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Global Perspective and Multilateral Cooperation in Earth Observation

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Global Perspective and Multilateral Cooperation in Earth Observation Geospatial World Forum 2012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands April 23, 2012 Keynote Paper: Global perspective and multilateral cooperation in Earth Observation by Gottfried Konecny Emeritus Professor Leibniz University Hannover former president of ISPRS Announced Keynote Speakers for this Session GEO Secretariat Director José Achache First Vice President ISPRS Ian Dowman, UCL Global perspective and multilateral cooperation in Earth Observation 1. Introduction geoinformatics: FIG, ISPRS and ICA statements by Schermerhorn and Radermacher 2. Current Technology Innovations in geoinformatics GNSS Satellite Imaging (high resolution optical, radar, small satellites) Computer Development (data bases, web, mobile technology) 3. Global Imagery and Map Coverage UNGGIM (UN Secretariat) 4. Global Datasets GEO (globally initiated by G8) and GEOSS (system of systems) GDEM (ASTER global digital elevation model, Japan-US JPL) UN Charter for Disaster Relief (Space Agencies & UNOOSA) 5. Conclusions Geoinformatics (Geomatics) is an applied technology formerly characterized by the words „surveying and mapping“. It embraces surveying, geodetic engineering, photogrammetry, remote sensing, cartography. Are these paradigm changes also noticed in geoinformatics? These disciplines are professionally organized by The International Federation of Surveyors FIG, founded in 1878, The International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing ISPRS, founded in 1910, The International Association of Cartography ICA, founded in 1960 In 1960 Prof. Schermerhorn wrote for the 50th Anniversary of the German Society a 50 year review of the developments of Photogrammetry: „In Europe we see between 1921 and 1927 the development of many precision plotters , (quoting Wild, Nistri , Santoni, Poivilliers, Predhumeau and Ferber). “As far as I find, none of these designers were survey specialists. They either came to photogrammetry from aviation or as engineers and physicists. The future role of photogrammetry will depend on whether the great designers and pioneers will find successors .” Willem Schermerhorn, Professor of Photogrammetry, Technical University Delft ISPRS President 1938 – 1948 Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1945 – 1946 Founder of the ITC At the 100th Anniversary of ISPRS on July 4, 2010 in Vienna, the Economist Franz Josef Radermacher said: „We all stand on the shoulders of giants, who make our Progress possible“ New Technology made it possible, that tasks, which were not affordable before, are available now, they can be used for partial automation: 1. Satellite Positioning to cm accuracy (GNSS-GPS) 2. Satellite Imaging covering the Globe (high resolution optical satellites, radar imaging, small satellites) 3. Computer Technology Advances (Moore´s Law, Database Technology, Web Applications, Geoportals, Mobile Communication Technology) 4. Application Development for Global Use (UNGGM, GEO, GEOSS, GDEM, UN Charter for Disaster Relief 1. Satellite Positioning GNSS-GPS Result: 1. Augmented Accuracy Systems such as EGNOS, WAAS and Omnistar permit static geolocation anywhere on the globe with +/- 50cm accuracy with inexpensive ($100) code receivers 2. 1 frequency Phase receivers ($1000) operating in networks at a range of 10 to 20 km permit +/- 1cm accuracy 3. 2 frequency Phase receivers ($10 000+) operating in RTK mode at a range of 10km or in CORS networks with stations up to 50km range permit +/- 1cm accuracy 4. Mobile applications with RTK or CORS reference permit +/- 1 dm accuracy 2. Project History of UNGGIM: Mapping and Map Updating Status of the World 2.1. UN-Secretariat-Laval University 1987 survey of NMA´s before 1986 Laval University offered to the UN Secretariate to make a study on the state of mapping in the world; this study was carried out with the UN Secretariat and published at the UN Cartographic Conferece in Bangkok 1987; it reflected the situation of 1980 with some updates The result was, that the land areas of the globe were basically covered with maps at the scale 1:250 000, 2/3 was covered at 1:50 000 and 1/3 at 1: 25 000, larger scales were not mentioned Alarming was the poor update rate for world mapping (e.g. for 1:50 000 at 48 years as world average) 2.2. UNGGIM-ISPRS Survey 2012 2.3. In addition to NMA´s there are commercial actors engaged in mapping, in whole or in part, such as - Google (Google Earth, Google Maps, Google StreetView) - Microsoft (Bingmaps) - Navteq - TomTom Contacts have been established, but it will be difficult to obtain complete information from them according to the questionnaire. But they have been asked to suggest ways how their mapping contribution in support of the official mapping and map updating efforts of the national mapping agencies can best be described Google Earth Images Bing Maps 3D View 2.4. There are furthermore a number of international data providers for the digital age, such as: - Eastview