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Redalyc.Antigenotoxicity Protection of Carapa Guianensis Oil Against Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ISSN: 0001-3765 [email protected] Academia Brasileira de Ciências Brasil LEMES, SUSY R.; CHAVES, DWIGHT A.; DA SILVA JÚNIOR, NELSON J.; CARNEIRO, CRISTIENE C.; CHEN-CHEN, LEE; DE ALMEIDA, LUCIANE M.; GONÇALVES, PABLO J.; DE MELO-REIS, PAULO R. Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, vol. 89, núm. 3, 2017, pp. 2043-2051 Academia Brasileira de Ciências Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=32753602008 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2017) 89(3 Suppl.): 2043-2051 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201720150797 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal Antigenotoxicity protection of Carapa guianensis oil against mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide in mouse bone marrow SUSY R. LEMES1, DWIGHT A. CHAVES1, NELSON J. DA SILVA JÚNIOR1, CRISTIENE C. CARNEIRO2, LEE CHEN-CHEN2, LUCIANE M. DE ALMEIDA3, PABLO J. GONÇALVES4 and PAULO R. DE MELO-REIS1 1 Laboratório de Estudos Experimentais e Biotecnológicos, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás/PUC, Rua 232, 128, 3º andar, Sala 5, 74605-010 Goiânia, GO, Brazil 2 Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás/ UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil 3 Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual de Goiás/UEG, Unidade Universitária de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Caixa Postal 459, 75132-903 Anápolis, GO, Brazil 4 Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás/UFG, Campus-II, Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74690-900 Goiânia, GO, Brazil Manuscript received on November 6, 2015; accepted for publication on April 15, 2016 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective of C. guianensis oil against MMC and CP, which are direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, using the micronucleus test. Three experiments were performed. First the C. guianensis oil was co-administered to mice at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ kg bw with 4 mg/kg bw MMC or 50 mg/kg bw CP. Second, the mutagenic drug (CP) was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw and after 6 and 12 hours 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were administered. In the last, C. guianensis oil was administrated (250 and 500 mg/kg bw) during five days and after it was administered ip 50 mg/kg bw CP. The results obtained showed that the C. guianensis oil is not cytotoxic neither genotoxic to mouse bone marrow. Regarding the antimutagenic effect, all doses of C. guianensis oil were significantly (p < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, our results suggest that the C. guianensis oil shows medicinal potential as an antimutagenic agent, modulating the mutagenicity caused by both direct- and indirect-acting chemical mutagens, in a mammalian model. Key words: antigenotoxic, Carapa guianensis, micronucleus, oil. INTRODUCTION the folk use, the medicinal plants also are abundant sources of biologically active compounds, many of Medicinal plants have been used in folk medicine for a long time and they have played a promising which have been used as material to develop new role in the treatment and prevention of various pharmaceuticals products (Palombo 2011). Among human diseases (Al-Asmari et al. 2014). Besides of these compounds, there are phytochemicals with potential application as natural antigenotoxic Correspondence to: Susy Ricardo Lemes E-mail: [email protected] or antimutagens compounds. The antigenotoxic An Acad Bras Cienc (2017) 89 (3 Suppl.) 2044 SUSY R. LEMES et al. substances might prevent cancer because they could that are not included in the main daughter nuclei destroy mutagens in or out of body cells or block during nuclear division (Fenech et al. 1999). mutagens which damage DNA and cause mutation Thus, MN may arise from either DNA breakage in cells (Hong et al. 2011). Actually, a growing leading to acentric chromosome fragments or number of studies have identified different plants from chromosome/chromatin lagging in anaphase extracts with antigenotoxic potential, such as: (Fenech et al. 2011). The formation of MN is Mentha longifolia (Al-Ali et al. 2014), Dioscorea considered to be an effective biomarker of diseases pentaphylla (Prakash et al. 2014), Lilium candidum and processes associated with the induction of (Jovtchev et al. 2014), Eucalyptus Gunnii (Bugarin DNA damage (Garaj-Vrhovac et al. 2008, Yadav et al. 2014), Camellia sinensis (Bhattacharya and Jaggi 2015). et al. 2014), Curcuma longa (Liju et al. 2014), The aim of this study was to evaluate the Celtis iguanaea (Borges et al. 2013), Solanum antigenotoxic potential of different concentrations paniculatum (Vieira et al. 2013), Synadenium of of C. guianensis oil on mouse bone marrow cells, umbellatum (Melo-Reis et al. 2011), Ginkgo biloba to provide some clues about the preferential way (Vilar et al. 2009), and others. Thus, there has been of action that could occur when co-administered growing interest in finding and using natural plant with mitomycin C (MMC), a direct-acting agent products to reduce genotoxic and/or carcinogenic that does not require any molecular activation, or effects. cyclophosphamide (CP), an indirect-acting agent, Among the various plants used in folk which needs to be converted enzymatically to its medicine all over the world there is Carapa active metabolites. In addition, we evaluate the guianensis. In Brazil, it is known as Andiroba, antigenotoxic effect of pos and pre-administration Carapa or Carapinha (Corrêa 1984). The specie has of C. guianensis oil in animals exposed to CP. several uses and the quality of its wood and the oil extracted from its seeds are well-known (Hammer MATERIALS AND METHODS and Johns 1993). Especially the oil extract from CHEMICAL AND DRUGS seeds of C. guianensis has been empirically used in the treatment of arthritis, rheumatism, infections, The chemical and drugs used in the experiment wounds, bruises, skin diseases and as an insect were the following: mitomycin C (MMC, 5 mg, repellent (Brito et al. 2013, Hammer and Johns Bristol-Myers Squibb®, New York, NY, USA, 1993). Scientific studies also identify antiplasmodial Lot No. 2.JO1299), cyclophosphamide (CP, (Bickii et al. 2000, Miranda et al. 2012), analgesic C7H15Cl2N2O2P, Baxter®), Leishmann solution (Penido et al. 2005), anti-inflamatory (Penido et al. dye, fetal bovine serum (Laborclin Products 2006), anti-allergic (Ferraris et al. 2011) activities Laboratories, Paraná, Brazil) from the C. guianensis oil. Besides the widespread ANIMALS use of C. guianensis by the population, there is little information about the mutational potential. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee One way to evaluate the genotoxic or on the use of animals at the Pontifícia Universidade antigenotoxic potential of natural compound Católica de Goiás (Protocol nº 0003-1/2014). extracted of medicinal plant is the micronucleus Seventy five healthy male outbred mice of the assay (MN). The MN assay is based on the species Mus musculus belonging to the Swiss frequency of MN, structures that originate from Webster strain were used. The mice had body weight chromosome fragments or whole chromosomes varying from 30 to 40 g, and they were 45 to 60 days An Acad Bras Cienc (2017) 89 (3 Suppl.) ANTIGENOTOXICITY PROTECTION Carapa guianensis OIL 2045 old on the day of the experiment. The animals were received 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis placed in standard individual polypropylene cages oil, respectively. A positive control (50 mg/kg bw with solid floors that were covered with sterilized of CP) and a negative control (0.1 ml/10g bw of soy wood chips according to international standards. oil) were included. In the pre-treatment experiment The animals were housed in an environment with 250 and 500 mg/kg bw of C. guianensis oil were an average ± SD temperature of 24 ± 2°C and a administered for five days to two groups of five relative humidity of 55 ± 5%. The light-dark cycle animals. Two hours after the last oil treatment, 50 was 12 h:12 h, and water and food were available mg/kg bw of CP was ip administered. The negative ad libitum. control was treated with 0.1 ml/10g bw of soy oil EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE (MICRONUCLEUS for five days and the positive control with 50 mg/kg ASSAY) bw of CP. For all experiments, after the treatment The seventy five animals were divided in 15 period (24 hours), mice femurs were dissected and groups with five animals each. Three experiments the bone marrow gently flushed out with fetal calf were performed to evaluate the mutagenicity and serum, and centrifuged (300 g, 5 minutes). The anti mutagenicity potential C. guianensis oil: co- bone marrow cells were smeared on glass slides, treatment, post treatment and pre-treatment. coded for blind analysis, air-dried, and fixed with To evaluate the antimutagenic potential absolute methanol for 5 minutes. To detect MNPCE of andiroba oil, three groups of animals were frequency, we fixed the smears with Leishmann intraperitoneally (ip) co-treated with 250, 500 and solution (Ribeiro et al. 2003), prepared two slides 1000 mg/kg bw C. guianensis oil and 4 mg/kg bw for each mouse, and scored 1000 polychromatic of MMC. In addition, three other groups were ip erythrocytes (PCE) per slide.
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