Federal Republic of Nigeria

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

E4839 V4 FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

Public Disclosure Authorized

STATE EMPLOYMENT AND EXPENDITURE FOR RESULTS (SEEFOR) FINAL REPORT OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (ESMP) FOR ROAD REHABILITATION PROJECT IN WARRI METROPOLIS, DELTA STATE

Public Disclosure Authorized

August 27, 2015 Public Disclosure Authorized

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

TABLE OF CONTENTS Pages Title page i Executive Summary ii List of Acronyms v Units of measure vi Table of contents vii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Background 1 1.1 Project Description 2 1.2 Rationale for the Project 3 1.3 Rationale for the ESMP 3 1.4 Scope of Work 5 CHAPTER TWO: INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered By Seefor Projects 7 ii

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) OP 4.01 7 2.1.2 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) 8 2.1.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09) 8 2.1.4 Forest (OP 4.36) 9 2.1.5 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) 9 2.1.6 Forest (OP 4.36) 10 2.1.7 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines 10 2.2 Federal Policy, Legal, Regulatory and Administrative Frameworks 12 2.2.1 The Federal Ministry of Environment 12 2.2.2 The National Policy on the Environment (NPE) of 1989 12 2.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) 13 2.2.4 The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria 13 2.2.5 The National Effluents Limitations Regulation 13 2.2.6 The NEP (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations 13 2.2.7 The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations 14 2.2.8 National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (1999) 14 2.2.9 National Guidelines for Environmental Audit 14 2.2.10 National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control 2006 (FMEnv) 14 2.2.11 National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59 of 1991 14 2.2.12: The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 2007 (NESREA Act) 14 2.3 Other Relevant Acts and Legislations at Federal Level 15 2.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 15

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2.3.2 Forestry Act 15 2.3.3 Criminal Code 16 2.3.4 Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) 16 2.4 State Legislations 17 2.4.1 Delta State Ministry of Environment 18 2.4.2 Ministry of Lands, Urban and Regional Planning 20 2.4.3 Ministry of Works 21 2.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources 21 2.4.5 Ministry of Water Resources Development 21 2.4.6 Ministry of Women Affairs Community and Social Development 22 2.4.7 Delta State Directorate of Youth Development 22 2.5 SEEFROR - Adequacy of Legal Instruments for Environmental & Social Issues 23

CHAPTER THREE: GENERAL METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 24 3.2 ESMP Requirements 26 3.2.1 Screening 26 3.2.2 Scoping 26 3.3 ESMP Process 27 3.4 Baseline Study Methodology 27 3.5 Existing Conditions 28 3.6 Mapping of the Project Area 28 3.7 Socio-Economic Survey 28 3.7.1 Data Collection and sampling methodology 29 3.8 Impact Significance Assessment 31 3.8.2 Method for Determining Event Magnitude 31 3.8.3 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity 32 3.9 Trans-Boundary and Cumulative Impacts 33 3.10 Mitigation and Monitoring 33

CHAPTER FOUR: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS 4.0 Introduction 34 4.1 Description of Project Site 34 4.2 Description of the Selected Road Networks 37 4.3 Physical Environment 45 4.3.1 Relief and Drainage 46 4.3.2 Climate and meteorology 46 4.3.2.1 Explicit climate and meteorology 46

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4.3.2.2 Rainfall 46 4.3.2.2 Temperature 49 4.3.2.3 Relative Humidity (RH) 49 4.3.2.4 Sunshine Hours 50 4.3.2.5 Wind Patterns 50 4.3.3 Geology/Geomorphology/Hydrogeology 50 4.3.4 Air Quality and Noise 51 4.3.5 Groundwater Quality 52 4.3.6 Surface Water Quality 55 4.3.7 Soil Quality 56 4.3.8 Terrestrial Flora (Vegetation) 59 4.3.9 Terrestrial Flora (Wildlife) 61

CHAPTER FIVE: SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION 5.0 Introduction 63 5.1 Methodology 64 5.2 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Project Affected People (Pap) 64 5.2.1 Population Characteristics of the Proposed Project Area 64 5.2.2 Gender/Sex Profile 66 5.2.3 Age Profile 66 5.2.4 Ethnic group 67 5.2.5 Level of Education 68 5.2.6 Families and Households 69 5.2.6.1 Marital Status 69 5.2.6.2 Family Types 69 5.2.7 Residential Status of Respondents 71 5.2.8 Duration of Stay in Area 71 5.2.9 Employment Status of Respondents 72 5.2.10 Income Level of the Respondents 73 5.3 Assessment of Social Infrastructure and Standard of Living 74 5.3.1 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area 74 3.3.2 Source of Energy 75 5.4 Assessment of Health Status of Sampled Households 76 5.4.1 Method of Healthcare 76 5.4.2 Assessment of Ailment/Sickness Dominant in the Project Area 77 5.5 Sources of Domestic Water 78 5.6 Assessment of Waste Management Methods 79 5.7 Communities’ Environmental Concerns (CECS) 80 5.8 Impact Evaluation of the Road Rehabilitation Intervention Activities 82

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

CHAPTER SIX: ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 6.0 Introduction 84 6.1 Potential Impacts 84 6.1.1 Positive impacts 84 6.1.2 Negative Impacts 85 6.1.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase 86 6.1.2.2 Construction Phase 87 6.1.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase 88 6.1.3 Social Impacts 91 6.2 Analysis of Alternatives 94 6.2.1 No-Action alternative 95 6.2.2 The Use of Civil Works 95

CHAPTER SEVEN: ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 7.0 Introduction 98 7.1 Mitigation Measures 98 7.1.1 Pre-construction phase 98 7.1.2 Construction/Rehabilitation phase 105 7.1.2.2 Biological Impact 125 7.1.2.3 Socio-economic Impact 130 7.1.2.4 Public Health 146 7.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase 158 7.2 Institutional Responsibilities and Accountabilities 181 7.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 181 7.2.1.1 Key Agencies 181 7.2.1.2 Role of the Involved Agencies 181 7.2.1.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 182 7.2.2 Construction Phase 182 7.2.2.1 Key Agencies 182 7.2.2.2 Role of Involved Agencies 183 7.2.2.3 Reporting and Follow-Up 184 7.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase 184 7.2.3.1 Key Agencies 185 7.2.3.2 Role of Involved Agencies 185 7.2.3.3 Institutional and implementation arrangements for implementing the ESMP at the local level 186 7.3 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 186

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.3.1 Flora and Fauna Management Plan 187 7.3.2 Waste Management Plan 188 7.3.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan 190 7.3.4 Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan 192 7.3.5 Water Management Plan 193 7.3.6 Air Quality Management Plan 194 7.3.7 Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan 194 7.3.8 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan 195 7.3.9 Cultural Heritage Management Plan 196 7.3.10 Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan 197 7.3.11 Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan 198 7.3.12 Community Health & Safety Plan 199 7.3.13 Stakeholder Engagement Plan 200 201 7.3.14 Training Programmed 202 7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation 204 7.5 Implementation Schedule 205 7.6 ESMP Costing and Cost Analysis 206

CHAPTER EIGHT: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 208 Appendix I 209 Appendix II 216

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LIST OF TABLES Pages Table 1.1: Safeguards Triggered by Delta State SEEFOR intervention 2 Table 3.1: Details of the Sampling Methodology and the Questionnaires Administered 30 Table 4.1: Description of SEEFOR intervention projects in Warri metropolis 45 Table 4.2: Climatic Characteristics of the Project Area 47 Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality and Noise Results Table 4.4: Physio-chemical properties of groundwater samples collected from the Study area in Warri metropolis, Delta State 53 Table 4.5: Microbial properties of groundwater samples collected from the study area 54 Table 4.6: physio-chemical and microbial results of surface water samples From the study area 55 Table 4.7: Result of Soil Samples from the Study Area 57 Table 4.8: List of Fauna Species recorded in the Study Area 62 Table 5.1: Type of Materials in the Building and Tenure Systems 75 Table 5.2: Source of energy for lighting 76 Table 5.3 Sources of Domestic water 79 Table 5.4: Perceived environmental Impacts of the road network across the various stages of the rehabilitation project 81 Table 6.1: Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works 96 Table 7.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-construction phase 100 Table 7.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 106 Table 7.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts In the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 126 Table 7.4: Mitigation Measures for the socioeconomic impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 132 Table 7.5: Mitigation Measures for the public health impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase 147 Table 7.6: Mitigation Measures for Maintenance/Operational Phase 160 Table 7.7 shows the Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures for the various Plans 202 Table 7.8: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan 203 Table 7.9 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures 205 Table 7.10: ESMP Implementation Schedule 206 Table 7.11: Cost Analysis of the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/ maintenance ESMP Implementation 207

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LIST OF FIGURES Pages Fig. 3.1: The ESMP Methodology. 25 Fig. 3.2: IDI with Youths Leader in the Project site 30 Fig.3.3: IDI with a woman leader in the project site 30 Fig.4.1: Map of Delta State showing the Project LGAs 35 Fig. 4.2: Map of Warri Metropolis 36 Fig. 4.3: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing the boundaries of the three affected LGAs 36 Fig 4.4: Image Map of Warri metropolis showing NPA express and Refinery road 38 Fig 4.5: NPA Expressway 39 Fig.4.6: Ovie Palace road 39 Fig. 4.7 Refinery road 39 Fig. 4.8: Refinery road 39 Fig 4.9: Image Map showing Odion, Market and Cemetery Road 40 Fig. 4.10: Stadium road 40 Fig. 4.11: Odion roundabout 40 Fig. 4.12: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Jakpa road 41 Fig.4.13: A section of Jakpa road 41 Fig. 4.14: A section of Jakpa road 41 Fig.4.15: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Airport, Olomu road and Angle Park 42 Fig.4.16: Olomu road 42 Fig 4.17: Okere roundabout 42 Fig.4.18: Image Map showing the Church road network in Otor udu community 43 Fig.4.19: A section of Church road, Udu 43 Fig.4.20: A section of Church road, Udu 44 Fig 4.21: Rainfall Characteristics of the Project Area 48 Fig 4.22: Characteristics of Daily Temperature within the Project Area 49 Fig 4.23: Characteristics of Relative Humidity within the Project Area 50 Fig 4.24: Bush fallow in the study area 61 Fig. 5.1: Population Estimation and Projection of the Project Site 65 Fig. 5.2: Sex Profile of Respondents 66 Fig. 5.3: Age Profile of Respondents 67 Fig. 5.4: Ethnic groupings and Classification of the Respondents 68 Fig. 5.5: Educational Status of the Respondents 68 Fig. 5.6: Marital Status 69

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Fig. 5.7: Household typology 70 Fig. 5.8: Household Size in the Study Area 70 Fig. 5.9: Residential Status of Respondents 71 Fig 5.10: Length of Residence 72 Fig. 5.11: Main Occupation of Respondents 73 Fig. 5.12: Income Status 73 Fig. 5.13: Health Status of Sampled Individuals and Households 77 Fig. 5.14: Ailment/Sickness Rampant Among the Sampled Households 78 Fig. 5.15 Solid Waste Management Methods Fig 5.16: Impact of the Present State of the proposed project site 81 Fig. 5.17: Possible causes of youthful restiveness during the project 82

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Executive Summary

The Delta State Government has received an advance on the proceeds of a credit through the World Bank Assisted Project on State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) to improve the composition and effectiveness of public expenditure by strengthening public management systems and service delivery whilst enhancing employment generation in the state. Consequent upon this, there is the need to assess the Environmental and Social Impacts of intervention project by the Delta State SEEFOR’s call for Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) in the proposed interventions at the Warri Metropolis, including Warri South, Uvwie and Udu Local Government Areas.

Description of Project Activities This assessment covers the proposed project activities financed by World Bank SEEFOR in Warri, covering local government areas of Warri South, Uvwie and Udu in Delta State, Nigeria. The project is aimed at rehabilitating and maintaining existing road networks while generating employment opportunities for youth in the proposed project affected areas through civil works.

Existing Safeguard Instruments and Rationale for the ESMP This ESMP was drafted in accordance with The World Bank Operating Policy 4 and is consistent with the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) that was prepared and disclosed by the project. The ESMP is designed to guide the process of the proposed intervention projects with a view to enhancing project benefits and introduce standards of good environmental and social practice for sustainable development in the State. The SEEFOR project activities in Delta State have been categorized as B. As a consequence, the potential environmental and social impacts of activities that are eligible to be funded under this project are site-specific, non-cumulative, relatively easy to mitigate to acceptable levels and thus requires mainly ESMP.

Institutional Framework

SEEFOR involves many federal and state ministries, departments and agencies (MDAs), local governments, communities, and the civil society. Effective implementation, monitoring and

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

evaluation of the project require inter-ministerial and inter-state coordination, collaboration, and information sharing. Thus, each component, sub-component and activity of the project is to be implemented through relevant federal and state MDAs. To this end, the various MDAs include those responsible for planning, economy and finance, works, agriculture, water resources, forests, transport, power, emergency response, as well as those focused on climate and hydrological information or watershed/ basin regulation. The investments would be executed through the Delta SEEFOR, as the state has the primary responsibility for land management in the state.

The National Project Coordinating Unit (NPCU) is the lead implementing agency for SEEFOR. The National Project Coordinating Unit (NPCU) is headed by a National Coordinator and hosted by FMEnv is responsible for the overall coordination of the project. The Delta State Project Coordinating Unit (Delta-SPCU), headed by the State Coordinator and hosted by Delta State Ministry of Environment is responsible for project coordination in the State, thus is directly responsible for the coordinating activities of the proposed projects including the implementation of this ESMP. Both the federal and state levels coordinating units have environmental officers responsible for mainstreaming environmental issues into SEEFOR projects. The Delta State environmental officer is also directly responsible for coordinating the implementation of this ESMP on behalf of the State Project Coordinator. At the community level, the road rehabilitation and maintenance Monitoring Committee will effectively participate in ensuring full compliance during project implementation including civil work activities. The World Bank will provide oversight and guidance to the borrower as needed. However, it is the responsibility of the borrower/proponent (Delta SEEFOR SPCU in this instance) to ensure that World Bank safeguards policies are complied with in the implementation of the SEEFOR Project.

Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework The requirement for an Environmental Assessment and Social Management Plan is in compliance with the laws of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the policies of the World Bank that are geared towards achieving sustainable development goals through proper and adequate care for the environment, health and social well-being of her citizens. This report is prepared in accordance with SEEFOR provision of ESMF, PAD, PIM and RPF. However, in the event of dissonance between the World Bank Safeguard Policies and the extant laws of Nigeria, World Bank Safeguard Policies will supersede. xii

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Biophysical Environment The assessment of biophysical environment of the study area covers general climate and meteorology, air quality and noise level, topography, regional hydrology, water and soil quality, geology, ecosystem, vegetation, plant physiognomy, crops, fauna and wildlife resources. In this regard, the values of all the measured parameters, with the exception of the pH for the ground water were within the acceptable limits of FMENV and other international standards Also, none of the plant species and wildlife found is recorded in the vulnerable category of the IUCN.

Socio-Economic Characteristics A study of the socio-economic characteristics of the project area reveals that:  The threat posed by the proposed project is minimal and can be curtailed using proposed measures in this ESMP;  A high proportion of respondents in working class who have lived in the area for over five years and have a sound knowledge about the history of the roads and can contribute to the whole process of SEEFOR intervention.;  The proportion of literate population that attained secondary level of education is 35.90%;  High proportion of individuals engaged in trading. There is also a reasonable number of people engaged in farming, thus the proposed project will assist in terms of accessible commerce and trading;  Income level is mainly between N5,000 to N60,000; and  Malaria is the predominant ailment of the people.

Potential Environmental and Socio-Economic Impact The social impacts of the project implemented are highly positive. There was a unanimous agreement among respondents that the proposed project will enhance accessibility and encourage high productivity. They also agreed that it will reduce economic hardships imposed on commuters especially during period of rainfall and reduce travel distance to some strategic location within the metropolis. Other concerns associated with the project include; employment opportunities, flood control and improvements on traffic and transportation.

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Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works

Criteria No Action The Civil Work

Overall Protection of This will not benefit the The maintenance and Environment and Human concerned stakeholders and rehabilitation of the road will lead Health (General community residents owing to to improvement of life. Properties protection mechanisms) the observed level of damages will be secured, lives being saved, from the road networks. resources being recovered, Unemployment will continue transportation facilities enhanced to increase, poor road and general restoration of livelihood. It will benefit the condition will remain and this Project Affected People and the will continue to reduce residents. accessibility to sources of livelihood.

Short-term Effectiveness The No-Action alternative The timeline for the civil and other does not add any specific input construction works is long term. to the stated criteria. Nevertheless, the benefits derivable are still better than a No-

Action alternative.

Long-term Effectiveness This alternative does not meet Civil works will provide long-term and Permanence the long-term effectiveness effectiveness for the roads. and permanence criteria.

Environmental and Social Mitigation Measures Potential impacts, especially during the implementation phase include issues such as: flood, Air quality issues, soil compaction, waste management traffic and transportation including diversion during construction. Measures were developed to mitigate the identified impacts. Other identifiable components of the environment, social sphere and health implications were also considered with respect to the projects implemented.

Best available control technology including; dust suspension techniques, routine watering, proper drainage alignment and leveling, community mobilization amongst others were stated as mitigation measures. Other controls measures for specific impacts include; proper waste disposal systems, speed limit indications and speed breaker, engagement of the community on health, safety and the environment amongst others. The residents of the Warri metropolis significantly expressed their desires for the intervention. This ESMP therefore recommend the execution of the proposed SEEFOR intervention project in the study area and the implementation of the xiv

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mitigation measures proposed for the project. A cost estimate of about Forty Two Thousand Five Hundred dollars ($42,500: 00) was estimated for the proposed mitigation measures. It was concluded that to enhance the benefits of the proposed intervention by the Delta State SEEFOR at all phases of the projects’ execution, the mitigation measures provided in the Warri Metropolis SEFFOR ESMP will be strictly followed. Recommendations and Conclusion Environmental and social impacts analyses show that the benefits of the proposed SEEFOR intervention project in Warri outweigh the adverse impacts. As a consequence, this ESMP study recommends the implementation of proposed road project in Warri. Through consultation with stakeholders and communities affected by the proposed project, it was realized the project will enhance effective and efficient intra and inter urban mobility while at the same it will create employment opportunities for the youths in the area. As it is evident, the responses from the host communities and individuals on implementation were highly positive.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

LIST OF ACRONYMS

ARAR - Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements BOD - Biochemical Oxygen Demand COD - Chemical Oxygen Demand DO - Dissolved Oxygen DSWB - Delta State Waste Management Board EA - Environmental Assessment EIA - Environmental Impact Assessment ESMP - Environmental and Social Management Plan FEPA - Federal Environmental Protection Agency FGD - Focus Group Discussion FGN - Federal Government of Nigeria Fen - Federal Ministry of Environment GPS - Global Positioning System

H2S - Hydrogen supplied IDI - In-Depth Interviews IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature ISO - International Standard Organization LGA - Local Government Area MDAs - Ministries, Departments and Agencies SEEFOR - State Employment and Expenditure for Results PMU - Project Management Unit VOC - Volatile Organic Compounds SPCU - State Project Coordinating Unit Smoke - State Ministry of Environment SMoW - State Ministry of Work SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter TDS - Total Dissolved Solids TSS - Total Suspended Solids WHO - World Health Organisation

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UNITS OF MEASURE 0C - degree Centigrade 0F - degree Fahrenheit cfu - colony forming units

CO2 - carbon dioxide dB - decibel g - gram Ha - Hectare hr/h - hour kg - kilogramme km - kilometer L - litre m - metre max - maximum mg - milligram ms-1 - metre per second

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CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.0 BACKGROUND The Government of Nigeria has requested the assistance of the World Bank in the preparation of State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR). The project development objective (PDO) is to improve the composition and effectiveness of public expenditure by strengthening public management systems and service delivery whilst enhancing employment generation in participating states.

This project is not anticipated to lead to any large scale acquisition of land or denial of access to usual means of livelihood or even disruption of environmental amenities. However, for due diligence, it has become necessary to prepare an Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) to be used for the implementation of the SEEFOR Project. Also, the civil engineering activities will involve the use of low and medium and heavy duty equipment including but not limited to Loader, Grader, Bulldozer, Generator, Mixer, Concrete Pump and Pneumatic Hammer amongst other.

1.1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project is designed around two main components - Public Financial Management (PFM and service delivery - under which selected activities will be implemented to produce outputs that will contribute towards the achievement of the PDO. The latter will have three sub-components: (a) training and skills development; (b) youth employment and (c) Community Driven Development (CDD). The potential environmental impacts identified in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) are those associated with: (i) rehabilitation and maintenance of existing roads and public buildings, (ii) community infrastructure and (iii) agricultural development which is expected to lead to increased production for rural farmers and value added processing and marketing for such farmers.

The impacts to be mitigated by this ESMP include, amongst others, sweeping of surface travelled roads, de-silting of drains, Patching of potholes, repairs of collapsed drains, vegetation control on the kerbs and painting of kerbs. A comprehensive description of the activities is reported in section 4.2

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

The Delta SEEFOR project in Warri is likely to trigger a number of World Bank Safeguard Policies. These are indicated in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1: Safeguards Triggered by Delta State SEEFOR intervention Safeguard Policies Triggered by the Project Yes No Environmental Assessment (OP/BP/GP 4.01) [x] [ ] Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x] [ ] Pest Management (OP 4.09) [ ] [x] Cultural Property (OPN 11.03, being revised as OP 4.11) [ ] [x] Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) [x] [ ] Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20, being revised as OP 4.10) [ ] [x] Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [ ] [x] Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [x] Projects in Disputed Areas (OP/BP/GP 7.60) [ ] [x] Projects on International Waterways (OP/BP/GP 7.50) [ ] [x]

To mitigate the risks of environmental and social impacts as identified in the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF), the project components will incorporate a range of environmental safeguards elements and ensure active community compliance with the safeguards as detailed in the ESMF and the RPF.

1.2 RATIONALE FOR THE PROJECT The level of youth unemployment in Delta State just is significantly similar to that of other Niger Delta region States. This is more so, as youth unemployment in the Niger Delta just like other parts of the world, is driven by demographic, educational and economic factors that have characterised every society where unemployment is high. Specifically, two-thirds of the population of the Niger Delta is below 30 years of age. With pervasive poverty and unemployment in the region, many youths are susceptible to being recruited into militancy and criminal activities. The persistent tension in the region has further encouraged more youths to prefer quick and profitable gains from conflict over long term and frequently unavailable investments in education and training. Indeed, youth restiveness and persistent conflict in the Niger Delta region hurt both the local and national economy and even the global economy.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

With the right interventions in skills development and training, this army of unemployed youth could be transformed into a huge asset for the economy. The situation in the region is worsened by poor governance which further contributes to poverty and social unrest. Besides, the declining economic performance has led to rising unemployment or underemployment while the lack of access to basic necessities of life such as water, shelter, food and clothing and discriminatory policies are clear indications of bad governance. In spite of the increased revenue allocation to states and local governments in the Niger Delta, a recent citizen report card shows that many communities have benefited little of government presence in terms of development projects, pointing to ineffective public finance management in the states.

The SEEFOR project is thus designed in this direction to respond to both the short term and medium term needs of Delta state by improving: 1. Jobs availability, 2. Poverty Alleviation, 3. Better Resource Management, 4. Elimination of Corruption and 5. Sustain Economic Development. Specifically in Warri, it is however, estimated that the expected (indicative) labor requirements for the proposed project will range between 100 and 150 people.

1.3 RATIONALE FOR THE ESMP The objective of the ESMP is to facilitate effective decision-making and to ensure that implementation processes during the execution of the proposed project activities are sustainable. Specifically, the ESMP seeks to provide a clear process including action plans to integrate environmental and social considerations into the SEEFOR.

The specific objectives of the ESMP are to:  Assess the potential environmental and social impacts of the sub-projects (rehabilitation, extensions of or new constructions in intervention sites, livelihood adaption, etc.), whether positive or negative, and propose measures and plans to reduce or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and enhance the positive impacts of the project.  Establish clear procedures and methodologies for incorporating environmental management requirements including stake holder engagement in the implementation of the project and all sub projects;  Ensure the project is carried out in accordance with Nigerian and World Bank guidelines and safeguards. ;

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

 Provide a strategy for the integration of social and environmental consideration at all stages of the project planning, design, execution and operation of various sub-projects;  Ensure that l positive social and environmental impacts of sub-projects are enhanced and that measures are designed to avoid or minimize, any potential adverse impacts;  Provide measures to mitigate any potential negative impacts of the project and a detailed management plan to manage the social and environmental impacts of the project.  Provide guidelines to appropriate roles and responsibilities, and outline the necessary reporting procedures, for managing and monitoring environmental and social impacts of the program and sub-projects;  Determine the training, capacity building and technical assistance needed to successfully implement the provisions of the ESMP;  Comply with regulatory and policy requirements (local and international) that are applicable to the program and sub projects;  Identify potential environmental policies, legal and institutional framework pertaining to the project.  Establish clear directives and methodologies for the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIAs) as might be needed for specific sub-projects.  Identify modalities for estimating and budgeting the costs for the implementation of the environmental Management Plan for the projects.  Ascertain the agencies responsible for the implementation of the project’s Environmental Management Plans and the projects’ Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E).

This ESMP report for the Road rehabilitation project will be used by the SEEFOR in Delta State in seeking to implement the proposed SEEFOR project. It is mandatory for the government of Nigeria to take into cognizance relevant state-owned laws, where the project will be executed to comply with all national and international environmental requirements in order to meet legal obligations and to ensure a sustainable project.

1.4 SCOPE OF WORK The objective of the consulting services is to prepare an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for road rehabilitation intervention activities in Warri, Delta State.

The specific tasks include the following:

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

a) Describe the existing status of the roads and review of relevant documentation; b) Identify the environmental and social issues/risks associated with the existing conditions; c) Develop a plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with construction and operation in the in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies; d) Identify feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental and social impacts to acceptable levels; e) Develop a time-bound plan for mitigating environmental and social risks associated with the road management in consultation with the relevant public and government agencies; f) Identify monitoring objectives and specifies the type of monitoring, with linkages to the impacts assessed and the mitigation measures described above (in a-e); g) Provide a specific description of institutional arrangements: the agencies responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, remedial action, financing, reporting, and staff training) and the contractual arrangements for assuring the performance of each implementing agency; h) Define technical assistance programs that could strengthen environmental management capability in the agencies responsible for implementation; i) Provide an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and j) Provide the expected capital and recurrent cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP and inform accordingly the design consultants so that these costs are duly taken into consideration in the designs.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

CHAPTER TWO INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2.1 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES TRIGGERED BY SEEFOR PROJECTS The World Bank's environmental and social safeguard policies are a cornerstone of its support to sustainable poverty reduction. The objective of these policies is to prevent and mitigate undue harms to people and their respective environment in the developmental processes. These policies provide guidelines for the Bank and borrower staffs in the identification, preparation, and implementation of programs and projects.

The effectiveness and development impact of projects and programs supported by the Bank has substantially increased as a result of the attention given to these policies. Safeguard policies have also provided a platform for the participation of stakeholders in project design, and have been an important instrument for building ownership among local populations.

The environmental and social safeguard policies of the World Bank triggered by SEEFOR and the proposed intervention are as follows:

2.1.1 Environmental Assessment (EA) OP 4.01 The State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR) is a category B project which indicates minor and non-cumulative potential impacts on the environment and social lives of the people in the participating states. As such the project impacts can easily be managed to acceptable level.

Consequent upon its scale, the types of problems it addresses, the possibilities of significant adverse impacts if the interventions it supports are not correctly designed and implemented, and the challenges presented by the need to strengthen institutional capacities at Federal, State and Local levels, where the functions of environmental enforcement and SEEFOR implementation are closely linked, the project has triggered this instrument. In essence, an Environmental Assessment is conducted to ensure that Bank-financed projects are environmentally sound and sustainable, and that decision-making is improved through appropriate analysis of actions and of their likely environmental impacts. Any World Bank project that is likely to have potential adverse environmental risks and impacts in its area of

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

influence requires an EA indicating the potential risks, mitigation measures and environmental management framework or plan.

2.1.2 Natural Habitats (OP 4.04) This Policy is triggered by the SEEFOR in the sense that the project has the potential to cause significant conversion (loss) or degradation of natural habitats, whether directly (through construction) or indirectly (through human activities induced by the project). For projects with potential adverse impacts on the natural habitat, the Bank takes into consideration the borrower's ability to implement the appropriate conservation and mitigation measures. If there are potential institutional capacity problems, the project then must include components that develop the capacity of national and local institutions for effective environmental planning and management. If the environmental assessment indicates that the project and sub-project would significantly convert or degrade natural habitats, the proposed project will not be eligible for financing.

2.1.3 Pest Management (OP 4.09) The SEEFOR intervention projects as noted above will inevitably lead to loss of natural habitats and forests. These two activities will at the long run culminate in the prevalence of pests, hence the use of pesticides, which triggers the pest management policy of the World Bank. The Bank’s position is that rural development and health sector projects have to avoid using harmful pesticides. A preferred solution is to use an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technique which encourages their use in the whole of the sectors concerned.

Thus, if pesticides have to be used in crop protection or in the fight against vector-borne disease, the Bank-funded project will include a Pest Management Plan (PMP), prepared by the borrower, either as a stand-alone document or as part of an Environmental Assessment.

2.1.4 Forest (OP 4.36) The SEEFOR projects also triggered the forest operational policy of the World Bank. This is more so as the policy applied to the following types of Bank financed investment projects: a. Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; b. Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests;

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c. Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned.

This operational policy is designed to reduce deforestation, enhance the environmental contribution of forested areas, promote afforestation, reduce poverty, and encourage economic development. The policy recognizes the role forests play in poverty alleviation, economic development, and in providing local as well as global environmental services.

2.1.5 Involuntary Resettlement (OP 4.12) . The goal of this policy is to assist displaced persons in their efforts to improve or at least restore their incomes and standards of living after displacement. The key objectives of the World Bank’s policy on involuntary land acquisition are to avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs; assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production level, or at least in restoring them; encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement; and provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure. The policy covers not only physical relocation, but any loss of land or other assets resulting in relocation or loss of shelter; loss of assets or access to assets; loss of income sources or means of livelihood whether or not the affected people must move to another location. In triggering this policy, a Resettlement Action Plan or an abbreviated plan would be prepared when less than 200 people are affected by the project. In situations, where all the precise impacts cannot be assessed during project preparation, provision is made for preparing a Resettlement Policy Framework. However, this policy is not triggered by Warri road rehabilitation

2.1.6 Forest (OP 4.36) The SEEFOR projects also triggered the forest operational policy of the World Bank. This is more so as the policy applied to the following types of Bank financed investment projects: a. Projects that have or may have impacts on the health and quality of forests; b. Projects that affect the rights and welfare of people and their level of dependence upon or interaction with forests;

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c. Projects that aim to bring about changes in the management, protection, or utilization of natural forests or plantations, whether they are publicly, privately, or communally owned.

