanced manner so as to ensure the right of each state to security and to ensure that no individual, state or group of states may obtain advantages over others at any stage. Under certain circumstances voluntary, unilateral initiatives or measures, as the first step towards conclusion of agreements, may valuably contribute to creating an atmosphere of mutual confidence. At each stage, the objective "should bo'enhanced security at the lowest possible level of armaments and military forces. o Disarmament and arms limitation agreements should provide for adequate measures of verification. o In a world of finite resources there is a close relationship :'M-J-r" between expenditure on armaments and on economic and social '•-;'•? ' •- '..••| •/ ^ development. The hundreds of billions of dollars spent annually on the manufacture or improvement of weapons are in drastic contrast to the want and powerty in which two thirds of the world' population lie. This collossal waste of resources is even more serious in that it diverts to military purposes not only material but also technical and human resources are urgently needed for development in all countries, particularly in the developing countries. I VrTT"1v~»' - *.-.- ,'f-.~t • >rr^r^-'" - 12 - 2. ECONOMIC FRAMEWORK OF DISARMAMENT 2.1. Military exi?enclil'ui:e and tlio economy The arms race not only produces insecurity and ji it also diverts hucje rcKOurces into non-proclucLi v<_- pin-poKc-s. 'I'll.: 5* current militarization is a ho;wy di-aln un lx>Lli ncii-cn-i nl ainl luiiii.in .1 : resources, on domestic ccononiioL;, 1ml al.sti on lli<: inltTii-'il:] on;. 1. economic and political system. The world is becoming i nci;c':;i:;int( I y aware that its resources are not unlimited. Today, about -100 thousand million dulK-jrs art: jnmuilly sponl. tor military purposes. The average annual qrowth rate in this t:onj:ury has been 4.5 per cent in renl terms. Larcje itmounts of natural resources, and especially tl>e scarcest raw matorials, £irc- umid £.-ir iiiilitLiry purposes. Half a million researchers, u.y. about 50 [>^r c^iit 01" all physic and engineoriny researchers in the world, arc- i.iK| The realization of a new international economic order or any other development strategy aimed at more balanced worldwide progress is based on increased resource utilization. Progress to this end c;m be achieved only if, on the global level, there is aluo a re- channeling of resources away from the military to the satisfaction of basic needs, from the present uses that tend to distort socio- political development to more harmonious and purposeful growth. Althought the impact of armaments on the economy is essentially different in different systems and in countries at different lc;vi-ls of economic development, it is the same in one respect: arnidiuL-n* :, impose a substantial burden and curtail overall possibilities for meeting social needs, both present and future. It is true that the military sector invests in production and services and thus creates employment. These investments have, however, jfi strony inflationary impact on the economy. The average amount of money needed for the . creation of one job is on average much higher than in alternative- sectors. Moreover, these jobs are not permanent and :.ro easily affected by domestic or international changes, as hns been nciiii during the last few years. The higher the share of <;i)i> devoted to military expenditure, the more probable it be-copies tl-.it mil 1 tary - 13- budgets will be: incronscul at the expiMiec.1 of s<»::i.il :;i'i.:iij-i.t y expenditure and private Naturally, the social and economic: imp] iuiitioni; -iru iiri.!aLi:!;l IM countries with the biijcjosl: military outlay:.;. Tlic l-.ull. cji: 1'lu: i-i-:,iiui-ces used for armamc'nU.s it; boiiuj sprint by a i|\ii to I i mi u-i'l iiiiuil>i:r oi countries, mainly the major pov^ors. llovjijvc.-r, I ho .iuip.tc.-l: <.>( mi I il.ariz— ation is not limited to those oouiitr ios only. V/i.l.h I In.- ijl;>l 2.2. The Effects of Disarmament: It is evident that disarmament - or even modest savinqti in military expenditures - would release considerable amounts of material and human resources for constructive and -productive purponns?. The effects would in detail depend on the role and impact oi armaments on economic and social development. It is realistic to assume that also frictions -II: and social tensions would arise in the course of demilitarization. However, with careful planning of reconversion, disarmament is foasibl : •i: S* *.~fff?l The problems of conversion are more easy to solve if disarmament is a gradual process to be carried out in a climate of confidence. I'or such a confidence to prevail, measures reducing feelings of external military threat and unsecurity are needed. Likewise, a succesful reconversion process requires increased public control of armaments industries, specific public plans for the d.ivjfjrsif ication of these industries into civil production without the loas of jobs. 4 In general, disarmament policies also have intra-soc ietal requirement These are connected with political control of cl«:func:o establishments, democratization of decision-ina; ing in matters of defence and i.ai. ional •4. security as well as measures p.Dvidincj the support ol. public: opinion n^~, l jfi~'' %^-'-»1- JA^ ^ The human resources devoted to disarmament pl.inn Lnq and nuijiit i atioim, as well as to the analysis of tho ofl'ucta ol: d i :;airniaiiioiit are 1111- proportionately limited compared with those emjaqud in the wai titenanc and development ol: military forces. 2.3. Disarmament and Development Disarmament would contribute substantially to a wiirie-Ly of (joali: security would be globally enhanced .and froc'dom from want greatly promoted. Throiujh a combination of tl'ieuu c.'ffi.-ets cl i sai iu T,.,:,..'-..i."i -' -. ;i'-.---! .' - •. -.:' .'-t Disarmament is also a prerequisite for creating more t.-.jual and just international structures. i •--! I i -1 A global disarmament programme must be linked with a global strategy to combat underdevelopment, encompassing both resource transfer and new strategic lines in the field of change and re-form. lu is apparent _••! that so far disarmament and development issues have b.~-en discussed .<:'•?? too much in isolation from each other. A radical departure from customary thought must take place. Progress will be possible only by deliberately linking the issues and giving development priority -* -. over militarization through concrete measures, in particular by diverting resources away from armaments to development. The effects of disarmament on the world's development process should not be viewed exclusively in terms of resource and capital transfer. Disarmament may have an even greater impact im contributing to balanced socio-economic development on a worldwide .scale in othor fields. One significant field is that of science and technology. It is in this very domain that iinuan civllication lias; 1 IHJ pc.iLc.-nt i ji for changing the world in a purpos -ful way. The profound irrationality •Mb- - 15 - of the arms race is particularly clearly demonstrated by the scope of its drain on science and research capabilil. i es. Au a result of disarmament one could expect a drastic change in research und development priorities, a change from destructive purposes to those corresponding to the true long-term interests of mankind. 3. WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION The most important feature of armaments development since the «• i Second World War is not so much the enormous increase in 'milatary budgets, but the frightening qualitative development of arms technology, especially the development of weapons of mass destruction and their delivery systems. The existing stockpiles of nuclear arms and other weapons of mass destruction are many times sufficient for the annihilation of mankind. 3.1. Strategic nuclear weapons Nuclear weapons have undergone a dramatic development since the production of the first prototypes during the Second World War. ••&&• i:$:^~tj -^.. ;'•;. --=?