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Geo Image (Spatial-Ecological-Regional) Geo Image 3 (1) (2014) Geo Image (Spatial-Ecological-Regional) http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/geoimage DAYA SAING WILAYAH DAN SEKTOR UNGGULAN SEBAGAI PENENTU PUSAT PERTUMBUHAN BARU ORDE II DI KABUPATEN PURWOREJO Robingatun Rahma Hayati, Ariyani Indrayati Jurusan Geografi, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia Info Artikel Abstrak ________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Sejarah Artikel: Peningkatan daya saing wilayah menjadi salah satu faktor dalam pengembangan Diterima Oktober 2013 (ekonomi) wilayah. Daya saing wilayah merupakan kemampuan ekonomi dan masyarakat lokal Disetujui Oktober 2013 (setempat) untuk memberikan peningkatan standar hidup bagi warga penduduknya. Dengan sektor unggulan sebagai tolak ukur untuk daya saing wilayah. Sektor unggulan adalah sektor yang Dipublikasikan Juni memiliki keunggulan dan kemampuan yang tinggi sehingga bisa dijadikan harapan pembangunan 2014 ekonomi. Untuk menentukan hirarki kota di Kabupaten Purworejo. Penelitian ini bertujuan ________________ mengetahui hirarki kota dan tercapainya fungsi pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru, potensi sektor Keywords: unggulan serta daya saing wilayah dan menentukan arahan pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru di Competitiveness, quality Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pengolahan data sekunder. Dengan menggunakan metode Analisis sector, the Centre for New Hirarki Pelayanan menggunakan teknik Scalograme, sedangkan Analisis Sektor Unggulan Growth menggunakan teknik Location Quotiont (LQ), Analisis Laju Pertumbuhan menggunakan teknik Shift ___________________ Share. Objek penelitian ini adalah kelengkapan fasilitas dan sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Purworejo. Populasinya adalah semua wilayah kecamatan di Kabupaten Purworejo. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah fasilitas pelayanan dan sektor unggulan tiap kecamatan di Kabupaten Purworejo. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sudah terdapat kesesuaian antara hirarki dan fungsin kota. Arahan untuk pusat pertumbuhan baru berorde II di Kabupaten Purworejo ada di empat kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Banyuurip, Kecamatan Pituruh, Kecamatan Bruno dan Kecamatan Bayan. Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ Increasing the competitiveness of the region to be one factor in the development of (economic) territory. The competitiveness of the region and the economic capacity of the local community (local) to provide improved living standards for the citizens of its population. With the seed sector as a benchmark for the region's competitiveness. Dominant sector is the sector that has its advantages and capabilities that can be used as a high expectation of economic development. To determine the hierarchy of cities in Purworejo Regency This study aims to determine the hierarchy of the city and the achievement of the function of new growth centers , the potential of leading sectors and the competitiveness of the region and determine the direction of new growth centers in Purworejo. The method used is descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach to the processing of secondary data . By using the method Hierarchy Analysis Services using Scalograme techniques , while using techniques Sector Analysis Featured Location Quotiont ( LQ ) , Growth Analysis using shift share techniques . Object of this study is complete facilities and leading sectors in Purworejo. The population is all districts in Purworejo. The variables in this study are superior sector and service facilities in every district Purworejo . The result is an accordance with the hierarchy and function of cities . Referrals to the center of the new growth of order II in Purworejo in four districts , namely Banyuurip , Pituruh , Bayan and Bruno . © 2014 Universitas Negeri Semarang Alamat korespondensi: ISSN 2252-6285 Gedung C1 Lantai 1 FIS Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Robingatun / Geo Image 3 (1) (2014) PENDAHULUAN (setempat) untuk memberikan peningkatan standar hidup bagi warga penduduknya. Dengan sektor Indonesia yang tergolong sebagai negara unggulan sebagai tolak ukur untuk daya saing sedang berkembang, pada awal proses wilayah. Sektor unggulan adalah sektor yang pembangunan lebih condong untuk memilih atau memiliki keunggulan dan kemampuan yang tinggi mengarah pada strategi pembangunan ekonomi sehingga bisa dijadikan harapan pembangunan pertumbuhan dari pada pemerataan karena ekonomi. Untuk menentukan hirarki kota di keterbatasan modal. Pemilihan strategi tersebut Kabupaten Purworejo. Hirarki kota adalah bisa dilihat dari kebijakan-kebijakan dalam proses hubungan antar kegiatan yang berpengaruh pembangunan, pemerintah mendorang sektor terhadap pola pemanfaatan