Since some of the sites have direct link to forest resources, the SEEFOR project ultimately triggered the Forest (OP 4.36) policy. This is particularly true of the Road rehabilitation intervention site.

2.1.7 Nigeria EA Guidelines and World Bank EA Guidelines The Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86 of 1992 requires that development projects be screened for their potential impact. Based on the screening, a full, partial, or no Environmental impact assessment may be required. Guidelines issued in 1995 direct the screening process.

According to the guidelines,  Category I projects will require a full Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).  Category II projects may require only a partial EIA, which will focus on mitigation and Environmental planning measures, unless the project is located near an environmentally sensitive area--in which case a full EIA is required.  Category III projects are considered to have “essentially beneficial impacts” on the environment, for which the Federal Ministry of the Environment will prepare an Environmental Impact Statement.

With regard to environmental assessment, the Bank has equally categorized projects based on the type of EA required, namely:  Category A - projects are those whose impacts are sensitive, diverse, unprecedented, felt beyond the immediate project environment and are potentially irreversible over the long term. Such projects require full EA.  Category B - projects involve site specific and immediate project environment interactions, do not significantly affect human populations, do not significantly alter natural systems and resources, do not consume much natural resources (e.g., ground water) and

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have adverse impacts that are not sensitive, diverse, unprecedented and are mostly reversible. Category B projects will require partial EA, and environmental and social action plans.  Category C - Projects are mostly benign and are likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. Beyond screening, no further EA action is required for a Category C project, although some may require environmental and social action plans.  Category FI- A proposed project is classified as Category FI if it involves investment of Bank funds through a financial intermediary, in subprojects that may result in adverse environmental impacts.

This World Bank categorization ( A, B, & C) corresponds in principle with the Nigeria EIA requirements of Category I, II and III, which in actual practice is done with regard to the level of impacts associated with a given project.

However, in the event of divergence between the two, the World Bank safeguard policy shall take precedence over Nigeria EA laws, guidelines and or standards. In the same vein, the Federal laws overrule the Delta State policy in case of any conflict. 2.2 FEDERAL POLICY, LEGAL, REGULATORY AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS A number of national and local environmental guidelines are applicable to the operation of the SEEFOR. A summary of these are provided below:

2.2.1 The Federal Ministry of Environment The Act establishing the Ministry places on it the responsibility of ensuring that all development and industry activity, operations and emissions are carried out within the limits prescribed in the National Guidelines and Standards. The Ministry is also responsible for ensuring compliance with relevant regulations for environmental pollution management in Nigeria. To fulfill this mandate a number of regulations/instruments are available (See section on National Legal Instruments on Environment). However, the main instrument for ensuring that environmental and social issues are mainstreamed into developmental projects is the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act No. 86 of 1992. With this Act, the FMEnv prohibits public and private sectors from embarking on major developmental projects or activities without due consideration, at the early stages, for environmental and social impacts. The Act makes an EIA mandatory for any developmental project, and prescribes the procedures for conducting and reporting EIA studies.

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As part of the effective utilization of the EIA tool, the Ministry has produced Sectoral guidelines detailing the necessary requirements of the EIA process from each Sector. One of these Sectoral Guidelines that apply to the proposed intervention project is the Sectoral Guidelines on Infrastructure Development. The relevant National Legal Instruments on Environment will be explained as follows:

2.2.2 The National Policy on the Environment (NPE) of 1989 The National Policy on Environment 1989 (revised 1999) provides for “a viable national mechanism for cooperation, coordination and regular consultation, as well as harmonious management of the policy formulation and implementation process which requires the establishment of effective institutions and linkages within and among the various tiers of government that is, federal, state and local government”. The objective of the policy is to achieve sustainable development in Nigeria pertaining to:

 Securing a quality environment adequate for good health and wellbeing;

 Conserving the environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations;

 Raising public awareness and promoting understanding of the essential linkages between the environmental resources and developments and encouraging individual and community participations in environmental improvement efforts;

 Maintaining and enhancing the ecosystems and ecological processes essential for the functioning of the biosphere to preserve biological diversity; and

 Co-operating with other countries, international organizations and agencies to achieve optimal use and effective prevention or abatement of trans-boundary environmental degradation.

2.2.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Act No. 86, 1992 (FMEnv) This Act provides guidelines for activities of developmental projects for which EIA is mandatory in Nigeria. It also stipulates the minimum content of an EIA as well as a schedule of projects, which require mandatory EIAs.

2.2.4 The National Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria This was launched on March 12th 1991 and represents the basic instrument for monitoring and controlling industrial and urban pollution.

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2.2.5 The National Effluents Limitations Regulation This instrument makes it mandatory for industrial facilities to install anti-pollution equipment, make provision for further effluent treatment, prescribe maximum limit of effluent parameters allowed for discharge, and spell out penalties for contravention. It also provides that all industries in Nigeria will operate on the basis of Best Available Technology (BAT).

2.2.6 The NEP (Pollution Abatement in Industries and Facilities Generating Waste) Regulations Restrictions are imposed on the release of toxic substances and requirement of Stipulated Monitoring of pollution to ensure that permissible limits are not exceeded; Unusual and accidental discharges; Contingency plans; Generator's liabilities; Strategies of waste reduction and safety for workers. 2.2.7 The Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Regulations These regulate the collection, treatment, and disposal of solid and hazardous waste for municipal and industrial sources and give the comprehensive list of chemicals and chemical waste by toxicity categories.

2.2.8 National Guidelines on Environmental Management Systems (1999) The guidelines establish the requirements for an Environmental Management System (EMS) in all organizations / facilities in Nigeria. They also state that this EMS will be audited annually or as deemed necessary.

2.2.9 National Guidelines for Environmental Audit These are designed to serve as references for compliance with the Environmental Audit requirements of the FMEnv. The guideline states that it is mandatory for a company to carry out an audit every 3 years or at the discretion of the Hon. Minister of the FMEnv.

2.2.10 National Policy on Flood and Erosion Control 2006 (FMEnv) This policy addresses the need to combat erosion in the country by utilizing the procedures outlined in the National Action Plan for Flood and Erosion Control and Technical Guidelines, developed by the WIC Environmental Committee, which was set up to plan an operational platform for these issues. This particular policy has a direct bearing on the SEEFOR project activities.

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2.2.11 National Air Quality Standard Decree No. 59 of 1991 The FMEH is the regulatory agency charged with enforcing ambient air quality standards in Nigeria. The World Health Organization (WHO) air quality standards were adopted in 1991 as the national standards by the FMEH. These standards define the levels of air pollutants that will not be exceeded in order to protect public health.

2.2.12: The National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency Act 2007 (NESREA Act) After the repealing of the Federal Environmental Protection Act of 1988, the NESREA Act, 2007 became the major statutory regulation or instrument guiding environmental matters in Nigeria. It specially makes provision for solid waste management and its administration and prescribes sanctions for offences or acts, which run contrary to proper and adequate waste disposal procedures and practices.

2.3 Other Relevant Acts and Legislations at Federal Level 2.3.1 Land Use Act of 1978 The land-use Act of 1978 states that, “It is in the public interest that the rights of all Nigerians to use and enjoy land in Nigeria and the Natural fruits thereof in sufficient quality to enable them to provide for the sustenance of themselves and their families will be assured, protected and preserved’. This implies that acts that could result in the pollution of the land, air, and waters of Nigeria negate this decree, and is therefore unacceptable.

Furthermore, the Land Use Act of 1978 (modified in 1990) remains the primary legal means to acquire land in the country. The Act vests all land comprised in the territory of each state in the federation in the governor of the State and requires that such land shall be held in trust and administered for the use and common benefit of all Nigerians in accordance with the provisions of this Act.

According to the Act, administration of land area is divided into urban land, which will be directly under the control and management of the Governor of each State; and non-urban land, which will be under the control and management of the Local Government. State Governors are given the right to grant statutory rights of occupancy to any person or any purpose; and the Local Government will have the right to grant customary rights of occupancy to any person or organization for agricultural, residential and other purposes.

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2.3.2 Forestry Act This Act of 1958 provides for the preservation of forests and the setting up of forest reserves. It is an offence, punishable with up to 6 months imprisonment, to cut down trees over 2ft in girth or to set fire to the forest except under special circumstances. Nigeria is at present a wood deficit nation. In order to ameliorate the situation, the policy on forest resources management and sustainable use is aimed at achieving self-sufficiency in all aspects of forest production through the use of sound forest management techniques as well as the mobilization of human and material resources. The overall objectives of forest policy are to prevent further deforestation and to recreate forest cover, either for productive or for protective purposes, on already deforested fragile land.

Specifically, the National Agricultural Policy of 1988 in which the Forestry Policy is subsumed, provides for:  Consolidation and expansion of the forest estate in Nigeria and its management for sustained yield;  Regeneration of the forests at rates higher than exploitation;  Conservation and protection of the environment viz: forest, soil, water, flora, fauna and the protection of the forest resources from fires, cattle grazers and illegal encroachment;  Development of Forestry industry through the harvesting and utilisation of timber, its derivatives and the reduction of wastes; and  Wildlife conservation, management and development through the creation and effective management of national parks, game reserves, tourist and recreational facilities, etc.

2.3.3 Criminal Code The Nigerian Criminal Code makes it an offence punishable with up to 6 month imprisonment for any person who:  Violates the atmosphere in any place so as to make it noxious to the health of persons in general dwelling or carry on business in the neighbourhood, or passing along a public way: or  Does any act which is, and which he knows or has reason to believe to be likely to spread the infection of any disease dangerous to life, whether human or animal?

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2.3.4 Inland Waterways Authority (NIWA) Nigeria Inland Water Authority (NIWA) Act 13 of 1997 established NIWA whose functions are among others are to:  Provide regulations for inland navigation;  Ensure the development of infrastructural facilities for a national inland waterways network connecting the creeks and the rivers with the economic centres using the river-ports as nodal points for inter model exchange;  Ensure the development of indigenous technical and managerial skill to meet the challenges of modern inland waterways transportation; and  Carry out environmental impact assessment of navigation and other dredging activities within the inland water and its right-of-ways.

2.4 State Legislations In consonance with Part III of the FMENV Act and the need to protect public health and safety, and to restore and enhance environmental quality, and sustain economic vitality through effective and efficient implementation of environmental programmes, the three States Government have set up State Ministries of Environment and/or Environmental Protection Agency that takes charge of Environment affairs in the States.

The Ministries and/or EPA are charged with the responsibility of providing decent, orderly and reasonable conducive environment for habitable society, as contained in the assignments of Ministerial responsibilities.

Inter alia, the Ministries are empowered to give direction to all issues concerning the environment, monitor and control pollution and the disposal of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes generated by various facilities in the states. Some of the functions of the State Ministries of Environment include: (i) Liaising with the Federal Ministry of Environment, FMENV to achieve a healthy or better management of the environment via development of National Policy on Environment (ii) Co-operating with FMENV and other National Directorates/Agencies in the performance of environmental functions including environmental education/awareness to the citizenry (iii) Responsibility for monitoring waste management standards, (iv) Responsibility for general environmental matters in the State, and

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(v) The implementation of EIA studies and other environmental studies for all development projects in the State.

Largely, the federal legislation serves as the benchmark in the execution of standards in the states. Some laws in the States include:  Delta State Law No. 7 of 2007 (Ecology Law, 2006).  Delta State Waste Management Board Law No 4, 2004  Delta State Environmental Protection Agency (DELSEPA), Edict No. 5 of 1997

The administrative arrangements to handle environmental problems in Delta State are championed by the following parastatals:

2.4.1 Delta State Ministry of Environment The Ministry of Environment created April, 2001 is assigned the following responsibilities: 1. Environmental Policies: 2. Environmental protection and control ; 3. Environmental Technology including initiation of policy in relation to environmental research and technology 4. Planning designing and construction of ecological and environmental facilities; 5. Environmental Sanitation and Urban Waste Disposal and Management 6. Provision of Sanitary means of human disposal; 7. Liaising with oil companies on pollution and Environmental Matters: Forestry, Soil and water conservation, Wild life Preservation, Botanical Gardens, etc.

Parastatals in the Delta State Ministry of Environment a. Delta State Environmental Protection Agency (DELSEPA) The Agency performs the following functions 1. Prepare and update a State Environmental Action Plan to improve the quality of the environment. 2. Cooperate with the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and other relevant National Directorates/Agencies in the promotion of Environmental education in the citizenry. 3. Monitor the implementation of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the Environmental Audit Report (EAR) guidelines and procedures on all development policies and projects within the State.

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4. Clarify and reinforce the role of Local and State Administration in the Management of wastes and other forms of pollution. 5. Mobilize the inhabitants of all areas in the State for the effective observation of environmental rules and guidelines for the promotion of healthy and safe environment.

Management The Agency has the following Departments for effective and efficient performance of its functions: i. Finance and Administration; ii. Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation; iii. Natural Resources Management; iv. Waste/pollution Management and; v. Legal Services. b. Delta State Waste Management Board The Board performs the following functions: i. Clear refuse from designated refuse dumps and bins along the streets and corners of the villages, towns and cities in the state; ii. Manage the disposal and recycling of refuse and other waste materials in a manner that will cause little or no harm to the environment and people living in the state. iii. Acquire and maintain refuse dumpsites and recycling facilities in all Local Government Areas of the state; iv. Procure and maintain all vehicles and equipment necessary for proper management of refuse and waste materials in the state; v. Control, recycle and manage effluent discharge industrial and domestic waste from households and companies operating within the state; vi. License, register and regulate the operations of all waste management companies in the state; vii. Formulate and foster private sector participation schemes in waste management in partnership with registered waste management companies; viii. Educate the public on the importance and different methods of waste management for the purpose of maintaining a clean and sustainable environment and improving public sanitary habits and health standards;

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ix. Monitor and enforce complaints with waste management standards and practices prescribed under this law; x. Monitor and evaluate from time to time as the Board may determine the possible effects of the dumpsites waste on the environment and cast effective restoration; xi. Develop the skills and knowledge of its employees and provide facilities for training, education and research; xii. Undertake research in waste management methodology and technology; xii. Establish waste treatment and recycling facilities in the states; xiii. Advise Government in the formulation of waste management policies and in the preparation review of action plans on waste management; and xiv. Perform such other functions as may be prescribed by a law of the House of Assembly.

Administrative structure and control The following departments exist in the Board: (a) Department of Finance and Supplies; (b) Department of Operations; (c) Department of Administration and Human Resources; (d) Department of Legal Services and Compliance.

2.4.2 Ministry of Lands, Urban and Regional Planning The Ministry performs the responsibilities for the following:  Land policies;  Advice on Land Tenure;  Management of Land and Government properties;  Administration of Land Use Decree;  Town Planning;  Urban Development;  City and Town Rejuvenation.

Parastatals  Urban Planning Board;  Land Use and Allocation Committee.

Office of the Surveyor-General with responsibility for:  Boundary Surveys; 18

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 Mapping and Geo- Informatics;  Cadastral and Special Surveys

2.4.3 Ministry of Works This Ministry has the responsibilities for:  Public Works including the construction and maintenance of State Government Urban and Rural Roads, Bridges and Drainages;  Explosives;  Sewage and Waste Water Control.

2.4.4 Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources The Ministry of Agriculture has the major responsibilities in the followings:  Agricultural Services;  Produce Inspection;  Livestock;  Veterinary Services;  Fisheries;  Special Agricultural Projects.

Parastatals  Agricultural Development Programme;  Delta Agricultural Procurement Agency;  Tree Crop Unit;  Tractor Hiring Unit;  Communal Farms

2.4.5 Ministry of Water Resources Development This Ministry was created in 2001with the following functions: Responsibilities: i. Urban and Rural Water Supply; ii. Dam Development iii. Control of water bodies of both surface and underground iv. Hydrological and hydro geological research v. Supervision of: - Urban Water Board; and

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- Rural Water Supply Agency. The Ministry is made up of Seven Departments: (i) Administration (ii) Planning, Research & Statistics (iii) Finance and Accounts (iv) Technical Services (v) Hydrology & Hydrogeology (vi) Rural Water Supply (vii) Urban Water Supply

Parastatals:  Urban Water Board.  Rural Water Supply Agency/Board

2.4.6 Ministry of Women Affairs, Community and Social Development The Ministry was established in 1998 to serve as a veritable catalyst for the actualization of programmes and services. Its functions and activities permeate all spheres of human interests and cater to the needs of diverse group of individuals across the state, ranging from the aged, youths, women, physically challenged destitute and children  Carries out a number of activities which include  Commercial Snacks Productions  Grants to Widows living with HIV/AIDS  Residential Life Skill Acquisition Programme- The team visited the centre where about 21 young women are undergoing rehabilitation. It was interesting to know that the young women are being taught a number of skills ranging from snailry, fishery, catering, tailoring, hairdressing, etc.  Organizations of workshops on Women and Climate change

2.4.7 Delta State Directorate of Youth Development This is charged with the responsibilities for: • Youth Registration and Development; • Development of Youth Skill Acquisition Centers and Poverty Eradication Programme; • Youth Clubs;  Children and Youth Day Celebration

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Thus, for this ESMF, the Nigeria’s EIA requirements and World Bank operational procedures were harmonised as much as possible. Hence, it is made responsive to the objectives of good practice. It is especially made responsive with regard to the following:  Early consideration of environmental and social issues (starting at the screening stage);  Identification and early consultation with stakeholders;  Prevention of adverse impacts through the consideration of feasible alternatives; and  Incorporation of mitigation measures into planning and (engineering) design.

2.5 SEEFROR - Adequacy of Legal Instruments for Environmental & Social Issues As noted earlier, generally with regard to environmental and social management issues, legislations is in a continual process of development in Nigeria. However, this is not to say that there is dearth of legislation and guidelines to manage the activities of SEEFOR in order to ensure that no harm is inflicted on people and the environment. Amongst the existing pieces of legislation highlighted above, there are a number of local, national and international environmental guidelines applicable to the sub-projects under the proposed projects of SEEFOR.

In other words, the States have a good governance framework and laws to back up and manage the environmental and social safeguard issues that shall be triggered. The Ministries’ officials are familiar with the Environmental Assessment (EA) legislation, procedures and framework applicable based on the Federal EIA Act 86 of 1992.

In addition, although there are no State laws, the Land Use Act guides the processes of land acquisition and compensation in the various States which include:-  Identification of Lands or Sites for various developments.  The Publication/Service of Acquisition Notices –  Enumeration/Inspections, assessment of compensation and the payment of same.  Documentation of Acquisitions and Gazetting

This ESMP is prepared in accordance with existing Federal, State and local laws of Nigeria as well as the World Bank’s Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) safeguards instruments prepared for SEEFOR at the beginning of the project. Several laws policies, safeguards instruments and international conventions at various levels have been

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reviewed. However, in the case of conflict between the World Bank policies and any of the Federal, state and local environmental laws, the World Bank policies take precedence.

However, the road rehabilitation project in Warri, Delta State triggered only few of these policies as shown in table 2.1

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Table 2.1: World Bank Safeguard Policies Triggered by Warri Road Rehabilitation Project

Safeguards Safeguards Policies Triggered by Eku Policies Road Rehabilitation World Bank Safeguard Triggered Policies by SEEFOR Project Lot 1 Lot 2 Lot 3 Lot 4

Environmental Assessment [x] [X] [X] [X] [X] (OP/BP/GP 4.01)

Natural Habitats (OP/BP 4.04) [x] [X] [X] [X] [X]

Pest Management (OP 4.09) [x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Cultural Property (OPN 11.03, [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

being revised as OP 4.11)

Involuntary Resettlement [x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] (OP/BP 4.12)

Indigenous Peoples (OD 4.20, [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

being revised as OP 4.10)

Forests (OP/BP 4.36) [x] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Safety of Dams (OP/BP 4.37) [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

Projects in Disputed Areas [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] (OP/BP/GP 7.60)

Projects on International [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] Waterways (OP/BP/GP 7.50)

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CHAPTER THREE GENERAL METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents a description of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) process adopted for the road rehabilitation intervention Project in Warri metropolis, Delta State.

3.2 ESMP REQUIREMENTS Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is internationally accepted as the effective way of achieving integration of environmental and social consideration into project implementation.. In addition, the ESMP is expected to meet the requirements of regulators, project financing institutions, civil society and project affected communities, i.e. the stakeholders. There are two essential steps required and designed for this ESMP study, viz. screening and scoping 3.2.1 Screening Screening is the first step in the ESMP process. It confirms the need (or otherwise) for an ESMP by appraising the type of project and its associated activities throughout the project’s lifecycle in the context of its biophysical, socio-economic, policy and regulatory environments. Given the location, scale and planned activities, it has been concluded that the project will be subjected to an ESMP under the Category “A”, and the ESMP will take account of applicable national and international legislation, which is addressed in the chapter for the institutional framework.

3.2.2 Scoping Scoping is a high level assessment of anticipated “interactions” between project activities and environment ‘receptors’. Its purpose is to focus the ESMP on key issues and eliminate certain activities from the full impact assessment process based on their limited potential to result in discernable impacts. To arrive at a conclusion, to “scope out” an activity/event, a combination of expert scientific judgement based on prior experience of similar activities and events and, in some instances, scoping level quantification/numerical analysis (e.g. emission and discharge inventories and generic modelling) is used.

Based on the findings and results of these reviews, investigations and consultations, the ESMP Team identified:

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• Potential project – activities and environment; and

• Where the extent, depth and/or quality of environmental, socio-economic and/or technical data is insufficient for the ESMP process, thus identifying additional work to complete the ESMP.

3.3 ESMP PROCESS Since the assessment was based on a proposed project aimed at road maintenance and rehabilitation, the study focused on the construction and operational characteristics and the potential impacts on the environment and socio-economic activities of the affected persons. The key steps for the ESMP include:  Pre-study activities: This stage establishes the environmental, social and cultural considerations in advance of detailed studies. This study also involves the collation of relevant secondary data for the ESMP.  The ESMP study: This stage is concerned with field survey. It involves visit to the site so as to gather environmental and socio-economic data on project affected communities and their surroundings. Integral to this study is the development of measures to mitigate and reduce or remove adverse impacts.  The post-study stage: This stage is concerned with the preparation of ESMP report. It involves the analysis, presentation and interpretation of primary and secondary data acquired, and the production of ESMP report.

3.4 BASELINE STUDY METHODOLOGY For the impact assessment of the proposed project, a wide range of methodologies was employed. This section aims to provide an overview of all methodologies utilised for each of the environmental and socio-economic impacts assessment as well as providing criteria from which the current quality and importance of features can be evaluated. A good understanding of the baseline is important to understanding the nature and importance of the project’s impacts.

3.5 EXISTING CONDITIONS In order to identify potential impacts, an understanding of the existing conditions was established regarding the project area and the proposed rehabilitation and related construction activities. This was based on primary data acquisition (including questionnaire administration) using employed experts and consultants. Based on empirical study, it was

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revealed that the projects have different impact components – positive and negative. However, the project would likely affect the following receptor groups: Biological/Ecological; and Socio-Economic/Human.

3.6 MAPPING OF THE PROJECT AREA Mapping of the study area was implemented using archival satellite images (Google Earth Imagery, March, 2014) and in situ GPS data collection. Essentially, data used for capturing spatial details of the project area were based on location of the project area cum identification of specific key socioeconomic features and infrastructures located in the area that might be impacted. A high accuracy Garmin GPS was used to collect in-situ data, particularly on the project area, with the consideration for key social and economic facilities such as schools, buildings, roads, churches, mosques (if any), and other socioeconomic facilities and germane infrastructures.

ArcGIS 10.1 was used as the mapping software as well as for image preparation and processing. The images used were extracted from spatially-enabled Google Earth Pro which is a high spatial resolution image archive. The final maps are image maps detailing the building and environmental details of the project area.

3.7 SOCIO-ECONOMIC SURVEY The socioeconomic assessment gives an insight into the social, cultural, and economic conditions of stakeholders including individuals, groups, communities and organizations through the administration of structured questionnaires for individuals and households and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) adopted at the overall community level. A blend of investigative methods which includes the following was used to acquire the socioeconomic data:  Review of existing data;  Reconnaissance survey to identify the focal community and the adjoining communities that will be directly or indirectly affected and to alert the communities’ leaders and residents on proposed project;  In-depth interviews with community leaders of the focal community (traditional leaders, women leaders, religious leaders and youth leaders) as well as key investors in properties and assets.

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 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with stakeholders and project affected peoples (PAPs) in the focal community;  Field observations by the consultants and interviewers using strategic instruments and devices to record and note observation and detections;  Structured questionnaire to collect baseline information and to gather the perception of the PAPs on the proposed project. Simple random sampling technique was used for the administration of the questionnaire and enumeration of the combination of the fundamental socio-economic characteristics.  Population estimation was based on the combinations of questionnaire survey and projection figures by the National Population Commission (NPC). In all, a total number of 200 questionnaires were administered and were all responded to.

3.7.1 Data Collection and sampling methodology The socioeconomic data collected for the study was based on integration of series of data collection approaches that were synchronised within a universal sampling frame. Data collection was based on focus group discussion (Fig 3.2), pairwise questionnaire and individual questionnaire administration; and interviews. In specific terms, IDI (in-depth Interview) was employed to gather specific information from selected individuals who are mainly property owners in the project area. In general, data collection was based on the following criteria:  Adequate representation of the relevant social groups in the study location for general group discussion (FGD);  Inclusion of groups and individuals with different demographic and population characteristics, as well as socio-economic status;  Participation of those with access to relevant information;  Evidence of different types of livelihood activities;  Inclusion of males and females where possible; and  Inclusion of activities that connect land and the road.

Survey methodology designed is displayed in Table 3.1. It depicts the classified categories of the stakeholders sampled and the proportionality of the questionnaire administered with FGD, IDI and Town hall meeting held at the house of the eldest man in the community.

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Table 3.1: Details of the Sampling Methodology and the Questionnaires Administered Categories of Stakeholders Questionnaire Questionnaire IDI Sampled Administered Returned

Direct Project Affected Persons 50 50 3 (PAPs) Key Stakeholders 20 20 3 Other members of the community 130 130 3 Total 200 200 9

Fig. 3.2: IDI with Youths Leader in the Project site Fig.3.3: IDI with a woman leader in the project site Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed in order to understand the anticipated impacts of the intervention. The qualitative data collection involves the use of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interview with key informants in the proposed project site. The FGD was used as a tool to obtain information from fundamental stakeholders, farmers, and property owners particularly landlords and other key groups such as youths and women. Questionnaires were administrated based on quantitative analytic terms to obtain credible information concerning roads and the impact the rehabilitation project would have on the environment and the social life of the residents before, during and after the rehabilitation projects have been concluded.

3.8 IMPACT SIGNIFICANCE ASSESSMENT An impact is defined as “Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organisation’s environmental aspects (activities, products or services)” (EMS, ISO14001:2004). Where project activity and environmental receptor interactions occur, an impact is defined. The ESMP assesses impacts according to

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their “significance” determined by considering project activity “event magnitude” and “receptor sensitivity”. Determining event magnitude requires the identification and quantification (as much as practical) of the sources of potential environmental and social effects from routine and non-routine project activities. Determining receptor sensitivity requires an understanding of the biophysical environment.

3.8.2 Method for Determining Event Magnitude  Extent / Scale: Events range from those which affect an area of up to 500m from the source; to those that affect an area greater than 500m and up to 1km from the source; and to those that affect an area of greater than 1km from the source.  Frequency: Events range from those which occur once; to those that occur up to 50 times; and to those that occur more than 50 times or continuously.  Duration: Events range from those which occur for less than 24 hours; to those that occur for more than 24 hours and up to one week; and to those that occur for periods longer than one week.  Intensity: Concentration of an emission or discharge with respect to standards of acceptability that include applicable legislation and international guidance, its toxicity or potential for bioaccumulation, and its likely persistence in the environment. This ranges from an event of low intensity event, to that of moderate intensity through that of a high intensity event.

3.8.3 Method for Determining Receptor Sensitivity (i) Biological/Ecological Receptors

• Resilience (to the identified stressor): This ranges from species or community unaffected or marginally affected, to probability of species undergoing moderate but sustainable change which stabilises under constant presence of impact source, with ecological functionality maintained; and to probability for substantial loss of ecological functionality (e.g. loss of species in key groups, substantially lower abundance and diversity).

• Presence: Routine, regular or reliably predictable presence of any species which is, in reverse order, a unique, threatened or protected species, to regionally rare or largely confined to project area or sensitive to disturbances; and to a species which is none of the above and is therefore assessed at the community level only. (ii) Human Receptor

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 Presence: This ranges from people being uncommon in the study area of anticipated impact; to people who are sometimes present (e.g. commercial property); to people permanently present (e.g. residential property) in the area of anticipated impact.  Resilience (to the identified stressor): This ranges from people being least vulnerable to change or disturbance (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise)) are well below applicable legislation and international guidance); to quite vulnerable to change or disturbance (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise) are below adopted standards)); and to the most vulnerable groups (i.e. ambient conditions (air quality, noise) are at or above adopted standards)).

Impact significance, as a function of event magnitude and receptor sensitivity, was subsequently ranked as “Negligible”, “Minor”, “Moderate” or “Major”. Any impact classified as “major” is considered to be significant and where the impact is negative, requires additional mitigation. Impacts of negligible, minor or moderate significance are considered as being mitigated as far as practicable and necessary, and therefore, do not warrants further mitigation. 3.9

3.10 MITIGATION AND MONITORING A wide range of different measures to mitigate impacts have been identified in the ESMP Report. These have been brought together in an impact summary table. In addition an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the Project describes how the mitigation will actually be delivered and reported. The ESMP will be in line with national and international performance requirements.

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CHAPTER FOUR DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL BASELINE CONDITIONS 4.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter outlines the environmental conditions under which the proposed project will be implemented. It entails the description of the prevailing environmental variables such as the characteristics of the physical environment. The approach adopted focuses on those elements of the environment that may be impacted or have a direct impact on the proposed project. Moreover, relevant data on physical and biological characteristics of the project were sourced and used to define the environmental setting of the area.