• -,.-!;••.;«..• -*a They are often divided into various categories according to their **c. ::: ;^::": %'' .. properties: size, range of the delivery vehicles, military M'^rr .;-;!?!=;• "^ functions. Presently, the most common distinction ia made between -^ .-^.- ^« strategic (global-strategic) and tactical (theater) nuclear weapons. .. '""'' .-i&* m •;: :'f•;--it-.»i? 5':|! i Besides these two categories, experts often refer to a third : category of nuclear warheads with high or relatively high yield, an inter-mediate range delivery system and a regional military ' ;.il function (e.g. "Eurostrategic" nuclear weapons). Irrespective of their military functions, the political relevance of this categoriz- ation is questionable. The qualitatively important threshold is that between nuclear and "conventional" weapons. The use of any kind of nuclear weapon involves a risk of the escalation of an all-out nuclear war. Hence all nuclear weapons must be considered as a whole. Strategic nuclear weapons were soon developed to the point where they could not be used, according -to any reasonable calculation, for winning a war, but only for deterring potential enemies and for . retaliating after a nuclear attack, even at the risk of self- destruction. This can be seen as a starting-point for negotiations on limitation of nuclear weapoas between the great powers. - 16 - Accordingly, the objectives of the existing agreements oti the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons can be described in the following way: reduction of the risk of outbreak of nuclear war, halting the increase in the number and costs of nuclear weapons and the elimination of the detrimental effects of nuclear weapon tests. In order to diminish the danger of the outbreak of nuclear war the USA and the USSR concluded three agreements in 1971-73 and created a direct communications link. The Soviet Union concluded corresponding agreements with the UK and France in 1976 and 1977. In Uho SALT I agreements the USA and the USSR agreed to freeze the number of fixed ICBM launchers and SI.BM launchers and limited the number and specified the properties of anti-ballistic missile systems. The number of ABM systems were further limited in 1974. In spite'of these limitations, SALT I allowed the qualitative development of offensive nuclear weapons and thus, in fact, did not prevent even the quantitative increase of nuclear weapons. SALT II would probably impose new limitations both to the total number of warheads and to the qualitative development of nuclear arms. The numerical levels are, however, quite high and the restrictions on qualitative development are temporary and partial. The SALT negotiations have played a most essential role both in the process of detente and as an important driving force for all dis- armament negotiations. SALT III is going to be of crucial importance for the credibility of the whole disarmament process. Hence, advanced expectations are attached to the results of the SALT III negotiations related both to the level of strategic armaments and especially to halting the further research and development of such weapons. Nevertheless, SALT agreements have not been able to eliminate the risks inherent in the very existance of nuclear weapons and strategic doctrines based on a balance of deterrence. The nuclear arms race has continued and even accelerated, especially in the qualitative field. As long as the development of arms technology is continued, a balance of deterrence can.-*;.nE3!Er be stable. Recent developments have encouraged discussion pf,,whether it is possible to create a "first strike capability" and thus whether a nuclear war is "fight- able" and "winnable"-. If such doctrines are revived, the very basis for disarmament negotiations ./ill be endangered. •-iiT "'VVf—•• •"•..e . £iriAfr, v™-.*,**..^. ...^ \^ ; - 17 - 3.2. Tactical nuclear weapons The dynamic technological development of tactical nuoloar weapons tends to blur the border-line with strategic weapons, on one hand, and conventional weapons, on the other. This will have wide-rEm The question of the so-called grey-zone weapons, stationed in and around Europe, has come to the forefront. The security of the flank areas, which are mostly nuclear-weapon-free, will be affected by the new tactical nuclear weapons technology. In the doctrinal debates, speculations on the possibility ofua limited war have increased. At the same time, the belief that the use of tactical nuclear weapons in a planned, limited manner is impossible has gained further ground. The demand for a complete fi i withdrawal of tactical nuclear weapons from Europe has been put forward. 3.3. The comprehensive test ban A world-wide popular movement created strong pressure for banning all nuclear weapon tests in the early 1960's. AEtor continuous •* negotiations between the UK, the USA and the USSR, nuclear weapon 5 tests in the atmosphere, in outer space and under water ware banned V ;,--* «• * i .in 1963 and underground testing was considerably limited in 1<>74. : In spite of continuous negotiations, the three powers have not been •sfi able to agree on a comprehensive test ban (CTB). China and France '•'•^ .Vs": have not so far been ready to participate in negotiations. The i: question of peaceful nuclear explosions and the duration of a CTB have not been solved. The verification of a CTB may also produce • ,* problems, but they would not probably prevent the conclus-ion of the treaty. A CTB would considerably support both efforts for strengthening the Non-proliferations Treaty regime and negotiations for halting the nuclear arms race. The development and, especially, the deployment of new types of nucl«ear weapons is made much mar difficult if they cannot be tested. Hence., a CTB would make an invaluable contribution to efforts to halt -the qualitative arms race that, currently represent the great st risk to international stability and peace. - 18 - 3.4. Nuclear proliferation One of the major principles of nuclear disarmament has been that a wide dissemination of nuclear weapons would both enhance the danger of nuclear war and complicate the negotiation of disarmament. This principle was the basis of the Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) and it is still valid. Since 1963 the number of potential nuclear powers i • has, however, rapidly increased and will increase in the 1980 's, due to technological, economic and political causes. The dissemination of peaceful nuclear technology has complicated the problems of inter- national control. Hence, the need for strengthening the NPT regime has recently become an ever more burning issue. At the same time, dissatisfaction has been increasing among non-nuclear powers^ concerning the results of nuclear disarmament negotiations referred to in article VI of the NPT. The conclusion of the NPT can be considered the first major step in halting the nuclear arms race. It is still the very basis for nuclear disarmament negotiations. At the same time, it a]so greatly contributed to the process of detente, both at a global and especially at the regional European leve. The NPT regime can be maintained and further strengthened by guaranteeing the credibility of the nuclear disarmament process, by strengthening the security of non-nuclear powers and by increasing international cooperation in peaceful uses of nuclear energy. 3o5. Chemical weapons and other weapons of mass destruction -'- '..--si The 1925 Geneva Protocol prohibits the use in war of asphyxiating, : . :'•>' poisonous and other gases and of bacteriological methods of warfare. Since 1925 the military importance of these weapons has increased considerably. This agreement has retained its importance and a great number of countries have acceded to it since the Second World War, including the USA in 1970. A convention on the prohibition of the development, production and stockpiling of bacteriological (biological) and toxin weapons was concluded in 1972. A similar prohibition of chemical weapons has been negotiated in the CCD since the 1960 's, so far without. concrete results. .