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Recreational Valuation and Carrying Capacity: a Case Study of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province

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Recreational Valuation and Carrying Capacity: a Case Study of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province RECREATIONAL VALUATION AND CARRYING CAPACITY: A CASE STUDY OF BANGSAEN BEACH, CHONBURI PROVINCE NATWIPHA EWASAKUL A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (TECHNOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT) FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 2006 ISBN 974-04-7074-2 COPY RIGHT OF MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success of the thesis would not have been possible without the full cooperation of many individuals. I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to the following persons for their contributions. I would like to express my sincere gratitude and deep appreciations to the adviser team, Asst. Prof. Parkorn Suwanich my Pricipal Supervisor for his guidance, invaluable advice, supervision and encouragement throughout. I am equally grateful to Asst. Prof. Patompong Saguanwong, Dr. Kitikorn Charmondusit and Dr. Suwat Viwattananon my Associate Supervisor for their sincere, guidance and suggestion from the beginning of this study until its completion. This research work is supported by the grant from the Post-Graduate Education, Training and Research Program in Environmental Science, Technology and Management under Higher Education Development Project of the Commission on Higher Education, Ministry of Education. I am really grateful to all the lectures and staff of the Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University for their cooperation and generous assistance. I wish to thank Pop, Jib, Yut and my friends in ES 6 for their encouragement, helpful, friendship, happiness and all enjoyable things that we have done throughout my study. I would like to thank for Som, Arm and my friends in ET 30 for everything with their helping of this study. I am very thankful and appreciation to P Wat, who give me his love, entirely care, understanding and assistance. He was always kind and lovely. Finally, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my family for their love, financial support, encouragements and concerned until completion of this study. The usefulness of this thesis, I dedicate to my family whom I always remind. Natwipha Ewasakul Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / iv RECREATIONAL VALUATION AND CARRYING CAPACITY: A CASE STUDY OF BANGSAEN BEACH, CHONBURI PROVINCE NATWIPHA EWASAKUL 4637423 ENTM/M M.Sc.(TECHNOLOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT) THESIS ADVISORS: PARKORN SUWANICH, M.S, PATOMPONG SAGUANWONG, M.A., AND KITTIKORN JAMONDUSIT, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate recreational use and physical carrying capacity, and to study tourists’ behavior and various tourism factors associated with the use value of Bangsaen beach, Chonburi province. The primary data from the field survey and the secondary data that compiled from various other sources were used in this study. The study sample comprised of 400 Thai tourists randomly selected around the Bangsaen beach. Theoretical framework used in this study was of environmental economics, while the key analytical method were Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM), Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) and the evaluation of Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) using Crowding Perception. The results revealed that the recreational use values of Bangsaen beach derived from ZTCM and ITCM were 2,604,804,320.83 baht/year and 3,710,903,067.44 baht/year respectively. The factors which affected the number of visits to Bangsaen beach were the travel cost and age of tourists. The travel cost had a negative effect on the number of visits. Age of tourists had a positive effect on the number of visits. All variables were evaluated at significant level 0.05. The maximum PCC in the period of weekdays was 10,947 persons/day while the optimum PCC was 9,840 persons/day. During weekends, the maximum PCC was 14,176 persons/day and the optimum PCC was 13,468 persons/day. The average number of tourists visiting to Bangsaen beach on weekdays was 3,000 persons/day and 9,100 persons/day on weekends. It was found that number of tourists on weekdays and weekends still did not exceed the PCC. Based on the tourism situation of Bangsaen beach today, it is not yet necessary to use a price mechanism to control the rise in the number of tourists because the beach can still accommodate tourists at a level not exceeding the PCC. KEY WORDS: VALUATION/ USE VALUE/ PHYSICAL CARRYING CAPACITY/ TRAVEL COST METHOD/ BANGSAEN BEACH 102 P. ISBN 974-04-7074-2 Fac. of Grad. Studies, Mahidol Univ. Thesis / v การประเมินมลคู าและขีดความสามารถในการรองรับการทองเที่ยว: กรณีศึกษา หาดบางแสน จังหวดชลบั ุรี (RECREATIONAL VALUATION AND CARRYING CAPACITY: A CASE STUDY OF BANGSAEN BEACH, CHONBURI PROVINCE) ณัฐวภาิ อิ้วสกุล 4637423 ENTM/M วท.ม.