4.1 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT SITE The project assignment covers the proposed project activities financed by the World Bank (WB) and EU assisted SEEFOR project at Warri metropolis, extending to Local government Areas of Warri South, Uvwie and Udu. The Project site is situated in three Local Government Areas of Delta State viz; Warri South, Uvwie and Udu Local Government Areas (Fig 4.1). The area is an urban sprawl referred to as Warri metropolis in South South geopolitical zone of Nigeria and sits on the bank of River Warri, which joins River Forcados and River Escravos through Jone Creek in the Niger Delta Region (Fig 4.2). The area expansion of Warri metropolis in the past two decades has been remarkable, with the city growing to cover the surrounding local government areas like Uvwie and Udu and in essence towns like Effurun, Ekpan, Enerhen, Edjeba, Ogunu, Jakpa, Ovwian-Aladja, and Udu (Fig 4.3). Specifically, Warri metropolis is regarded as one of the rapidly growing cities in Nigeria, with a population rising rapidly from 19,526 in 1933, 55,256 in 1963, 280,000 in 1980, 500,000 in 1991 to 536,023 in 2006.

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Fig.4.1: Map of Delta State showing the Project LGAs

The city's history dates back to the 15th century, when it was first visited by Portuguese missionaries. With that contact, it served as the base for Portuguese and Dutch slave traders. The abolition of slave trade in the mid-19th century, however, led to the decline of the city, which came under British protection in 1884. It started regaining prominence during the late 19th century, when it became a centre for the palm oil trade and other major items such as rubber, palm products, cocoa, groundnuts, hides and skins etc. Its establishment as a provincial headquarters by the British in the early 20th century, the discovery of natural gas and petroleum in the area, the establishment of Petroleum Training Institute in 1972, Nigeria’s second petroleum refinery in 1978, and an integrated steel plant in 1981 have all significantly transformed the hitherto rural Warri to a modern metropolitan area. The major ethnic groups in the area are the Urhobos, Itsekiris, Ijaws, Isokos and Ibuzos (igbo-speaking ethnic group in Delta State). The metropolis is well traversed by different roads of varying grades.

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Fig. 4.2: Map of Warri Metropolis

Fig. 4.3: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing the boundaries of the three affected LGAs

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4.2 DESCRIPTION OF THE SELECTED ROAD NETWORKS The project site, as indicated earlier, is located in Delta State and traverses three different local government areas (Warri South, Uvwie and Udu). In particular, the project is made up of some selected roads which crisscross the three local governments of Warri South, Uvwie and Udu. The selected roads which are in dire need of rehabilitation and maintenance/spot improvements have been grouped into twelve (12) lots and include:  LOT 1: Refinery road  LOT 6: Airport road o Effurun/Sapele Road to o From Effurun/ Sapele Golden kite Hotel Junction roundabout to Waterboard o Ovie of Uvwie Lane junction  LOT 2: Refinery road  LOT 7: Airport road o From Golden kite Hotel o From Waterboard junction Junction to NPA Express to Angle park including Bridge and Fly  LOT 8: Airport road over o Angle park to Ogunu bridge o Ovie Palace Road to Ibo market  LOT 3: Okere road, Machiver road,  LOT 9: Off Airport road Odion road, Cementary road and o Olomu road (phase 1) Stadium road  LOT 10: Airport road o From Okere roundabout to o From Airport road to Okere Ibo market roundabout through o From Odion roundabout to Okumagba avenue Cemetery road  LOT 11: Off Airport road o From Garage to market o Olomu road (phase 2) road  LOT 12: Udu town o From Cemetery to o Church road network Machiver  LOT 4: Jakpa road o From junction to Ekpan roundabout (Section 1)  LOT 5: Jakpa road o From junction to Ekpan roundabout (Section 2)

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All the selected roads are in varying degrees of disrepair and predominantly in need of maintenance and with some requiring rehabilitation. Specifically, for most of them, roadside cleaning and vegetation control are proposed (LOTs 1-8), while for others drainage construction, desiltation, pothole-patching and earth road rehabilitation are anticipated (LOTs 9, 10, 11 and 12). A brief description of the roads in each LOT is presented below:

LOTs 1&2 The roads under these Lots include; the Refinery road from Effurun/Sapele Road to Golden kite Hotel Junction; from Golden kite Hotel Junction to NPA Express including Bridge and Fly over; Ovie of Uvie lane and the Ovie palace road (Fig 4.4).

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Fig 4.4: Image Map of Warri metropolis showing NPA express and Refinery road

While the Refinery and NPA roads are dual carriage roads which cut across Warri and Uvwie, the Ovie of Uvie lane and Ovie Palace roads are single lane roads which traverse Uvwie.

Fig 4.5: NPA Expressway Fig.4.6: Ovie Palace road

Fig. 4.7 Refinery road Fig. 4.8: Refinery road

The roads are situated in the residential, commercial and industrial parts of Warri metropolis. Specifically, while the Ovie of Uvie lane and the Palace roads are in residential/commercial areas, the NPA and Refinery Expressways are situated in Institutional/Industrial areas. The proposed interventions of SEEFOR on these roads are in the area of roadside and kerb median sweeping, kerb painting, pothole patching and drainage desiltation.

LOTS 3

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The roads under this lot include: Okere road from Okere roundabout to Ibo market; Machiver road from Odion roundabout to Cemetery road; Cemetery road from Garage to market road; and Stadium road From Cemetery to Machiver (Fig.4.9)

Fig 4.9: Image Map showing Odion, Market and Cemetery Road

The roads are mainly dual carriage and situated within residential and commercial areas of Warri.

Fig. 4.10: Odion roundabout Fig. 4.11: Stadium Road The proposed interventions by SEEFOR on these roads include: sweeping of roadsides, painting of kerbs and vegetation control.

LOTs 4 & 5 The roads under these Lots are the two sections of Jakpa road. Jakpa road is a dual carriage traversing a residential/commercial area in Uvwie Town.

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Fig. 4.12: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Jakpa road The road starts from Jakpa junction and ends at Ekpan roundabout.

Fig.4.13: A section of Jakpa road Fig. 4.14: A section of Jakpa road SEEFOR intends to intervene on the road in the areas of sweeping of travelled road, vegetation control on the kerbs and roadside and painting of kerbs.

LOT 6-11

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The roads under these lots are on Airport road; from Effurun/ Sapele roundabout to Water- board junction; from Water-board junction to Angle park; from Angle park to Ogunu bridge to Ibo market; from Okere roundabout through Okumagba avenue and; on Olomu road, which is off Airport road.

Fig.4.15: Image Map of Warri Metropolis showing Airport, Olomu road and Angle Park These roads are a mixture of single lane and dual carriage ways located within residential, institutional and commercial areas.

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Fig.4.16: Olomu road Fig 4.17: Okere roundabout

SEEFOR’s intervention on these roads are diverse and would include; sweeping of travelled road, vegetation control on the kerbs and roadside and painting of kerbs; construction of concrete drains and rehabilitation of earth roads.

LOT 12 The road under this Lot is made up of Church road network which traverse the rural settlement of Udu.

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Fig.4.18: Image Map showing the Church road network in Otor udu community The road is a single lane earth road and is situated within a residential / agrarian settlement. The proposed intervention of SEEFOR on this road is in the area of road rehabilitation

Fig.4.19: A section of Church road, Udu Fig.4.20: A section of Church road, Udu A summary of the intervention of SEEFOR on the selected roads in the different Lots is presented in the table 2.1 below:

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Table 4.1: Description of SEEFOR intervention projects in Warri metropolis LOT Road Location Nature Intervention 1 Refinery road, Uvwie/W Refinery & NPA express Roadside and kerb 2 NPA Express, arri (Dual carriage) median sweeping, Ovie of Uvwie lane Ovie of Uvwie ans Uvwie kerb painting, and palace road (Single lane tarred pothole patching and Uvwie palace road road) drainage desiltation Commercial/Institutional 3 Okere road Warri Dual carriage sweeping of Machiver road Residential/commercial roadsides, painting of Cemetery road; kerbs and vegetation market road; and control. Stadium road 4 Jakpa road Uvwie Dual carriage sweeping of travelled Residential/commercial road, vegetation control on the kerbs 5 and roadside and painting of kerbs 6 Airport road; Uvwie/W Dual carriage sweeping of travelled from Effurun/ Sapele arri Residential/commercial road, vegetation roundabout to Water- control on the kerbs board junction; and roadside and painting of kerbs 7 Airport road; Uvwie Dual carriage sweeping of travelled from Water-board Residential/commercial road, vegetation junction to Angle control on the kerbs park and roadside and painting of kerbs 8 Airport road; Uvwie/W Dual carriage sweeping of travelled from Angle park to arri Residential/commercial road, vegetation Ogunu bridge to Ibo control on the kerbs market; and roadside and painting of kerbs 9 Off Airport road; Warri Single lane earth road Construction of Olomu road Residential concrete drains 10 Airport road; Warri Dual carriage sweeping of travelled from Okere Residential/commercial road, vegetation roundabout through control on the kerbs Okumagba avenue and roadside and painting of kerbs 11 Off Airport road; Warri Single lane earth road Rehabilitation of earth Olomu road Residential roads.

12 Church road network Udu Single Lane earth road Rehabilitation of earth Residential roads.

4.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT As indicated earlier, the selected roads which have been grouped into twelve (12) Lots traverse the three (3) different LGAs of Delta State (Warri south, Uvwie and Udu).

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The description of the physical environment will thus be carried out for the extensive Warri metropolis.

4.3.1 Relief and Drainage The terrain of the project area is flat with a slope of 1-2. The soils are derived from coastal plains on sombreiro-Warri deposits. The ground is usually water logged during the rainy season and has gullies and ditches.

The surface lithology is underlined by coastal alluvium mangrove and fresh water swamp. It is of recent deposits and it predominantly comprises sandy with intercalations of silt and clay soils. In addition, it is of the Holocene sediments with mangrove and woody swamps. The sediments are typically sandy, silty and pebbly; and are loose and poorly sorted. Both confine and partially confine aquifers with a moderate yields are available at varying depths.

4.3.2 Climate and meteorology 4.3.2.1 Explicit climate and meteorology The entire area is characterized by tropical equatorial climate with mean annual temperature of 32.8°C and annual rainfall amount of 2673.8 mm. Rainfall period ranges from January-December, with the minimum value of 8.2 mm in January and over 536.6 mm in September. An analysis of existing historical records of climate obtained from the Warri weather station (the nearest synoptic station) indicates that the mean maximum temperature for the wet season (April – October) and the dry season (November – March) are 29.3oC and 33.6oC respectively;

The mean Relative Humidity (RH) for the wet season (September) at 0900 h and1500 h are 89.0% and 85.0% respectively while the values for the dry season (March) are 86.0% and 89.0% respectively.

4.3.2.2 Rainfall Rain falls for about 9 months of the year in Warri metropolis. The season is characterized into two seasons – the dry and rainy seasons. The rainy season (March- November) is Deltadal, with the highest peak occuring during March – July and separated from the lower peak by the August, minimal dry season. The little dry window, has in recent time become less predictable. It may come early between late July and early August or a little late between late August and early September.

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Rainfall regime is the pattern of rainfall distribution over the seasons and is determined by the two major air masses dominating the area: the moist tropical maritime (TM), with its associated westerlies and the dry tropical continental air mass (TC) with its associated easterlies. The movement of the ITCZ, a quasi-stationary boundary that separates the TC from the TM, further modifies the process. The latitudinal position of the town in the Niger Delta region of the West Africa sub- region further explains why the TM blows over the area for a longer period, thus explaining the lengthy rainy season.

On the average, rain falls in more than 9 (i.e. > 30%) of the days in every month of April to October and with just less than 5 (i.e. > 16%) days between November and February. Overall a total of about 2829.26 mm of rainfall is recorded annually. As shown in Table 4.2, this gives an average of 235.772mm per month. The minimum rainfall amount (32.55mm) is experienced in the month of January while the maximum rainfall amount (479.88mm) is experienced in the month of July. Of the total amount, about 2706.96mm (95.68%) is recorded during the rainy season (March to November) while only 122.3mm (4.32%) is recorded in the “dry” season (December to February).

As shown in figure 4.22, the long wet season is characterized by a short break in August as the sun passes over the equator on its way from the Northern to the Southern Hemisphere. The rainy season rainfall is mostly torrential and a mixture of short and long durations with high intensity. The rainy season is characterized by flooding and erosion due to the short duration high intensity rainfalls, long duration rainfalls and high tides from the creeks and other water bodies. The road constructions will take cognizant of the climatic situations and the resultant consequences of flooding and erosion into consideration during design and construction such that the proposed project will stand the test of time and meet the needs of the people.

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Table 4.2: Climatic Characteristics of the Project Area Months Temperature 0C Rainfall Humidity (%) Average (mm) Wind Speed

Min Mean Max Mean 10:00Hrs 16:00Hrs Knots January 22.56 27.81 33.06 32.55 89 60 2.4 February 23.66 28.41 33.15 43.77 87 59 5.6 March 24.22 28.74 33.25 130.67 82 66 4.1 April 25.88 29.54 33.19 225.78 89 65 5.6 May 25.07 28.87 32.67 268.67 92 69 3.3 June 24.67 28.33 31.98 375.88 91 78 2.8 July 23.67 27.28 30.89 479.88 96 72 4.6 August 22.98 26.38 29.78 310.66 94 76 5.2 September 22.67 27.22 31.76 480.76 95 75 3.8 October 22.87 27.83 32.78 325.78 92 74 2.6 November 22.98 28.04 33.09 108.88 96 70 2.8 December 21.89 27.50 33.11 45.98 92 60 3.7 Total 283.12 335.92 388.71 2829.26 1095 824 Mean 23.5933 27.9929 32.3925 235.772 91.25 68.6667 Min 21.89 26.38 29.78 32.55 82 59 Max 25.88 29.54 33.25 479.88 96 78

Fig 4.21: Rainfall Characteristics of the Project Area

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4.3.2.2: Temperature The temperature at the project site is relatively high and stable all through the year despite the considerable variation over the rainy, dry and short “harmattan” and “August break” periods. Similarly, the overall annual average daily temperature is 27.99 oC. On the average, while the minimum daily temperature is about 26.38oC while the maximum daily temperature is about 29.54oC. The harmattan period coincides with the period when the north-east trade wind crosses the Sahara Desert into the West African region between December and January. Fig. 4.22 shows the temperature characteristics of the project area.

Fig 4.22: Characteristics of Daily Temperature within the Project Area

4.3.2.3 Relative Humidity (RH) The region is characterized by a relatively high RH as a result of the prevailing TM air mass blowing over the environment almost all through the year. Overall, an average of 91.25% and 68.67% were recorded at 10:00hrs and 16:00hrs local time. Further assessment shows that highest values were recorded during the early mornings. The lowest value of 59% in the region was recorded in February. During the dry season, values between 60% and 75% were common, owing to the influences of the Dry Tropical Continental air mass that prevails over the region at this period Fig 4.24 therefore shows the characteristics of relative humidity of the proposed project area.

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Fig 4.23: Characteristics of Relative Humidity within the Project Area

4.3.2.4 Sunshine Hours The mean annual sunshine hour in the area was about 1,642 hours. The mean monthly values vary between 45 and 172 hours in the month of July and January respectively. Also, the generally low amount of sunshine hours in July is due to the greater amount of cloudiness and rainfall characteristics of the area. Conversely, the higher January figure is due to the prevalent clear skies when the ITCZ has once more started its northward migration.

4.3.2.5 Wind Patterns The wind pattern also follows the migratory ITCZ. Thus, it is mainly southwesterly during the rainy season and northeasterly during the dry season. In general, the southwesterly swell is prevalent. The wind speed varies between 2 and 6 knots for most of the year with an average speed of about 5 knots. Incidences of severe storms are now more frequent with some rare occasions being as high as 55 – 60 knots. These are often associated with thunder and lightning, especially during rainy season.

4.3.3 Geology/Geomorphology/Hydrogeology The area is located within the sedimentary lowland, which lies immediately north of the coastal swamp region of the west Niger Delta in the continental margin of the Gulf of Guinea in equatorial West Africa. The geology consists of basal rocks of loam, sandstone, shales and clay alluvial materials that have resulted from continuous intensive aggregational activities in the past. Specifically, the regional geology of the project area consists of three lithostratigraphic units namely:

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Akata Formation: The Akata Formation of Paleocene age is the earliest stage of sedimentation in the Delta. It is made up of shales, silts and clay deposits. Agbada Formation: The Agbada Formation varies in age from Eocene to Recent and consists of paralic sediments, in particular interbedded sandstones, sands, silts and shales deposited in a shallow brackish-marine milieu. Benin Formation: The Benin Formation, also known as Coastal Plain Sands, is of Miocene to Recent age. It comprises coarse to medium grained sands and poorly consolidated sandstones with minor shale intercalations deposited in continental environment.

These tertiary sediments are overlain by recent sediments of Quaternary age, comprising from bottom to top, Sombreiro/Warri deltaic plain, active/abandoned beach ridges, saltwater mangrove swamps/back-swamps, freshwater back-swamps, meander belts and alluvium.

4.3.4 Air Quality and Noise Table 4.3 presents the results of ambient air quality and noise measurements conducted at nine (9) different locations in the study area. The results were compared with the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) permissible limits to establish the condition of the project area in terms of ambient air environment.

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Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality and Noise Results

Sampling Parameters Location Noise SPM CO2 CO NO2 SO2 CH4 H2S NH3 VOC Level (mg/m3) (%) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (ppm) (dBA) WA1 63.7 0.023 0.01 1.20 0.023 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WA2 65.0 0.032 0.01 0.78 0.007 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 1.0 WA3 61.0 0.030 0.01 1.00 0.009 0.01 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WA4 59.6 0.028 0.01 1.08 0.007 0.01 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WA5 61.0 0.030 0.01 0.98 0.018 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.00 1.0 WA6 59.4 0.026 0.01 0.00 0.008 0.01 1.0 0.01 0.01 0.0 WA7 62.2 0.045 0.01 0.00 0.020 0.02 0.0 0.01 0.01 0.0 WA8 63.4 0.032 0.01 0.82 0.021 0.02 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WA9 58.8 0.100 0.01 0.70 0.002 0.00 1.0 0.02 0.01 1.0 Minimum 58.8 0.023 0.01 0.0 0.002 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.0 Maximu 65.0 0.1 0.01 1.2 0.023 0.02 1.0 0.02 0.01 1.0 m Average 61.57 0.038 0.010 0.729 0.013 0.01 0.22 0.006 0.003 0.33 FMENV 90 0.25 NS 10 0.04- 0.01- NS NS NS NS Limit 0.06 0.1 Field Survey April, 2014 NS=Not Specified

Generally, the concentrations of air quality parameters recorded at the project area were below the FMENV permissible limits (Table 4.3). This implies that the ambient air quality of the area can be considered as good. The potential source of air quality pollutants in the project area is occasional emissions from vehicles such as cars. Noise levels measured in the area ranged from 58.8dBA to 65.0dBA with an average value of approximately 62dBA. The noise levels recorded in all the sampling locations were below the FMENV limit of 90dBA for 8 hour exposure.

4.3.5 Groundwater Quality Three (3) existing boreholes in the project area of influence were sampled for groundwater quality. The physico-chemical characteristics of the water samples are presented in Table 4.4, while Table 4.5 presents the microbial results.

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Table 4.4: Physico-chemical properties of groundwater samples collected from the study area in Warri metropolis, Delta State WHO (Max . Parameters BW1 BW2 BW3 Permissible FMENV Level) limits Limits pH 5.70 5.90 6.00 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.5 Electrical Conductivity, 45.6 113.0 78.0 - µS/cm 1000 Temperature, 0C 29.8 30.5 30.0 NS <40 Turbidity, NTU 0.56 1.20 0.80 NS 1.0 Total Dissolved Solids, 25.0 58.6 42.1 500 mg/L 500 TSS, mg/L 11.4 23.0 13.5 NS >10 Dissolved Oxygen, mg/L 5.60 5.10 5.15 NS 7.5 BOD5, mg/L 1.03 0.87 1.57 NS 0 COD, mg/L 4.56 3.20 6.89 NS - Chloride, mg/L 25.6 30.5 18.0 600 250 Nitrate, mg/L 0.68 1.00 0.95 - 10 Sulphate, mg/L 2.30 1.69 3.00 400 500 Phosphate, mg/L 0.50 0.32 0.10 NS 5 Sodium, mg/L 12.6 9.80 7.80 NS 200 Calcium, mg/L 3.40 5.60 3.20 200 - Magnesium, mg/L 0.78 1.00 0.90 75 - Potassium, mg/L 1.10 2.00 1.43 NS - Iron, mg/L 0.24 0.93 0.57 1.0 1.0 Zinc, mg/L 2.0 0.68 1.20 15.0 5.0 Lead, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05 Mercury, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.001 Copper, mg/L 0.008 <0.001 <0.001 - 0.1 Chromium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05 Cadmium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.01 Nickel, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.05 Arsenic, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 NS 0.2 THC mg/L 0.064 0.078 0.066 0.3 - Oil & Grease <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 - 0.05 Field Survey April, 2014 ND= Not Detected NS= Not Specified

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Table 4.5: Microbial properties of groundwater samples collected from the study area Sample Total Total Faecal Total Total Predominant species code Heterotro Heterotrophi count hydrocarbo hydrocarbon of microorganisms phic c Fungi (cfu/ml) n utilizing utilizing fungi isolated Bacteria (cfu/ml) bacteria (cfu/ml) (cfu/ml) (cfu/ml) GW1 1.10 x 103 3.0 x 101 0.00 11.0 2.0 Bacillus spp.; Lactobacillus spp., Penicillium spp., Rhizopus stolonifer GW2 1.30 x 103 2.0 x 101 0.00 4.0 0 .00 Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma spp., Fusarium spp. GW 1.20 x 103 1.0 x 101 0.00 3.0 0 .00 Bacillus spp., Lactobacillus spp., Rhizopus stolonifer Field Survey April, 2014

The in situ values of groundwater temperatures in the study area ranged from 29.8 to 30.5oC. Turbidity values varied between 0.56 NTU and 1.20 NTU, while TDS and TSS varied between 25.0 – 58.6mg/l and 11.4 – 23.0 mg/l respectively. The pH values of the water indicated a slightly acidic range (pH 5.7 –6.00). Electrical conductivity values were between 45.6 and 113.0 µS/cm. The Dissolved Oxygen values ranged

from 5.10 to 5.60 mg/l while Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) values ranged from 0.87 to 1.57mg/l. The TDS, electrical conductivity, and TSS were all within the FMENV permissible levels.

The nutrients (nitrates and phosphates) were low in concentration. The concentrations of oil and grease were below 0.05mg/l. The cations, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ ions ranged from 7.80 mg/l to 12.6 mg/l; 1.10 mg/l to 2.00 mg/l; 0.78 mg/l to 1.00 mg/l and 3.20 mg/l to 5.60 mg/l respectively. The heavy metal concentrations were generally very low in the ground water samples. Fe, Zn, and Cu ranged from 0.24 mg/l to 0.93 mg/l; 0.68 mg/l to 2.0 mg/l; and <0.001 to 0.008 mg/l respectively. There was no evidence of hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution in the groundwater samples. The values of all the measured parameters, with the exception of the pH were within FMENV acceptable limits.

4.3.6 Surface Water Quality Table 4.6 presents the physico-chemical and microbial characteristics of surface water samples collected from the study area. The concentrations of parameters analyzed in

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the surface water samples were generally within the FMENV permissible levels for aquatic life. However, Fe and Zn exceeded the FMENV permissible limits of 1.0mg/l and 0.03mg/l respectively. The high level of Fe and Zn in the surface water samples beyond the permissible levels could be due to inflow of contaminated storm run-off to the water body especially during the rainy season.

Table 4.6: Physico-chemical and microbial results of surface water samples from the study area Parameters SW SW2 SW3 FMENV water (Upstream) (Midstream) (Downstream) quality standard for Aquatic life (permissible limit)1 pH 7.20 6.96 7.13 6.0 -9.0 Water temperature 31.0 30.8 31.5 33 (oC) Conductivity (µS/cm) 145.0 210.5 176.0 NS Total dissolved solid 80.0 107.8 142.0 NS (mg/L) Total suspended solid 4.0 5.6 3.9 NS (mg/L) Dissolved Oxygen 4.7 5.2 4.9 6.8 (mg/L) BOD5 (mg/L) 3.0 2.0 3.2 4.0 COD (mg/L) 8.52 7.60 3.78 NS Nitrate (mg/L) 18.0 9.80 4.30 NS Phosphate (mg/L) 1.00 0.57 0.20 NS Sulphate (mg/L) 10.0 13.6 2.78 NS Chloride (mg/L) 32.0 18.9 26.5 NS Sodium (mg/L) 34.0 17.5 21.0 NS Potassium (mg/L) 1.00 0.54 0.32 NS Calcium (mg/L) 2.30 4.00 11.0 NS Magnesium (mg/L) 8.90 12.0 3.60 NS Iron (mg/L) 1.30 1.05 2.00 1.0 Zinc, mg/L 0.56 0.09 <0.001 0.03 Lead, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.0017 Mercury, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.001 Copper, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.004 Chromium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 Cadmium, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.002 Nickel, mg/L 0.036 0.067 <0.001 0.15 Arsenic, mg/L <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.5 THC (mg/L) 0.068 0.089 1.02 NS Oil and Grease (mg/L) <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 NS Total Heterotrophic 130.0 78.0 34.0 - Bacteria (x 103 cfu/100ml) Total Heterotrophic 10.0 4.0 4.0 -

1 Source: National Guidelines and Standards for Water Quality in Nigeria, 1999 52

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Parameters SW SW2 SW3 FMENV water (Upstream) (Midstream) (Downstream) quality standard for Aquatic life (permissible limit)1 Fungi (x 103 cfu/100ml) Hydrocarbon Utilizing ND 12.0 20.0 - Bacteria Hydrocarbon Utilizing ND ND ND - Fungi Faecal Coliform (x 103 ND 2.0 ND - cfu/100ml) Field Survey April, 2014 ND= Not Detected NS= Not Specified

4.3.7 Soil Quality The results of physico-chemical and microbial parameters analyzed in soil samples from the Warri metropolis, Delta State, are presented in Table 4.7 below.

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Table 4.7: Result of Soil Samples from the Study Area Parameters WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 Limits Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub pH 5.80 6.02 7.23 6.94 7.66 7.87 6.47 7.04 7.5 6.2 4.5-9.5

Electrical 143.3 122.8 126.4 125.6 69.4 83.2 79.3 78.5 247.60 220. <500 Conductivity 36 (µS/cm) Sulphate 3.32 8.21 2.304 3.80 6.08 6.23 5.85 1.93 34.36 30.5 NS (mg/kg) 8 Phosphate 6.8 5.9 13.6 9.4 0.78 3.2 16.5 11.0 8.09 8.25 NS (mg/kg) Chloride 12.4 17.2 17.0 15.2 13.4 13.8 18.0 12.9 34.03 32.3 NS (mg/kg) 3 Nitrate (mg/kg) 33.7 12.8 21.9 16.9 24.9 31.5 26.6 13.4 6.63 6.56 NS Sodium 90.674 78.480 88.859 92.112 88.767 75.463 101.327 99.658 20.21 17.9 NS (mg/kg) 9 Potassium 0.896 0.743 1.845 1.530 1.872 1.072 0.873 1.921 2.25 2.23 NS (mg/kg) Calcium 61.8 29.2 36.5 21.7 24.5 5.8 98.3 39.1 19.99 20.3 NS (mg/kg) 9 Magnesium 0.106 0.342 1.167 1.085 0.539 0.597 0.373 0.481 11.25 11.1 NS (mg/kg) 4 TOC (%) 1.00 1.20 0.58 0.93 1.10 0.67 1.08 1.05 2.08 1.63 NS Copper 21.69 16.42 15.08 17.24 14.53 16.05 20.25 25.53 2.36 7.60 50-100

Zinc 9.44 17.43 39.50 13.51 10.31 43.07 12.83 30.96 4.101 3.73 10-50 2 Iron 549.4 558.3 675.6 599.9 738.5 643.2 588.6 638.8 118.24 218. NS 06 Cadmium < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < 0.03-0.3 0.001 0.00 1 Lead 1.35 2.00 7.85 2.30 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < 5-20

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Parameters WS1 WS2 WS3 WS4 WS5 Limits Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub Top Sub 0.001 0.00 1 Chromium < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < NS 0.001 0.00 1 Nickel < 0.001 < 0.001 1.00 1.06 < 0.01 < 0.01 1.540 0.478 < < 5-50 0.001 0.00 1 Mercury < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < 4 0.001 0.00 1 Arsenic < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < < 20 0.001 0.00 1 THC 0.35 <0.001 0.13 0.32 1.25 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 < < 50 0.001 0.00 1 Total 1.6 x 2.30 x 2.50 x 3.10 x 3.1 x 3.60 x 3.20 x 3.50 x 1.90x 1.56 NS Heterotrophic 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 107 x 107 Bacteria Total 5.0 x 5.0 x 5.0 x 4.0 x 5.0 x 6.0 x 4.0 x 104 2.0 x 1 x 104 3 x NS Heterotrophic 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 104 Fungi Hydrocarbon 18.0 x 21.0 x 22.0 x 19.0 x 20.0 x 18.0 x 21.0 x 22.0 x 8 x 103 7 x NS Utilizing 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 Bacteria Hydrocarbon 2.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 1.0 x 3.0 x 2.0 x 5.0 x 103 3.0 x 6.0 x 7.0 x NS Utilizing Fungi 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103 103

Field Survey April, 2014 ND= Not Detected NS= Not Specified

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The laboratory results of analysis carried out on soil samples from the study area showed that the soil pH varied from slightly acidic to neutral. Its values ranged between 5.80 to 7.87. These values fall within the recommended pH limit of 4.8 to 9.5.The electrical conductivity of the soil samples ranged from 69.4µS/cm to 247.60µS/cm suggesting moderately dissolved ions content. The concentrations of Mg, Ca, Na, and K recorded in soils from the project area fall within natural occurrence levels for tropical soils. Sodium ranged from 17.99mg/kg to 101.33mg/kg, calcium ranged from 5.8mg/kg to 98.3, magnesium from 0.106mg/kg to 11.25mg/kg, while potassium is from 0.743mg/kg to 2.25mg/kg. Among the anions, nitrate and sulphate ions were the most prominent while phosphate recorded the least concentrations. Nitrate concentrations in the soil samples from the area ranged from 6.56mg/kg to 33.7mg/kg, sulphate ranged 1.93mg/kg to 34.36mg/kg, chloride ranged from 12.4mg/kg to 34.03mg/kg while phosphate between 0.78mg/kg to 16.5mg/kg.