-• < Jt- • 'ff\-''- VTT " "'*fc. V."V*i. ,«<*«*«.. - 19 - Environmental weapons (i.e. military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques) were prohibited under tlie so- called ENMOD Convention in 1977. Concrete negotiations have also been conducted concerning the prohibition of radiological weapons. 3.6* Development of new types of weapons It has been widely admitted that the continuous technological development of nuclear weapons as well as other weapons of mass destruction impose a grave danger to all disarmament offovts. The emergence of completely new kinds of weapons tend to make obsolate both former weapons systems and arms control agreements. They often impose new demands for national verification arrangements, too. The development of new types of nuclear weapons may blur the border line between nuclear and conventional weapons and thus lower the threshold of nuclear war. In the worst case the qualitative development may destablize the established stratetic thinking and even lead to speculations with new possibilities of winning a "pre-emptive war". The experiences of previous arms races prove, however, that it is impossible for one country to monopolize* any new arms system. The net result is only a period of diminished -security and enormous economic burdens for all parties concerned. The halting of such qualitative development is one of the greatest challanges for future disarmament efforts. It is difficult to prevent technological development and innovations, even if there were sufficient democratic control over the research and development activities. It takes time, however, to test and to prepare a new weapon for mass production. Thus it is possible to agree on prohibition of such a weapon before mass production is started and it is deployed. In the recent disarmament negotiations and agreements (e.g. SALT II and CTB) more emphasis is given to the control and prevention of qualitative development of muclear weapons. This aspect is going to be a central one in the forthcoming SALT III negotiations. jf - 20 - 4. CONVENTIONAL WEAPONS 4.1. Towards conventional disarmament It has been estimated that some 80 per cent of world military expenditure is used for the conventional arms race. The armed conflicts since the Second World War have witnessed the use mainly of conventional weapons, often with shocking effects for the civilian population in particular. Developments in arms technology have produced conventional weapon systems of unprecedented destructive power. The trade in and transfer of conventional weapons and arms technology plays a considerable military, political and economic role both at the international and the national level. There is a close relationship between conventional and nuclear disarmament. In view of these developments it is only natural that there has been, growing interest in the question of conventional disarmament during the seventies. The broadening and deepening of disarmament talks to include conventional armaments should not, on the other hand, imply denial of the urgency and primary importance of nuclear weapons and their means of delivery in these "talks:'Any effort to blur the border line between nuclear and conventional weapons and to lower the. threshold of nuclear war should be resisted. 4.2. Regional control and reductions of forces and armaments Central Europe remains so far the only region where the reduction of ?/ conventional forces and armaments are under concrete negotiation. There are other areas, however, where political will and initiatives exist for regional arms control. < 5 The Vienna talks between the military alliances on the mutual reduction of forces and armaments in Central Europe have entered an important phase after long-drown discussions. A number of other proposals for military detente in Europe have been presented. 4.3.'Arms trade and transfer Together with the growth of world military expenditure trade in and the transfer of conventional weapons and weapons technology has increased considerable since the Second World War. In recent years efforts to ta. e up the question of the arms trade and the transfer of weapons t chnology at the UN General Assembly - 21 - have not been able to muster enough political support. However, at the 1978 special seas ion consensus was reached on a formula stating that consultations should be carried out niuoncj major arm:s supplier and recipient countries on-the limitation of all typos oL~ inter- national transfers of conventional weapons, based, in particular, - on the principle of undiminished security of the parties with a view to promoting or enhancing stability at a lower military level. The two major suppliers, the USA-and the USSR hnve since, 1977 been engaged in bilateral negotiations on limiting the arms trade. It has been pointed out that possibilities should be explored for broadening in some way or another these talks to encompass other major suppliers as well. An example of the possibilities of common action amomj recipient countries -has been set by the Declaration of Ayacucho, signed by eight Latin American countries in 1974-. Significant results in limiting the transfer of conventional arms might at presem .^.'i<: ^ be obtained on a regional basis, through consultations between suppliers and recipients. In efforts to curb the international *1 transfer of arms, account should also be taken of t-ho rolo played by private dealers and transnational corporations in this process. ••-% V3;. ;• .4 In order to be effective, international agreements and measures must . ..-:-. , -'-I be supplemented by legislative and other measures at national *.'- *&:*•$ level. 4 „ 4. Prohibition of certain conventional weapons One way of promoting efforts to curb the international transfer of conventional weapons is to complement them by prohibitions on tha use or manufacture of certain weapon-types. Possibilities of prohibiting or restricting the use of certain excessively injurious or indiscriminate weapons, such as napalm and other incendiary weapons, certain blast and fragmentation weapons and small-calibre projectiles, are explored by the 1979 UN Conference and its two preparatory meetings of August-September 1978 and Match-April 1979, respectively. The Conference may also draw upon the preparatory work carried out at the 1974-77 Diplomatic Conference on humanitarian law and two expert meetings in 1974 and 1976. Besides being the first disarmament conference since the Second World war devoted to conventional weapons, the 1979 UN Conference is also the first disarmament conference directly arranged by the UN who-re concrete limitations are within reach. \ \ - 22 - 5. MACHINERY OF DISARMAMENT NEGOTIATIONS 5.1. UN Disarmament Machinery The Special Session of the ON General Assembly devoted to disarmament carried out a number of significant reforms providing the dis- armament machinery with a more representative character. The distinction between deliberative and negotiating bodies wasj made more pronounced. The need for a stronger role Eor the UM'wau emphasized. Among the deliberative UN bodies, the General Assembly, the primary body, will act through the First Committee. The Disarmament Commission, as a subsidiary body, will consider elements of a comprehensive programme for disarmament as a part of the follow-up .-£ to the Special Session. The restructured Committee on Disarmament will be the main negotiating body. In general, it has been agreed that the UN should encourage bilateral and multilateral talks held outside its framwork and the world organization should be kept fully informed about these efforts. 