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Characterisation of Agricultural Waste Co- and By-Products

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Characterisation of Agricultural Waste Co- and By-Products Characterisation of Agricultural Waste Co- and By-Products DISCLAIMER The opinion stated in this report reflects the opinion of the authors and not the opinion of the European Commission. All intellectual property rights are owned by AgroCycle consortium members and are protected by the applicable laws. Reproduction is not authorised without prior written agreement. The commercial use of any information contained in this document may require a license from the owner of that information. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement Nº 690142. Chinese partners are beneficiaries not in receipt of EU funding. Page 2 of 243 Deliverable Document Sheet Project Acronym AgroCycle Project Title Sustainable techno-economic solutions for the agricultural value chain Grant Agreement number 690142 Call identifier H2020-WASTE-2015-two-stage Topic identifier WASTE-7-2015 Ensuring sustainable use of agricultural waste, co-products and by- products Funding Scheme Research and Innovation Action Project duration 36 months (June 2016 – May 2019) Coordinator NUID UCD – Professor Shane Ward Website www.AgroCycle.eu Deliverable No. 1.2 Deliverable title Characterisation of agricultural waste co- and by-products Description Report on the AWCB characterisation, in terms of energy nutrients, water content and valuable compounds, and on patents/technology for recovery/processing of such valuable compounds WP No. 1 Related task 1.2 Lead Beneficiary CERTH Author(s) Sotiris I. Patsios, Konstantinos N. Kontogiannopoulos, Soultana T. Mitrouli, Konstantinos V. Plakas, Anastasios J. Karabelas Contributor(s) - Type Report Dissemination Level PU Language English – GB Due Date 31/12/2016 Submission Date 31/12/2016 Date: Action: Version: Ownership: 31/10/2016 Written V.1 K.N. Kontogiannopoulos, S.T. Mitrouli, S.I. Patsios, K.C. Plakas Reviewed/amended/appro K.N. Kontogiannopoulos, S.T. Mitrouli, S.I. Patsios, K.C. Plakas, 21/12/2016 V.2 ved A.J. Karabelas Submitted via Online 31/12/2016 V.3 G. Hanley Portal to Funding Agency Reviewed/amended/appro 18/09/2017 V.4 A. Krick, K.N. Kontogiannopoulos, T. Oldfield, S.I. Patsios ved 26/09/2017 Reviewed V.4 S. Ward Submitted via Online 27/09/2017 V.4 G. Hanley Portal to Funding Agency Page 3 of 243 Table of Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................... 11 General study context ............................................................................................ 11 Scope of this report ................................................................................................ 12 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 12 Selection of commodities and corresponding AWCB ............................................. 12 Selection of physicochemical properties ................................................................ 15 Energy related properties ................................................................................................ 17 Fodder related properties ................................................................................................ 17 Fertilizer related properties ............................................................................................. 18 Wastewater related properties ....................................................................................... 18 Bioactive compounds related properties ......................................................................... 20 Cereals & Oil seeds ............................................................................................... 21 1. Wheat .............................................................................................................. 22 1.1 Wheat straw ........................................................................................................ 23 1.2 Wheat bran .......................................................................................................... 26 1.3 Patent review on the recovery of bioactive compounds from wheat by-products .......................................................................................................... 28 2. Barley............................................................................................................... 30 3. Maize ............................................................................................................... 36 3.1 Maize Stalks ......................................................................................................... 36 3.2 Maize Cobs .......................................................................................................... 38 3.3 Maize AWCB bioactive compounds patent and literature review ....................... 40 4. Oats ................................................................................................................. 47 4.1 Oat straw ............................................................................................................. 48 4.2 Oat bran .............................................................................................................. 49 5. Sunflower seed ................................................................................................ 51 5.1 Sunflower stalks ................................................................................................... 52 5.2 Sunflower husks ................................................................................................... 53 5.3 Sunflower AWCB bioactive compounds patent and literature review ................. 55 6. Triticale ............................................................................................................ 57 7. Rye ................................................................................................................... 60 7.1 Rye straw ............................................................................................................. 60 7.2 Rye bran ............................................................................................................... 61 8. Rapeseed ......................................................................................................... 64 8.1 Rapeseed straw ................................................................................................... 65 8.2 Rapeseed meal .................................................................................................... 66 8.3 Rapeseed AWCB bioactive compounds patent and literature review ................. 68 9. Rice .................................................................................................................. 71 9.1 Rice straw ............................................................................................................ 73 9.2 Rice bran .............................................................................................................. 76 9.3 Rice hulls .............................................................................................................. 82 9.4 Patent review on the recovery of bioactive compounds from rice by-products .. 84 Animal Products ................................................................................................... 86 10. Pigs ............................................................................................................... 87 10.1 Pig Manure .......................................................................................................... 88 10.2 Pig Slaughterhouse Wastewater ......................................................................... 92 Page 4 of 243 11. Chicken ........................................................................................................ 95 11.1 Manure ................................................................................................................ 95 11.2 Slaughterhouse Wastewater ............................................................................... 99 12. Cattle ......................................................................................................... 102 12.1 Cattle Manure ................................................................................................... 103 12.2 Cattle Slaughterhouse Wastewater ................................................................... 106 13. Cow’s Milk .................................................................................................. 109 13.1 Dairy cow Manure ............................................................................................. 110 13.2 Whey ................................................................................................................. 113 13.3 Milk AWCB bioactive compounds patent and literature review ........................ 115 Fruits .................................................................................................................. 121 14. Grape fruit ................................................................................................. 122 14.1 Grape pomace/marc/pulp ................................................................................. 123 14.2 Wine lees ........................................................................................................... 124 14.3 Grape AWCB bioactive compounds patent and literature review ..................... 125 15. Tomatoes ..................................................................................................
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