The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil samples were generally below the recommended limits. Zinc ranged between 3.732mg/kg to 43.07mg/kg while Copper is between <0.001mg/kg to 25.53mg/kg. Mercury, Arsenic, Chromium and Cadmium concentrations in the soil samples were below the detection limit of 0.001mg/kg. The concentration of heavy metals recorded in the soil samples suggest that the soil environment of the project area is not polluted. The concentrations of measured total hydrocarbon content in the soil samples ranged from <0.001mg/kg to 1.25mg/kg which fall within the limit 50mg/kg for mineral oil in soil.

The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) ranged from 1.56 x 107cfu/g to 3.60 x 107cfu/g while THF ranged between 1.0 x 104 cfu/g and 6.0 x 104cfu/g. The THB and THF counts in the soils are similar to those that occur in natural level.

4.3.8 Terrestrial Flora (Vegetation) The vegetation of the project area is fresh water forest of the Western Niger Delta region in different stages of disturbance, leading to bush fallows and agricultural land use types such as farmlands.

The study area consists of various types of vegetation including seasonally flooded lowland rain forest, field tree crops, arable crop farmlands and fallow lands. The

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original vegetation was that of tropical rain forest of the Western Niger Delta. This has generally been cultivated into oil palm plantations and crop farms.

The freshwater forests constitute about 20% of the vegetation whereas the bush fallows and farmlands including oil palm plantations account for about 50% and 30% respectively of the vegetation. The seasonally flooded lowland forests occur in isolated lowland areas.

The dominant plant species in the area are phanerophytes (woody plants). The tree and shrub species include Chrysophyllum giganteum, Raphia hookeri, Mitragyna ciliata, M. stipulosa, Psydrax subcordata, Anthocleista vogelli, Glyphaea brevis, Baphia sp, Musanga cercropioides, Ficus sp, Alstonia boonei, Albizia sp, Alchornea cordifolia, Manniophyton fulvum,Funtumia elastica, Rauvolfia vomitoria, Anthonotha macrophylla, Pterocarpus sntalinoides and Elaeis guineensis (oil palm) trees.

The bush fallow vegetation was dominated by herbaceous species and shrubs dotted with wildly growing oil palm trees. The shrubs encountered in these areas were mainly Dialium guineense (blackvelvet termarind) Baphia sp. (Baphia), Rauvolfia vomitoria (Rauvolfia), Cnestis ferruginea,,(Teeth cleaner), Alchornea cordifolia (Christmas bush), Newbouldia laevis, (Neubouldia) Guajava sp. (Guava), Pentaclethra macrophylla (Oil bean), Albizzia adianthefolia (Albizzia), Ficus exasperata (Sandpaper leaf), and A. zygia.

The herbaceous layers were covered by mainly Aspila africana, Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed), Calopognium sp. (Calopogonium), Panicum maximum (Guinea grass), Imperata cylindrica (Spear grass) and Andropogon tectorum (Andropogon).None of the plant species recorded is in the vulnerable category of the IUCN.

Generally, the appearance and the state of health of the plant communities and the commonest plant species were quite normal. There was no evidence of endemic vegetation problems.

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Fig 4.24: Bush fallow in the study area

4.3.9 Terrestrial Flora (Wildlife) The wildlife of the study area is more abundant within the lowland rain forest. Species encountered are mammals, amphibians, reptiles and arthropods. While the aves (birds), some reptiles and amphibians inhabit tree crowns and trunk, most of the rodents, arthropods live within the bush fallow and farmlands.

There is no record of any Forest Reserve or other forms of protected areas in the neighbourhood of the project area. This is however with approval from appropriate government agencies. Some species of fauna including (insects, molluscs, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals) were recorded during the current study.

The invertebrate faunae were the most diverse and consisted mainly of forest dwelling species such as ants, beetles and millipedes. Two Mollusca species found in the area include the giant African land snail (Archachatina marginata suturalis) and the garden snail,Limicolaria aurora. The bird species recorded through sighting, nest observations and call sounds include the white egrets, kites, weaverbirds, owls and hawks (Table 4.8). Different species of reptiles and amphibians were also noticed. Prominent among these were Agama agama (common lizard), gecko, frogs and snakes. However, none of the wildlife species is recorded in endanger / threat status of the IUCN.

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Table 4.8: List of Fauna Species recorded in the Study Area

Taxa Common names Scientific names Arthropoda Dictyoptera Cockroaches Blatella sp. Gryllidae Crickets Gryllus sp. Gastropoda Water snail Lymnea sp. Water snail Physa sp Giant African land snail Archachatina marginata suturalis Garden snail Limicolaria aurora Amphibians Frog Dicroglossus sp. Frog Ptychadaena sp. Toad Bufo rugularis Toad Xenopolis sp. Birds (Aves) Cattle egret Egretta garzetta Senegal fire-finch Lagonstica senegala Forest robin Cercotrichas leucostcta Turtle dove Streptopelia semitorquata White-faced owl Accipiter badius African swift Collectoptera affinis. Palm swift Cypsiurus parvus Carrier Hawk Polyboroides radiatus Village weaver Ploceus cucullantus Red eyed dove Streptopelia semitorquata Common bulbul Pydnonotus barbatus Hornbill Lophoceros semifasciatus Yellow wagtail Budytes flavus Reptilia Lizard Agama agama Skink - Monitor lizard Gecko - Snake - Mammalia Giant rat Rattus sp Potto Perodictius potto Mona monkey Cercopithecus mona White-bellied pangolin Manis tricuspis Cutting – grass Thryonomys swinderianus Source (Field survey, April 2014)

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CHAPTER FIVE

SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSULTATION 5.0 INTRODUCTION An evaluation of the socio-economic characteristics of an area is an essential component of any meaningful and development-oriented environmental assessment study. This is because it is usually a presentation of the foretaste or general overview of the nature of the study area with respect to the proposed activities. It also gives an insight into the social, cultural, economic and political conditions of stakeholders including individuals, groups, communities and organizations. It is against this background that the socioeconomic variables of the study area be carefully studied and presented succinctly and broadly such that the impact of either the proposed or existing project on the generality of the area would be clearly revealed.

The socio-economic variables of this study were grouped into various categories such as demographic, economic, public services and social impact aspects. While the social aspects is concerned with the lives as well as social and cultural attitudes and values of the Project Affected Persons (PAP), the community services are concerned with housing and requirements for public services such as water, sanitation, communications, solid waste disposal as well as health and educational services. Demographic aspects, on its part, are concerned with population growth structures and distribution, while the economic aspects relate to the general characteristics, structures and changes of various economic activities and employment of the communities within the project area.

In summary, the socioeconomic baseline includes the following:  An assessment of the prevailing socioeconomic conditions in the study site. This includes provision of a baseline study and characterizing the existing state of the study site. This will assist in identifying the main areas of concerns;  An analysis of the impacts of the prevailing environmental conditions on the socioeconomic structure of the study sites; and  A development of a set of guidelines for establishing viable communities.

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5.1 METHODOLOGY A blend of investigative methods was used to acquire the socio-economic data. These include the following:  A review of secondary data;  Reconnaissance survey used to identify all communities that will be directly or indirectly affected and to alert the communities’ leaders and residents on the proposed project;  An in-depth interviews with community leaders of the identified communities (traditional leaders, women leaders, religious leaders and youth leaders);  Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with stakeholder and project affected communities, especially women. The summary of this is provided as Appendix III  Field observations by the consultants and interviewers;  Democratic tools used during FGDs, specifically community mapping, and paired needs ranking and case studies formulation; and  Structured questionnaire used to collect baseline information and the perception of the PAPs on the intervention. Simple random sampling was used for the administration of the questionnaire. The administration was done in such a way that the required number of questionnaires was actually returned in each of the communities. Population estimation was based on the combinations of questionnaire survey and projection from 1991 and 2006 census population figures conducted by the National Population Commission (NPC).

5.2 SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROJECT AFFECTED PEOPLE (PAP) This sub-section presents the socio-demographic information of the respondents, which is basically limited to their age, gender, education, marital status and monthly income of the in-scope households and individuals. The distribution of responses according to these parameters designate the respondents’ stance to several other desirable attributes that are related to the information provided.

5.2.1 Population Characteristics of the Proposed Project Area Since the proposed SEEFOR intervention project cuts across different settlements in three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Delta State, it was undoubtedly presumed that the communities and the settlements in these areas will be affected negatively and

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or positively by the project, which thus makes the examination of the demographic profile of these settlements necessary.

Expectedly, the data used for the examination were drawn from all the relevant documents of the LGAs and the feedback forms (questionnaires) used during the field survey. In other words, the population sizes of the proposed project area were estimated using the overall population of LGAs in which they are situated. This is mainly due to the fact that the communities in the proposed project area do not have a specific population record, as they constitute part of the overall population of their respective LGAs.

Population estimates for the State and the proposed project affected LGAs are presented in Figure 5.1 below. The Figure shows the 2006 population figures given by the National Population Commission (NPC) and with 3.2 % annual growth rate, as presented in the Figure, the population estimates for the State and the affected LGAs were projected till 2016. Thus, the population estimates for Delta State, particularly in Warri South LGA, Uvwie and Udu LGA, with sex ratio are expected to be approximately 5.4 million, 0.15 million, 0.25 and 0.19 million by 2016 respectively. A detailed result of the analysis is presented in the Figure 3.1 below.

Delta State, Total 2016, 5,409,876.12

Delta State, Total

2006, 4,098,391

Delta State, Male Delta State, Female 2016, 2,738,084 2016, 2,671,792 Delta State, Male Delta State, Female

2006, 2,074,306 2006, 2,024,085 Population

Female Female Male 2006 Male 2016 Total 2006 Total 2016 2006 2016 Delta State 2,074,306 2,738,084 2,024,085 2,671,792 4,098,391 5,409,876.1 Warri South 63,315 83,576 53,366 70,443 116,681 154,019 Uvwie 95,051 125,467 96,421 127,276 191,472 252,743 Udu 71,242 94,039 72,119 95,197 143,361 189,237

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Fig. 5.1: Population Estimation and Projection of the Project Site (Source NPC and 3% growth rate analysis)

Specifically, the total population of Warri South was 143,361 people in 2006 and is projected to rise to 154,019 by 2016, Uvwie was 191,472 in 2006 and is projected to rise to 252,743 in 2016 while that of Udu was 143,361 in 2006 and is projected to rise to 189, 237 in 2016. The projected population of the three LGAs in 2016 amounts to 595,998 people in 2016.

5.2.2 Gender/Sex Profile The sex distribution of the respondents is presented in Figure 5.2. below. The result presented in the figure shows that there are more females (61.5%) than males (38.5%) respondents. Efforts were made through repeated visits to capture more male respondents, but the predominance of female respondents was more dominant. The high concentration of women in the area may be justified by the gender-based activity (trading) in most of the areas.

Series1, FEMALE, 61.54

Series1, MALE,

38.46 Percentage

Sex

Fig. 5.2: Sex Profile of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.3 Age Profile . The age distribution of respondents of the study area is presented in Fig. 5.3.

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Series1, 18-45,

76.92

Series1, 46-65, Percentage 23.08

Series1, <18, 0.00 Age Profile Series1, >66, 0.00

Fig. 5.3: Age Profile of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As presented above, most of the respondents (79.92%) belong to the age-bracket 18-45 years. They constitute the young adult and working population. Their prominence in the area is not unconnected to the urban and commercial nature of most of the area, especially Warri and Uvwie, while the relatively lower proportion of old adult (23.08%) within age range 45-65 years can be explained by the presence of the rural, agrarian settlement of Udu among the project site.

5.2.4 Ethnic group The ethnic composition of the project area is depicted in Fig. 5.4 below. The ethnic composition shows that most of the PAPs are Urhobos (34.46%). This is closely followed by the Itsekiris (28.21%), Igbo (23.08%) and Edo (10.26%). The predominance of the Urhobo and Itsekiri ethnic group is well understood as they are the traditional landowners. The relatively high presence of Igbo and Edo ethnic group in the area can be explained by the proximity of the states of these ethnic groups to the project site.

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Series1, URHOBO, 38.46

Series1, ITSEKIRI, 28.21

Series1, IGBO,

23.08 Percentage

Series1, EDO, 10.26

Ethnic Group

Fig. 5.4: Ethnic groupings and Classification of the Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April, 2014)

5.2.5 Level of Education The educational level of the project area is presented in Fig. 5.5 below.

Series1, SECONDARY SCHOOL, 35.90 Series1, PRIMARY

SCHOOL, 28.21

Series1, NONE, 17.95 Series1, TERTIARY,

15.38 Percentage

Series1, UNIVERSITY, 2.56 Series1, POST Educational Level GRAD, 0.00

Fig. 5.5: Educational Status of the Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As depicted in the figure above, most of the respondents possess secondary school education (35.9%). This is followed by those with primary school leaving certificate (28.21%), while 17.95% of the respondents do not have any form of formal education. 2.56% and 15.38% of the respondents, however, possess university and other forms of tertiary education respectively.

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5.2.5 Families and Households There are various categories of families and households observed in the proposed project community. Consequently, this section discusses families and households under two sub-sections, namely; marital status and family type.

5.2.6.1 Marital Status The marital status of the respondents can be described as the types of relationships that exist between adults (male and female) within a particular population. With respect to a sampled individuals or households, it shows the number of individuals of marriage age that are actually married and those who are yet to be married. Fig. 5.6 below shows the marital status of the respondents in the study area.

Series1, DIVORCED, 0.00

Series1, WIDOWED, 23.08

Series1,

MaritalStatus MARRIED, 46.15

Series1, SINGLE, 30.77 Percentage

Fig. 5.6: Marital Status (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

As shown above, those with married status constitute the predominant marital status in the area with the (46.15%). This is followed by those with single marital status (30.77%); and widowed marital status (23.08%). The predominance of married marital status indicates the potential for an increase in the area’s population.

5.2.6.2 Family Types Family type is the description of the family structure in any study. It is defined based on the arrangement of the family with respect to the head of household, household typology and the size of the family. Each of these is described for the sampled population in order to get an overview of the family structure in the project area.

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As illustrated in Fig. 5.7 below, there are two types of households in the project site. Expectedly, most of the sampled families are headed by men (74.36%) while women heads 25.64% of the household sampled. This is illustrated in Fig. 5.7.

Series1, FATHER,

74.36

Series1, WOMAN,

Percentage 25.64

Household head Series1, CHILD, 0.00

Fig. 5.7: Household typology (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

More important is the size of the family, which is a relevant socioeconomic and psychosocial parameter, used in understanding the complex structure of the family in a particular population. As shown in Fig. 5.8 below, there are five family size categories, with three (17.95%) as the minimum and four as the maximum family size (20.51%). Others include four (25.64%), five and seven (20.51%), and six (15.38%). By implication, the number of people that are susceptible to social and environmental impact of the proposed project is high within a particular family.

Series1, 4, 25.64

Series1, 5, 20.51 Series1, 7+, 20.51

Series1, 3, 17.95

Series1, 6, 15.38 Percentage

Household Size

Fig. 5.8: Household Size in the Study Area (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

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5.2.7 Residential Status of Respondents The assessment of the in-situ households’ residential status is illustrated in Fig. 5.9 below. As presented, 74.36% of the sampled individuals and households were permanent residents in the proposed project area with well over a decade of stay. The returnees constitute 25.64%, while none of the respondents is a non-residents.

Series1, PERMANENT

RESIDENT, 74.36

Series1,

Percentage RETURNEE, 25.64

Series1, NON Residency Duration RESIDENT, 0.00

Fig. 5.9: Residential Status of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.8 Duration of Stay in Area The residence duration of the respondents has implications for this study. It is generally believed that, the validity of the data collected from the sampled population is determined by the longevity of the residence of the interviewees based on their knowledge of the area.

Series1, >10, 74.36

Series1, 6-9YRS, 25.64

Series1, 3-5 YR, 0.00 ResidencyDuration

Series1, 0-2, 0.00 Percentage

Fig 5.10: Length of Residence (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

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Most of the sampled individuals and households (74.36%) have lived in the area for over ten years while the respondents who have lived in the area for between 6–9 years constitute 25.64%. The graphic presentation of the result is shown in Fig. 5.10.

5.2.9 Employment Status of Respondents It is understood in this study that the employment status of a given population is an indication of the major source of income of the household members of such population. It gives an insight into the potential source of labour in an area. It indicates the source of livelihood and family socioeconomic sustenance.

As depicted in Fig. 5.11 below, most of the respondents are traders while others are engaged in a potpourri of urban jobs, conveniently classified as miscellaneous activities. Those engaged in other urban-based activities are essentially service based workmen and women. They render diverse support-based services for different categories of industry within the urban areas of the Warri metropolis. A detailed finding is graphically presented in Fig. 5.11 below.

Series1, OTHERS, 7.69Series1, UNEMPOLYED, Series1, SOCIAL 10.26

SUPPORT, 0.00 Series1, SELF EMPLOYED, 10.26 Series1, EMPLOYED, 5.13 Series1, ARTISAN,

Occupation 7.69 Series1, TRADING, 38.46 Series1, DAILY LABOURER, 5.13 Series1, FARMER, 15.38 Percentage

Fig. 5.11: Main Occupation of Respondents (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.2.10 Income Level of the Respondents The income status of the sampled individuals and households refers to the average income a respondent expects to get daily, weekly and monthly for engaging in an economic activity through self-employment or as an employee. It shows the economic status of a particular population. The income status of the respondents as estimated on monthly basis is graphically presented in Fig. 5.12 below.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Series1, 5K, 35.90 Series1, 6K - 20K, 30.77

Series1, 21K - 60K,

20.51 Percentage

Series1, 61 - 100K, Series1, 101+, 2.56 Income level 0.00

Fig. 5.12: Income Status (Source: Field Survey, April 2014)

5.3 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE AND STANDARD OF LIVING 5.3.1 Housing Characteristics in the Project Area This measure is an essential socioeconomic parameter of the standard of living, which is used to correlate employment status and income structure. The higher the quality of materials used in the construction of the buildings, ceteris paribus, the higher the standard of living and the quality of life.

Table 5.2 presents the distribution of materials used for the construction of the different sections of the buildings and the tenure systems of land and building. For buildings with the wall construction, most of the buildings are made of concrete blocks (79.49%) and plastered mud (20.51%). For the roofing, 74.36% have corrugated roofing sheets while 25.64% are made with aluminium. Floor materials are mainly made of concrete cement (84.62%), earthen floor (5.13%), tiles (5.13%), and other materials (5.13%). The number of rooms was also used as a housing definition parameter. It is an essential element in ascertaining the available space used for living by the households within the project area. Most of the residents (48.72%) of the project site lived in about 3–4 room apartment excluding the rest rooms (toilet and kitchen), 33.33% of the respondents live in 1–2 rooms while other room types are occupied by 17.95% of the respondents. The availability of toilet facilities was also

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assessed and this showed that 46.15% of the residents use the pit latrine toilet, 38.46% uses the water closet, while 10.26% have their toilets located outside the buildings. 5.13% of the respondents, however, do not have toilets.

In general, most of the residents of the project area live in average housing structure. The tenure of housing showed that most of the buildings (41.03%) are occupied by the owners. This is followed by those occupied by tenants (38.46%), while 20.51% are occupiers based on rent-free.

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Table 5.1: Type of Materials in the Building and Tenure Systems Building section Materials Proportion Building section Materials Proportion (%) (%) Wall Materials Plastered 20.51 Toilet Facility Pit Latrine 46.15 Mud Cement 79.49 Water Closet 38.46 block Others 0.00 Outside 10.26 Dwelling TOTAL 100 None 5.13 Roofing Corrugated 74.36 TOTAL 100 roofing Aluminum 25.64 Tenure of Owned 41.03 Housing Asbestos 0.00 Rented 38.46 Tiles 0.00 Occupied for 20.51 free Others 0.00 Others 0.00 TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100 Floor Materials Earthen 5.13 Tenure of Land Owned 41.03 Concretes 84.62 Rented 38.46 Tiles 5.13 Occupied for 20.51 free Others 5.13 Others 0.00 TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100 Number of 1-2 Rooms 33.33 Rooms 3-4 Rooms 48.72 Others 17.95 TOTAL 100 Source: Field Survey, April 2014

3.3.2 Source of Energy Certainly, energy is a key household service necessary for socioeconomic assessment which makes the evaluation of its sources essential. The availability and utilization of energy for domestic and commercial usage is mainly of two perspectives, i.e. lighting and cooking. Table 3.3 below shows the ranking of energy used for cooking by the residents of the project area. In all, most of the residents rely on public electricity from PHCN (66.67%), followed by rechargeable lamps (48.57%), generator (46.43%), and candle (50%). This shows that even though electricity supply was regarded as unstable, most of the respondents still heavily depend on it.

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Table 5.2: Source of energy for lighting Energy Source Rank Percentage Energy Source Rank Percentage Public 1 66.67 Candle 1 25.00 Electricity 2-3 33.33 2-3 50.00 >3 0 >3 25.00 TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100 Generator 1 46.43 Torch 1 35.71 2-3 53.57 2-3 7.14 >3 >3 57.14 TOTAL 100 TOTAL 100 Rechargeable 1 48.57 lamps 2-3 51.43 TOTAL 100 (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

The main source of energy for cooking in the project area based on ranking and choice is kerosene closely followed by gas (35%). Kerosene was selected due to its relatively low economic cost, ease of usage and availability in the area.

5.4 ASSESSMENT OF HEALTH STATUS OF SAMPLED HOUSEHOLDS The general health status examination of the project area was based on the management of health issues and mainly the connection between the health status and the condition of the roads in the area. In order to understand the status of the residents, the relationship between the health status and the road condition in the area was assessed based on the cause-effect analysis. In the assessment, 78.79% claimed that their health status is neither triggered nor related to the condition of the road. This statistics forms the basis of other health assessment in the project area.

5.4.1 Method of Healthcare An initial assessment of the respondent’s current state of health was conducted. All the respondents claimed to be healthy. However, when the method of their healthcare was assessed, variations in responses were noted and computed in Fig. 5.13 below.

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Series1, ATTEND

HOSPITAL, 64.10

Series1, BUY DRUGS FROM

CHEMIST, 25.64 Percentage Series1, OTHER, Series1, Series1, NONE, 7.69 2.56 HealthcareTRADITIONAL, Centre 0.00

Fig. 5.13: Health Status of Sampled Individuals and Households (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

5.4.2 Assessment of Ailment/Sickness Dominant in the Project Area It is deemed paramount in this study to understand the dominant health condition of the people in the project area since the previous parameters have been established. As captured in Fig. 5.14 below, the most common health challenge/ailment among the respondents in area is Malaria (41.03%). Others, in hierarchical order, include cough (15.38), Catarrh (15.38%), water-borne diseases, skin diseases and cough (17.95%) respectively.

The perception of the respondents on the dominant health challenges showed that the environment and specifically the condition of the road affect their health greatly. This was emphasized further by the claim that the diseases are sometimes seasonal with incidence of malaria and waterborne diseases increasing during the rainy season while cough, catarrh and skin diseases prominent during the dry seasons. The seasonal nature and persistence of these diseases were emphasized, since they affect the residents either simultaneously or consecutively from one family member to another.

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Series1, MALARIA,

41.03

Series1, WATER- BORNE DISEASE, Series1, COUGH, Series1, CATARRH, 17.95

Percentage 15.38 15.38 Series1, SKIN DISEASE, 10.26

Types of Ailment

Fig. 5.14: Ailment/Sickness Rampant Among the Sampled Households (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

5.5 SOURCES OF DOMESTIC WATER There are six different sources of water available for daily usage in the project area. First is water sold to community members as they fetch from a commercial borehole. Second, some depend on the private borehole water while the third source of water is the community/public taps.

Out of the three, the commercial borehole is the most used for general water needs, i.e. for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing. As shown in Table 5.3, 53.85% relies on commercial borehole for drinking, 58.33% for cooking, and 51.61% for bathing and washing. Therefore, it can be established that the borehole is the main source of water for the community. The quality of the water however remains a challenge with some community members complaining about the lack of proper treatment of the water as well as the general unhygienic nature of the environment where the water is fetched. Next after the commercial boreholes are public water pump, community pump and pipe water outside dwelling; all constituting substantial source of water for drinking, cooking, bathing and washing respectively. However, a relatively small percentage of the residents claimed to use the water from the hand dug wells. The river was lowest source of water constituting 2.56% for drinking, 2.78% for cooking, and 3.23% both for bathing and washing.

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Table 5.3 Sources of Domestic water Value Label Drinking Water Cooking Water Bathing & Washing Percentage Percentage Percentage LAGOON 0.00 0.00 0.00 WELL 7.69 13.89 16.13 COMMERCIAL 53.85 58.33 51.61 BOREHOLE PUBLIC WATER PUMP 15.38 11.11 12.90 COMMUNITY TAP 10.26 11.11 12.90 PIPE WATER OUTSIDE 10.26 2.78 3.23 DWELLING RIVER 2.56 2.78 3.23 RAIN HARVESTING 0.00 0.00 0.00 WATER VENDOR 2.56 2.78 3.23 WATER TANKER 0.00 0.00 0.00 OTHER 0.00 0.00 0.00 LAGOON 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total Response 100.0 100.0 100.0 (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

5.6 ASSESSMENT OF WASTE MANAGEMENT METHODS Waste management is an essential socioeconomic and environmental yardstick for measuring safety and environmental cleanliness and awareness. The management of waste generated simply deals with waste handling across the spectrum of generating, collecting and general waste treatment. A properly handled waste management approach determines the extent of vulnerability to diseases and epidemics.

Fig. 5.15 shows the refuse collection methods used by the residents of the project area. Most of the residents (35.90%) dispose their refuse by the roadside for the waste collector, while 10.26% claimed to use the so-called community dumpsite. 17.95%, however, stated that they burn their waste while the remaining respondents claim they dump their waste at their backyard (30.77%).

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Fig. 5.15 Solid Waste Management Methods (Source: Fieldwork, April 2014)

5.7 COMMUNITIES’ ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS (CECS) For every proposed environmental rehabilitation activity, there are perceived implications at the community level. The perception at this level often goes a long way to underpin the extent of success such projects would have. For the proposed road rehabilitation project in the Warri metropolis, relevant questions were used to inquire from the respondents their perception of the project and their response goes thus: On their awareness of the SEEFOR intervention project, most of the respondents opined that they are unaware of the proposed project. Specifically, only about 24.2% are aware while 75.8% are ignorant of the proposed project (source, field survey). In essence, more vibrant, consistent and continuous means of disseminating information to virtually all concerned stakeholders are required.

With regards to the need for the intervention, most of the respondents embraced the initiation of the proposed road rehabilitation project. This, they indicated, is necessary to avert the present problems in the area, which includes: traffic congestion (17.95%); non-accessibility (7.69%); contamination of groundwater (5.13%); breeding site for disease vectors (23.08%); noise/air pollution (20.51%); and flooding (25.64%). This is presented in Fig 3.16 below.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Series1, FLOODING, 25.64 Series1, NOISE/AIR POLLUTION, 20.51

Series1, BREEDING SITE 4 DISEASE VECTOR, 23.08 Series1,

CONTAMINATION projectsite OF SWATER, 5.13 Series1, NON ACCESSIBILITY, 7.69

Impactofthe Present Stateof the Series1, TRAFFIC Percentage CONGESTION, 17.95

Fig 5.16: Impact of the Present State of the proposed project site

However, even though the intervention project was welcomed, some environmental and socio-economic concerns were raised. These are the perceived adverse environmental impacts that may come up with the road rehabilitation projects especially during construction and operation phases. These are presented in table 5.4.

Table 5.4: Perceived environmental Impacts of the road network across the various stages of the rehabilitation project Environmental Challenges During rehabilitation (%) Maintenance (%) Soil Infertility 2.56 0.00 Poor Drainage 5.13 7.41 Low Visibility 2.56 7.41 Environmental Degradation 12.82 3.70 Degraded Land 7.69 14.81 Destruction of public infrastructure 30.77 48.15 Pollution (air, surface water, 2.56 3.70 groundwater, noise) TOTAL 100 100 Source: Field Survey, April 2014

The potential environmental concerns raised with respect to the construction phase of the project include destruction of public infrastructure (30.77%), flooding (23.08%), possible environmental degradation (12.82%) and badlands (7.69%). There are traces of bad roads (5.13%), poor drainages (6.06%), environmental degradation and pollution of key aspects of the environment (air, surface water, groundwater, noise). Only a handful

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of these environmental distresses were highlighted for the operation and maintenance phase of the project. The major concern expressed by the residents of the project area is related to the destruction of public infrastructure (48.15%). Other concerns include development of degraded lands (14.81%), badlands (11.11%), poor drainage (7.41%) and poor visibility (7.41%).

5.8 IMPACT EVALUATION OF THE ROAD REHABILITATION INTERVENTION ACTIVITIES With regards to the tranquility of the area, the respondents affirmed that the community is presently peaceful and the project may not necessarily stimulate any form of youth restiveness. However, daunting issues that could trigger youth restiveness in the area were outlined. This is shown in Fig.5.17 below.

Series1, OTHERS, 0.00 Series1, LOCAL PEOPLE NOT EMPLOYED, 56.41 Series1, POSSIBILE THEFT OF SACRED ITEMS, 2.56 Series1, LOSS OF FARMLAND/PROPER TY, 25.64

Possible Possible Causes ofRestiveness Series1, DISRESPECT NORMS, 15.38 Percentage

Fig. 5.17: Possible causes of youthful restiveness during the project (Source: April 2014)

As shown above, the most pertinent issue that may possibly cause youth restiveness in the area is the non-inclusion of the youth in the project. This is followed by loss of properties especially shops and caravans, disregard for local norms and then possible theft of sacred items.

In other words, to forestall any form of restiveness in the area, the expectation of the people especially during the construction phase includes:  Employment of the locals;

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 Adequate compensation to people whose properties will be loss due to the intervention.

Having taken care of the above, the communities assured a total cooperation with the Warri metropolis SEEFOR, contractors and consultants. They promised adequate security / protection of live, properties and equipment’s during construction.

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CHAPTER SIX ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

6.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter concisely presents the potential impacts of the activities that will be engaged during the pre-construction, construction and maintenance and operation phase of the proposed project on the environment. It discusses the alternatives for either the acceptance of the proposed project or its rejection. The stated impacts cover the broad spectrum of the environmental and social dimensions of the proposed rehabilitation works in Warri metropolis of Delta State, Nigeria.