5.2. Regional approaches Regional approaches to arms control and disarmament have coino more to the forefront as means to reach concrete results in special circumstances. The concepts of "nuclear-weapon-free aone" and "zone Of peace" have gained wide support but no concrete arrangements have been created. A notable exception is the Latin American nuclear- weapon-free zone. . -$ I • ;,* '""* s A leading, principle should be that there must not be any weapons •'*£'• not covered by negotiations. Where such is still the case, an effort should be made to correct the situation. This is a specially acute problem in Europe. ) To prevent the militarisation of Africa, reqional arms control could be a useful approach. Efforts should be continued to establish a nuclear weapon free zone in Africa. In addition to regional arrangements, subregional arms control measures are needed to take i.,to account all special circumstances and interests. - 23 - 5.3. Bilateral dlsarinnmont netjotiafcions The bilatornl cooperation between tlie United States and the Soviet Union will continue to be the central element in dis;mnament efforts. The SALT is an established institution which remains indispensable. In the future negotiations should cover all nuclear powers. Bilateral talks may bo useful also in local and rc-c|ional cjon- frontation in haltinq the arms race. -' • >l sui-i --j r \" - 24 - PART III RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY GROUP 1. Disarmament - strategy for the promotion of lasting peace and co-operation The achievement of lasting and just peace will become possible only when the structure of the international society is profoundly changed into a more democratic and equitable form. The promotjon of real disarmament is an essential element of this strategy. Equally important is the continued viability of the process of detente which can only be maintained by achieving new results in the political, military and economic spheres. The world needs a dynamic and goal-oriented strategy for directing national and international structures in a more peaceful and demilitarized direction. The Socialist International and its member parties must feel dis- appointed with the slow progress of detente in general and with stagnation in disarmament in particular. The arms race has continued and is again on the verge of new qualitative and quantitative leaps forward. The danger of East-West military con- frontation has not been eliminated, either in general or in Europe in particular. Armed conflicts keep erupting in various parts of the world. r.-« :'• Decisive steps in military detente and real reductions in the quantity and restrictions in tbe quality of armaments are essential for the progress of dStente. Democratic socialists must not spare their energy in efforts to create the political preconditions for Y'!' *! this new departure. The full amd active implementation of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe forms the backbone of political deteimte. In the field of disarmament, tftie focus has to be on the curtailment and dismantling of the new military technologies which constitute, because of their destablizing Sanctions, the most burning problem of the arms race. The escalation of the new technologies of destruction would have unprecedented ramifications in terms of the geographical extention of the arms race as well as detrimental : political and socio-economic ramsequences. •* -f •i . ! ^ - 25 - The prerequisite for a new succesful departure' is political restraint and control of the forces that maintain and accelerate the arms race. This will be possible only if the peoples of the world become conscious of the dangers posed by the arms race to their . personal security and well-being as well as to the world at large. The arms build-up has to be resisted by active propaganda for peace, disarmament and the true security created by them. Democratic socialists will not cease their efforts to achieve these aims which are essential elements of their everyday ideology. 2. The most urgent tasks in disarmament efforts ;.*. 2.1. Tgwards_general_and_comglete_disarrnament The ultimate goal of all efforts to halt and reverse the arms race is general and complete disarmament under effective international control. Democratic socialists appreciate every step towards arms control and arms limitation in the light of a comprehensive, long- term programme for disarmament. It is the joint responsibility of all nations to contribute to the - -V: x"> observance and implementation of this kind of comprehensive i:Ul. d •--' '-V>.4 ". '* ftn atmosphere of mutual trust and relaxation of tensions mutt be created and maintained in order to make progress in disarmament efforts. Hence all states should promote the openess of their military budgets and activities. In order to enhance mutual traast,, all parties concerned should : ,*.. contribute to effective verification of disarmament agreements, by international or national means, and by agreeing to on-site inspection if necessary. International co-operation in developing and improving methods of verification should be promoted. One important way to control the military sector could be budgetary limitation. Therefore new efforts must be made to overcome obstacles (e.g. concerning definitions) which so far have blocked this approach. International security can also be enhanced by preparing •efc. - 26 - comprehensive programmes for regional disarmament. Regional negotiations can greatly contribute to guaranteeing security at the lowest possible level of armaments and armed forces, as part of global disarmament efforts. 2.2. Disarmament_and_develoEnient Disarmament should not be divorced from development. Disarmament will relieve human and material resources to combat poverty, hunger, ignorance and other social injustices. International and national'plans must be urgently prepared for diverting resources, such as capital, human and natural resources and technology, from the armaments sector to development co- operation. '^ -'- .4; ' '• •". ••--> A minimum of five per cent of the capital formerly invested in f. ':V :.^rl"'v1 military procurements and the maintenance of armed forces and armaments should be used for additional development aid. The research potential released from the armaments sector should primarily be diverted into efforts to solve development problems. A special international fund should be established to finance various projects of converting resources from military purposes into social and economic development, especially in the least *; .< ; v .'.£ * i-'p developed countries. The main contributions to this fund should •::;?-: '';-ii • '• :^ come from the principal arms -producers and those maintaining major armed forces. 2.3. Nuclear_disarmament The USSR and the United States should continue their bilateral talks on the limitation of strategic nuclear arms. The further SALT agreements should lead to a reduction of the total number of nuclear weapons. Paralled to this the qualitative development of nuclear arms and their delivery systems should be effectively halted. Development production and dislocation of new strategic nuclear weapons should be limited by agreement. A new weapon system must be prohibited before it reaches the stage of deployment. - 27 - During the negotiations, all parties should refrain from developing and testing new arms and delivery systems. The Comprehensive Test Bari Treaty should be concluded as soon as possible, inter alia in order to resist the qualitative development of nuclear weapons. The Treaty should be permanent and cover all if nuclear tests and detonations, military as well as peaceful. The t •; CTB must be respected by all nuclear weapon states. The disarmament negotiations should be extended to deal, at appropriate fora, with all.nuclear weapons in the world. «*. The so called grey-area weapons in Europe should be considered by all parties concerned, att appropriate fora. ; -.4- The USSR and the United States should, within the SALT, agree to the limitation of their nuclear weapons with strategic functions in Europe, taking into a due consideration all such arms in the continent. France and the United Kingdom should find suitable ways to contribute to the limitation of strategic nuclear weapons, at both the European and the global level. All efforts should be made to include China in the negotiations for the limitation of nuclear weapons. Agreements, global and regional, on the reduction of tactical nuclear weapons should be concluded by the nuclear powers, with .:.