Mm Awsumsmm a NEWS BULLETIN a Published Quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
mm aWsumsmm A NEWS BULLETIN a published quarterly by the NEW ZEALAND ANTARCTIC SOCIETY (INC) »r(4iK> mu BRITISH ANTARCTIC SURVEY TWIN OTTER AIRCRAFT SUPPLYING A FIELD PARTY IN GEORGE VI SOUND, WHICH SKIRTS THE EASTERN AND SOUTHERN SHORES OF ALEXANDER I ISLAND, AND SEPARATES IT FROM PALMER LAND AND THE ROBERT ENGLISH COAST. THE TWIN OTTERS ARE FLOWN TO THE ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH SUMMER TO PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR THE FIELD PARTIES. B.A.S. PHOTO. Registered at Post Office Headquarters. Vol. 7, No. 12 Wellington, New Zealand, as a magazine. December, 1976 SOUTH GEORGIA -.. SOUTH SANDWICH Is" / S O U T H O R K N E Y I s ' > < 0 £ Z * - . /o Orcadas arg. Sanae sA^Nqyolazarevskaya ussr. XJ FALKLAND Is /* Signy I. U.K. , V\60"W / S SOUTH AMERICA | S y o w a j a p a n \ e o - E A b\ ^ Molodezhnaya \^ 4. SOUTH a .ft A § > B o r g a t s \ N r \ u s s . r. s \ ti SHETLAND^fW, ' Halley Baytf DRONNING MAUD E N D E R B Y M / \ /SEA O.K.S COATS Lrt L A N D T > r \ / ls jig * J f G e n e r a l B e l g r a n o a r g /\ \ Mawson ANTARCTIC*^ MAC ROBERTSON LAND\ \ aust. /PENINSULA'5 (see map below) 'Sobral arg. »>- Davis aust. • r 6 s /-Siple USA ^ Amundsen-Scott I queen mary tAND jMlray [ELLSWORTH ') LAND / R o s s ^ ^ .Ice ShelfV^ pCasey Jj aust. I J. * \ WILKES LAND Russkaya Scbtt-giVp.. \ / USSR/ Ross|N%NVandaNNZ' / , SEA I J^v./VICTORIA ,TERRE A $ \ F / t A N D \ y ^ A D E L I E , i y I \ GEORGE VLd_,_ Leningradskaya USSR ,- 'BALLENY Is ANTARCTIC PENINSULA 1 Teniente Matienzo arg. 2 Esperanza arg. 3 Almirante Brown arg. 4 Petrel arg. 5 Deception arg. 6 Vicecomodoro Marambio arg. ANTARCTICA 7 Arturo Prat chile 1']00 Miles 8 Bernardo O'Higgins chile 9 Presidente Frei chile 1000 Kilometres 10 Stonington I. uk. 13 11 Adelaide I. uk. y ' ABHHEVIAriONS 12 Argentine Is uk. la 13 Palmer usa. 14 Bellingshausen ussr. : Larsen ■\ceShe\f': °_ thl3■ ■ (Successor to "Antarctic News Bulletin") Vol.7, No. 12 84th ISSUE December, 1976 Editor: J. M. CAFFIN, 35 Chepstow Avenue, Christchurch 5. Address all contributions, enquiries, etc., to the Editor. CONTENTS ARTICLES POLAR CIRCUMNAVIGATION.... 403-404 POLAR ACTIVITIES NEW ZEALAND 379-383 UNITED STATES 384-388 AUSTRALIA 388-389 UNITED KINGDOM 390-394 SOVIET UNION JAPAN 396-398 NORWAY 399-400 FRANCE SOUTH AFRICA SUB-ANTARCTIC SNARES ISLANDS ^^^^^1 ^^^^^^H ^^^^^H GENERAL ANTARCTIC CENTRE 401-402 TOURISM ANTARCTIC BOOKSHELF Perhaps Adrian de Gerlache was the first explorer to have the vision of Antarctica as a continent for men of all nations. With the Belgians when the Belgica sailed south in 1897 were Norwegians, Poles, a Rumanian, and an American. Seventy-nine years after the Belgica was locked in the ice men of many nations will celebrate their Antarctic Christmas in traditional fashion, and in happier circumstances than de Gerlache's men. They are not cut from the world completely. As it has done for the last 20 years, "Antarctic" wishes them all a Merry Christmas. December, 1976 NEW ZEALAND FIELD WORK BEGINS New Zealand's Antarctic research programme for 1976-77 began officially on October 7 when the first contingent arrived to relieve the winter team of 11 men at Scott Base, and to initiate a wide range of scientific projects. By the middle of this month the first part of the programme was in full swing with field parties in the dry valleys, on White Island, and out in Victoria Land. This year there are New Zealanders at With 11 dogs to each team, two sledge three United States stations, and a parties left Scott Base on October 2, and United States field camp on the Ross Ice covered the 20 miles to Cape Evans in Shelf nearly 780km from Scott Base. For just over four hours. The team comprised the second time there are three men at Mike Wing (dog handler), Grant Eames the Amundsen-Scott Pole Station, two of (mechanic and second dog handler), whom will run the meteorological Barry Scannell (Scott Base postmaster), programme next winter. At Siple Station and Clinton Davis (science technician). in Ellsworth Land, about 2500km from Scott Base, two men are helping to instal They found stable ice as far as Cape VLF radio receiving equipment for the Bird, 70km north of Scott Base. At the ioint U.S.