6.1 POTENTIAL IMPACTS The potential environmental and social impacts that could arise from the road rehabilitation operations have been categorized under the various project phases, namely Pre-Construction, Construction and Operation and Maintenance Phases. The following discussions below are summary of the impacts and the details:

6.1.1 Positive impacts Based on the facts emanating from socioeconomic profile and social status of the residents of the project area, construction and rehabilitation works will reduce the unpleasant experiences of the residents to a barest minimum. The essential positive impacts of the project are listed as follows:  Minimization of flooding: The project site is currently being challenged by enormous flooding problems especially when it rains. This is not unconnected to the relatively flat nature of the terrain nature of the area in addition to the problems of blocked drains which in most cases, leads to obstruction of movement within the community, and loss of crops planted on the farmland. At the completion of the project, these challenges and the associated loss of properties and travel time will be greatly reduced.  Employment opportunities The provision of employment opportunity is an essential positive impact of the project to the community. The project will create significant temporary employment for construction workers, equipment maintenance and support staff. While a small number of senior project managers may come from overseas and other experts from

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elsewhere in Nigeria, majority of the project staff are expected to be recruited locally from within the Warri metropolis. In many of the corridors particularly the ones earmarked for rehabilitation, locals told the team during consultations that some of them were trained equipment operators and had enough working experience. The challenge the contractor would have choosing out of the large pool, limited number of workers. Jobs will also be created by the presence of construction gangs (food vending, trading in household items clothing and commencement of new business ventures), while new business opportunities would be created when a contractor/or labor crew commence work in an area. Many more people will have a regular monthly income similar to the typical rural dweller whose income is seasonal. There will also be more expendable income available. Their demand for various items would fuel supply and lead to brisk business in toiletries, cooked food, groceries, clothing and accessories, medicines and many other items.  Improved accessibility When the roads are improved, accesses are enhanced especially in Udu where farmers would be able to get their produce out to the markets for sale. In much similar way, in Warri metropolis, reduction in travel time will be enhanced.

 The local, regional and national economies would expand Business will expand and there will be more money in circulation. Farmers will be able to sell their produce and have more money. Markets in these corridors will become more vibrant because many more people can afford to buy. In the same vein, and new businesses will open up to provide all manner of services because people can now afford to pay for services. Roads make the location of industries in new places easier because whatever is produced can be evacuated. The economies of the locality, the general region and the country expands as many more people invest in commerce, providing goods and services and industry

6.1.2 Negative Impacts The identified potential negative impacts have been grouped on the basis of whether they occur during the pre-construction, construction or operation phase in the subsequent sections. This is necessary to facilitate the implementation of the mitigation measures that are outlined in the Environmental and Social Management plan (ESMP) included in the next chapter of this report.

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6.1.2.1 Pre-Construction Phase Displacement of People: The proposed development will not lead to potentially displacement of people within the road alignment. However, petty traders along the road alignment may need to move away especially during construction. All affected persons must be compensated adequately, considering who may have to be relocated to different location. The following will be done;  Appropriate identification and mapping of the PAPs (Project Affected Persons),  logistical provision for resettling the people so that they can move on with their livelihood 6.1.2.2 Construction Phase A critical requirement with the level of construction anticipated in the project area is the right of way. Vegetation will be cleared from sites, large drains will be constructed and other related constructions will be erected. These activities during the construction phase will intensify and the environment will be disturbed and affected. Generally, key negative impacts of the development which are likely to occur include:  Impacts on Flora and Fauna: One of the major potential unavoidable impacts of road works is its effect on the terrestrial vegetation in the vicinity of the construction works. The impacts on natural vegetation are associated with the construction of drainage structures and the control of vegetation. There are significant areas of natural or semi-natural forest all along the project roads but no designated or protected areas of terrestrial ecological interest will be affected by the proposed construction activities.

Information obtained from field investigation confirms that no locally or regionally endangered species will be affected as a result of the proposed rural road rehabilitation. Clearing of vegetation would also be required on other roads that have been overgrown with shrubs and bushes. This would result in loss of vegetative cover.  Impacts on water and water resources Impact on water resources is critical to the project area. Moreover that there are a number of river and stream crossings on the roads, including marshes and swamps. A source of water pollution from the construction could therefore lead to severe impact on the surface and groundwater water resources of the project area. In addition, earthworks during construction may release suspended particles in the water which could have detrimental effect on water organisms. However, the critical concern is the

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impact of the construction activities on the hydrological functions of shallow water bodies such as wetlands in the area. Sources of waste-related point source and non- point pollution of water bodies could include: i. Wastewater containing high suspended solids; ii. Oil residues and industrial fluids from the washing of plant and vehicles that spilled into nearby water body and seeped into groundwater; iii. Spilt fuel oil around fuel storage tanks that seeped into groundwater and nearby stream; and iv. Waste oil, grease and de-greasing solvents from vehicle and plant servicing. v. Heaped construction materials such as sand and other aggregates could be carried in run-off into the water course leading to siltation and affecting water quality. vi. Exposing large cleared areas for long periods without the expected road works would render such areas susceptible to sheet erosion (in rainy season), resulting in sedimentation. Pollution of these resources may arise at or close to the base camp or work sites as a result of inadequate provision of sanitary and waste facilities, and accidental or deliberate spillage or leakage of polluting materials. Such pollution will adversely affect those who depend on local water resources. Inappropriate disposal of refuse and some materials used in construction can also lead to public and animal health hazards.  Noise and vibratory impacts During construction, permissible/acceptable human noise levels can be temporarily exceeded due to the operation of lorries and equipment in the working zone of the road rehabilitation site. Noise abatement measures will be taken in the zones crossing the residential areas, including adequate work scheduling. The scheduling should also be designed to incorporate every form of social activities that may be affected in order to reduce any form of infringement. The impact of sustained noise on humans includes stress, headaches and in extreme cases hearing impairment. Noise also affects wildlife as it drives animals away from their natural habitat.  Dust generation and air quality impacts Excavation, loading and emptying of dump trucks will generate dust. Exhaust emissions from vehicles moving between sites will also contribute to air pollution. Excessive dust is known to cause upper respiratory diseases, aggravate allergies like

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Asthma and cause eye irritation. Dust also impedes visibility and increases the risk of accidents. Dust settles on foliage and disturbs plant growth.  Waste generation Road construction tends to generate different forms of waste. There is the unsuitable material from road surface, garbage from activities of workers, food wrappers, paper, cartons, plastic containers and human waste. Indiscriminate disposal of waste could breed flies, mice and other pests that can cause disease like diarrhoea, cholera, malaria when mosquitoes breed in water collected in small containers. Littering also destroys the beauty of the natural habitat. Plastics, especially plastic bottles are a major problem in Urban areas. If plastics are not properly disposed off, they will aggravate the already bad situation. Ruminants are known to die from ingesting plastic bags. Waste could also be carried by runoff into streams where it impedes flow and impacts on water quality.  Road diversion & Detours Without adequate signage road diversions could increase the risk of accidents (Speeding vehicles may fall into open ditches, workers and other pedestrians could be knocked down) Diversions slow down traffic and increase travel time. It could significantly impact on accessing health care for the sick and in times of emergency. Creation of detours may also impact on vegetation. Delays will be most noticeable during morning and evening peak 'rush-hours’ even though these are relatively modest in Udu, it is not in Warri metropolis. Resulting delays will be most serious when they impact ambulances, fire engines, blood bank vans and other emergency vehicles. There are expected to be no significant impacts to non-vehicular traffic.

Community-Worker Relations Friction may be caused by inappropriate or unacceptable behaviour of workers on project site. Sexual activity of workers with locals for instance, may lead to unwanted pregnancies, STIs and Increased incidence in HIV/AIDS.

6.1.2.3 Operations and Maintenance Phase During the operation and maintenance phase, there are series of activities that will impact the environment across different scales. Maintenance and repairs could stimulate issues such as air quality impairment, noise and vibration, water quality,

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traffic and transportation, occupational health and safety issues, amongst several others.

Specifically, the maintenance/rehabilitation works, will significantly affect the topography of the project area. In addition, other activities such as construction and civil works combined with increased vehicular traffic in the area might intensify to an adverse extent, thus reducing road transportation capacity. It is not expected that pesticides and other chemical products will be used. Weed killers may be used along the drains and around the alignment of the rehabilitated area to ensure smooth water flow. Maintenance plans should therefore examine issues of design alterations, departure of the on-site activities from the initial project design, etc. Maintenance therefore should examine issues from the standpoint of maintaining and sustaining the original standard and design for the project area.

Air quality: The operation and maintenance phase is also envisaged to bring about air quality issues which will arise owing to increased vehicular traffic in the project area stimulated by the need to rehabilitate the roads. Dust particles and other potentially harmful particles will be released to the environment, which could prevent visibility and affect the general environmental outlook of the project area. These might be noticed by the residents or even traced with the hospital records close to the project area. It therefore becomes imperative to put a consistent structure to check the air quality of the project during this phase of the project.

Noise and vibration: This is a likely phenomenon that can be related to the increase in the traffic and the impact of machineries that will be used for the rehabilitation exercise. In order words, the operation and maintenance phase of the project will attract heavy traffic as the rehabilitation works will lead to inward movement of people. Thus, number of vehicles will increase and the facilities that will be used for the maintenance of the structures put in place will also generate noise in the area. These activities could increase the ambient decibel levels beyond permissible limits.

Water quality issues: Water quality issues could arise from run off from the roadways that crisscross the project site, community solid wastes, and agricultural wastes. It therefore becomes imperative to ensure that measures such as pH levels, turbidity,

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water colour and other physical and chemical measures are examined from time to time during this phase.

Traffic and transportation: At this phase, intense traffic is expected. Proper traffic maintenance measures should be put in place by the local traffic maintenance authority in order to curtail man-hours waste on roads.

Occupation health and safety: Workers and other contractor staff members might be exposed to accidents at this stage of the project. The condition of work is also very essential to be considered, working under stringent environmental hazards, exposure to insects, carnivorous animals and other unsafe working conditions are possible scenarios. In some cases, in situ workers may be injured and some members of the public can be affected at this stage. Thus, proper safety measures must be put in place and first aid materials must be made available.

6.1.3 Social Impacts The project area is located within commercial, residential, industrial and institutional areas. Adjoining land uses like farms also exist which makes large negative social impacts likely trees.

Cultural Impacts: Given what we know of the proposed project area (no history of historical artifacts or chance finds from past excavations in the area), it is not envisaged that thee road maintenance/rehabilitation intervention activity will cause damage to historical, archeological and cultural sites. In the event that an archaeological resource is discovered during the construction process, a procedure for the safeguard of such resource must be implemented. Such a procedure should identify the importance of such archaeological resource and should outline what will happen if previously unknown physical resources are encountered during project construction or operation. The procedure should include record keeping and expert verification procedures, chain of custody instructions for movable finds, and clear criteria for potential temporary work stoppages that could be required for rapid disposition of issues related to the finds. The site Safeguards Officer will inspect and secure the site, and will then contact Delta State Ministry of Arts and Culture for advice and arrange for a survey or salvage work as appropriate.

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Impact on Agriculture, Settlements and Community facilities: Most of the impact on social life along the road alignment will occur during the construction period. The impacts will be both positive and negative. Positive impacts include temporary markets for goods and services, including sources of employment for certain tasks during construction. Some of the recreation requirements of the work force are likely to cause negative impacts. Use of alcohol among the working crew may affect the local population negatively through increased violence and abuse of local women. There will also be an increased risk for spreading of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDS in the project area. Agriculture being both an economic and social activity going by the heavy dependence of economic trees like the Palm tree.

Impact on Ambient Air and Traffic: The air emissions from construction machinery will be minor and so will have negligible impact on ambient air quality. However, the extent of traffic generated during the construction phase will be a source of concern. Movement of heavy-duty machineries, lorries and other construction works might impact traffic and air quality thereby affecting road users. Thus, road signs and other road safety measures as well as traffic diversion signs will be used to properly direct traffic to ensure safety and proper movement of vehicles plying the road.

Solid Waste: There will be loss of existing undergrowth during the clearing of the road alignment in readiness for the construction and related engineering works. There will also be solid waste generated from the excavation works. Some of the excavated soil could be reused as backfill, while the rest will be disposed of to the designated areas. Solid topsoil wastes from the sites will be the main form of solid waste. Other solid wastes will include metallic pieces, wooden planks, and stone debris. All the wastes will be disposed of according to the legislation guiding the same. Health Issues: Some of the significant health concerns associated with new projects include shortage of facilities like toilets and catering facilities for construction workers. In this instance, the constructor remains the only responsible party to ensure that his or her workers are provided with the required facilities. These facilities could either be put in place before the construction work commences or arrangement could be done such that the personnel on the field could get the facilities from the neighbouring communities.

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The control building for equipment and control facility will be supplied with portable water and shall have sanitation and wastewater facilities. Periodical investigations, maintenance, and remedy of failures and accidents will be performed by specifically trained staff. Gender Issues: The project is not expected to have any adverse impact on women rather it will enhance their accessibility to farmland, market and other locations for their livelihood. Also, women will be engaged during construction activities especially in the provision of ancillary activities such as food and water..

Safety Issues: During the construction phase, the work will involve the use of sharp objects, noisy machinery that will create dust.. The constructor will be required to provide his workers with the relevant protective gears like boots, gloves, protective clothing dust masks and earmuffs. These should be provided for in the project budget. The ground will also be made wet to prevent dust. Warning signs will be expected to be displayed next to dangerous points and machines so as to restrict the movement of unauthorised personnel on site during construction and to warn heavy-duty vehicles that will be at the site against possible danger. All litter and debris will be picked up and disposed in a central disposal site so as to avoid subsequent injuries during and after the construction, work is complete.

A safety officer will be at the construction site during the construction phase at all times. The safety officer will make sure a first aid kit is always available and that the skilled workers are aware of the safety rules.

The immediate surrounding will experience an increase in human traffic and noise during ground preparation. In a construction site, noise is likely to be produced by the construction machinery excavator and lorries during the civil works. Noise is also most likely to emanate from the regular masonry operations such as stone dressing. The machine operators and workers who will be in close proximity to the machinery will be required to wear protective gears such as earmuffs during the construction period.

Workers must wear safety gears like gumboots, helmets, safety belts (harness), dust masks and approved welding glasses for welders. Other safety precautions are

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stipulated in the Health and Safety guidelines. Finally, the contractor will conduct a risk-based assessment of all construction and operations tasks, and provide appropriate safety measures. Also, the contractor should register with any government hospital or certified private hospital and provide a plan route for emergency situation. Other safety precautions are stipulated in the World Bank/IFC Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines particularly the sections of the Toll Roads and Construction Materials Extraction

6.2 Analysis of Alternatives In the context of this ESMP, the analysis (assessment) of project alternatives refers to the performance of the resources with or without the completion of the project or with or without the implementation of the measures designed with this ESMP and/or safeguard instruments considered appropriate. It is therefore a comparison of possible alternatives to be considered with respect to the proposed project.

One of the stated alternatives will be prescribed owing to its outstanding merits over others. The choice will be centered on the fundamentals of meeting with the threshold of criteria regarding all considered environmental and social variables that are paramount to the project (i.e Applicable or Relevant and Appropriate Requirements (ARAR)). For this project, analysis of the various alternatives is presented as follows: 6.2.1 No-Action alternative The assumption behind this alternative is based on the impression that there will be no alteration to the existing condition at the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance site. Specifically, the prevailing road condition will be left untouched, unaddressed and without any civil works or any engineering construction works. Consequently, the conditions at the road rehabilitation site and its alignment will worsen resulting in the increase of traffic delays, flooding and other related ailments. With the no-action alternative, accidents on the road will increase; flooding will persist unchecked and uncontrolled. Other environmental and social effects such as reduction of existing road capacity, exposure to risk and dangers from the high currents of floodwaters, high cost of transportation, destruction of soil, exposure of flora and fauna to devastating imprints of erosion, loss of land and landed properties,

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

and likely surface and groundwater pollution will intensify. Essentially, the prevailing conditions will be left without any amelioration effort.

As a result of these effects, the no-action alternative is not recommended for this project.

6.2.2 The Use of Civil Works For the anticipated restoration and rehabilitation of the roads in the project area, all elements of the environmental and social components should be considered. This approach will ensure that germane components of the natural and human environment under the threat and risk of destruction such as soil, public infrastructure, social and community infrastructures and facilities will be secured in the project area.

The procedure for such rehabilitation works and associated enhancements will involve intensive civil works across the broad spectrum of the affected and high-risk areas. Thus, physical construction works will be adopted in restoring and enhancing the affected areas as envisioned according to the goals of SEEFOR. Adverse impacts of these activities will be highly minimized in such a way that the merits outweigh the demerits, thus, manageable.

Furthermore, drainage construction works will control the incidence flood related ailments of loss of work hours and wastage of economic resources currently being experienced in the project area. The quality of lives and enhancement of livelihood for the community residents will also be enhanced with the implementation of the stated measures in the ESMP. The cost of transportation will either normalise or be reduced to the anticipate cost. Essentially, agricultural commodities being transported to the traditional markets will be delivered at the expected, time thus reducing prices of commodities in the market. Adverse impacts such as air, water and noise pollution, destruction of vegetation, disruption of economic activities might be experienced during various stages of the implementation of the provision of ESMP. These impacts will be slight and of short duration thus are manageable.

The merits of the Civil Works Alternative outweigh the No-Action Alternative and it is thus recommended.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

The two alternatives will be evaluated based on the benchmarks indicated in Table 6.1 below.

Table 6.1: Appraisal of the ‘No Action’ Alternative and Use of Civil Works Criteria No Action The Civil Work Overall Protection of This will not benefit the The maintenance and Environment and Human concerned stakeholders and rehabilitation of the road will lead Health (General protection community residents owing to improvement of life. Properties mechanisms) the observed level of damage. will be secured, lives will be Adopting this alternative will saved, resources being recovered, not benefit Project Affected transportation facilities enhanced People and the environment. and general restoration of livelihood. It will benefit the Project Affected People and the residents. Short-term Effectiveness The No-Action alternative The timeline for the civil and other does not add any specific input construction works is long term. to the stated criteria. Nevertheless, the benefits derivable are still better than a No- Action alternative.

Long-term Effectiveness This alternative does not meet Civil works will provide long-term and Permanence the long-term effectiveness effectiveness for the roads. and permanence criteria.

From Table 6.3, it can be summarised that the Civil Work alternative is better than No-Action even though the cost implication of the former would be much more than that of the latter. The Civil Work alternative will provide the solution that SEEFOR sought, whereas the No-Action alternative will further aggravate the problem currently experienced in the project area.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

CHAPTER SEVEN ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter discusses the fundamentals of the environmental and social management plan. It presents, identifies and discusses the structure for mitigation procedures taken to address the adverse impacts hitherto identified in chapter five. It outlines the institutional responsibilities and accountabilities that will ensure that all the provisions are effected under strict organization. It also describes the cost implication of implementing all the identified mitigation avenues.

7.1 MITIGATION MEASURES The mitigation measures outlines in this report are structured to curtail the observed adverse environmental and social impacts itemised in the previous chapter. The arrangement of the mitigation measures will follow the pattern of the evolvement of the SEEFOR intervention programme for the construction, rehabilitation and maintenance of the proposed project. These are presented in the subsequent subsections.

7.1.1 Pre-construction phase At the pre-construction phase, the mitigation measures are stated here to resolve the adverse effects of the project prior to the commencement of civil works. In particular, this phase covers the preliminary works that predate the construction and developmental works in the Project area. The two critical issues that may be of cogent significance at this phase are: land acquisition and community perception of the project. Each of these is discussed and presented as follows: Land acquisition: It is essential to acquire land particularly along the road alignment. In addition, this will cover the legally binding right-of-way for civil construction features such as large drains along the road lines. However, all the proposed roads have existing alignment and no additional land will be acquired for the purpose of the project.

Community perception of the project: It is a normal scenario for the host community of the project to have a divergent perception about the authenticity of the proposed SEEFOR intervention project. Inability to manage this may give the project a negative

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

impression from the community. This could be based on the perceived laidback attitude to project by officials or previous experience in the community. In order to resolve this challenge, there are relevant steps to be taken as mitigation measures to checkmate any doubt about the legitimacy and authenticity of the project. These measures are itemised in Table 7.1 below.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.1: Mitigation Measures for Pre-construction phase S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

1 LOT 1 Not Applicable LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable

LOT 4 Not Applicable

LOT 5 Not Applicable

LOT 6 Not Applicable

LOT 7 Not Applicable .

LOT 8 .

LOT 9 Not Applicable .

LOT 10 Not Applicable .

2 LOT 1 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This should be extended to . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. the pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 2 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee should be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community should be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 3 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 4 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 5 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 6 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals.

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

LOT 7 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 8 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 9 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 10 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 11 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local . information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals. LOT 12 Community perception of 1. Proper sensitization of the entire 1. This will be extended to the . Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU the project community. pre-construction and . Community Based 2. Executive members of the local road construction phases. Organisations rehabilitation site monitoring committee . Site Monitoring Committee will be contacted to act as local .

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source

information dissemination base for the project. 3. The community will be engaged using English and local language languages 4. Posters, notices and signboards will be displayed at strategic and vantage points to pass information to locals.

100

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.1.2 Construction/Rehabilitation phase Civil work is anticipated to have various environmental and social impacts on the area. Such impacts are expected to cut across different aspects of the environmental as well as social and cultural components of the project area. As required several governmental MDAs (State Ministries, Departments and Agencies) will be involved in the follow up process of the mitigation process.

101

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.2: Mitigation Measures for the Environmental Impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source 1 LOT 1 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.  Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.  Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 8 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.  Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 9 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.  Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 10 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.  Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 11 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.   Delta State SEEFOR

102

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries LOT 12 Removal of vegetative  Limit removal of vegetation to design  Monthly  Site Engineer cover to widen road width if road.   Delta State SEEFOR  Provide tree seedlings for tree planting  Relevant Delta State Ministries 2 LOT 1 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits

103

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 8 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 9 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment

104

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 10 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 11 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns. and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs  Delta State Ministry  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the of Environment airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries  comply with international standards for exhaust emission. LOT 12 Dust generation due to  Dowsing with water  Regular check for  Site Engineer construction and  Erection of speed control signals and ramps adherence to safety  Delta SEEFOR 105

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source rehabilitation activities  Use of breathing protection masks for employees concerns.  Delta State Ministry and other task-specific Personal.  Ensure that road signs of Environment  Use of dust suppression method to minimize are placed along the airborne particulate matter that may result from road corridors. the construction activities.  Ensure that speed limits  Reduce travel distances by placing constructions are strictly adhered to. campsites close to work areas.  Ensure that vehicles are  Ensure that vehicles and other equipment are in good condition so as regularly inspected and schedule maintenance if not to pollute the need be. environment  Also, ensure that vehicles and machineries  comply with international standards for exhaust emission. 4 LOT 1 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in Environment etc. accordance with the native trees. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in Environment etc. accordance with the native trees.

106

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 8 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in Environment etc. accordance with the native trees. LOT 9 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in Environment etc. accordance with the native trees. LOT 10 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in Environment etc. accordance with the native trees. LOT 11 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in  Environment etc. accordance with the native trees. LOT 12 Soil impact from  Erosion control measures such as water  Daily throughout  Site Engineer construction activities bars, gabions, straw bales, and re- the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- such as excavating, vegetation will be implemented during duration SPCU grading, leveling, and after construction phases.  Delta State Ministry of compacting, patching  Planting of forest trees will be in  Environment

107

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source etc. accordance with the native trees. 5 LOT 1 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as

108

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. LOT 8 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. LOT 9 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of.

109

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 10 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. LOT 11 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. LOT 12 Indiscriminate waste  Separation of waste  Daily throughout  Site Engineer dumping and  Composting of organic waste the construction  Delta State SEEFOR- defecation  Emptying of waste bins at approved duration SPCU

110

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source waste dump site  Delta State Ministry of  Decommissioning of toilets after project Environment  Designated sites are selected for waste management.  Measures will be taken to ensure that waste is handled in an adequate manner.  Cover dumped waste as quickly as possible.  Ensure liquid wastes are properly disposed of. 6 LOT 1 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage will be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road vehicles Block flow of hays), which can be feed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable

111

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce will be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage can be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road vehicles Block flow of hays), which can be feed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

LOT 8 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage will be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road vehicles Block flow of hays), which can be feed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. 112

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

LOT 9 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce will be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage can be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road vehicles Block flow of hays), which can be feed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

LOT 10 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce will be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage can be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road 113

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source vehicles Block flow of hays), which will be fed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).

LOT 11 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce will be adherence to safety  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns. SPCU material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road  Delta State Ministry of Contamination of  Sewage can be composted in compost signs are placed Environment water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road vehicles Block flow of hays), which can be feed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).  LOT 12 Siltation of water  Mobile toilet facilities, which will be  Regular check for  Site Engineer bodies resulting from provided for the workforce will be adherence to safety 114

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source excavation and maintained, emptied daily and disposed concerns.  Delta State SEEFOR- material deposition of at approved sites.  Ensure that road SPCU Contamination of  Sewage can be composted in compost signs are placed  Delta State Ministry of water by oil from bin (mixtures of sewage, straws and along the road Environment vehicles Block flow of hays), which will be fed to soils as corridors. river during source of manure for the community.  Ensure that speed construction of  The Contractor will ensure that proper limits are strictly culverts storage facilities are provided at adhered to. worksites. They will be leak proof and  Ensure that fitted round with bunds to prevent vehicles are in leakage into the water streams. good condition so  Development and implementation of as not to pollute proper Waste Management Plans the environment (WMPs) by the Contractor (s).  7 LOT 1 Noise Pollution from  Where possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU

115

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 8 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 9 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 10 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 11 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR- excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places LOT 12 Noise Pollution from  Where Possible ensure the construction  Daily throughout the  Site Engineer machine Culvert is limited to day time. construction  Delta State SEEFOR-

116

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source excavation, & other  Controlling exposure of workers to noisy duration SPCU maintenance works and vibrating equipment  Delta State Ministry of Concrete mixing  Regulating distance of stationary noisy Environment machines equipment from public places 8 LOT 1 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution.

117

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 8 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. LOT 9 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. LOT 10 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. LOT 11 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR-

118

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. LOT 12 Increased  Identify sensitive areas in order to During storm rainfall  The site engineer sedimentation and protect surface water and prevent non-  Delta State SEEFOR- runoff point source SPCU  Ensure that the stipulated water flow and safe environment designs are adhered to in the construction.  High flow of water during rain will be controlled using the stipulated construction guidelines pollution. 9 LOT 1 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable

119

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 7 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 8 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 9 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 10 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 11 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer

120

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures LOT 12 Risk of accidents to  Posting of traffic wardens(flagmen) to Daily throughout the  The site engineer workers and general direct traffic flow construction duration  Delta State SEEFOR- public  Mounting of road signs SPCU  Protecting actual working area with barricade  And Monitoring the implementation of all management measures 10 LOT 1 Establishment and use  Contractor will legally acquire land Base Throughout project  The site engineer of Base Camp and camp construction, sanitation, use and  Delta State SEEFOR- other Worksites maintenance will be according to SPCU specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor will Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp

121

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source construction, sanitation, use and maintenance will be according to specifications  All will contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 8 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor must Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp construction, sanitation, use and maintenance will be according to specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 9 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor must Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp construction,

122

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source sanitation, use and maintenance will be according to specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 10 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor must Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp construction, sanitation, use and maintenance will be according to specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 11 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor must Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp construction, sanitation, use and maintenance will

123

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source be according to specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. LOT 12 LOT 1 Establishment and use of Base Camp and  Contractor must Throughout project other Worksites legally acquire land Base camp construction, sanitation, use and maintenance will be according to specifications  All the contractor’s sites and facilities will be formally decommissioned to an approved condition. 11 LOT 1 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints

124

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints LOT 8 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints LOT 9 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints LOT 10 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR-

125

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints LOT 11 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints LOT 12 Unacceptable  Contractor will engage a community Throughout  The site engineer behavior of workers liaison officer construction  Delta State SEEFOR- could manner  Establish channels of communication period SPCU community worker with communities relationships and  Listen to complaints, record and track create conflict proposed solutions to problems  Respond promptly to complaints 12 LOT 1 Land use issues  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer arising from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable

126

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable

LOT 7 Land use issues  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer arising from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues. LOT 8 Land use issues  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer arising from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues. LOT 9 Land use issues  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer arising from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues. LOT 10 Land use issues  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer arising from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues. LOT 11 Land use issues arising  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues.

127

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 12 Land use issues arising  Recommendations of RAP report will be  Three months  The site engineer from displaced followed. before actual  Delta State SEEFOR- individual and  The necessary World Bank safeguard construction SPCU members of the policy will be implemented based on the community impact of such land use issues.

128

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.1.2.2 Biological Impact Impact on Flora and Fauna: The impact of the construction phase covers different aspects of the biological life, which can affect their productivity or even the existence of some scary local species. This challenge will surface during the process or vegetation clearance and other construction activities especially during the construction of campsites. Exposure of the plant surfaces to dust particularly during the transportation of materials will destroy them as such could impair the ability of the plants to produce their foods from solar energy (i.e. obstruction of the photosynthesis process).

In addition, most faunas, which may have created ecological niches for themselves, will be disturbed especially burrowing mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects. This could lead to development of secondary plants and invasive flora such as weeds coupled with proliferation of opportunist species. Probable mitigation measures could include proper measures in site identification prior to campsite selection, use of nurseries to prevent loss of local species, etc. These will be handled in cooperation with Ministry of Forest Resources and SEEFOR officials. Other measures are stated in Table 7.3.