- •• .' due participation of the states on whose territories such weapons are stationed. The nuclear powers should agree on refraining from developing and - '.:| deploying new types of tactical nuclear arms. Any developments il tending to blur the distinction between nuclear and conventional ; -^ weapons should be blocked. Strengthening the security of non-nuclear powers against nuclear weapons is also of special inBiortance for non-proliferation. All, nuclear powers should give internationally binding guarantees not \= to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear powers. The establishment of nuclear-weapon-free zones and zones of peace. . -'•"* - 28 - aiming at enhancing the security of the states'concerned, should be furthered on the basis of tho joint will and co-operation. In Latin America, the provisions of the Tlatelolco Treaty, establishing the nuclear-weapon-free Eone in the region, must be fully respected by all states. In Europe, the continent with the heaviest concentration of nuclear weapons, the aim must be gradual reduction and total elimination of these deployments. The declared intencions and interests of the states in Africa, the Middle East,•certain regions in Asia, and the Southern Pacific should lead to the implementation of denuclearization. 2.4. Non-2EQliferatign_gf_nuclear_weaggns The danger of the spread of nuclear weapons forms a threat to world peace. It is vital to strengthen the non-proliferation regime of co-operation, controls and restraints. The Treaty on the Non- proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) i-s the basis of this work ""• '* \ H2- and it should be made universal. The IAEA safeguards should be .•'.--- '*•: :! • - :.'•— ^. improved. :&4- ,-i"*l The supplier states should reach agreement not to deliver peaceful nuclear technologies and materials to non-nuclear powers which have refused to accept international full-scope safeguards for all their nuclear activities or which are suspected of violating their non-proliferation obligations. Sensitive nuclear technologies should be available to non-nuclear powers (not now possessing these technologies indigeniously) exclusively through international institutions on a non- discriminatory basis. As a reciprocal measure, nuclear powers should place all their peaceful nuclear activities under IAEA safeguards. They•should also enter negotiations for the cessation of the production of fission- able material for weapons purposes. All states should have equal and non-discriminatory access to the benifits and potentials of peaceful nuclear technology. The role of the IAEA and other international institutions should be strengthened in international nuclear co-operation. - 29 - 2.5. Conventional_weagons_and_their_transfer In curbing the conventional arms race, a ceiling should first be placed on particularly heavy and offensive weapon systems. Categories of conventional weapons that are particularly enjurious or that have indiscriminate effects, such as incendiary weapons and new types of blast and fragmentation weapons should be prohibited. The participants in the Vienna talks should conclude the first agreement without delay. A meeting at ministerial level should be convened to speed up this process. In the second agreement, the area of reductions should be extended and further emphasis should be placed on the reduction of various categories of armaments. Talks on the mutual reduction of forces and armaments in Central Europe should be continued and should be seen as a long term process aiming at a more secure Europe. At the second CSCE follow-up meeting in Madrid, the consideration of measures aiming at strengthening confidence and security in 'fig- . •> Europe should be given a high priority. A special conference to further develop these confidence building measures should be convened. These efforts should be seen in the light of other measures aimed at strengthening military detente in the continent. There cannot be true peace where colonialism, exploitation and outside intervention in the affairs of nations and regions continue as is the case in Africa. Africa must be kept free from great power rivalry. In the Middle East, all efforts must be directed towards a comprehensive settlement of the conflict. The establishment of • .-;* :- peace must be accompanied by a determined effort to lower the level of armaments in this area. In preventing the further spread of conventional weapons, the USSR and the United States should agree on the principles of limiting arms transfers without delay. The bilateral -negotiations between the USSR and the United States should be extended to include all major suppliers and recipient countries. They should agree upon the limitation and reduction of trade and transfers of conventional weapons. •06- - 30 - Recipient countries should co-operate within a'regional framework to promote the limitation of arms transfer and thus to strengthen their own security and to save resources for social and economic development. The security of recipient countries agreeing on voluntary limitat- ions of arms import should be guaranteed. The role of the United Nations must be strengthened, inter alia, in the field of notification of arms transfers. 3. The role of SI and its member parties Each social democratic party must prepare an action programme for the promotion of arms control and disarmament, to be used in political activities at the national level. Bach social democratic party should carry out or take an initiative for a nation-wide information campaign for d§tente and disarmament and development, together with other NGO's working for peace and disarmament. Social democratic parties should provide training, alone or together with fraternal parties* experts in disarmament. The educational organizations of the parties should include study of the problems of disarmament iai their programmes. The military sector of societies must be, as a whole, subjected to democratic control. The follow-up and control of military activities must be extended to all military expenditure, arms production, the arms trade and ^transfer and military research and development. For this purpose the establishment of new represent- - ..* ative institutions, e.g. national arms control boards should be furthered. '.xi; Alternative plans for guaranteeing employment for workers in the military sector during the ..process of disarmament must be prepared. These plans for conversion of production and services should.be prepared in co-operation with national and local trade unions. • * National programmes for training personell for basic education, information, research and governmental services in the field of disarmament should be prepared and implemented. ' &\| .»'"•'* 'f.? r~ - 31 - 4. Appeal for international co-operation (Contains a short appeal for the individuals, groups, organizations, parties and states committed to the cause of international peace. and security to strive for the common goal, the halting of anus race and the general and complete disarmament.) - .. "--a 7 August 1979 _ P. Ales; lent -.-••. *dc£ -„ A.635 UK3-020J 2-441 i semes only: 2m^w[ .••/,::••,"« ' A,.::-,, i ft. • '(ETAT.~J /i')dt<;s.'. : BHATIONS ... — — i.—.