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Proceedings: Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference 2020 1 Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference 2020 - preface Dear colleagues from within the polar and alpine research community, Today we are once again honoured to host the international Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference, already in its sixth year. The conference has been held despite the ongoing unfavourable circumstances of the global CoViD-19 pandemic, which has forced us to move largely to online streaming. Nonetheless, we were able to meet also in person, albeit in smaller numbers than the previous years, on the premises of the Department of Geography, Masaryk University in Brno, Czechia. The topics covered include the fields of both geosciences and biosciences, as well as interdisciplinary studies. We believe this conference has given us a glimpse of hope that we will soon be able to return to our researches and field works in those unforgiving, yet beautiful environments of the polar and alpine regions. A total of 40 contributions were presented during the two days of the conference, including 4 keynote lectures, 30 oral presentations and 10 posters. We would like to thank all the participants, including the young scientists who have presented their interesting research topics and the keynote speakers for sharing their knowledge and experience with us. We are happy to welcome old friends as well as colleagues participating for the first time, yet who will hopefully come again in next years. There is a website dedicated to Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference, which you can find on https://sparc-brno.webnode.cz. We sincerely hope that we will meet again in Brno in the near future. Brno, 22 September 2020 Jan Kavan, Matěj Roman Proceedings Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference 2020 Place Date Brno (Czech Republic) 21–22 September 2020 Editors: Jan Kavan, Matěj Roman, Filip Hrbáček Acknowledgements: The organizing committee of Students in Polar and Alpine Research Conference 2020 gratefully thanks the Department of Geography, Masaryk University for providing us with the conference room and related equipment. The conference is organized with financial support from EEA grants via the project „Cool Science – training course in polar research“. The funding support for the conference was provided by the project MUNI/A/1356/2019, the projectS LM2015078 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708 funded by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic. and the Permafrost Young Researcher Network (PYRN). We acknowledge the keynote speakers who had the will to contribute to the conference. © 2020 Masarykova univerzita ISBN 978-80-210-9660-8 Published by Masaryk University, Žerotínovo náměstí, 617/9, 601 77 Brno, Czech Republic, 1st edition. 1 Contents: Keynote section Atmospheric dust in polar environments Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova, O. Arnalds, O. Meinander, J.-B. Renard, B. Moroni, J. Kavan 4 Changes in snowpack and snowmelt contribution to seasonal runoff in mountain catchments Michal Jeníček 5 The effects of changing environment on human activities in the Arctic: Drivers and challenges Barbora Padrtová 7 Primary succession of vegetation and initial soil development in the Arctic and Alpine ecosystems Paulina Wietrzyk-Pełka 8 Participant section Peculiarities of medical care in Antarctic crews with a special respect to dentistry Julie Bartáková 9 Seasonal changes of spectral reflectance indices in different types of Antarctic vegetation Michaela Bednaříková, Miloš Barták 11 Assessment of the recession rate of Gangotri and its tributary glacier, Garhwal Himalaya (India) through kinematic GPS survey and satellite data Harish Bisht, Bahadur Singh Kotlia, Kireet Kumar, Saurabh Kumar Sah, Manmohan Kukreti 12 Diurnal dynamics of the CO2 fluxes from the soil surface of typical ecosystems in north taiga and south tundra of Western Siberia Anna Bobrik 13 Issues on diversity of soil diatoms in the Antarctic Realm Tereza Cahová, Barbora Chattová 14 Estimating the volume of glaciers in the Russian Altai region using different methods Wai Yin Cheung, Dmitry Ganyushkin 16 Spectral ultraviolet radiation measurements at Marambio Base, Antarctic Peninsula Klára Čížková, Kamil Láska, Ladislav Metelka, Martin Staněk 17 Deglaciation of the central sector of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet in northern British Columbia Helen E. Dulfer, Martin Margold 19 Preliminary palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the sedimentary infill of a tectonic valley: the Jinačovice exposure (Brno-venkov district) case study Jakub Holuša 20 EUNIS habitats at the territory of the East European tundra (in the example of key area on the right bank of the Kuya River) Kseniia Ivanova 22 The registration of