ruang, dalam skala industri menjadi sektor pemimpin (leading sector), wilayah dikenal dengan sistem kota atau orde kota sehingga bisa mendorong pertumbuhan sektor- berdasarkan skala pelayanannya. sektor lain. Selain itu dalam konteks spasial Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (ruang), dengan terbatasnya sumberdaya mengetahui hirarki kota dan tercapainya fungsi pembangunan maka kebijakan pembangunan yang pusat-pusat pertumbuhan, potensi sektor unggulan diambil adalah menentukan daerah-daerah serta daya saing wilayah dan menentukan arahan tertentu sebagai pusut-pusat pertumbuhan. pusat-pusat pertumbuhan baru di Kabupaten Sedangkan bagi yang bukan daerah Purworejo. pertumbuhan, dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan adalah terserapnya sumberdaya pembangunan METODE PENELITIAN (seperti modal dan tenaga kerja ahli) ke daerah pusat pertumbuhan. Akibatnya kegiatan ekonomi Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah terkonsentrasi (teraglomerasi) di daerah perkotaan analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif (pusat pertumbuhan), akibatnya trickle down effect dengan pengolahan data sekunder. Data yang yang diharapkan tidak tercipta. Fenomena tersebut digunakan adalah Purworejo Dalam Angka 2011. mengindikasikan tidak ada pergerakan Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Analisis pertumbuhan ekonomi dari pusat pertumbuhan Hirarki Pelayanan menggunakan teknik (kota) ke daerah bukan pusat pertumbuhan (desa), Scalograme, sedangkan Analisis Sektor Unggulan bahkan justru kesenjangan ekonomi antar daerah. menggunakan teknik Location Quotiont (LQ), Dengan kata lain, kebijakan pembangunan (Azis, 1993:3). Analisis Laju Pertumbuhan telah membentuk daerah-daerah nodal. Menurut menggunakan teknik Shift Share, (Tarigan, Arsyad, daerah nodal adalah daerah dianggap 2005:85). sebagai suatu ekonomi ruang yang dikuasai oleh satu atau beberapa pusat kegiatan ekonomi. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Fenomena terciptanya daerah nodal tidak hanya terjadi pada wilayah propinsi, tetapi juga terjadi Kota Purworejo dan Kutoarjo pada wilayah kabupaten atau kota, di mana telah berada pada posisi dan hirarki yang sesuai biasanya pusat kegiatan ekonomi terjadi di daerah dan menjadi motor penggerak atau pusat pusat kota, sedangkan daerah desa hanya akan pertumbuhan wilayah, namun pola struktur pola menjadi tempat penyedia tenaga saja. tata ruang tersebut belum mencapai kondisi yang Peningkatan daya saing wilayah menjadi optimal, khususnya karena lambatnya salah satu faktor dalam pengembangan (ekonomi) perkembangan wilayah di jalur utama (perbukitan) wilayah. Daya saing wilayah merupakan dan jalur selatan. Sedangkan daerah lain, kemampuan ekonomi dan masyarakat lokal khususnya hirarki-III dan IV kurang berkembang 3 Robingatun / Geo Image 3 (1) (2014) dengan baik. Kondisi ini menyebabkan tertariknya Variabel yang akan digunakan terdapat 33 (tiga aliran orang, barang, dan modal ke kota hirarki puluh tiga) fasilitas pelayanan yang telah yang hirarkinya lebih tinggi, sehingga semakin ditentukan peneliti sebagai acuan untuk mempersulit perkembangan wilayah berhirarki menganalisis. rendah. Untuk mengetahui tercapainya tujuan dalam penelitian menggunakan tiga analisis yang 2. Analisis Potensi Sektor Unggulan digunakan yaitu analisis Scalograme, analisis Analisis LQ (Location Quetiont) dalam Location Quotion (LQ) dan analisis Shift Share. penelitian ini digunakan untuk menghitung sektor Sebagai penjelasan analisis sesuai dengan tujuan basis maupun non basis untuk daya saing potensi penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: tiap kecamatan di Kabupaten Purworejo. Metode ini digunakan untuk mencari wilayah yang 1. Analisis Hirarki Kota mempunyai daya saing yang baik yaitu hasil Untuk mengetahui hirarki di Kabupaten potensi sektor (pertanian, pengalian dan Purworejo maka untuk mengolah data agar penambangan, industri pengolahan, hotel, air menjadi jelas, mudah dipahami dan minum, komunikasi), dengan perhitungan analisis diinformasikan, analisis yang digunakan dalam LQ (Location Quetiont) diperoleh hasil (LQ>1) penelitian ini adalah analisis deskritif dengan termasuk sektor basis, hasil potensi sektor non pendekatan kuantitatif yang berbasis kepada basis jika hasil perhitungan analisis LQ (Location analisis data sekunder. Basis data yang digunakan Quetiont) diperoleh (LQ<1) dan jika hasil adalah Purworejo Dalam Angka Tahun 2011. perhitungan analisis LQ (Location Quetiont) Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuntitatif diperoleh (LQ=1) ini berarti bahwa sektor i Analisis Hirarki Pelayanan dengan menggunakan terspesialisasi di daerah studi (kabupaten) maupun teknik Skalogram. daerah referensi (propinsi). Berdasarkan olah data Variabel dalam analisis ini antara lain data pada lampiran 89, sektor basis dan non basis kelengkapan fasilitas pelayanan
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