— SEW YOEK GVA.QA753- i SECCSN AND SYTESKO FROM JAIPAL IBFOs CEimUS FOR DISARMiMENT i, AT TODAY'S 4STS MEETING REPRESENTATIVE OF'i EGYPT MADE STATEMENT OH NUCLEAR TEST BAH. i • i - • RECALLING ESUtANT GENEHAL ASSEMBLY RESOLUTIONS REQUESTING CD TO UNDERTAKE NEGOTIATIONS I OH SUBJECT, DfDICAESD THAT CD HAD GIVEN TOP PRIORITY ASD URGED NEGOTIATING POWERS AT LEAST TO SUBMIT REPORT OH STATS OF NEGOTIATION BEFORE END OF 1979 SESSION. POINTED OUT THAT REPORT RECEIVED WAS SHOES OF EXPECTATIONS AND NO DIF2EREHT FROM PREVIOUS i REPORT RECEIVED A YEAR EARLIER. THIS GAVE CAUSE FOR CONCERN. EXPRESSED DISAPPOINTMEHT •I ' WITH CONTHraSD JNUCLEAR TESTS. -. CHAIRMAN AD HOC GROUP ON SECURITY GUARANTEES INTRODUCED REPORT OF GROUP (CD/4?) WHICH RECOMMSSDED 'IHAT COMMITTEE SHOULD CONTINUE IHiiGOTIATICiJS ON SECURITY ARRMIGEHEaTS AT 1980 SESSION. ^PJiPRS3Sli(TATIVS OF INDIA STATED HIS SUPPORT WAS WITHOUT PREJUDICE TO POSITION HIS DELEGATION MIGHT TAKE AT FORTHCOMING SESSION OF GENERAL-ASSEMBLY. PAKISTAN >- SUPPORTED THE REPORT AND REITERATED THAT dTERNATlONAL CONVENTION REMAINED HOST SUITABLE FOHM FOR SECURITY GUARANTEES. STRESSINa IMPORTANCE OF WORK OF 3SE AD HOC GROUP, PROPOSED EXTENSION OF ITS MANDATE BY CD AT BEGINNING OF ITS 1980 SESSION. SWEDEN FELT THAT AGREaMSST'ON COMMON AND COORDINATED ASSURANCES WAS NECESSAHY BEFORE SUITABLE FOHM FOR GUARANTEES: COULD BE CONSIDERED. REGARDING REPORT OP' GOVERNMENTAL EXPERTS ON SEISMIC ( -i EVENTS CD APPROVED REPORT OF TEE GUDUP (CD/43) 1I1D SWEDISH PROPOSAL (CD/46), TO O; -t r » A1tOtm4.it only; '»'•••/ nui-T- ,•'«•:. 15 i i--:ii.- i • . i . :i. !•••. J !• ..;:.(. ' ! otieri' 7 v / (7 i . j ! | k % ••' i -i c t3 . ' i j j «. / ;'% •" j.-_^ " -)iilj^ jC • •'••'-. " ." ' '" -...._ ... ..y. - f^- -"<. T~"l Address; - 2.-. ; TEXT '.'Tyyed in c«oitate afa oouDie spaced: i EXTEHD ITS HAIIDATE, AS WELL AS JAPANESE PROPOSAL TO UJVUE WKO TO COHTIIJOE TO PARTICIPATE HTWQHK OF TEE GRODP. • AT INFORMAL MEETINGS HELD 6 AND 7 ATOUST, CD BEGAN COUSH&RIH& TBS DRAFT OF ITS AMTCTAL REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY EXPECTED TO BS COMPLETED FRIDAY, 10 AUGUST, CONFIDENTIAL Note for the file £mbassador Thunborg of Sweden called in his capacity as Chairman of the Expert Group on Nuclear Weapons and referred to the difficulty faced in the Group as a result of the non-participation of the nuclear-weapon states in its work. The first meeting of the Group, which was held recently in New York, Had made a good beginning and agreed upon a synopsis of their eventual report. The Group would now very much like to have the benefit of contributions from the Super Powers and other nuclear-weapon states. The Group also wished to avoid a situation where, later in the year, these countries could say that they had never been approached for help. He wondered if the Secretary-General might not find it possible to send a communication to these countries to request them to extend their co-operation to the Group. I told the Ambassador that I, personally, saw no difficulty in a low-key approach to these countries but had to check into the matter with Mr. Corradini. It may, perhaps, be necessary to have the Ambassador write a letter along the lines of his request before action could be initiated in the Secretariat. Mr. Corradini confirmed to me that this would, indeed, be required and I asked him to contact the Ambassador and advise him accordingly. Rafeeuddin Ahmed 25 July 1979 CONFIDENTIAL Note for the file Ambassador Thunborg of Sweden called in his capacity as Chairman of the Expert Group on Nuclear Weapons and referred to the difficulty faced in the Group as a result of the non-participation of the nuclear-weapon states in its work. The first meeting of the Group, which was held recently in New York, had made a good beginning and agreed upon a synopsis of their eventual report. The Group would now very much like to have the benefit of contributions -from the Super Powers and other nuclear-weapon states. The Group also wished to avoid a situation where, later in the year, these countries could say that they had never been approached for help. He wondered if the Secretary-General might not find it possible to send a communication to these countries to request them to extend their co-operation to the Group. I told the Ambassador that I, personally, saw no difficulty in a low-key approach to these countries but had to check into the matter with Mr. Corradini. It may, perhaps, be necessary to have the Ambassador write a letter along the lines of his request before action could be initiated in the Secretariat. Mr. Corradini confirmed to me that this would, indeed, be required and I asked him to contact the Ambassador and advise him accordingly. Rafeeuddin Ahmed 25 July 1979 * V AF/bg - cc: bf: RA/AR/FMG/GMM/JPB/AKD File: Disarmament 25 July 1979 My dear colleague, I wish to thank you for your letter of 12 July 1979 and for the most valuable information which you provided on the activities of the Committee on Disarmament at the second part of its 1979 session. I very much appreciate your keeping me informed oS the developments which have taken place and look forward to hearing from you again regarding the future work of the Committee. With warm regards, Yours sincerely, Kurt Waldheim Mr. Rikhi Jaipal Secretary of the Committee on Disarmament Geneva . L .'1 OFFICE DES NATIONS UNIES A GENEVE ffi$iOT UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA Talegrammes: UNATIOHS, GENEVE Talex: 22.212 on 22.344 A ^ \ "* _ h / CH - 1211fiENEV E1 0 Telephone: 346011 334000 332000 331000 REF.NO:NO. i fl-4 ^x- /JK^ " / is July 197^ (a rappelerdan s la rtponse) *^ \/r*' ,.-- JTlKl /pj'' PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL M Dear Mr. Secretary-General, il VU/™ As you know, the first part of the session (February-April 1979) produced no more than the rules of procedure and its work programme, but that in itself was quite a notable achievement for the Committee on Disarmament, considering its difficult transition from the former CCD with two co-chairmen and no rules of procedure. The current and second part of the session, however, has begun to tackle the complex substantive questions. Decisions are taken by consensus and at the moment "consensus" is being interpreted in practice as unanimity. In course of time I hope its interpretation becomes flexible enough to permit "consensus" to mean absence of opposition. The former two co-chairmen, the USA and USSR, are gradually adapting themselves to the changed situation. There is a new momentum in the Committee, evidenced by the large number of proposals brought before it and also by the increasing interest in participation displayed by several non-members, mainly Vest Europeans. The Socialist countries have been rather more active than others and have put forward so far four working papers on nuclear disarmament, chemical weapons, security guarantees for non-nuclear weapon states, and new types of weapons of mass destruction. A new feature of the Committee's work is the practice of holding informal meetings without records, somewhat like the Security Council in New York. These meetings are more interesting, because there are frank exchanges of views; questions are put and answers provided; clarifications are sought and given; and generally speaking, the ground is prepared for taking formal decisions. At a more informal level there are "consultations", at which the exchanges of views are even more free and frank. One must con- clude that, procedurally speaking at least, the Committee has made a good beginning. The position of Romania deserves special mention. Although formally still a part of the Socialist group, Romania seems to be drifting towards the Group of 21, whose meetings it has been attending. It remains to be seen, however, whether this trend will continue. His Excellency Dr, Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations Headquarters New York, N.Y. 1001? Offlc* dos Nations Unies A Geneve - United Nations OKIce at Geneva Page ..2. Romania has been acting somewhat independently, though cautiously, and has sometimes found itself ouc of step with the Socialist Group. It had proposed that interested non-members might be permitted to sit in and observe the working group dealing with security guarantees for non-nuclear weapon states. This was initially strongly opposed by the Socialist group on the grounds that it