(เทคโนโลยีการบริหารสิ่งแวดลอม) คณะกรรมการควบคุมวิทยานิพนธ: ปกรณ สุวานิช, M.S., ปฐมพงศ สงวนวงศ, M.A., กิติกร จามรดุสิต, Ph.D. บทคัดยอ การวิจัยครั้งนี้ มีวัตถุประสงคเพื่อประเมินมูลคาและขีดความสามารถในการรองรับการทองเที่ยวและ นันทนาการของหาดบางแสน จังหวัดชลบุรี รวมทั้งศึกษาพฤติกรรมของนักทองเที่ยวและปจจัยการทองเที่ยว ตางๆ ที่มีความสัมพันธตอมูลคาของหาดบางแสน จังหวัดชลบุรี ขอมูลปฐมภูมิรวบรวมจากการสํารวจ ภาคสนามรวมกับการใชแบบสอบถาม โดยกลุมตัวอยางที่ทําการศึกษา ไดแก นักทองเที่ยวชาวไทย จํานวน 400 ตัวอยาง ซึ่งทําการสุมจากนักทองเที่ยวชาวไทยทั้งหมดบริเวณหาดบางแสน จังหวัดชลบุรี โดยกรอบทฤษฎีที่ นํามาประยุกตใช ไดแก เทคนิคการประเมินมูลคาสิ่งแวดลอม ซึ่งประกอบดวย Zonal Travel Cost Method (ZTCM) และ Individual Travel Cost Method (ITCM) และเทคนิคการประเมินขีดความสามารถใน การรองรับการทองเที่ยวและนันทนาการดานกายภาพ ซึ่งไดแก การศึกษา Crowding Perception ผลการศึกษา พบวามูลคาการใชประโยชนดานการทองเที่ยวและนันทนาการของหาดบางแสน จังหวัด ชลบุรี ที่ไดจากวิธี ZTCM และ ITCM มีมูลคาแตกตางกันมาก กลาวคือ มีมูลคาเทากับ 2,604,804,320.83 บาท/ป และ 3,710,903,067.44 บาท/ป ตามลําดับ ปจจัยที่มีความสัมพันธกับจํานวนครั้งของการเดินทางไป หาดบางแสน จังหวัดชลบุรี ไดแก ตนทุนการเดินทาง และ อายุของนักทองเที่ยว โดยตนทุนการเดินทางมี ความสัมพันธเชิงผกผันกับจํานวนครั้งของการเดินทาง อยางมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 และอายุของ นักทองเที่ยวมีความสัมพันธทางตรงกับจํานวนครั้งของการเดินทาง อยางมีนัยสําคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ 0.05 สําหรับการศึกษาเพื่อประเมินขีดความสามารถในการรองรับการทองเที่ยว และนันทนาการทางดาน กายภาพ พบวาชวงวันธรรมดา สามารถรองรับนักทองเที่ยวไดสูงสุด เทากับ 10,947 คน/วัน ในขณะที่จํานวน นักทองเที่ยวที่เหมาะสม เทากับ 9,840 คน/วัน ชวงวันหยุด สามารถรองรับนักทองเที่ยวไดสูงสุด เทากับ 14,176 คน/วัน และจํานวนนักทองเที่ยวที่เหมาะสม เทากับ 13,468 คน/วัน และเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับจํานวนนักทองเที่ยว ปจจุบัน ซึ่งในชวงวันธรรมดาและวันหยุดมีนักทองเที่ยวเฉลี่ย 3,000 คน/วัน และ 9,100 คน/วัน ตามลําดับ พบวา ยังไมเกินขีดความสามารถในการรองรบการทั องเที่ยวและนันทนาการทางดานกายภาพทั้งในชวงวันธรรมดา และวันหยุด ดังนั้น จากสถานการณการทองเที่ยวของหาดบางแสน จังหวัดชลบุรี ในปจจุบันยังไมมีความจําเปน ในการใชกลไกราคาเขามาควบคุมจํานวนนักทองเที่ยว 102 หนา ISBN 974-04-7074-2 CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii ABSTRACT iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Justification 1 1.2 Objectives 3 1.3 Conceptual Framework 4 1.4 Scope of Study 5 1.5 Variables of Study 5 1.6 Hypothesis of Study 5 1.7 Definition Terms 6 1.8 Abbreviations 7 1.9 Expected Results 7 II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 General Condition of Saensuk Municipality Area 8 2.2 Basic Concept of Economic Value 28 2.3 Valuation of Ecosystem Services 32 2.4 Ecosystem Values 32 2.5 Types of Values 33 2.6 Travel Cost Method (TCM) 34 2.7 Advantages of the Travel Cost Method 35 2.8 Issues and Limitation of the Travel Cost Method 36 2.9 Recreational Carrying Capacity 37 vii CONTENTS (CONT.) Page 2.10 The Concept of Carrying Capacity 38 2.11 Carrying Capacity Assessment Process (C-CAP) 39 2.12 Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC) 41 2.13 Related Researches 42 III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Methods 49 3.2 Sample Design 53 3.3 Questionnaires Design 54 3.4 Data Collection 55 3.5 Data Analysis 55 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 General Characteristics of Sampling Group 56 4.2 Valuation of Recreational Use Value of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province 62 4.3 Recreational Carrying Capacity Assessment 77 V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Recreational Valuation of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province 83 5.2 Tourist’ Behavior and Various Tourism Factors Associated with Use Value of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province 84 5.3 An Assessment of Physical Carrying Capacity of Bangsaen Beach, Chonburi Province 85 5.4 Recommendations 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY 89 APPENDIX 93 BIOGRAPHY 102 LIST OF TABLES Page Table 2-1 Represent tourist spots in Chonburi Province 10 Table 2-2 Represent average temperature divided by season in Saensuk Municipality area 12 Table 2-3 Represent average rain volume divided by season in Saensuk Municipality area 13 Table 2-4 Represent population divided by male-female in Saensuk Municipality area in 2005 16 Table 2-5 Represent forecast of population in Saensuk Municipality between 2006-2011 17 Table 2-6 Represent the classification of local tradition in Saensuk Municipality area 18 Table 2-7 Represent estimation on water supply demand in Saensuk Municipality between 2006-2011 21 Table 2-8 Represent estimation on wastewater in Saensuk Municipality between 2006-2011 24 Table 2-9 Represent estimation on rubbish volume in Saensuk Municipality between 2006-2011 25 Table 2-10 Usual standards for beach capacity 42 Table 2-11 The use value of forest by using ZTCM and ITCM 45 Table 4-1 Percentage of questionnaire answer divided by socioeconomic characteristic 58 Table 4-2 Percentage of questionnaire answer as tourist divided by habitat 59 Table 4-3 Percentage of questionnaire answer as tourist divided by tour reason 59 Table 4-4
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