129

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.3: Mitigation Measures for the Biological Impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT impact source 1 LOT 1 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. LOT 8 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally 130

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

avoided. LOT 9 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. LOT 10 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. LOT 11 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. LOT 12 Impact on flora and fauna 1. Identify any site of Special Scientific Interest. 1. Ensure regular environmental  The Engineer 2. Co-operate with relevant MDAs such as the assessment with interest on the  Delta State SEEFOR- Federal Department of Livestock, Privately-owned flora and fauna of the project SPCU, wildlife conservation parks, Zoos and Zoological area.  Delta State Ministry of departments of Universities, for the housing of 2. Ensure consistent checks on Environment possible animals that may be relocated. the management of waste.  Environment (FEnv) 3. Ensure that affected flora species are transferred 3. The use of chemicals that will  NESREA

131

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

and raised in available nurseries. adversely affect the localised flora and fauna will be totally avoided. 2 Impact on wild life 1. Ensuring that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of

132

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 8 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 9 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 10 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR-

133

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 11 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA LOT 12 Impact on wild life 1. Ensure that all the necessary World Bank 1. Ensure regular cleaning and  The Engineer safeguard policies on wild animals and their related clearing of the environment.  The Contractor habitats are addressed and strictly adhered to such 2. Apply localised World Bank  Delta State SEEFOR- policies include OP 4.04 and OP 4.36 on Natural safeguard policies with SPCU, Resources and Forest respectively. knowledge and contributions of  Federal SEEFOR- 2. Afforestation practices will be encouraged stakeholders. NPCU, 3. Sustainable forest management practices will be 3. Local trees will form the basis  Delta State Ministry of adopted. of afforestation plans. Environment 4. Wildlife reservation areas for birds and other 4. Wildlife areas will be created  Safeguard Officers of migratory animals will be created within their in an undisturbed zone so as to the State and the various natural niches to avoid extinction of scarce avoid forced migration of wild Federal SEEFOR- species. animals. NPCU,

134

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

 Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv),  NESREA

135

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.1.2.3 Socio-economic Impact Traffic and transportation impact: Movement of people along the main roads and other connecting roads will be heavily impacted on during the construction phase. Invariably, the nature of traffic diversion and movement of heavy-duty trucks and heavy-duty machinery will impact the threshold traffic and transportation pattern of the project area. To mitigate the socioeconomic impact of the changes in traffic and transportation, appropriate measures are stated in Table 7.4.

Accident: This is one of the unavoidable incidences that normally occur during the construction phase of any project. Movement of materials, equipment, pedestrians, goods and commodities could lead to accidents. In order to prevent frequent occurrence of accidents, specific measures will be put in place. These are listed in Table 7.4.

Employment: This is the most important component of the construction phase that will positively affect the socioeconomic life of the project areas as a result of to the diversity of service opportunities the project will yield. However, the influx or immigration of people of different professions including the local artisans and labourers will result in indirect adverse impact in the project area. This will bring indirect implications as well. The level of crime rates recorded might increase, traffic will increase, rent and property values will increase, prostitution and spread of diseases will be rampant. In order to mitigate this impact, procedures listed in Table 7.4 are recommended.

Human Displacement: Civil works, bioengineering activities and other intensive watershed management activities could adversely affect human lives leading to human displacement due to the nature of the area. In the event of this, the provisions of the OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement will be triggered, including the preparation and implementation of an independent Resettlement Action Plan (RAP.). Other mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.4.

136

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Aesthetics: This project will in no small measure affect the environmental aesthetics, especially during the construction phase. Coming mainly from the civil works, it will lead to the re-shaping of the aesthetical form of the community. Mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.4.

137

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.4: Mitigation Measures for the socioeconomic impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source 1 LOT 1 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be made public via the tapes and other local media – radio and television. In information tactics will addition, large billboards and signage. be used and devised to avert traffic logjam. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU 138

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be made public via the tapes and other local media – radio and television. In information tactics will addition, large billboards and signage. be used and devised to avert traffic logjam. LOT 8 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be made public via the tapes and other

139

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source local media – radio and television. In information tactics will addition, large billboards and signage. be used and devised to avert traffic logjam. LOT 9 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be will be made public tapes and other via the local media – radio and information tactics will television. In addition, large billboards be used and devised to and signage. avert traffic logjam. LOT 10 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road 140

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be made public via the tapes and other local media – radio and television. In information tactics will addition, large billboards and signage. be used and devised to avert traffic logjam. LOT 11 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be will be made public tapes and other via the local media – radio and information tactics will television. In addition, large billboards be used and devised to and signage. avert traffic logjam. LOT 12 Traffic and  A good traffic management plan will be  Implement the traffic . The Contractor transportation impact designed and implemented with respect management plan with . Delta State to safety rules, speed limits, use of road respect to local traffic SEEFOR-SPCU

141

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source signs and traffic warnings, guidance on management strategy. . Delta State the need to drive within speed limits as  Information on road Ministry of construction activities are on-going and speed will be placed Transportation heavy duty equipment are moving, etc. strategically along the  The local community and road users road. will also be sensitized of the need to  Information on road concur to these rules. safety will be written in  Well designated area for storages, work local language and depots, campsites, and work sites will be English for ease of clearly marked for proper identification. communication.  Information on probable road closure in  Clear road diversion some cases will be made public via the tapes and other local media – radio and television. In information tactics will addition, large billboards and signage. be used and devised to avert traffic logjam. 2 LOT 1 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of health and safety equipment – Personal 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High Procedure (SOP) will be Environment visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, summarised and placed safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress along strategy points on on the need to use them always. site for proper guidance.  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will 3. Workers will be allowed be applied during the project activities to to work smarty and not all workers. late in order to avert  On site safety officer will be engaged to accidents owing to monitor the compliance of workers to fatigue.

142

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of health and safety equipment – Personal 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High Procedure (SOP) will be Environment visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, summarised and placed safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress along strategy points on on the need to use them always. site for proper guidance.  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will 3. Workers will be allowed be applied during the project activities to to work smarty and not all workers. late in order to avert  On site safety officer will be engaged to accidents owing to monitor the compliance of workers to fatigue. safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health 143

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 8 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of health and safety equipment – Personal 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High Procedure (SOP) will be Environment visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, summarised and placed safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress along strategy points on on the need to use them always. site for proper guidance.  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will 3. Workers will be allowed be applied during the project activities to to work smarty and not all workers. late in order to avert  On site safety officer will be engaged to accidents owing to monitor the compliance of workers to fatigue. safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 9 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and 144

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source health and safety equipment – Personal Procedure (SOP) will be Environment Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High summarised and placed visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, along strategy points on safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress site for proper guidance. on the need to use them always. 3. Workers will be allowed  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will to work smarty and not be applied during the project activities to late in order to avert all workers. accidents owing to  On site safety officer will be engaged to fatigue. monitor the compliance of workers to safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 10 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of health and safety equipment – Personal 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High Procedure (SOP) will be Environment visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, summarised and placed safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress along strategy points on on the need to use them always. site for proper guidance.  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will 3. Workers will be allowed be applied during the project activities to to work smarty and not all workers. late in order to avert  On site safety officer will be engaged to accidents owing to 145

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source monitor the compliance of workers to fatigue. safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 11 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor monitored on the need to keep the first carried in clear terms . Delta State rule of civil and construction works which and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU is safety first. understand safety rules . Delta State  Ensure that workers are provided with and regulations. Ministry of health and safety equipment – Personal 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High Procedure (SOP) will be Environment visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, summarised and placed safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress along strategy points on on the need to use them always. site for proper guidance.  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will 3. Workers will be allowed be applied during the project activities to to work smarty and not all workers. late in order to avert  On site safety officer will be engaged to accidents owing to monitor the compliance of workers to fatigue. safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route LOT 12 Accidents  All workers will be sensitised and 1. Sensitization will be . The Contractor carried in clear terms . Delta State 146

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source monitored on the need to keep the first and all workers will SEEFOR-SPCU rule of civil and construction works which understand safety rules . Delta State is safety first. and regulations. Ministry of  Ensure that workers are provided with 2. The Standard Operating Transportation and health and safety equipment – Personal Procedure (SOP) will be Environment Protection Equipment (PPE) such as High summarised and placed visibility vest, safety helmets, earplugs, along strategy points on safety glasses, and safety boots and, stress site for proper guidance. on the need to use them always. 3. Workers will be allowed  Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) will to work smarty and not be applied during the project activities to late in order to avert all workers. accidents owing to  On site safety officer will be engaged to fatigue. monitor the compliance of workers to safety rules.  Working hours will be stipulated and kept to avoid stress and poor health management.  Register with hospital and provide a plan route 3 LOT 1 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of to address any situation of wrong notion the need for full cooperation Transportation and created by members of the communities. of the community will be  The campsite for workers will be located implemented to avoid Environment remotely away from the community confusion. particularly away from familiar kin who 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are 147

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of to address any situation of wrong notion the need for full cooperation Transportation and created by members of the communities. of the community will be  The campsite for workers will be located implemented to avoid Environment remotely away from the community confusion. particularly away from familiar kin who 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited

from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 8 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of 148

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source to address any situation of wrong notion the need for full cooperation Transportation and created by members of the communities. of the community will be Environment  The campsite for workers will be located implemented to avoid remotely away from the community confusion. particularly away from familiar kin who 3. Proper on site work duties and safety precautions are might not allow construction activities to taken during civil works by all progress based on project timeline. workers on site.  Contractors and Project managers will ensure that the workers are prohibited from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 9 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of to address any situation of wrong notion the need for full cooperation Transportation and created by members of the communities. of the community will be  The campsite for workers will be located implemented to avoid Environment remotely away from the community confusion. particularly away from familiar kin who 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited

from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 10 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 149

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source to address any situation of wrong notion 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of created by members of the communities. the need for full cooperation Transportation and  The campsite for workers will be located of the community will be Environment remotely away from the community implemented to avoid particularly away from familiar kin who confusion. 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 11 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of to address any situation of wrong notion the need for full cooperation Transportation and created by members of the communities. of the community will be  The campsite for workers will be located implemented to avoid Environment remotely away from the community confusion. particularly away from familiar kin who 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited

from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. LOT 12 Employment Related  Ensure that individuals from the project 1. Selection of locals as part of . The Contractor Tensions/Conflicts community are given priority to reduce in the workforce will be based on . Delta State any socioeconomic rife from local youths. merit and not any inclinations SEEFOR-SPCU  Public consultation will be implemented or any prior suggestions. . Delta State 150

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source to address any situation of wrong notion 2. Clear-cut information on Ministry of created by members of the communities. the need for full cooperation Transportation and  The campsite for workers will be located of the community will be Environment remotely away from the community implemented to avoid particularly away from familiar kin who confusion. 3. Proper on site work duties might not allow construction activities to and safety precautions are progress based on project timeline. taken during civil works by all  Contractors and Project managers will workers on site. ensure that the workers are prohibited from patronising prostitutes and the use of alcohol and drugs within the site areas. 4 LOT 1 Not Applicable   . Land use challenge s LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Not Applicable   . LOT 8 Not Applicable   . LOT 9 Land use challenges 1. The affected groups will be included in as 1. Ensure that, PAPs are  The Engineer including impacts on part of the ARAP. identified in order to  The Contractor road side traders 2. Measures will be considered to assure that implement the provisions  Delta State emanate from the affected groups are integrated into plans under the ARAP. SEEFOR- generating RoWs and for compensation. 2. ARAP provisions will be SPCU diversions during the 3. Delta state policy provisions on RAP will rigorously adhered to.  Federal rehabilitation and be implemented on the affected individuals  3. Ensure that, all SEEFOR- construction phase of or groups. 151

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source the SEEFOR Warri  4. The essential World Bank safeguard necessary action are NPCU, road project policy will be considered on the impact of communicated to  Relevant Delta such land use issues. stakeholders in both State and English with preferably Federal local dialect (language) Ministries, to enhance perceptive of  Safeguards the decisions. Officers of the Federal and Delta State SEEFOR- SPCU LOT 10 Not Applicable   . LOT 11 Land use challenges 1. The affected groups will be included in as 1. Ensure that, PAPs are  The Engineer including impacts on part of the ARAP. identified in order to  The Contractor road side traders 2. Measures will be considered to assure that implement the provisions  Delta State emanate from the affected groups are integrated into plans under the ARAP. SEEFOR- generating RoWs and for compensation. 2. ARAP provisions will be SPCU diversions during the 3. Delta state policy provisions on RAP will rigorously adhered to.  Federal rehabilitation and be implemented on the affected individuals  3. Ensure that, all SEEFOR- construction phase of or groups. necessary action are NPCU, the SEEFOR Warri  4. The essential World Bank safeguard communicated to  Relevant Delta road project policy will be considered on the impact of stakeholders in both State and such land use issues. English with preferably Federal local dialect (language) Ministries, to enhance perceptive of . Safeguards the decisions. Officers of the Federal and Delta State SEEFOR- SPCU

152

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 12 Not Applicable   . 5 LOT 1 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU the need to keep local aesthetics. will be prioritised. . Delta State  Further, an engineering expert in the field  Flora and fauna will be Ministries of Land, of aesthetics will be employed as part of integrated with the Physical Planning the team to ensure that environmentally environmental aesthetics and Urban friendly approach is adopted. to have a synchronized Development. provision for the environment. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU the need to keep local aesthetics. will be prioritised. . Delta State  Further, an engineering expert in the field  Flora and fauna will be Ministries of Land, of aesthetics will be employed as part of integrated with the Physical Planning the team to ensure that environmentally environmental aesthetics and Urban friendly approach is adopted. to have a synchronized Development. provision for the environment. LOT 8 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU

153

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source the need to keep local aesthetics. will be prioritised. . Delta State  Further, an engineering expert in the field  Flora and fauna will be Ministries of Land, of aesthetics will be employed as part of integrated with the Physical Planning the team to ensure that environmentally environmental aesthetics and Urban friendly approach is adopted. to have a synchronized Development. provision for the environment. LOT 9 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU the need to keep local aesthetics. will be prioritised. . Delta State  Further, an engineering expert in the field  Flora and fauna will be Ministries of Land, of aesthetics will be employed as part of integrated with the Physical Planning the team to ensure that environmentally environmental aesthetics and Urban friendly approach is adopted. to have a synchronized Development. provision for the environment. LOT 10 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU the need to keep local aesthetics. will be prioritised. . Delta State  Further, an engineering expert in the field  Flora and fauna will be Ministries of Land, of aesthetics will be employed as part of integrated with the Physical Planning the team to ensure that environmentally environmental aesthetics and Urban friendly approach is adopted. to have a synchronized Development. provision for the environment. LOT 11 Aesthetics  Proper use of engineering practice will be  The use of best . The Engineer adopted with the best available technology with . Delta State construction technology which recognises environmental safety SEEFOR-SPCU

154

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

155

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.1.2.4 Public Health HIV/AIDS and STDs: It is not inconceivable that the proposed activities could lead to the proliferation of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDs. This is because, the influx of people particularly workers from other areas could also stimulate the propensity to record such health challenges. Thus, social vices, which affect the health status of the community, could increase within the construction phase of the project. To address this, mitigation measures have been itemised and are stated in Table 7.5.

Water-Borne Diseases: These could arise from poor environmental sanitation and poor hygiene and health consciousness of the workers. Diseases such as cholera, dysentery, amoebiasis, salmonellosis, etc. could develop as a result of overstretching existing facilities. The mitigation procedures to curtail or control the challenges concerning the health challenges are identified in Table 7.5.

Malaria: Pools of stagnant water in an area of high water footprint could stimulate the required breeding ground for mosquitoes which transmit malaria. During construction activities, these pools could be created and eventually malaria disease could develop in the area. To curb the escalation and proper treatment of reported malaria cases, the measures to be taken are stated in Table 7.5.

156

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.5: Mitigation Measures for the public health impacts in the Construction/Rehabilitation phase S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source 1 LOT 1 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees will be Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the conducted periodically to employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and ascertain their medical STD awareness programme in each of the fitness for the job. project areas.  Provide assistance to  Medical examinations will be performed workers infected will be on new employee and repeated regularly instantaneous as soon as throughout the term of employment. it is detected.  The contractor will have operating  5. Counsel timely and procedures that control unsafe behaviours periodic for all members amongst personnel of workforce.  Initiate assistance for those already infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable

157

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 7 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Public health . The Engineer  Provide of HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions will SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At be conducted. . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already  Medical examinations Ministries of infected people for employees will be Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the conducted periodically to employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and ascertain medical fitness STD awareness programme in each of the for the job. project areas.  Assistance for workers  Medical examinations will be performed infected will be on new employee and repeated regularly instantaneous as soon as throughout the term of employment. it is detected.  The contractor will have operating  5. Counselling will be procedures that control unsafe behaviours timely and periodic for amongst personnel all members of  Initiate assistance for those already workforce. infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. LOT 8 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees periodically Health

158

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Efforts will be made to enlighten the to ascertain their medical employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and fitness for the job. STD awareness programme in each of the  Provide assistance to project areas. workers infected as soon  Perform medical examinations will be as it is detected. performed on new employee and repeated  Conduct timely and regularly throughout the term of periodic counseling for employment. all members of  The contractor will have operating workforce. procedures that control unsafe behaviours amongst personnel  Initiate assistance for those already infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. LOT 9 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees periodically Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the to ascertain their medical employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and fitness for the job. STD awareness programme in each of the  Provide assistance to project areas. workers infected as soon  Medical examinations will be performed as it is detected.

159

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source on new employee and repeated regularly  Conduct timely and throughout the term of employment. periodic counseling for  The contractor will have operating all members of procedures that control unsafe behaviours workforce. amongst personnel  Initiate assistance for those already infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. LOT 10 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liaise with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees periodically Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the to ascertain their medical employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and fitness for the job. STD awareness programme in each of the  Provide assistance to project areas. workers infected as soon  Perform medical examinations on new as it is detected. employee and repeated regularly  Conduct timely and throughout the term of employment. periodic counseling for  The contractor will have operating all members of procedures that control unsafe behaviours workforce. amongst personnel  Initiate assistance for those already

160

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training for them.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. LOT 11 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees periodically Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the to ascertain their medical employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and fitness for the job. STD awareness programme in each of the  Provide assistance to project areas. workers infected as soon  Medical examinations will be performed as it is detected. on new employee and repeated regularly  Conduct timely and throughout the term of employment. periodic counseling for  The contractor will have operating all members of procedures that control unsafe behaviours workforce. amongst personnel  Initiate assistance for those already infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors.

161

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source LOT 12 HIV/AIDS and STDs  Liase with health focused NGOs  Conduct public health . The Engineer  Provide HIV Voluntary Confidential enlightenment and . Delta State Counseling and Testing as well as counseling sessions. SEEFOR-SPCU appropriate referral linkage for Most At  Conduct medical . Delta State Risk Populations (MARPS) and already examinations for Ministries of infected people employees periodically Health  Efforts will be made to enlighten the to ascertain their medical employees on Ebola, HIV/AIDS and fitness for the job. STD awareness programme in each of the  Provide assistance to project areas. workers infected as soon  Perform medical examinations on new as it is detected. employee and repeated regularly  Conduct timely and throughout the term of employment. periodic counseling for  The contractor will have operating all members of procedures that control unsafe behaviours workforce. amongst personnel  Initiate assistance for those already infected or at risk, and conduct community awareness training for them.  Support local Blood Transfusion Service in any health facility located within the project area, to enable them commence HIV screening for all donors. 2 LOT 1 Waste Generation  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area along SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, the project axis and . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at beyond Ministries of government approved sites for such  Keep the environment Health wastes. Specifically, there will be 162

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source provision of appropriate human waste clean and safe. disposal facilities for the rehabilitation  Make safety of the workers. environment will be the  Provide good sanitation including proper priority of all including waste disposal at its operation and the members of the residential accommodations. workforce.  Participate in environmental sanitation  Ensure that wastes are initiatives in communities where its dumped at designated workers are domiciled. sites.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 2 LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, along a river. . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at  The environment will be Ministries of government approved sites for such kept clean and safe. Health wastes. Specifically, there will be  Safety of the provision of appropriate human waste environment will be the disposal facilities for the rehabilitation priority of all including workers. 163

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Provide good sanitation including proper the members of the waste disposal at its operation and workforce. residential accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 8 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or river SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, channels. . Delta State evacuated and disposed of at government  Ensure the environment Ministries of approved sites for such wastes. is clean and safe. Health Specifically, there will be provision of  Ensure safety of the appropriate human waste disposal environment is the facilities for the rehabilitation workers. priority of all including  Good sanitation including proper waste the members of the disposal at its operation and residential workforce. accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project. 164

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Involvement of NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 9 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or river SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, channels. . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at  Ensure the environment Ministries of government approved sites for such is kept clean and safe. Health wastes. Specifically, provide appropriate  Make safety of the human waste disposal facilities for the environment will be the rehabilitation workers. priority of all including  Ensure good sanitation including proper the members of the waste disposal at its operation and workforce. residential accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 10 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or river SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, channels. . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at  Ensure the environment Ministries of government approved sites for such is kept clean and safe. Health 165

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source wastes. Specifically, provide appropriate  Make safety of the human waste disposal facilities for the environment the priority rehabilitation workers. of all including the  Ensure good sanitation including proper members of the waste disposal at its operation and workforce. residential accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 11 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or river SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, channels. . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at  Ensure the environment Ministries of government approved sites for such is kept clean and safe. Health wastes. Specifically, provide appropriate  Make safety of the human waste disposal facilities for the environment will be the rehabilitation workers. priority of all including  Ensure good sanitation including proper the members of the waste disposal at its operation and workforce. residential accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.

166

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. LOT 12 Water-borne diseases  Waste generated at project sites and  Ensure that wastes are . The Engineer camps are the responsibility of the not dumped in any . Delta State contactor. Wastes generated will be waterlogged area or river SEEFOR-SPCU separated, kept in bins with lids, channels. . Delta State evacuated and disposed off at  Ensure the environment Ministries of government approved sites for such is kept clean and safe. Health wastes. Specifically, provide appropriate  Make safety of the human waste disposal facilities for the environment the priority rehabilitation workers. of all including the  Ensure good sanitation including proper members of the waste disposal at its operation and workforce. residential accommodations.  Ensure that wastes are  Participate in environmental sanitation dumped at designated initiatives in communities where its sites. workers are domiciled.  Avoid any deterioration in public health and environmental sanitation as a result of the project.  Involve NGOs and civil societies in waste management and healthcare activities. 3 LOT 1 Malaria  Avoid poor environmental sanitation  Ensure that the . The Engineer habits by members of the contractor’s environment is clean and . Delta State workforce. safe. This will be the SEEFOR-SPCU 167

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source  Proper reservoir operation, engage in priority of all including . Delta State disease surveillance and insecticide the members of the Ministries of sprays to prevent the spread of the workforce. Health disease vector; conduct routine medical  Ensure regular sanitation check-ups and development of medical and cleaning of the facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities as dumped at designated much as possible. This should include sites. Mosquito control programmes such as  Discourage from usage the distribution of insecticide treated nets of dirty water for to affected community members. personal use. Clean  Maintenance of good drainage at water must be used for construction areas to avoid creation of all construction stagnant water bodies. operations.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 2 Not Applicable LOT 3 Not Applicable LOT 4 Not Applicable LOT 5 Not Applicable LOT 6 Not Applicable LOT 7 Malaria  Poor environmental sanitation habits by  Ensure that the . The Engineer members of the contractor’s workforce. environment is clean and . Delta State  Ensure proper reservoir operation, engage safe. This will be the SEEFOR-SPCU in disease surveillance and insecticide priority of all including . Delta State sprays to prevent the spread of the the members of the Ministries of disease vector; conduct routine medical workforce. Health check-ups and development of medical  Ensure regular sanitation 168

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source facilities. and cleaning of the  Support government programmes to workplaces where water improve existing medical and health is being used. services in the local communities  Ensure that wastes are supported as much as possible. This dumped at designated should include Mosquito control sites. programmes such as the distribution of  Discourage from usage insecticide treated nets to affected of dirty water for community members. personal use. Clean  Maintenance of good drainage at water must be used for construction areas to avoid creation of all construction stagnant water bodies. operations.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 8 Malaria  Discourage poor environmental  Ensure that the . The Engineer sanitation habits by members of the environment is clean and . Delta State contractor’s workforce. safe. This will be the SEEFOR-SPCU  Provide proper reservoir operation, priority of all including . Delta State engage in disease surveillance and the members of the Ministries of insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of workforce. Health the disease vector; conduct routine  Ensure regular sanitation medical check-ups and development of and cleaning of the medical facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities dumped at designated supported as much as possible. This sites. should include Mosquito control  Discourage from usage programmes such as the distribution of of dirty water for insecticide treated nets to affected personal use. Clean

169

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source community members. water must be used for  Maintenance of good drainage at all construction construction areas to avoid creation of operations. stagnant water bodies.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 9 Malaria  Discourage poor environmental  Ensure that the . The Engineer sanitation habits by members of the environment is clean and . Delta State contractor’s workforce. safe. This will be the SEEFOR-SPCU  Provide proper reservoir operation, priority of all including . Delta State engage in disease surveillance and the members of the Ministries of insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of workforce. Health the disease vector; conduct routine  Ensure regular sanitation medical check-ups and development of and cleaning of the medical facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities dumped at designated supported as much as possible. This sites. should include Mosquito control  Discourage from usage programmes such as the distribution of of dirty water for insecticide treated nets to affected personal use. Clean community members. water must be used for  Maintenance of good drainage at all construction construction areas to avoid creation of operations. stagnant water bodies.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 10 Malaria  Discourage poor environmental  Ensure that the . The Engineer sanitation habits by members of the environment is clean and . Delta State contractor’s workforce. safe. This will be the SEEFOR-SPCU  Provide proper reservoir operation, priority of all including . Delta State 170

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source engage in disease surveillance and the members of the Ministries of insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of workforce. Health the disease vector; conduct routine  Ensure regular sanitation medical check-ups and development of and cleaning of the medical facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities dumped at designated supported as much as possible. This sites. should include Mosquito control  Discourage from usage programmes such as the distribution of of dirty water for insecticide treated nets to affected personal use. Clean community members. water must be used for  Maintenance of good drainage at all construction construction areas to avoid creation of operations. stagnant water bodies.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 11 Malaria  Discourage poor environmental  Ensure that the . LOT 9 sanitation habits by members of the environment is clean and contractor’s workforce. safe. This will be the  Provide proper reservoir operation, priority of all including engage in disease surveillance and the members of the insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of workforce. the disease vector; conduct routine  Ensure regular sanitation medical check-ups and development of and cleaning of the medical facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities dumped at designated supported as much as possible. This sites.

171

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility LOT social impact source should include Mosquito control  Discourage from usage programmes such as the distribution of of dirty water for insecticide treated nets to affected personal use. Clean community members. water must be used for  Maintenance of good drainage at all construction construction areas to avoid creation of operations. stagnant water bodies.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe. LOT 12 Malaria  Discourage poor environmental  Ensure that the . LOT 10 sanitation habits by members of the environment is clean and contractor’s workforce. safe. This will be the  Provide proper reservoir operation, priority of all including engage in disease surveillance and the members of the insecticide sprays to prevent the spread of workforce. the disease vector; conduct routine  Ensure regular sanitation medical check-ups and development of and cleaning of the medical facilities. workplaces where water  Support government programmes to is being used. improve existing medical and health  Ensure that wastes are services in the local communities dumped at designated supported as much as possible. This sites. should include Mosquito control  Discourage from usage programmes such as the distribution of of dirty water for insecticide treated nets to affected personal use. Clean community members. water must be used for  Maintenance of good drainage at all construction construction areas to avoid creation of operations. stagnant water bodies.  Keep workers’ residence clean and safe.

172

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

7.1.3 Operation and Maintenance Phase At the operation and maintenance phase, air quality issues, noise and vibration, water quality issues, traffic and transportation, health and safety issues will emerge. For each of these there are specific mitigation measures which are designed to separately curb the identified adverse impacts.

Maintenance operations: The surface topography may be affected during maintenance, coupled with earth-shaping activities and equipment on site. With the nature of the soil of the project area, such alteration is inevitable. The recommended mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.6.

Air quality: Intensified vehicular traffic owing to the improved nature of the environment and the concomitant ease of movement in the area irrespective of the season of the year will stimulate air quality issues. The mitigation measures are stated in Table 7.6.

Noise and vibration: Increased vehicular traffic and road transportation in the area could raise the ambient noise and vibration in the area. To curb this effect, the some measures are recommended in Table 7.6.

Water quality issues: Runoff from roadsides, solid waste and sewage of communities can be dumped along the drainages designed during the construction. The proximity of the project area to the nearby stream makes it imperative to have a consistent water quality measures such as pH levels, turbidity, water colour and other physical measures are conducted at specific periods of the year. Measures of mitigation are stated in Table 7.6.

Traffic and transportation: Traffic and transportation activities are seen as having cumulative effect on road users. The potential increase in the influx of people to and fro the area also contributes to ambient noise and vibration. In the same medium, traffic logjams are not unexpected particularly at critical road junctions. The mitigating measures are stated in Table 7.6.

173

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Health and safety: Safety issues are critical at the maintenance stage of the project. Workers and maintenance contractor will require the services of a health and safety officer to ensure that the safety measures implemented during the construction phase are extended to the maintenance phase. This is to ensure continuity of already designed safety measures and to take care of possible ailing workforce or staff members on site. Other measures are stated in Table 7.6 below.

174

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

Table 7.6: Mitigation Measures for Maintenance/Operational Phase S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility impact source 1 LOT 1 General maintenance 1. Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including residents and others members of the communities maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and such as waste dumps on the roads and drainage environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors channels. 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps 2. Maintenance operations will be structured in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be according to environmental safety guidelines of consistent and orderly. the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 2 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management.

175

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

S/N Implied Environmental and social Mitigation measures Monitoring Responsibility impact source LOT 3 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 4 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management.

176

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

LOT 5 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 6 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 7 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be 177

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 8 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 9 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the

178

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 10 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 11 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan

179

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

5. Decommission plan and waste management. LOT 12 General maintenance Outlaw indiscriminate activities of the residents 1. Ensure the community Delta State Ministry of operations (including and others members of the communities such as maintain a safe and clean Environment, Forestry, borrow pits and waste dumps on the roads and drainage channels. environment. Transport, Works and Workers/Contractors 2. Maintenance operations will be structured 2. Ensure that wastes are dumped Infrastructure Camps according to environmental safety guidelines of in designated waste dumps. 3. Environmental checks will be the Delta State Environmental Protection Agency consistent and orderly. and Federal Ministry of Environment. 3. Regular checks will be conducted by constituted authorities to ascertain the environmental quality during maintenance operations. 4. Laterite and granites will be sourced from government approved sites. There will be clear decommissioning plan 5. Decommission plan and waste management. 2 LOT 1 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. LOT 2 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 3 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Ensure periodic checks on ambient environmental safety concerns. Environment

180

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

quality particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 4 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 5 Air quality . Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 6 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 7 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry

181

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters LOT 8 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. LOT 9 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. LOT 10 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. LOT 11 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors.