-N.Z. Leda upper atmosphere same time last year, because of an early breakout of the sea ice, there was open project. Other New Zealand men and women are working in the kitchens at water within 15km of the base. The party also encountered the first of the new McMurdo Station for a Christchurch season's Weddell population, which by atering contractor, helping to feed several hundred Americans during the early next month is expected to grow to nearly 2000 along this particular stretch summer season. of the Ross Island coast. Early this month the Royal New Zealand Air Force completed its seven Despite rough ice and a broken sledge runner, the party made good time on the flights, using two Hercules aircraft, to return journey. It reached Scott Base on provide logistic support for the New Zealand and United States programme. the afternoon of October 4. This is the 12th season that the R.N.Z.A.F. has carried passengers and SUMMER ARRIVALS cargo between New Zealand and the Captain Kevin Tasker and two Antarctic. By November 26 when the members of the staff of the Antarctic first Hercules flew to Williams Field near Division, Department of Scientific and McMurdo Station, the U.S.-N.Z. airlift Industrial Research, were the first of the had transported more than 500 tons of summer party to reach Scott Base. On cargo. October 8 Flight Lieutenant Hamish SLEDGE JOURNEY Raynham, who was in charge last Before the first wave of the summer winter, hauled down his leader's flag, invasion began four members of the and Captain Tasker took over for the winter team took advantage of the good summer season. Flight Lieutenant weather and ever-increasing hours of Raynham was the first of the winter daylight to spend three days in the field team to return — on October 11 — to what north of Scott Base. They checked the he called the luxuries he had missed condition of the historic huts at Cape during his year in the Antarctic — rain, Royds and Cape Evans, and explored the grass, fresh milk and unlimited hot sea ice for the new season's activities. water for showers. December, 1976 ANTARCTIC Summer work began on October 12 are an important part. They were joined with the first operational helicopter a few days later by Miss Elspeth flight from Scott Base in temperatures Wingham and Bob Zurr. around minus 35deg Celsius. Two New Zealanders aboard the United States Weeks of anxiety ended on November 12 when the presence of seals under the Navy helicopter located seal colonies in McMurdo Sound for scientific work, and ice was confirmed by Americans using also chcked the condition of the historic special radio equipment. The seals were huts at Cape Royds and Cape Evans, detected only hours after two other seals and the D.S.I.R. station at Cape Bird. arrived on the island — both made of lead, and to be used for postmarking Travelling by dog sledge, the first field mail. party of the season left Scott Base for White Island on the afternoon of October Mr Carryer predicted that the seals, due 18. The purpose of the 29km journey was to pup shortly, would surface as soon to make a reconnaissance of the island's as the weather became warmer. He was isolated Weddell seal colony in right, and although the party had a preparation for the arrival of the longer wait than expected, its patience University of Canterbury's research unit was rewarded. The first cow seal which planned to spend three months appeared towards the end of last month, and gave birth to a pup which weighed 25 studying the colony and the ecology of the area. With the leader, Tas Carryer, on kilograms. the journey were two dog handlers, Mike Wing and Richard Wills, and Colin NOT ISOLATED Monteath, the Antarctic Division's field Now the work of tagging, measuring, operations officer. After five days Mr and weighing the seals as part of the Carryer returned to Scott Base with the news that the cupboard was bare. He integrated study of the food chain is searched the island from end to end, both under way. But, having established that on foot and by dog team, and on the pupping time at White Island is later return journey saw only two signs of the than in the McMurdo Sound area, the seals' presence. university team still has a problem. Originally the White Island colony SEALS ABSENT was believed to be isolated. However, one In February this year the seals were of the seals from it was tagged in October seen. Their absence was a mystery. They last year by an American scientist at are separated from the nearest seasonal Hutton Cliffs, Ross Island, which is sea ice by 29km of solid ice shelf— too far 30km away. for the seals to swim under. And it was unlikely that they had gone over the top Mr Carryer reported that the tagged because of the extremely low seal was an over-sized male showing temperatures during the year.