lichen monitoring patch photograps into time series Snæbjörn Helgi Arnarsson Jack 24 Preliminary Results of Modelling on James Ross Island (Antarctica) Klára Jeklová, Kamil Láska, Michael Matějka, Joachim Reuder 25 2 How can rain-on-snow events contribute to the stream runoff Roman Juras, Johanna R. Blöcher, Michal Jenicek, Yannis Markonis, Ondrej Ledvinka 26 High Latitude Dust transport altitude pattern revealed from deposition on snow, Svalbard Jan Kavan, Kamil Láska, Adam Nawrot, Tomasz Wawrzyniak 28 Visual exploration of data acquired at the Mendel Polar Station in Antarctica Matěj Lang, Sergej Stoppel, Jan Byška, Bára Kozlíková 29 Modelling of surface energy balance of James Ross Island glaciers, Antarctic Peninsula region Michael Matějka, Kamil Láska 30 Arctic Justice Daria Mishina 31 Resistance of Antarctic moss Sanionia uncinata to photoinhibition: analysis oflimitationof photosynthetic processes Alla Orekhova, Miloš Barták, Josef Hájek 32 The underestimated informative value of archaeozoological remains in Svalbard Franziska Paul 34 Variability of the Arctic active layer Claudia Pérez Ramos 35 Water column properties of Kongressvatn, Kapp Linné, SW Svalbard Nil Rodes, Michael Retelle, Alan Werner, Steven Roof 37 Dating the sedimentary record from Monolith Lake, James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula Matěj Roman, David Sanderson, Alan Creswell, Daniel Nývlt 38 Comparative features of ice fluctuations in the area of the Svalbard and Franz Josef Land archipelagos B.S. Shapkin, A.V. Rubchenia, B.V. Ivanov, A.D. Revina, V.M. Smolyanitskiy 39 Arctic permafrost is a promising ecosystem for rhodopsin-like proteins gene search Artemiy Y. Sukhanov, Natalya I. Eromasova, Elena V. Spirina, Elizaveta M. Rivkina 41 The current state of the glaciers in the Caucasus Mountains Levan Tielidze 42 The Ahuriri Glacier during the Last Glacial Maximum, Southern Alps, New Zealand Levan Tielidze, Shaun Eaves, Kevin Norton, Andrew Mackintosh 43 High latitude dust in Iceland Alexandr Vítek, Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserová, Olafur Arnalds, Brian Barr, Nathalie Burdová 44 High Arctic small catchments on Wedel Jarlsberg Land (SW Spitsbergen) ─ connections and differences Aleksandra Wołoszyn 45 Featured remote sensing methods of investigation in polar landscape evolution — solution for lockdown? Aleksandra Wołoszyn, Iwo Wieczorek 46 Pollen inferred Holocene vegetation and climate variability on sub-Antarctic South Georgia Maaike Zwier, Anne E. Bjune, Willem G. M. van der Bilt 47 3 Atmospheric dust in polar environments Pavla Dagsson-Waldhauserova1,2*, Olafur Arnalds1, Outi Meinander3, Jean-Baptiste Renard4, Bea Moroni5, Jan Kavan6 1Faculty of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Agricultural University of Iceland, Hvanneyri, Borgarnes, IS 311, Iceland. 2Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, 165 21 Czech Republic. 3Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland. 4LPC2E-CNRS / Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France 5Università di Perugia, Italy 6Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic * [email protected] The Arctic and Antarctic regions include large These areas used to be, however, vegetated while areas of High Latitude Dust (HLD) sources, from forests covered at least 25% of the country about where dust is transported long distances. The first 800 years ago. Woodlands were reduced due to estimates are that all high latitude dust sources medieval agricultural methods to almost total cover > 500,000 km2 and contribute to at least 5 % elimination about 100 years ago. Cold climate and of global dust budget. Iceland is the largest Arctic massive erosion caused a collapse turning as well as European desert with high dust event vegetated ecosystem into desert. Today Iceland frequency (~135 dust days annually). Icelandic experiences >130 dust event days annually (based volcanic dust can be transported distances > 1700 on the weather report analyses 1949-2011) km towards the Arctic and deposited on snow, ice affecting the area of > 500,000 km2. and sea ice. Atmospheric-cryospheric interaction Dust measurements in the Antarctic Peninsula of dust will be introduced. It is estimated that about showed that the air is polluted by local dust 7% of Icelandic dust can reach the high Arctic sources, as well as due to long-range transport from (N>80°). Vertical profiles of Icelandic dust storms Patagonia. The PM10 concentrations in Antarctica showed the presence of dust in altitudes of several were higher than those in natural areas of the kilometres. Icelandic dust is also transported Northern Europe. Newly identified HLD sources as towards the Europe with volcanic dust fingerprints well as the first evidence that Icelandic volcanic found in Balkan Peninsula (Belgrade). dust reaching the High Arctic, Svalbard Islands, The main HLD
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