182

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. LOT 12 Air quality 1. Use of water sprinklers 1. Regular check for adherence to Delta State Ministry of 2. Periodic checks on ambient environmental quality safety concerns. Environment particularly air 2. Ensure that all areas have trees Delta State Ministry of 3. Vehicles without road worthiness will not be planted along the road corridors. Forestry permitted to use the road in such. 3. Ensure that road signs are 4. Traffic control measures will be put in place to curb placed along the road corridors. road-based air pollutant effects 4. Ensure that speed limits are 5. Regular checks on the nature of the road will be strictly adhere to. conducted with respect to air quality parameters. 3 LOT 1 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 2 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of should be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials should vet Transport the environmental noise impacts Works and Infrastructure of the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment should be minimized LOT 3 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 4 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines

183

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized

184

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

LOT 5 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 6 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of should be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials should vet Transport the environmental noise impacts Works and Infrastructure of the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment should be minimized LOT 7 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 8 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 9 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 10 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport

185

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 11 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized LOT 12 Noise and vibration 1. Construction/civil works in built up area will 1. Limit the usage of heavy-duty Delta State Ministry of be limited to day machines to essential works Environment, Forestry, 2. Equipment must be in serviceable states. 2. Ministry officials will vet the Transport environmental noise impacts of Works and Infrastructure the machines 3. On-site movement heavy equipment will be minimized 4 LOT 1 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channeled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 2 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channeled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 3 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channeled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of

186

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 4 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 5 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 6 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste should be dumped indiscriminately safe and clean environment along the rehabilitated alignment. should be taken paramount; 3. Road users should be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 7 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 8 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment

187

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 9 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 10 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste should be dumped indiscriminately safe and clean environment along the rehabilitated alignment. should be taken paramount; 3. Road users should be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 11 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste will be dumped indiscriminately along safe and clean environment will the rehabilitated alignment. be taken paramount; 3. Road users will be made to observe the mitigation measures. LOT 12 Water quality issues 1. Ensure that waste dumps are not situated proximate 1. Ensure that proper waste Delta State Ministry of to the project area to avoid water pollution cases. management practices are adhere Environment 2. Wastewater and sewage will be channelled to; Forestry appropriately according to safety guidelines. 2. Adherence to the principles of 3. Solid waste should be dumped indiscriminately safe and clean environment along the rehabilitated alignment. should be taken paramount; 3. Road users should be made to observe the mitigation measures.

188

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

5 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 2 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 3 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication.

189

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 4 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 5 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 6 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. 190

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 7 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 8 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 9 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of

191

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe along the road. 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 10 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 11 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at

192

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users. LOT 12 Traffic and transportation 1. Ensure free flow of traffic through diversion of 1. Implement the traffic Delta State Ministry of traffic, signage and adequate protection management plan with respect to Transport maintenance workers while discharging their local traffic management strategy. Works and Infrastructure duties 2. Information on road speed 2. Ensure that provided road infrastructures and should be placed strategically along the road. the rehabilitated sections is kept free and safe 3. Information on road safety from accidents such as speed limit regulations, should be written in local street lighting systems, road marks, etc. are language and English for ease of provided. communication. 3. Road furniture should be provided at designated bus stops and terminals along the selected roads mostly as it will ensure road safety for pedestrians and other road users.

193

State Employment and Expenditure for Results (SEEFOR)

6 LOT 1 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 2 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue.

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LOT 3 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 4 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 5 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information 195

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wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 6 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 7 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be 196

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during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 8 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 9 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order 197

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to avert accidents owing to fatigue. LOT 10 Health and safety 1. Maintenance workers are expected to imbibe the 1. Sensitization should be carried Delta State Ministry of workplace safety rules via proper sensitisation in clear terms and all workers Environment Transport procedures. should understand safety rules Works and Infrastructure 2. Ensure that workers utilise safety tools such as and regulations. safety boots, safety helmets, and other essential safety 2. Signs and safety information wears on-site. should be written in local 3. Ensure that first aid tools for minor injuries are language and English for ease of treated prior to being forwarded to a medical centre comprehension. for proper treatment. 3. The Standard Operating 4. Ensure that workers are in the best state of health Procedure (SOP) should be during work hours any reported case(s) of ill health summarised and placed along should be referred to a nearby medical centre. strategy points on site for proper 5. Ensure that a Health, Safety and Environment guidance. (HSE) officer is available prior to and during 4. Workers should be allowed to maintenance works. work smarty and not late in order to avert accidents owing to fatigue. 7 LOT 1 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 2 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 3 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 4 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 5 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 6 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 7 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of

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site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 8 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 9 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure LOT 10 Sand Mining at Excavation Ensure Mining is done at Government approved site 1 Before construction and at the Delta State Ministry of site Proper decommissioning should be ensured end of construction before final Environment Transport clearance is given to contractor Works and Infrastructure

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7.2 INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES AND ACCOUNTABILITIES Well-defined roles and responsibilities and adequate institutional arrangements are central to the effective implementation of the environmental and social safeguard measures outlined in the current ESMP. Accordingly, details of institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the current ESMP are discussed below.

7.2.1 Pre-construction Phase 7.2.1.1 Key Agencies The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP during the pre-construction phase are:  Delta State SEEFOR-PMU As the proponent of this project, the SPMU/Safeguard officers have the responsibility of ensuring that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with. They also have the responsibility of ensuring that the ESMP is fully implemented. Supervision of the contractors, supervisors and site engineer, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP etc.  Federal SEEFOR-NPMU,  Delta State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (Works and Infrastructure, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry)  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) - Supervision and compliance enforcement.  World Bank: Provision of oversight, capacity building of the proponent as needed.  Contractor/Supervisors/Site Engineers: Ensuring that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with on site. Develop and implement contractors ESMP, ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate signages are in place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected, transported and disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc.

7.2.1.2 Role of the Agencies Involved The main responsibility for the implementation of the ESMP lies with the contractor. However, the monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the ESMP lies with the contractor in close coordination with SEEFOR PMU . At the preparatory stage

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ground works and preparatory meetings and consultations are being conducted with Road rehabilitation Site Monitoring Committee, Community Based Organisations (CBOs), as well as members of the concerned communities in the project area. The contractor will liaise with the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU on the issues raised in order to find a balance in responding to the issues to meet international safeguard polices of the World Bank. These issues will be communicated to Delta State Ministries with their respective departments and agencies (MDAs) for prompt action on issues raised. In the event of displacement of people due to the acquisition of landed properties, the provisions of the RAP will be implemented. It is assumed that RAP consultant would have consulted widely prior to the submission of the final report to Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU.

The implementation of the issues raised will be managed based on the Federal SEEFOR-NPCU in conjunction with the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. The World Bank will provide oversight and guidance as needed.

7.2.1.3 Reporting and Follow-Up The Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee, through its secretary should forward the details of the several meetings held to the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. This is to foster a feedback as well as reporting and follow-up mechanisms for the issues raised and the respective means of their implementations. The issues raised will be forwarded with the contributions of the Delta State SEEFOR who would have reviewed the comments within the scope of the project and their suitability to World Bank requirements. The Contractor will ensure that the observed comments and notes are implemented strictly as agreed and the feedback relayed to the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU.

This process continues through a continuous chain of reporting-feedback, follow-up and response mechanism until the pre-construction phase of the project is completed.

7.2.2 Construction Phase 7.2.2.1 Key Agencies The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP during construction works are:

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 Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU: As the proponent of this project, the SPMU/Safeguard officers has the responsibility for ensuring that the World Bank Safeguards Policies and relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with. Ensure that the ESMP is fully implemented. Supervision of the contributors, supervisors and site engineers, training of contractors and workers, monitoring of the implementation of the ESMP etc.  Federal SEEFOR-NPCU,  Delta State Ministries, Departments and Agencies (Works and Infrastructure, Environment, Agriculture, and Forestry)  Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv), and National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) – Supervision and compliance enforcement.  World Bank: Provision of oversight, guidance and capacity building of the proponent as needed.  Contractors/Supervisors/Site Engineers: Ensuring that World Bank Safeguards Policies and other relevant laws in Nigeria are complied with on site. Development and implement contractors ESMP, ensure that workers consistently use PPE, adequate signage’s are in place, traffic is managed, waste generated by the project are collected, transported and disposed off at government approved sites for such wastes etc.

In addition to the key agencies, the Delta State Government through the MDAs will also have a role in general oversight of ESMP implementation.

7.2.2.2 Role of Agencies Involved The main responsibility for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the ESMP lies with the Engineer. Therefore, the Engineer, through its Environmental and Social Specialist (ESS) will be responsible for regular supervision and reporting on ESMP implementation. The Engineer’s ESS will have access to a team of experts in different fields (water, soil, social consultant etc) in order to ensure sufficient capacity to oversee implementation of ESMP.

The implementation of the ESMP will be managed by the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU through the Environment Officers and (EO) that will be primarily responsible for daily inspection and monitoring of ESMP implementation.

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The Delta State Ministries of Works and Infrastructure, Environment and Agriculture will monitor ESMP implementation on the fundamentals of the internal mechanisms and policies as established by laws guiding their operations. These institutions may conduct announced and unannounced site visits with representatives of Federal SEEFOR-NPCU. The reports of the findings should be forwarded to the World Bank. The Federal Ministry of Environment (FEnv) and NESREA should also send Environmental Officers and officials monitoring ESMP projects under the Federal SEEFOR approved projects to observe the level of implementation of the provisions of the ESMP.

At the local level, the Delta State Ministries of Environment can also pay visits to the project site to observe and monitor the level of compliance to the provisions of the ESMP.

7.2.2.3 Reporting and Follow-Up The follow-up process is duty-based. First, the Environmental and Social Specialists (ESS) will prepare and document monthly and incident reports that will be submitted to the Delta State SEEFOR project coordinator for comments, observations, and recommendations. Then, the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU will send feedback to the Engineer through the consultant(s) or directly when urgent action is required. In essence, checking and reporting on the implementation of follow-up action will also be part of the duties of the ESS.

The contractor in conjunction with the Site Engineer will prepare and submit monthly reports of the implementation of the ESMP to the Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU. The ESS officers who will advise the project management unit accordingly will vet this report. In the instance of any discrepancy on environmental issues, the project coordinator will convene Project Environmental Management (PEM) meeting to discuss and instruct on the way forward. The Engineer and the Contractor will participate in the meetings. Wherever possible, representatives of World Bank and Federal SEEFOR-NPCU will also be invited to such meetings.

7.2.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase It must be stated that the mitigation and monitoring activities will not be the sole responsibility of Delta State SEEFOR or Federal SEEFOR during the operational

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phase. The Delta State SEEFOR in conjunction with the Federal NEMWAP as the managing entity of the rehabilitated Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance site has the responsibility to consider these measures. They also have the responsibility of bringing these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate. 7.2.3.1 Key Agencies During the operational phase, the key institutions to which Delta State SEEFOR will enter into collaborative relations are Delta State Ministries which include: . Environment; . Transport; . Works and Infrastructure; and . Police.

Likewise the construction phase the Local government administrative council during the operational phase will play a role in the general oversight of ESMP implementation and in ESMP update.

7.2.3.2 Role of Agencies Involved The responsibilities of the institutions playing a role in the process of the operation of the rehabilitated Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance monitoring are stated as follows.  The Monitoring and Supervision Unit of the Delta State Ministry of Environment will conduct regular visits to the site to examine and verify how the road rehabilitation site is operated and maintained. Several components such as water, soil, flora and fauna of the environment, waste management, noise and vibration, air and water quality and others will be monitored. This will be conducted within the legal and administrative capacity of the Ministry of Environment through their respective departments, and agencies.  The Forestry department of the Delta State Ministry of Environment, if applicable, will conduct regular inspections to check the compliance of the site operators with afforestation plans which should be in concordance with international standards.  The Ministry of Transport will check the nature of vehicular traffic and road transportation pattern in the area with respect to transportation safety and vehicular

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controls. This will be conducted with respect to safety of road users and the residents of the community.  The Ministry of Works and Infrastructure will conduct regular checks on the nature of infrastructure provided within the duration of the project and the period of assessment. The approach will be conducted in such a way as to provide a mechanism for prompt response and rehabilitation of any of the provided infrastructure within the road alignment.  The Police should ensure that crime and criminal activities are reduced to the barest minimum in order to avoid wrong attachment of such events to the proposed SEEFOR project.

7.2.3.4 Institutional and implementation arrangements for implementing the ESMP at the local level At the local level, SEEFOR ESMF vested the overall implementation of the ESMP on the Site Monitoring Committee. The committee, as mentioned earlier, represents the interest of the community in the entire process of the proposed intervention. The Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee has already been constituted by Delta State SEEFOR and the committee forms a critical mass of source of information and community liaison during the field activity for the preparation of this ESMP. The committee has several sub-committees including women wing and environmental sub-committees.

However, considering the diverse background of the committee members and the need to for adequate knowledge on the environmental procedure of the proposed project, the committee and sub-committee members’ need further capacity building on environmental and social issues on implementation of the ESMP at all stages of project implementation. Consequently, capacity strengthening and sensitization of the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee and the Environmental sub-committee members are critical to successful implementation of this ESMP. The content of the training should include but not limited to (i) Role of community during construction and post contraction (ii) Sustainable practice to ensure the SEEFOR project stabilization (iii) Implementation of the ESMP at the local level. The details of training programme are shown in section 6.3.16.

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7.3 ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL MONITORING PLAN MEASURES The subsequent sections of this chapter provide a framework for the content of the ESMPs envisioned for the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance site. As the project progresses through the several rehabilitation civil and related construction works, these EMSP provisions will be expanded to include specific procedures to guide implementation by Delta State SEEFOR-SPCU personnel and contractors, and to provide for periodic update as the need arises.

7.3.1 Flora and Fauna Management Plan The primary purpose of the Flora and Fauna Management Plan is to protect the biodiversity of the area from any unintended damage due to the rehabilitation construction and operation. It is also set up to protect the Project personnel from dangers associated with the native flora and fauna. This plan will include the following provisions as well as others that may be identified as it is further developed:  Delta State SEEFOR will help to maintain the integrity and quality of biodiversity in the project area;  The proposed SEEFOR project in Warri is to occur over a period of eight years. Delta State SEEFOR should plan its development projects in advance to minimize the impact on the fauna, help identify and control impacts such as flood zones and to result in a lower amount of biomass to manage;  Delta State SEEFOR shall monitor the general condition of the aquatic habitat downstream to ensure that its water withdrawals are not creating significant stresses to that habitat. When this is guaranteed, it shall develop plans to install wells to replace enough of the surface water usage to mitigate the significant impacts;  Animals shall not be handled, removed, killed or unnecessarily disturbed by the SEEFOR/World Bank officials or its employees, or by SEEFOR/World Bank’s contractors’ or their subcontractors’ employees;  Delta State SEEFOR will not tolerate poaching of fauna or flora by its personnel or by any of its contractors or subcontractors;  Delta State SEEFOR will ensure, through a High Conservation Value study, that all High Conservation Value Forest sites are properly marked and left untouched;  Delta State SEEFOR shall ensure that the site is kept clean, tidy and free of garbage that would attract animals;

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 Delta State SEEFOR will assist in protecting the swampy section from liquid effluent generated in the rice processing centre;  Land clearing operations are expected to drive wildlife away from the clearing operations for the various Delta State SEEFOR activities. However, if any species, classified as VU by the Ministry of Environment moves to the project areas is trapped or hurt during land clearing operations, the Wildlife Division under the Ministry will be notified to determine whether translocation or other actions are required to save the individual. Delta State SEEFOR will appropriate allocate funds for such contingency;  In order to decrease the demand for local bush meat, Delta State SEEFOR should take the following measures: o decrease hunting pressure by ensuring that adequate supplies of meat, other than local bush meat, as well as other protein sources are available in stores and markets within the study area; o educate its employees on the adverse impacts of hunting and consuming bush meat; o to the degree possible, prohibit and enforce prohibitions on hunting inside the project area; o sponsor education programmes in local villages about the adverse impacts of hunting and consuming bush meat; and o sponsor programmes to transition hunters to other, sustainable livelihood activities.  In order to reduce the risk of invasive species, the monitoring programme for the interventions should track what types of invasive species occur, where they occur, how they were most likely introduced to the area, how they were eradicated, and the success of the various eradicative measures. If any of the Delta State SEEFOR officials or contractor identifies a continuing problem with invasive species, it should determine the root cause of that problem and investigate additional measures to address it;  Delta State SEEFOR will work with conservation groups and other stakeholders around the Project Area to help prevent poaching. Initiatives may include hiring guards, posting signs among others.

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7.3.2 Waste Management Plan The primary purpose of the Waste Management Plan is to ensure that wastes (solid/liquid) are minimized and any waste generated are properly managed and disposed to avoid damage to the environment. This process can be expressed as follows:  Minimize waste production as much as possible;  If waste is produced, recycle that waste as much as possible;  If recycling is not possible, the waste should be treated, neutralized, or transformed into inert materials; and  If this is still not possible, the waste must be disposed in a way not harmful to the environment or to human beings.

The following summarizes important elements of a Waste Management Plan:  The plan must establish the responsibility for waste management and appoint an overall Waste Management Supervisor who must be fully trained in the implementation of Waste Management Plan;  The Delta State SEEFOR must develop a list of all wastes generated at the different facilities with estimated quantities of each on a monthly basis or other time interval, particularly those wastes which are hazardous;  The Delta State SEEFOR must provide well labeled storage bins for the different categories of waste in specially designed plastic or metal bins so that each type of waste can be treated or disposed of as necessary;  Hazardous Wastes must be properly disposed based on their specific properties as noted in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) and may not be disposed with non- hazardous wastes;  Hazardous Waste at the Delta State SEEFOR area is expected to be primarily composed of the following: o empty chemical substances containers (e.g. fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides); o empty petrochemical substances containers (e.g. oil, grease, lubricants); o used lubricants; and o used towels soaked with oil and grease or lubricants;  Hazardous Wastes cannot be mixed unless specifically noted in the plan;

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 The Delta State SEEFOR must establish a list of accredited waste disposal contractors and obtain a Certificate of Accreditation from each to ensure that they are operating legally;  The Delta State SEEFOR must have accredited waste disposal contractors for the following items and activities: o used engine oil recycling contractor/facility; o lead and lead battery recycling contractor (also other heavy metal pollutants); o tire and rubber recycling contractor; o plastic recycling contractor, particularly for plastic containers which must be rinsed prior to disposal (note – do not burn PVC in open air because dioxins and furans can be generated); o used batteries (not car and equipment batteries) and e-waste (electronic waste) recycling/exporting contractor; o Hazardous Waste incineration contractor (for incineration at high temperatures in specially constructed incinerators); and o domestic waste collection contractor;  The Delta State SEEFOR must track all hazardous waste disposal activities using an appropriate Waste Manifest Form and all completed forms shall be kept for record purposes;  the Waste Management Supervisor must ensure that periodic inspections are conducted of waste management practices to ensure compliance with this plan.  The Delta State SEEFOR should periodically (e.g. every six months) reconcile its estimated disposal quantities with the waste manifests and other records of actual wastes generated, and investigate any significant discrepancies;

7.3.3 Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan The Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan will provide guidance for controlling soil erosion and the transporting of sediment to surface waters that might occur during construction, rehabilitation and maintenance phases of the SEEFOR project. Soil erosion is a major soil degradation process which affects the soil quality not only by directly reducing nutrients and organic matter levels, but also by affecting soil properties such as infiltration rates. Thus, it is a process which requires adequate management plan.

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The Delta State SEEFOR shall monitor the effectiveness of erosion and run-off control through systematic verification of the compliance with control measures implemented through monitoring of impacts to surface water quality downstream (turbidity) and run-off accumulation at streams and natural drainage channels downstream of construction/rehabilitation fronts. Erosion and runoff will be minimized through the implementation of the following types of measures:  Slopes of all cut and fill areas will be rigorously controlled and will at no time be allowed to be greater than the slope established in the final design;  Temporary protection of exposed soil surfaces with measures such as plastic film, bio-membranes or other means, will be implemented when necessary;  Vegetated buffer zones will be protected along streams to help control sedimentation;  Site clearing operations will progress in a gradual and phased manner to ensure there are no large increases in sediment discharge;  While vegetation clearing and earthmoving activities are in progress and permanent erosion control devices cannot be implemented, temporary erosion control devices will be used;  As a rule, the only rainwater that will be allowed to flow over cut and fill slopes is that which falls directly on them. All exposed soil working surfaces will be tilted towards the base of cut slopes and, where this is not possible, measures such as berms will be installed at the upper limits of fill slopes to minimize uncontrolled storm water flow over them;  Inlet structures used to collect storm run-off will be constructed from any suitable construction material. The structures will ensure efficient removal of design-storm runoff in order to avoid interruption of construction during or following storms and to prevent erosion resulting from overtopping of the inlet;  Piles of soil or other materials will be allowed for short periods of time and will be located only in flat areas and away from any storm water courses. Only topsoil piles will be allowed to remain for extended periods and protected from rainfall;  Permanent erosion control may be achieved through measures such as terracing along with a re-vegetation programme. The terraces would consist of low, broad-based earth levees constructed approximately parallel to the contours designed to intercept

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overload flow before it achieves great erosive force and to conduct it to a suitable discharge point;  Erosion protection such as riprap or sacked concrete may be used around culvert entrances;  Above all, all geomorphologic, hydraulic and hydrologic, and civil engineering preparations with respect to the site, must be designed in line with the ESMP procedures to have an environmentally-friendly, coherent and consistent engineering design and implementation for the project area; Storm water will be controlled through the implementation of the following types of measures:  Careful considerations will be given to the drainage of all roads, facility areas, borrow pits, and surplus soil deposit areas;  All flow of storm water over exposed soil surfaces will be along pre-established paths that will not interfere with vehicle and other activities and will contain breakers and other devices to control flow velocity. Hydraulic stairs, drop structures or other energy dissipation structures will be used when necessary to convey storm water to lower grounds; and  All storm drainage will be discharged via surface drainage systems. Maximum use of natural drainage features will be used. Runoff from cleared areas will be collected in open channels or ditches for removal from the immediate area. The use of buried pipe will be minimized and buried pipes will be day-lighted to open channel drains as soon as practical.

7.3.4 Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan The Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan will be required both during the implementation phase and operations. For both phases, the following will be incorporated, as appropriate:  All workers at work fronts will receive weekly safety orientations that last at least 15 minutes. If significant accidents occur or other health and safety issues arise, these orientations may be supplemented;  The training status for all workers will be recorded;  During the new employee orientation process, all workers will receive health and safety training on standard work processes and other health and safety requirements applicable to their work activities; 211

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 Health and safety training will be detailed in the Integrated Health and Safety Plan (IHSP) that will specify the contents, target groups, frequency and forms of evaluation of each type of training to be applied. It will include at least the following modules: o Induction health and safety training; o Community relations training; o First aid; o Venomous animals; o Use of PPE; and o Safe Work Procedures.

7.3.5 Water Management Plan The Water Management Plan will address the appropriateness of water conservation, protection of water resources, responsibly using surface water and groundwater for farming and farming activities plantation and mill purposes, and practicing rainfall harvesting. The important aspects of this plan will be:  Implementation of the measures contained in the Waste Management Plan to ensure that all wastes generated on the site are properly stored and disposed to control adverse impacts to surface and groundwater by liquid effluents or by leachate from solid wastes;  Training of all workers to ensure that they understand the significance of protecting all water sources;  Monitoring significant effluent streams on a periodic basis to ensure that they meet applicable discharge requirements;  Developing and implementing a site-specific water quality monitoring plan for both surface water and groundwater to ensure that management measures are achieving the desired results;  Implementation of measures contained in the Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan to control sedimentation of surface water resources and minimize the loss of nutrients and therefore the need for chemical fertilizers;  Implementation of the measures contained in the Chemical Management Plan to ensure that all chemicals used on the site are used properly and in the minimum necessary quantities to control adverse impacts to surface and groundwater; and

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 Development of parameters for the installation of water wells to ensure that the wells meet all applicable national standards and that they do not have significant adverse impacts on other groundwater users.

7.3.6 Air Quality Management Plan The Air Quality Management Plan will include the following important aspects:  Noise levels in mills and other Project areas shall meet the requirements of both Federal and Delta State Ministries of Environment;  All Project vehicles used for transportation will be properly maintained and fitted with standard pollution control equipment to minimize emissions; and  Delta State SEEFOR will avoid the use of ozone depleting substances for uses such as coolants or cleaning operations;

7.3.7 Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan The Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan will ensure that all vegetation clearing and biomass management for all aspects of the Project activities will be conducted in accordance with detailed procedures that will meet the requirements of Nigeria as well as international best practices.

Site clearing for construction and campsite construction (where applicable) and other infrastructure development can damage the habitats of terrestrial flora and fauna species. If clearing is not done properly, it could result in the removal of ecologically important habitats and species. The conversion of forests, even secondary, reduces biodiversity, with species reductions occurring for insects, birds, reptiles, and soil microorganisms. This plan will include procedures for the following:  Delineating areas to be cleared;  Delineating areas to be protected;  Specifying methods for clearing in various types of areas or terrain, including methods to allow fauna to relocate out of the area to be cleared;  Specifying methods for best utilization of merchantable timber;  Specifying procedures for ensuring that non-timber forest products are reasonably utilized by local villagers before or immediately after areas are cleared; and

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 Specifying procedures for utilizing and/or disposing of the biomass generated by the clearing activities.

This plan will be used in conjunction with the Employment, Training, and Awareness Management Plan and the Erosion and Sedimentation Management Plan to ensure that workers/farmers, the environment, and surrounding communities are protected.

7.3.8 Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will include procedures for addressing all reasonably foreseeable and possible emergencies such as:  Fires;  Floods;  Spills or releases of hazardous chemicals or wastes to the groundwater or surface water;  Medical emergencies; and,  Other weather-related emergencies.

The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will define the methods of intervention and required resources to be implemented by Delta State SEEFOR in the event of an accident to protect staff and property and to prevent harmful effects on the local population and the environment. As part of the plan, Delta State SEEFOR will facilitate the alert of rescue services and inform the competent relevant authorities. Spills are the release of substances (solids or liquids) in a magnitude that could cause substantial negative effects to the system receiving it; the system in question could be, for example, soil, river, lake, sea or the atmosphere. The spill response aspects of the plan will be outlined for all employees who will be trained in specific spill response procedures for the substances for which they are responsible. The impacts of spills can have very adverse effects on the environment and humans.

Spills can occur during many of the typical operations such as: refueling of equipment, painting, changing oil, during transfer of the liquids or solid from container to another, rinsing drums containing liquid or solid that is harmful. They may also occur as a result of a burst hose or pipe, the malfunctioning of an overflow valve of a tank or road accident of a fuel tanker. The Emergency Response and

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Incident Management Plan will include the following features to address spills or release of hazardous materials:  Identify the personnel responsible in the event of a spill as well as a hierarchy for notifications both within the commercial agriculture as well as government and emergency response personnel;  Provide the structure for a spill response organization;  Characterize the different types of materials and potential quantities of spills that could occur as a result of the project activities;  Outline spill response procedures as well as equipment, protective equipment, supplies, and materials to support the response;  Provide specific training guidelines and procedures for personnel to ensure a safe and effective response to potential spill events; and  Provide training guidelines for recovery and disposal of all materials contaminated in the event of a spill. The Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan will also define the procedures, training, supplies, and materials for designated personnel to respond to fires, medical emergencies, and other significant emergencies or incidents during both construction and operations of various project activities.

7.3.9 Cultural Heritage Management Plan The Cultural Heritage Management Plan will ensure that known cultural sites are identified and adequately protected. It will also ensure that a procedure is put in place for identifying any unknown or unmarked sites that may be encountered during development (Chance Find Procedure). In order to mitigate impacts on known sites, Delta State SEEFOR will demarcate, along with each affected village and community, the cultural and sacred sites used by that village and community for traditional practices, so that those sites can be excluded from any vegetation clearing or other constructive activities.

During the course of construction, if any artifact or human remains are discovered, work in the immediate vicinity of such artifacts shall be stopped immediately and Delta State SEEFOR will implement a Chance Find Procedure that will include the following:

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 Delta state SEEFOR will engage Archeologists and Anthropologists to examine, recover and preserve evidence and artifacts affected through relevant Ministry.  Delta State SEEFOR’s HSE coordinator will take logical safety measures to avert any person from removing or damaging any such item;  all work will be motivated at least 30 meters away from the artifact, or outside the boundaries of the site containing the artifact;  the local Chiefs and Government Officials will be notified to determine whether it is considerable from a cultural perspective;  if the artifact emerges to be pre-historic, the countrywide museum will be notified; and, proper actions will be considered after consulting the relevant ministry.

7.3.10 Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan The Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan will include the following provisions:  The Delta State SEEFOR will place speed limits and appropriate road signage along all Project roads;  The Delta State SEEFOR will enforce speed limits for safety, air quality, and noise purposes both on the Project site and beyond;  All Delta State SEEFOR drivers should be trained by a road safety specialist; and,  All vehicles should be properly maintained and undergo periodic safety inspections.

 .

7.3.11 Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan The Health, Safety, and Security Management Plan for the Project will comply with all Delta state requirements as well as international best practices. It will address measures for hygiene, health, and safety at the work place and include an ongoing training programme for all employees’ project beneficiaries. Delta State SEEFOR will provide the necessary safety equipment to its employees. The plan will address issues such as:  The proper provision and use of personnel protective equipment (PPE) such as safety boots, respirators, eye protection, hearing protection, gloves, and hardhats;  Analysis of risks associated with job activities in order to develop standard requirements for PPE on a job-specific and station-specific basis;

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 Provision of training on the proper use of PPE and penalties for the improper use of PPE;  Training on the proper and safe use of all equipment in workshops, garages, the plantation, nurseries, and mills;  Physical barriers so that unauthorized personnel are not admitted to areas where dangerous equipment is in use;  Training related to job-specific risks and activities; including:  Electrical installations (e.g. electric shock on direct contact with conductors and indirect contact with masses powered up, burns, fire and explosion);  Mechanical equipment (e.g. tool blasting or matter risk, crushing of fingers, wounds, equipment shock);  Lifting devices (e.g. crushing risk, injury caused by appurtenances, falling, collision);  Machinery and vehicles (e.g. risk of accident on contact with other materials, collision with or knocking down of persons, obstacle shock, fall by the operator, collision with a vehicle or machine);  Hand tools, electric or other welding equipment (e.g. risk of injury, electrocution, poisoning, dazzle);  Workshops and garages (e.g. risk of mechanical injury, shock and collision with machines);  Sterilizers and boilers (e.g. risk of burns due to heat and steam from furnace, explosion risk);  Power plant, processing lines and workshops (e.g. noise-related risks, electrocution risk); and  Provision of properly trained and equipped first aid personnel including a well- stocked pharmacy, a treatment room with beds, and an ambulance for any worksite injuries. 7.3.12 Community Health & Safety Plan The purpose of the Community Health and Safety Plan is to address the potential impacts on the human population living in and around the farm settlement. These mitigation measures include:  Construction activities can draw significant number of single men and others attracted by the opportunity to provide goods and services to construction workers and project beneficiaries with disposable income. Some of these activities such as alcohol, drugs,

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and sex trade can lead to increased crime and diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Therefore, Delta State SEEFOR will attempt to recruit most of its construction workers from the immediate area, thus minimizing the number of single men migrating elsewhere to seek employment;  The Delta State SEEFOR will also ensure that it and its contractors provide adequate training and enforcement codes of conduct to minimize worker participation in risky activities such as sex trade, drugs, and alcohol;  The Delta State SEEFOR will conduct sensitization of local communities regarding potential impacts from construction workers and inform those communities about the terms and conditions of Delta State SEEFOR’s worker Code of Conduct;  The Delta State SEEFOR will conduct community training and awareness programmes to ensure that the local population understands the risks of participating in risky economic activities for short-term economic gain;  The Delta State SEEFOR will align with local Government Councils to ensure that they fully understand the risks of large-scale construction activities and support its efforts from a law enforcement perspective;  The Delta State SEEFOR will work closely with the health districts of the Ministry of Health in the State and promote sensitization campaigns to help the local population avoid risky activities. It will also work closely with the health districts to monitor the incidence of diseases and other health measures that have indicated a need for further intervention to protect community health and safety.