might constitute an inconvenient precedent. However, the Socialist group eventually did not press its objections to the point of preventing a consensus from emerging in favour of the Romanian proposal. There was a curious happening;-in connection with the SALT II Treaty. The USA and USSR had jointly tabled this Treaty on the 27th of June, together with the joint statement of principles and guidelines and the joint communique. A few days later, on the 2nd of July, the USA alone sub- mitted for circulation certain additional documents concerning agreed statements and common understandings between the USA and USSR on purely military matters, such as numbers of strategic offensive arms and other details of a military nature. Apparently, the Delegation of the USSR had sought instructions from Moscow to submit these additional documents jointly with the USA, but was told not to do so. It seems that the Russian texts of these common understandings of a military character were not pub- lished in the Soviet Union, and hence the note of caution. As a result, these additional documents are being circulated in all the working languages, except Russian. In my next letter I shall give you a run-down of the latest position regarding the items engaging the attention of the Committee on Disarmament. Yours sincerely, (Rikhi Jaipal) AKU/MS bf: AR/FMG/GMM/j File: Disarmament xRef: Canada cc: SGt 5 July 1979 Dear Mr. Ambassador, On behalf and in the absence of the Secretary-General, I should like to acknowledge your letter of 28 June 1979 concerning the post of Director of the Centre for Disarmament. I wish to assure you that I will bring the letter to the Secretary-General's attention upon his return to Headquarters and that due note shall be taken of its concents. :, vPlease accept, Mr. Ambassador/ the assurances of my highest consideration. Rafeedddin Ahmed Chef de cabinet His Excellency Mr, William H. Barton Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations New York \\ 'pmttsttmtt JfttsMmt uf Jm tu RECEIVED : NEW YORK, June 28, 19 '; 9 tg? My dear Secretary-General, I am writing to you at the request and on behalf of a number of Western countries who consult regularly on disarmament matters. In view of the political sensitivity of such questions, I am sure you will appreciate the importance we attach to the maintenance of a geographical balance with respect to senior Secretariat posts in this area. We are aware, specifically, that Dr. Alessandro Corradini will be retiring in the near future from his post as Director of the Centre for Disarmament and we assume that thought is being given to his replacement. In this context, I have been asked to convey to you our strong conviction that, taking into account the nationality of the other senior Secretariat officials concerned with disarmament. Dr. Corradini's successor should come from a Western country. I believe that there are already several strong Western candidates for the position and I am sure that more names will be submitted in the near future. In making this point, we are fully conscious of the importance of maintaining a competent and harmonious leadership for the United Nations' activities in the field of disarmament. Thus it would seem desirable that the views of the incoming . /2 H.E. Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General of the United Nations New York, N.Y. 10017 -2- Assistant Secretary-General, Mr. Jan Martensson, should also be obtained. Accordingly, we trust that no formal decision as to Dr. Corradini's replacement will be taken prior to Mr. Martensson 's induction into office and that the views of the Western countries I represent will be fully taken into account. Yours sincerely, W. H. Barton Ambassador and Permanent Representative v. ' AR/JEB cc: Mr.Bjornerstedt and b/f: RA /Mr.Stajduhar Orig : Mr . Gazar ian File: Czechoslovakia XRef: 34th GA (Request for inclusion of a new item on the agenda: Declaration on International Co- operation aimed at obtaining the objectives of disarmament) TSTOTE FOR THE FILE The attached letter from the Foreign Minister of the- CSSR asking for the inclusion of a new item on the agenda of the Thirty-fourth General Assembly was handed by the Permanent Representative of the CSSR, Ambassador Hulinsky, to the Secretary-General on 20 June 1979. Ambassador Hulinsky asked that appropriate measures regarding circulation of the request be taken by the Secretariat. une 1979 MINISTR ZAHRANICNlCE VSCf CESKOSLOVENSK& SOCIALISTIC^ REPVBLIK2 V Prase dne /S*cervna 1979 Vdzeny pane generdln-C tajemn-Cku^ mdm cest Vdm ozndrrri.t3 ze Seskoslovenskd soc-ial-ist-iokd republika navrhuje zafad-it do program* XXXIV. zaseddn-i Vdlneho shromdzden-C Organ-izaae spojerujch ndrodu otdzku "Prijet-C Deklc&aes o mez-Lndyodn-C spolupvde-i pro dosazent ctlu Nawhuj-Ca k projedndht Valnemu shromdzden-C OSN tuto otdzku, Ceskoslovenskd soe-ia.1-isti.Gkd repiibl-ika -oyehdz-C z ndsledud-Cc-Ceh itvah: • Prvofadym ukolem mez-indrodn-Cho spo1e5enstv-C3 jak bylo nejednou zd&razneno -i na foru OSN je dosdhnout uSinnehb fesen-C nalehavych otdzek 3 •» amezen-C zbrojent a odzbvojen-C. Co nejrychlegs'C dosdzen-C -t^chto otlu povazuje SSSE za zdkladn-C pfedpoklad k zaj-isten-C trvaleho mez-indrodn-Cho rrrCru a bezpeonost-i pro vseahny ndrody, - Dosavadnt Hs-il-C v tomto smeru jiz pr-ineslo, Jak zndmo3, nektere d&lezite poz-it-ivnt vysledky3 ke kterym se v teehto dneah rad-C nova mimofddhe vyznamnd dohoda mezi, Sovetskym svazem a Spojenymi stdty o amezen-C strateg-iGkyoh utoonyah zbran-i. •» Jeho Exeelence Dr. Kurt Waldheim generdlnt tajernntk Organizace spojenych ndrodu New York vsestranne projedndna na nej sirs-Cm foru Organizace spojenych ndrodu. Projedndnt t£to otdzky na XXXIV. zaseddn-C Valneho shromdzdSnt QSN by n&lo vyustit v prijet-C Deklarace o mezindrodn-C spoluprdci pro dosazen-C o-Clu odzbvojen-C. Tato deklaraae by mohla predstavovat sveho druhu politioky kodex principti a provide!, ohovdn-C stdtu pri odzbrojovactch jedndn-ioh, jdkoz i, zdsadj kterynri. by se mely stdty ttdrlt -a jsj-ioh pttstupu k us-innemu fesen-£ otdzek odzbrojen-i a pfi, yoztyC^en-C kanstruktivn-C spoluprdee • v tomto smeru. Podle ndzox>u ESSR by deklarace nela pfedevs-Cm zduraznit3 se vlddy vsech stdtu sveta nesou histor-ickou odpovednost za vymycen-C vdlky ze zivota, clovekaj a to pfedevstm cestou sjedndn-C ueinnyeh a roshodnyoh opatfent v oblasti odzbrojenf, smefujicteh k vseobecnemu a uplnemu odzbrosent pod pp-Csnou a ue-innou'mezindrodn-i kontrolou. Deklaraae by mela slavnostne vyzvat vsechny stdty, dby aktivne napomdhaly rozvoj-Cs upevnovdnt a prohlubovdnt mezindrodn-C spoluprdoe pro dosazen-i atlu. odzbTcojen-i,'3 maj'Coe no. zfetel-i. svyahovanou dti.l&zitost nastolen-C a zaj-Lsten-C pevneho a spravedliveho mfcm -oe svete pro soucasnd i, b'udouc^ pokolent. - /^~ Stdty by s ttmto ctlem mely vyvtjet rozhodne iniciativy ve smeru zastaven-f dals-Cho horecneho zbvojen-C a prijet-C novyeh vyzncumych opatfen-C • na pol-i odzbrojen-f., jes by napomohly dosazen-C velkeho -idedlu l-idstva — - vSeobecneho a tiplnehoodzbrojent . ' » Stdty by mely tez aktivne vyuztvat sveho bezvyhradneho prdva ziZSastnit se jedndn-C o odzbTCOJen-Cy potvrzeneho v Zdverecnem dokumentu desdteho . zvldstn-£ho zaseddn-C Valneho shromdzden-C OSPJ venovaneho odzbvojen-C a poative v£st tato jedndnt s vyuzittm vsech existuj-ictoh i, budouc-iah p&£lez-i.tost-£ a jednac-ioh platforem. Je rovnez dulezite3 dby stdty neodmCtaly siicastnovat se opatren-C v dblasti odzbrosen-C a rtdtee se nejvyss-Zrrri. zdjmy mezindvodn-Cho rrrfru a bezpecnosti, v souladu s Chartou OSN3 aktivne. k n-im prisptvaly, • primevene svetm vojsnskemu3 ekonomickerm .n politickemu potencidlu. j Dosazen-C rozhodndho pfelomu v jedndn-C o odzbvojen-i tes vyzaduje, aby stdty odpovedne a v pozit-ivn-im duahu vzajerme spolupvdce posuzovaly vseahny konstrnktivn-C ndvrhy a inisiativy3 jez majt za oil, napomoci dosazent hmatatelnyoh a vzdjemne prijatelnych "konkretn-ioh opatfent na poli odzbrojent a prispSt k wychlen-C