Geospatial, Minneapolis, MN, USA - ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA - ILS Scientific Cartography, Stuttgart, Germany - WorldMap, Harvard University, Center of Geographic Analysis, Boston, USA They have been informed about the project, requesting their possible support Downloadable Map Data for ESRI´s ArcGIS 3. The Group on Earth Observations GEO It was launched by the G8 and the World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002 in Johannesburg It is a volontary partnership of governments and international organizations As of March 2012 members are 88 governments and the European Commission plus 64 intergovernmental, international and regional organizations GEO constructs GEOSS for the period 2005 – 2015 in 9 „societal benefit areas“: - disasters - health - energy - climate - water - weather - ecosystems - agriculture - biodiversity Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Group on Earth Observations (GEO) established by the first Earth Observation Summit in July 2003 which declared the need for: “….timely, quality, long-term, global information as a basis for sound decision making”. The second Earth Observation Summit in April 2004 agreed to a Framework which established the basic principles for preparing an Implementation Plan for a Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). The third Earth Observation Summit in February 2005 formally set up GEO and adopted the ten year implementation plan. 03/05/2012 GGIM Industry Exchange 23 GEO GEO Principles Any Single Problem Requires Many Data Sets Any Single Data Set Serves Many Applications …Observation Systems should be shared across disciplines OBSERVE 2011 24 GEO Data sharing principles • Full and Open Exchange of Data, recognizing Relevant International Instruments and National Policies • Data and Products at Minimum Time delay and Minimum Cost • Free of Charge or minimal Cost for Research and Education Data to be seen as an infrastructure, rather than a service OBSERVE 2011 25 • GEONETCast is a near real time, global network of satellite-based data dissemination systems designed to distribute space-based, air-borne and in situ data, metadata and products to diverse communities. • GEONETCast is a Task in the GEO Work Plan and is led by EUMETSAT, the United States, China, and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Many GEO Members and Participating Organizations contribute to this Task. 03/05/2012 GGIM Industry Exchange 26 MSG data reception through Atlantic Bird • GEONETCast African Service received in Africa Satellite Dish installed at CGIS-NUR Atlantic Bird 3 C-band dBW footprint Satellite Dish installed at RCMRD 03/05/2012 GGIM Industry Exchange 27 Global Digital Elevation Models • SRTM SOCIETAL BENEFITS • ASTER GDEM • ASTRIUM: SPOT, TanDEM-X Elevation30: unique worldwide 3D geographic reference database for all global coverage needs Elevation10: regional 10 m elevation models everywhere in the world whatever the relief and weather conditions Elevation+: high precision digital elevation modelling service providing 1 m DEM and beyond 28 Tunis 2012 GEO Task DA-09-03d : Global DEM ASTER GDEMASTER GDEM is an easy-to-use, highly accurate DEM covering all the land on earth, and available to all users regardless of size or location of their target areas. http://www.ersdac.or.jp/GDEM/E/1.html 29 TUFUAB2011 ASTER GDEM vs other DEMs ASTER GDEM SRTM3* GTOPO30** 10 m mesh Data ASTER Space shuttle radar varied 1:25,000 map source interval 30m 90m 1000m ~10m Accuracy 7~14m 10m 30m 5m (stdev.) DEM 83 degrees north ~ 83 60 degrees north ~ 56 Global Japan only coverage degrees south degrees south Areas with no ASTER Area of data due to Topographically steep Missing constant cloud area (due to radar None None data cover (supplied characteristics) by other DEM) 30 GI Forum 2011 Factors affecting the use of geospatial data in a country COMMERCIAL INFLUENCES INFLUENCES GOVERNMENT DATA Regulati Regional PRODUCERS Enabling on directives (EU) Awareness of geospatial data technology (telecoms, Local Disasters energy) Strategic Plan Funding Data from Global resources space Feed down of (GPS, Galilleo) Subsidie defence GNSS Govt NMO Space Dept of s technology Global initiatives depts Agency Defence (GEO,GGIM) International treaties (Environment – Energy) Data Policy Pricing Policy USERs 31 Key constraints Tunis 2012 4. Successful Model: Cooperation with the United Nations UNOOSA (International Charter Space and Major Disasters) and the Space Agencies Bridging the Gap From Data to Information calibrate, georeference, retrieve, map, validate, assimilate, model, analyze, assess, archive, access, Utilize Over 40 Analysis Products and Maps in Two Weeks 5. Conclusion: 1. Due to technological progress now sustainable development based on up till recently unavailable information exchange has become possible 2. Technology is easy but information management is difficult 3. UNGGIM, GEO and GEOSS offer a way forward 4. The International Charter for Space and Major Disasters in which UNOOSA and the Space Agencies around the World cooperate has become a successful model for international cooperation .
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