7.3.13 Stakeholder Engagement Plan As part of the ESMP, the Delta State SEEFOR has been implementing its Stakeholder Engagement Plan since the inception of the Project invention. This includes the following major considerations:  Identification of Project stakeholders;  Summary of past consultation efforts;  Planned consultation efforts to prepare for construction activities;  Stakeholder engagement during construction;  Stakeholder engagement during operations;  Resources for stakeholder engagement;  Monitoring and reporting on stakeholder engagement; and

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 Formation of the site monitoring committees particularly the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance Site Monitoring Committee.

In conjunction with its Stakeholder Engagement Plan, Delta State SEEFOR will develop and implement a grievance procedure that will include the following components:  Anyone may contact the Project, in person, by email, or by telephone to submit a grievance;  Contacts about grievances may be by the affected person or through an agreed local liaison committee;  All complaints will be documented by Delta State SEEFOR and tracked to resolution, and information on the status will be available to the person making the complaint;  The Delta State SEEFOR will investigate the complaint, using technical assistance if necessary, and determine the response including, if applicable, proposed actions;  The Delta State SEEFOR will inform the person making the complaint, either verbally or in writing, of proposed actions (if any);  Prior to construction, Delta State SEEFOR will work with stakeholders to develop a binding arbitration system for resolving complaints;  The grievance mechanism will inform complainants of their options if the complaint cannot be resolved;  The Delta State SEEFOR will strive to investigate and resolve complaints promptly;  There will be no cost to the person presenting the complaint;  All complaints will be treated with appropriate confidentiality;  Complaints will be investigated and resolved without retribution to the complainant or other persons; and,  Project personnel, especially those who have contact with the public, will be briefed/trained about the grievance procedure, including who to contact within the Delta State SEEFOR or the Delta State Government about a complaint.

7.3.14 Training Programmes The Delta State SEEFOR will develop, implement, and track training programmes at both PMU and community levels. Table 7.8 describes the institutional capacity

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strengthening plan that Delta SEEFOR should followed at both the PMU and community levels. The programme should include but not limited to:  Safeguards training for the entire PMU on World Bank safeguard policies triggered by the SEEFOR;  Training of PMU on Implementation of all emergency response procedures, as identified in the Emergency Response and Incident Management Plan; and  Training on Health, Environment, Safety, and Security Management Plan for PMU.  Community / PAP training on general environmental awareness. However, to build the capacity of both the PMU and the community, Delta State SEEFOR should develop, implement, and track training programmes

Table 7.8: Institutional Capacity Strengthening Plan Target Audience Description Application Duration PMU Training In-depth understanding of Personnel require Three days PC, Environment and the mitigation measures appreciation of WB’s, seminar safeguards specialist, proffered by the ESMP. Federal/State Project engineer and environmental policies, as Social safeguards well as, an application of specialist these policies in implementing the World Bank support for Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance control. Community Project General environmental By the SEEFOR 1 day beneficiaries awareness seminar that will institutional arrangement, workshop include ecological and social the target audience will be science principles, legal responsible for site responsibilities, monitoring and liaising consequences of non- between community and sustainable development and the Delta State SEEFOR costs of poor environmental as well as contractors. decisions as it affect Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance site. Mitigation measures proffered in the ESMP.

7.4 Monitoring and Evaluation The Project will develop a detailed Environmental and Social Monitoring Plan to monitor key elements of both the biophysical and human environments. The purpose of this monitoring will be to ensure that significant impacts were correctly identified in the assessment process, and to monitor the effectiveness of the mitigation

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measures. The results of monitoring activities will be regularly reviewed to determine if existing management measures are adequate, or if those measures should be revised, deleted, or supplemented.

Monitoring will include aspects such as:  Water quality of the effluent streams discharged from the construction activities;  Water quality and general aquatic health of streams receiving effluents from the construction activities;  Invasive species;  Bush meat sales in local markets;  Interactions between local fauna such as birds and the plantation to determine if additional mitigation measures are required and if implemented, how effective they are working;  The effectiveness of waste management activities;  The effectiveness of sediment and erosion control measures and of storm water management measures;  All clearing activities for compliance with the Vegetation Clearing and Biomass Management Plan;  Implementation of the Cultural Heritage Management Plan and associated Chance Find Procedure;  Compliance with the Traffic and Vehicle Management Plan;  Health and safety indicators, including accidents, for all workers and farmers working in the Project;  Grievances of workers, farmers and the local community;  Health indicators in the local communities to inform any modifications to the Community Health and Safety Plan; and  Flora and fauna in the project Area.

Table 7.9 Environment and Social Monitoring Plan Measures Parameter Responsibility Frequency Cost ($) Source of fund Effluent discharged SEEFOR (Env. Weekly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR from the construction Officer) activities Effectiveness of waste SEEFOR (Env. Weekly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR management plan Officer) Local Flora and Fauna SEEFOR (Env. Quarterly 1,000 Delta SEEFOR 221

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Parameter Responsibility Frequency Cost ($) Source of fund issues Officer) Effectiveness of SEEFOR (Env. Annual 1,000 Delta SEEFOR sediment and erosion Officer) control measures Effectiveness of storm SEEFOR (Env. Annual 1,000 Delta SEEFOR water management Officer) measures Land clearing SEEFOR (Env. As the need 1,000 Delta SEEFOR activities Officer) arise Implementation of the SEEFOR (Social Annual 1,000 Delta SEEFOR Cultural Heritage Officer) Management Plan and associated Changes Health and safety SEEFOR Annual 2,000 Delta SEEFOR indicators including (SEEFOR Env. community health Officer / issues Consultant) Grievances of workers, SEEFOR As the need 1,000 Delta SEEFOR PAPs and the local (SEEFOR Social arise communities; Officer Consultant) TOTAL 10,000

7.5 IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE The implementation schedule is necessary to give a clear-cut direction on the timeline of implementation of the stipulated mitigation measures. It is expected that each of the stated measures should be time-based for proper implementation and apt monitoring. Table 7.10 below documents the schedule for the mitigation measures with respective time lapse.

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Table 7.10: ESMP Implementation Schedule S/N Mitigation measures Mitigation timeline 1. Pre-construction phase A month (4 weeks) prior to initiation of I. Acquisition of land construction activities II. Community perception of the project Six weeks before the commencement of construction activities 2. Construction phase All through the duration of the 1. Environmental impacts(including construction period landslide, rock cave-in, mudflow/flooding, soil impact, in situ waste, land use, channelization of floodwaters, topographic alterations, air quality, water quality, and increased sedimentation) 2. Biological impacts particularly impact on All through the duration of the flora & fauna and wildlife. construction period 3. Socioeconomic impacts including traffic All through the duration of the and transportation, accident, employment, construction period human displacement, and aesthetics. 4. Public health impacts including HIV/AIDS All through the duration of the & STDs, water-borne diseases, malaria. construction period 3. Operation and maintenance phase All through the duration of the Air quality, noise and vibration, water operation & maintenance period quality, traffic & transportation, and health & safety

7.6 ESMP COSTING AND COST ANALYSIS The cost analysis presented in this section is designed for each of the identified mitigation measures to be effective and efficiently implemented. It is designed specifically for each of the activity itemised for each of the phases of the proposed SEEFOR project Warri. Thus, it covers the preconstruction phase, the construction phase as well as the maintenance and operation phase mitigation measures. Hence the cost is designed for a global spread across the stated measures. Table 7.11 below presents the synoptic details of the ESMP costing.

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Table 7.11: Cost Analysis of the Warri metropolis road rehabilitation/maintenance ESMP Implementation S/N ESMP Activities based on stated mitigation measures Cost Estimate ($) 1 Pre-construction phase  Acquisition of land; -  Community perception of the project. 1,500 TOTAL 1,500 2 Construction phase (a) Environmental impacts including dust generation, vegetation control, soil impact, in situ waste, land use, 3,700 siltation of waterbodies, noise pollution, air quality, water quality, and increased sedimentation. (b) Biological impacts particularly impacts on flora & fauna 400 and wildlife. (c) Socioeconomic impacts including traffic and transportation, 1,350 accident, employment, human displacement, and aesthetics. (d) Public health impacts with respect to HIV/AIDS & STDs, water-borne diseases, malaria. 850

TOTAL 6,300 3 Operation and maintenance phase 1,255

4 Preparation of Monitoring Plans 20,500

5 Institutional Capacity Strengthening Programme

SPCU 2,000

Community 1,000

Sub-Total 3,000

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan 10,000

Grand Total 42,500

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CHAPTER EIGHT SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This study has provided a well-defined procedure, including action plans to incorporate environmental and social considerations into the proposed road rehabilitation project in the Warri metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria. It measures the basic biophysical and social baseline information of the proposed intervention site, identifies sensitive environmental parameters that may be impacted on at the various phases of project development and provides the necessary mitigation measures for such identified impacts. However, since the development objective of SEEFOR is to maintain and rehabilitate road network in the Warri metropolis, the ESMP for the proposed road maintenance and rehabilitation adequately provides the guidelines for achieving the SEEFOR objectives without compromising the tangible and intangible human and environmental values within the project area.

The study has established that most residents in the urban part of the metropolis are engaged in commercial and other ancillary activities while those in the rural parts are engaged in rain- fed smallholder farming activities. During the data gathering process, participants generally appraised their living standard and socio-economic status as “average”, which is typical of an urban environment.

The residents of the Warri metropolis significantly expressed their desires for the intervention, calling for better drainage system and cleaner access road to enhance their socio-economic life. The proposed Warri metropolis road maintenance/rehabilitation intervention is a welcome development by the affected communities. This ESMP therefore recommends the execution of the proposed SEEFOR intervention project in the study area and the implementation of the mitigation measures proposed for the project.

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Appendix I

QUESTIONNAIRE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ON State Employment and Expenditure for Result (SEEFOR) FOR WARRI Metropolis, DELTA STATE

Dear Respondent, Thank you for taking the time to complete the following survey! The purpose of this survey is to gain valuable insight from the Project Affected Persons (PAPs) on the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) of SEEFOR project activities. This is your chance to tell us what you think!

NOTE: Please read each question carefully. Your answers are completely confidential and will be included only in summaries where individual answers cannot be identified. Unless otherwise instructed, please tick appropriate answer category that best describes your opinion. It will take approximately 20 minutes to complete this questionnaire.

Settlement/Community: ……………………………….. State/L.G.A: …….………………………………………….………… Name of Interviewer: ……..…………….……………… Date: ……………..……………………………………………

SECTION A: Household data 1. Gender of Respondent :(a) Male (b) Female 2. Age: (a) < 18 yrs. (b) 18-45 yrs. (c) 46-65 yrs. (d) Above 66 yrs. 3. Marital Status: (a) Single (b) Married (c) Divorced/Separated (d) Widowed 4. Residential Status: (a) Permanent Resident (b) Back Home (Returnee) (c) Non Resident, Visiting 5. Ethnic Group: (a) Urhobo (b) Itsekiri (c) (d) Others, specify……… 6. Religion: (a) Islam (b) Christianity (c) Traditional 7. Education: (a) None (b) Primary School (c) Secondary School (d) Tertiary (Excluding University) (e) University Graduate (f) University Post Graduate 8. Relationship to HH: (a) Self (b) Spouse (c) Child (d) Parent (e) Other, specify 9. Type of HH (a) Normal (Father) (b) Woman (c) Child 10. Size of the HH …………………………… No. of Adults (Above 18) Men Women No. of Children (below 18) Boys Girls

11. Occupation: (a) Famer (b) Daily Labourer (c) Trading & Shop Keeping (d) Artisans (e) Employed (salary)

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(f) Self Employed (g) Social Support (h) unemployed (i) Others specify……………… 12. How long have you been living in this area? (a) 0-2 yrs (b) 3-5 yrs. (c) 6-9 yrs. (d) 10 yrs. and Above 13. If non-resident, please state your actual location:………………….. (Location/LGA/State)

Education 1.1 Does anyone in the household A Yes b No currently attend school (If no, skip to Section B) 1.2. Where do the children go to School Category Number school? (Place name) a Primary B Junior High c Senior High/ Tech/ Voc d Post-Secondary 1.3. How long does it take to get a <5 mins to school? b 5-15 mins (Note response to each school c 15-30 mins accessed) d 30-60 mins e 60+ mins 1.4. What method of transport is a Foot used to get to school? b Bicycle (Note response to each school c Mini bus accessed) d Taxi e Private Car f Okada g Tri-cycle

SECTION B: HEALTH STATUS 1. What is your present state of health? (a) poor (b) good (c) very good 2. If poor, is your state of health affected in any way by the condition of the road? (a) Yes (b) No 3. If yes, in what way? (a) Catarrh (b) Cough (c) Eye problem (d) Malaria (e) Water-borne diseases (f) Others, Specify……………………... 4. How do you manage your health conditions when sick? (a) Attend hospital/clinic (b) Buys drugs from nearby chemist (c) Traditional medicine (d) None (e) Others Specify………….

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5. If you do attend hospital/clinic, when last did you visit one? (a) last six months (b) last one year (c) last five years (d) more than five years ago (e) Never visited one.

6. Please tick one or more of the under-mentioned ailment/sickness, you suffer from most accordingly? 7. Degree Alway Sparingly Seldo Never Degree Alwa Sparingl Seldom Never Ailment s m Ailment ys y Whooping Rheumatism Cough Tuberculosi Rashes s Asthma Eczema

Dysentery Ringworm

Diarrhoea Eye pains

Cholera Cataract

Pile Glaucoma

Hypertensio Typhoid fever n Congestive Malaria health problem Pneumonia Sickle cell anemia

Sexually Epilepsy transmitted diseases

SECTION C: STANDARD OF LIVING / SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES 1. Assets 1.1 Do you have any of the following items Quantity Quantity a. radio / tape k. beds b.recorder television l. furniture set c. DVD player m. fan d. telephone (land n. computer e.line) mobile phone o. generator f. stove p. mosquito nets g. fridge q. insect screens h. fishing traps r. hunting trap i. fishing nets s. other hunting j. fishing hooks t.equipment other (specify)

1.2 What sort of transport does your family own Quantity Quantity

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a. bicycle f. car b. g. truck c.motorcycle/okada canoe h. taxi d. boat i. bus e. tri-cycle j. other (specify)

1.3 What mode of transport do you frequently use a. bicycle f. car b. g. truck c.motorcycle/okada canoe h. taxi d. boat i. bus e. tri-cycle j. other (specify)

1.4 What sort of housing does your household live in? a. Construction material - Walls Plastered mud c. Number of 1-2 Cement rooms 3-4 Otherblocks Other b. Construction material - roofing Corrugated(specify) d. Other Animal(specify) Pen Aluminiumroofing structures on Granary Asbestos plot Shops Tile Kiosks Other Other e. Construction material - floor Earthen(specify) (specify) Concretes Tiles Other (specify) f. Toilet Facility Pit latrine Water closet Toilet facility outside dwelling Pier latrine Other (specify) None g. Tenure of housing Owned Rented Occupied rent free Other h. Tenure of land Owned Rented Occupied rent free Lease hold Others specify

2. Indicate your household refuse disposal for solid waste? (a) Depositing refuse at backyard of the house (b) Dumping in water body (c) Dumping in community refuse/garbage pit/dumpsite (d) Burning after gathering together (e) Waste collector (f) Others, please specify……………………..

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2.0 Household Services 2.1 Rank in order of availability and usability the source(s) of lighting for the household? (Please use 1, 2,...in hierarchical order with 1 indicating the most available and used source) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) PHCN Generator Lantern Candle Palm Torchlight Wood Kerosene Gas Oil Battery Lamp

2.2 Using the method in 2.1,indicate major source of energy for cooking? (a) Fire (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Gas (g) Crop Others Wood Coal Kerosene Electricity Animal Residue/saw dropping dust

3.0 Sources of Water for for cooking For bathing and a. Lagoon Yesdrinking No Yes No Yeswashing No b. Well Yes No Yes No Yes No c. Borehole Yes No Yes No Yes No d. Water pump Yes No Yes No Yes No e. Community tap Yes No Yes No Yes No f. Piped water outside Yes No Yes No Yes No g. Riverdwelling Yes No Yes No Yes No h. Rain harvesting Yes No Yes No Yes No i. Water vendor Yes No Yes No Yes No j. Tanked water Yes No Yes No Yes No k. Others(specify) Yes No Yes No Yes No

4.0 Income State your main income per month N

4.1 Remittances 1. Does anyone in the family who lives elsewhere send 1 Yes 2 No 2.money If yes, to how you? much (per month) N

5.0 Other Income 1. Do you have other income streams Yes No 2. If yes, please specify the amount? NYes No

7.0 Total Income 1 What is the total household monthly income (all activities)? N

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7. In your opinion, how has the standard of living of your household changed over the previous three years? (a) Same (b) Better (c) Worse 8. Is the option in 7 propelled by the condition of the road? (a) Yes (b) No 9. If 8 is yes, do you think the proposed project activities will improve the situation (a) Yes (b) No 10. If 9 is yes, specify how the project will improve the situation……………………….… 11. How do you ensure gender equity in the community (a) women are elected in public office (b) females are given equal opportunity and access to education and employment (c) quotas on genders are ensures in leadership of community based organizations (d) others specify.

SECTION D: RESOURCES/ CULTURAL PROPERTY 1. Please indicate the environmental problems which your settlement/community would likely experience and whose cause can be linked to the SEEFOR project activities during project construction? (a) Poor drainage system (b) Bad road (c) Low visibility (d) Erosion Problems (e) Flooding (f) environmental degradation (g) Destruction of infrastructures (h) encroachment of land properties (i) Pollution (air, water, land) (j) Others (specify) ………………………….. 2. Please indicate the environmental problems which your settlement/community would likely experience and whose cause can be linked to the SEEFOR project activities during the project operation? (a) Poor drainage system (b) Bad road (c) Low visibility (d) Erosion Problems (e) Flooding (f) environmental degradation (g) Destruction of infrastructures (h) encroachment of land properties (i) Pollution (air, water and land) (j) Others (specify) ………………………….. 3. Do you think the SEEFOR project activities will affect any valued resource/cultural/archaeological property in your area? (a) Yes (b) No 4. If yes, how will valued resource/cultural/archaeological property be affected? (a) Displacement of such valued cultural Properties (b) Vandalisation of sacred items/locations (c) Possible theft of sacred/archaeological items (d) Others, specify:…………………………… 5. Can you name some of the animals and other habitats that may be affected by the proposed project activities? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….

SECTION E: SEEFOR PROJECT ACTIVITIES IMPACT EVALUATION 1. Are you aware of the proposed intervention by SEEFOR (a) Yes (b) No 2. If yes, from which source (a) community meetings (b) Media (TV, Radio, Newspaper, Internet) (c) Others specify 3. Do you think the project can cause restiveness in your community? (a) Yes (b) No 4. If yes, how will the proposed project result in restiveness? 5. (a) Disrespect of norms and culture by contractors

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(b) encroachment of shops/Kiosks (c) Possible theft of sacred/archaeological items (d) local people not employed during construction (e) Others, specify: ……………… 5. How often do members of your household use this road? ……………….times/day 6. Is the frequency of use related to the problem your household experiences using the road? Yes: ………. No: ……………. 7. If yes to question 6, what were the problems? …………. 8. Are you able to use your vehicles (e.g. bicycle, motorcycle, cars, etc) on the road? Yes: ….. , No: …… 9. Who is responsible for maintaining the road? ………………………… 10. Are maintenance and repairs of the road carried out quickly? Yes: ……. No: ……. 11. What contribution do you make towards maintenance of the road?………………………………………………… 12. Do you think the intervention of SEEFOR would improve the situation of the road? Yes:………. No: ………… 13. How do you think the improved road will benefit the community? Please describe fully? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… 14. How will the proposed project impact on your livelihood and environment? Positive impacts Negative impacts (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

15. What do you expect from the activities of SEEFOR project activities? (a) employment of Locals during construction (b) compensation for those whose properties will be affected (c) capacity building for maintenance during implementation (d) community input into final engineering design (e) Others please specify………………………………………………………. 16. Are there any other issue(s) of concern as regards the SEEFOR project in your area, please state clearly? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………….

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Appendix II Nigerian Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) Pollutants Time of Average Limits Particulates Daily average of daily 250µg/m3 values 1hour 600 µg/m3 Sulphuroxide Daily average of hourly 0.01ppm (Sulphurdioxide) values 1 hour 0.1ppm Non-methanehydrocarbon Daily average of 3- 160µg/m3 hourly values Carbonmonoxide Daily average of hourly 10ppm values 8-hour average 20ppm Nitrogen oxides Daily average of hourly 0.04- 0.06ppm (Nitrogen dioxide) values (range) Photochemical Oxidant Hourly values 0.06ppm Source: Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution Control in Nigeria (FEPA, 1991)

Noise Exposure Limits for Nigeria Duration per Day, Hour Permissible Exposure Limit dB(A) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1.5 102 1 105 0.5 110 0.25 115 Source: Guidelines and Standards for Environmental Pollution

Noise Level Guidelines Receptor One Hour LAeq (dBA) Day time (07:00 -22:00) 22:00 – 07:00 Residential; Institutional; 55 45 educations Industrial; commercial 70 70

Source: World Bank Group 2007: General EHS Guidelines

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Groundwater Samples Parame GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 WHO LIMITS ters Highest Max. FMEn Desirab Permiss v Limit le Level ible Level pH 7.0-8.5 6.5-9.2 6.5-8.5 Conduct - ivity, µS/cm NS 1000 Tempera <40 ture, 0C NS NS Turbidit 1.0 y, NTU NS NS Total 500 Dissolve d Solids, mg/l 200 500 Salinity, ppt NS NS Hardnes 200 s, mg/l CaCO3 100 500 Alkalinit - y, mg/l NS NS Dissolve 7.5 d Oxygen, mg/l NS NS BOD , 0 5 mg/l NS NS COD, - mg/l NS NS Chloride 250

, mg/l 200 600 Nitrate, 10 mg/l - - Sulphate 500

, mg/l 200 400 Phospha 5 te, mg/l NS NS Sodium, 200 mg/l NS NS Calcium, - mg/I 75 200 Magnesi - um, mg/l 30 75 Potassiu - m, mg/l NS NS

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Parame GW1 GW2 GW3 GW4 GW5 GW6 WHO LIMITS ters Highest Max. FMEn Desirab Permiss v Limit le Level ible Level THC, - mg/l 0.01 0.3 Oil and 0.05

Grease - - Heavy Metals Iron, 1.0 mg/l 0.1 1.0 Zinc, 5.0 mg/l 5.0 15.0 Lead, 0.05 mg/l NS NS Mercury 0.01

, mg/l NS NS Copper, 0.05 mg/l 0.05 1.5 Chromiu 0.01 m, mg/l NS NS Cadmiu 0.03 m, mg/l NS NS Nickel, - mg/l NS NS Arsenic, - mg/l NS NS

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Appendix III Minutes of Meetings and Consultations on the Project MINUTES OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATION HELD WITH THE WOMEN’S GROUP AT WARRI SEEFOR PROJECT SITE IN DELTA STATE ON APRIL 16TH, 2014 AT 12:35 PM This stakeholders’ meeting was designed to elicit relevant information from the women group on the commencement of the different phases of the proposed SEEFOR project. This is to ensure that women in the affected communities at Warri project area are enlightened about the proposed SEEFOR project. In Attendance were 12 persons as shown in the attendance list below: s/n Name Phone No 1 Mrs. Adjara Usman 08060773560 2 Mood Zainap 08035010798 3 Amour Bekis 08030676367 4 Aminu Roseline 08033034966 5 Mrs. Amana Juliet 08167206861 6 Mrs. Ethane Rashid at 07035826718 7 Mrs. Bello Fatima 08166118836 8 Aperua-Yussuf 08038251957 (Women Leader) 9 Mrs. A. E. Ajia --- 10 Momoh R. J. 08036315190 11 Netty Umoru 08110137106 12 Mrs Ruth John ---

Opening Remarks The meeting started with introduction by women leader. The lead consultant with the team members were introduced by the Site Monitoring Secretary to the women. The lead appreciated the women for taking time to attend the meeting ensuring that the importance gender balanced perception is relevant to the success of the project. He did a brief introduction concerning the SEEFOR project. He explained that the team was in the community to gather information that will pave way for the smooth implementation of the project adding that this is to ensure that women in the proposed project affected community are engaged in the project as required by international standards.

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Perceived cause(s) of Bad State of Roads The leader of the women’s group stated that the bad state of the roads is as a result of poor inadequate drainage system, low quality materials, maintenance of the roads. The poor construction of the road led to the gradually deterioration, which aggravated to the present state of the road. Level of awareness of the project and the contribution of the women to the project After the briefing, it was realized that majority of the attendees were aware of the proposed SEEFOR project. As was reported, this is because sometimes in 2013 some people came to inform the residents along axis about the proposed project by the government of Nigeria to address the problem. Since then nothing has happened but with this arrangement, we believe that people will be informed about the project. In terms of contribution towards the success of the project, the women unanimously made the following recommendations;  Women should be employed as part of the labour force. They express the fact that some of the women are as skilled as men in some areas. Therefore, the women should be given equal consideration in this aspect of the project  We can also provide food for the workers in form of catering. Since the workers will need food during the civil and rehabilitation works, this service should be provided to the workers by women in the affected community  The women are also ready to provide voluntary service if needed during the construction phase of the jobs.  The women will support the project peacefully.

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MINUTES OF THE KEY IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW WITH THE YOUTH LEADER OF THE SEEFOR PROJECT IN WARRI, DELTA STATE ON APRIL 16TH, 2014 AT 03:20 PM The KII with the Youth Leader was necessitated by the importance of the youths to the success of the proposed project. It is on this basis that the KII was organised to feel the pulse of the youths concerning the project. The interview was conducted by the consultant on socioeconomic impact of the project and it lasted for 60 minutes. Precisely, the following points were discussed during the interview. (a) A brief explanation on state of the roads (b) Awareness of the Proposed SEEFOR project (c) The efforts of the youths towards curtailing the adverse impacts of bad roads (d) The impacts of the roads on commuters and the affected communities (e) The vulnerable groups - women, widows, children and physically challenged (f) What are the key issues that concerns the youth about the project (g) Additional input from the youth members to ensure that the project is executed without any glitch

Opening remarks The interview commenced with a brief introduction of the project details in the community to the youth leader. The need to get the youths informed before the commencement of questionnaire administration and survey for ESMP in the area was emphasized and reiterated. It is on this background that the interview was based.

A brief explanation about the concerned roads The respondent claimed that bad state of the roads was due to heavy rainfall, particularly during rainy season and lack of maintenance. It was further claimed that the roads gradually degenerated to the present state. And, there have been efforts by the government at various levels – Local, State, Federal to fix the roads. There have also been a public outcry about the level of manpower and resources available to such contractor(s). He said sometimes youth used to make effort to fill some big pot holes when the situation became unbearable. He reiterated that he was optimistic that the current approach would yield better results at remediating and rehabilitating the affected roads to become motorable and livable.

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Knowledge of SEEFOR Most of the youths stated that they were not new to SEEFOR and the objectives of the government towards the programme. As a member of the site monitoring committee, the respondent claimed that SEEFOR’s objectives have been discussed at length with respect to the affected roads in the communities.

Efforts of the youths before now In this case, the respondent claimed that there have been several efforts by the youths who have resulted to the use of sands sometimes mixed with cement to fill pot holes and thus to control further damage and the opening of the soil surface to sheet erosion which could eventually result to gully. The approach he said was periodic and mostly in response to the commencement of rain to curtail the expansion of the pot holes. Apart from local palliatives, the youths also assisted in rescuing accident victims. Also, the youths have also helped government agencies in provision of skilled and unskilled labour when needed in area.

Key issues that concerns the youths in the area For the youths, the maximum support needed was guaranteed. He reiterated that as a youth leader, the youths of the area were ready to support the project. However, some things are critical that must be addressed. The area listed below; 1. The local youths must be employed as members of ad hoc staff for the project. Some of the youths were unemployed graduates who were looking for jobs to make ends meet. And, there are unlettered unskilled youths that could function as labourers for menial jobs during the civil works. Some of the skilled youths can also be useful as administrative staff members particularly within the duration of the project. 2. Some of the youths can be employed as local security personnel. Although, there would have been special security provided by the government, the local security who understands the terrain better would provide better security for either expatriate workers or top executives of the company. 3. There was an assurance of peace and tranquility for the period of the project and other civil works that the youths could help to fast-tracked the completeness of the project. The youths have the energy and were also self-motivated.

Further points to ensure the success of the project Prior to the commencement of the main civil works, the contractor with SEEFOR official must engage the local populace about the next phase of the project. In order words, people 239

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must be carried along. This would enhance information dissemination for the project. It was expressed that this should be based on sensitization across social and demographic lines. All social groups must be aware of the project. Some of the female youths can also be considered as key to the success of the project. It was stated that they could be employed as cooks or be permitted to supply food to the workers on the field during break periods. This would also provide a means of livelihood for some of the female youths which can be continued after the project. The full cooperation of everyone must be sort and the project must not be taken a political statement by one. In order to ensure this, information about the project must be aired on different media houses. Closing The interview ended afterwards

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