postupu na odzbrojovacTtoh jedndbvCch. Deklaraae by mela vovnez znovu potvrd-it zdsadu, ze otdzky odzbvojent by mely byt feseny takovym zpusobem, aby v dusledku pf-ijatych opatfen-C nebyla poskozena oi, ohrozena bezpecnost zddneho stdtu uoastn-Co-Cho se jednan-C, ale aby naopak byla pos-ilena bezpecnost celeho mezindrodn-iho spoleoenstvC'.' Pfijett takovd deklaraee by sehydlo poz-it-Lim-C uLohu -i pf-i. uvdden-C do zivota etlu,, ktere byty jednomyslne vytyceny na desdtem zvldstn'tin zaseddn-C Valneho shromdzden-i OSN venovanem odzb-rojen-C a pftspelo by k nastolent pf-izn-i-vych podmCnek pro jejieft praktickou veal-izaei, Pfi vypvaeovdn-C deklavace by Value shromdzden-C OSN mohlo tez skrnout3 konkretizovat a rozvvnout ustanoven-C vztahTAJtct se k temto otdzkdm, ktevd jsou obsazena ~i v jinyah zdkladn-Cch dokumenteoh mezindrodn-iho spolecenstvt. Seskoslovenskd soo-ial'ist-iGkd pepnbl-i.ka3 vyohdzej-ic z teahto uvah, pvedloz-i text ndvrhu Deklaraee o mezindrodn-C spoliipyda-i pro dosazen-C ctlu odzbrojent_ v prtibehu XXXIV. zaseddn-C Vdlneho shromdzdent OSN. Pros-urn VdSj, pane genevdln-C tajerm-Cku^ dbyste tento dopis povazoval za vysvetlujtot memorandum v souladu s pravidlem 20 jednactho rddu ValneTio shvomdzden-C OSN a abyste jej roseslal jako of-Ca-Ldln-C dokwnent XXXIV. zaseddn-C Valneho shromdSdem . OSN. 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' • " peiiMTejibHoro noBopOTa B neperofeopax o paso- TaKse TpedyeT, ^Todn rocyflapCTBa c nojinoii HOCTBK H B II03HTKBHOM ,nyxe BSaHMHOPO COTpy^HtieCT BaJIH JHOdHe HOHCTpyKTHEHHe npeflJIOffieHHff H HHHE;KaTHEHf I^eJIB KOTO pSIX COCTOHT B TOM, ^TOdH COfleftCTEOBaTB flOCTHaceHMffl OffiyTKlMHX H B3awMonpK8MJieMHX KOHKpeTHHX Mep B ofijiacTM paaopyxeHHH H cnocoCcTBOsaTB ycKopeHHOijy npoflBioceHKio snepefl neperosopOE no dHJia dn TaKace EHOBB corjiacHO KOTOpowy Eonpocn pasopyseHHH neodxoflHMo peniaTB odpasoM, ^TOdH B pesyjiBTaTe npuKFTHX Mep desonacHOGTH KaKoro-jiwdo rocy^apCTEav y^acTByioj^ero E neperosopax, He CHJI HaneceH ymepd H ona He dnjia nocTaBJiena no# yrposy, a deaonac- HOCTB scero Me2y^yHapo,rpioro coodn^eCTBa, HanpoTHB, dHJia yKpen- TaKoro pofla flemiapauHH cnrpaJio 6u CBOB nojio- pOJIB H B ^6^6 npeTBOpeHHff B atHSHB Safla^I, eflMHO- Ha flecHToft Cne^aJiBHoii ceccm* PeHepaJiBHoft AccawdJieH OOH, nocBHmeHHOii paaopyateHMio, H co^eiicTEOBajio 6u dJiaronpuHTHHX ycjiosHfi fljin MX npaKTH^ecKoii JlpH EHpadoTKe flemiapanHH FeHepaJibHan AccaMtfjietf OOH 6tt E TO JKe EpeMH 0(5o6niMTbf KOHKpeTMSHpOBaTb H paSEHTb KacaKUjKectf yKaaaHHux BonpocoE, KOTopne co^ep- H B flpyrux OCHOBHHX flonyMeHTax Mejs^yHapo.itHoro cood- PecnydjrwKa, coofipaxeHHHMH, npeflCTasHT B xo#e XXXlY-ft ceccm AccaM(5jien OOH npoeKT J^eKJiapaujMH o B i^ejinx pasopyxeHHH. Ilponiy Bac, rocnoj^H FeHepajibHHft CeKpeiapb, HacTOflmee nwcbMo KaK ofi-BHCHHTeJibHyK) saniicKy B COOTEST- CTBKH c npaEHJiOM 20 EpaEHJi npoi^e,n!ypH FeHepaJibHoK OOH H pacnpocTpaHHTb ero B KaqecTBe o^mpiaJibHoro XXXiy ceccHH FeHepaJibHoli AccaMdjieH OQH* | Borycjias XHEyilEK Department of Public Information - Press Section Unsted Nations, New York SG/SM/2736 DC/1155 19 June 1979 SECRETARY-GENERAL WELCOMES SALT II SIGNING Following is a statement made by a United Nations spokesman today on behalf of Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim: The Secretary-General v?el comes the signing in Vienna of the SALT II treaty by the leaders of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America. Although the main thrust of SALT II is to limit strategic arms levels between the two major nuclear Powers, its significance will be world-wide if, as is to be hoped, it constitutes a step in halting, and eventually reversing, the nuclear arms race. It is equally to be hoped that SALT II may pave the way for a more effective approach to the disarmament problem in general and nuclear disarmament in particular, as called for by the United Nations. For information media - not an official record General Romulo confirmed his appointment for 5 ptn on Tuesday, 19 June. He will present the progress report of the Group of Experts on Disarmament and International Security of which he is the Chairman and will bring a member of the UN Disarmament Secretariat with him, Amb. Yango said. Regarding the kind luncheon invitation by the SG, the General asked whether he could have a rain-check in the hope that an opportunity may arise when he comes back to New York in September. He now has to leave for Manila Thursday morning (21 June) to get some rest in Manila before going off • .-. *,•'••. —. to the ASEAN Foreign Minister's meeting '. / *?."•• • £:?•»•;'-'.•' in Bali. •^-'i-»:;.v?Sv 18-VI It* i^-'V 1m •:l*»v:---;: - •••%"••r^-'-.- ^ '•• •:: .-xtm--- , •••-•.^:» •s ••"" - ^-. •.. . v • -. . >'. '> '- • * ;-. *y I/ $-£^(&?-?s>~&t.__„.- OFFICE DES NATIONS UNIES A GENEVE Mtii*&M UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT GENEVA Telegrammes: UNATIONS, GENEVE Palais des Nations Telex: 28 9696 CH -1211 GENEVE 10 Telephone: 346011 310211 REF. N°: U 15 June 1979 (a rappeler dans la rSponse) PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL r* - *>- ; Dear Secretary-General, After discussions with Ambassador Fisher of the USA and Ambassador Issraelyan of the USSR I wish to inform you that it is the intention of their two governments to submit during the summer session of the Committee on Disarmament a draft convention on radiological weapons. The timing of the submission would probably be some time in July, i.e. after the conclu- sion of the SALT II agreement and the discussion of that agreement in the CD. The reaction of CD members is decidedly lukewarm in that the importance of such an agreement is generally considered as second rate. The probable reaction of the Committee will therefore be to refer in-depth consideration of the draft text until its 1980 session and to transmit it to the thirty- fourth session of the General Assembly as part of the annual report of the Committee. It could then be expected that the co-sponsors and like-minded delegations would seek a mandate of the Assembly requesting the Committee to negotiate a draft convention on that subject. In practice one may there- fore expect a finalised agreement during the 1980 session of the CD. Yours sincerely, 'R. Bjornerstedt Assistant Secretary-General Centre for Disarmament Mr. Kurt ¥aldheim Secretary-General United Nations <• • r* i v < * > CARLOS P. RCm-LO tflLL PI IP! ':H?YOR;< TTT y<~FK" . j!^£, m VQULQ APPHECIATE ^': auDisrCi yiin you TO FRES£?rr THE P»Or«?ESS PFPORT OF 7 HE G?OUP OF EXPATS ON A?8 nTEP^TIO^L SECURITY OF WHICH HE 1$ CKfllR.l.flP. CE^ER* COLLD F£ COW ACTED THROUGH IKE P-flLlPPl *'£ «ISSIOf IN WEWYORK CH. FJOP"'-:1?.^^ CCL O/A3512 16 [ FIVE --\ D ACTION COMPLETED [ INITIALS 1.- I Rs^urn to Records Centra! *t:n 2074, —t* y* ~~s f ' fjf ~ -^ tf* ^-t-x^-i»-«ji-' r~».. T~I x. t : 1 ) r.-,r. -?>.* . ^.- ,^-••••-,. ' *. - -*••.'• . .. ^.—rtt>.-,.>••• ^ • •_.r _ i- •--~• _ . . . -4• .• ~ . * '. • r- ,f ' ~' * • a ;' • *v NNNN ZCZCDAL2394 NAL4312 POM0429 SS NYK .GENEVA CDISARMAM) 131438 QJA3612 SECRETARY-GENERAL FOREIGN MINISTER, CARLOS P. ROMULO WILL BE I N MEWYORK THE WEEK BEGINNING IS JUNE. HE WOULD APPRECIATE AN AUDIENCE WITH YOU TO PRESENT THE PROGRESS -REPORT OF THE GROUP OF EXPERTS ON DISARMAMENT * AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY OF WHICH HE IS CHAIRMAN. GENERAL ROMULO COLLD BE CONTACTED THROUGH THE PHILIPPINE MISSION IN NEWYORK (R. BJORNERSTEDT) COL GVA3S12 IS = 06131503 INFO COPY FILE NO. = 06131507 • v'••-.. > ,': *; *-' ••• EE3TA NITED NATIONS Distr. L ~~ GEMBA1 G E N E R A S^^ ?^fflk A/CN-W)/nO'.2/Aad June .} A S S E M B L Y KHgzWjj ^ 1979 ^§5:•^^ EKG1IBH OHLY DISARMAMENT COMMISSION LIST OF DELEGATIONS United Republic of Cameroon H.E. Mr. Ferdinand Leopold Oyono Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative to the United Nations Mr. Gaspard Towo Atangana Second Counsellor Permanent Mission United States of America Mr. Matthew Daley Adviser - Arms Control and Disarmament Agency 79-1589?