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Palms to Pines Scenic Byway Corridor Management Plan
Palms to Pines Scenic Byway Corridor Management Plan PALMS TO PINES STATE SCENIC HIGHWAY CALIFORNIA STATE ROUTES 243 AND 74 June 2012 This document was produced by USDA Forest Service Recreation Solutions Enterprise Team with support from the Federal Highway Administration and in partnership with the USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region, the Bureau of Land Management, the California Department of Transportation, California State University, Chico Research Foundation and many local partners. The USDA, the BLM, FHWA and State of California are equal opportunity providers and employers. In accordance with Federal law, U.S. Department of Agriculture policy and U.S. Department of Interior policy, this institution is prohibited from discriminating on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, age or disability. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720- 5964 (voice and TDD). Table of Contents Chapter 1 – The Palms to Pines Scenic Byway .........................................................................1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 Benefits of National Scenic Byway Designation .......................................................................... 2 Corridor Management Planning ................................................................................................. -
Rock Climbing Fundamentals Has Been Crafted Exclusively For
Disclaimer Rock climbing is an inherently dangerous activity; severe injury or death can occur. The content in this eBook is not a substitute to learning from a professional. Moja Outdoors, Inc. and Pacific Edge Climbing Gym may not be held responsible for any injury or death that might occur upon reading this material. Copyright © 2016 Moja Outdoors, Inc. You are free to share this PDF. Unless credited otherwise, photographs are property of Michael Lim. Other images are from online sources that allow for commercial use with attribution provided. 2 About Words: Sander DiAngelis Images: Michael Lim, @murkytimes This copy of Rock Climbing Fundamentals has been crafted exclusively for: Pacific Edge Climbing Gym Santa Cruz, California 3 Table of Contents 1. A Brief History of Climbing 2. Styles of Climbing 3. An Overview of Climbing Gear 4. Introduction to Common Climbing Holds 5. Basic Technique for New Climbers 6. Belaying Fundamentals 7. Climbing Grades, Explained 8. General Tips and Advice for New Climbers 9. Your Responsibility as a Climber 10.A Simplified Climbing Glossary 11.Useful Bonus Materials More topics at mojagear.com/content 4 Michael Lim 5 A Brief History of Climbing Prior to the evolution of modern rock climbing, the most daring ambitions revolved around peak-bagging in alpine terrain. The concept of climbing a rock face, not necessarily reaching the top of the mountain, was a foreign concept that seemed trivial by comparison. However, by the late 1800s, rock climbing began to evolve into its very own sport. There are 3 areas credited as the birthplace of rock climbing: 1. -
Climbers' Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource And
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Molly T. Burns for the degree of Master of Science in Forest Resources presented on December 4, 2014 Title: Climbers’ Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource and Crowding Impacts in Yosemite Valley Abstract approved: ________________________________________________________ Joanne F. Tynon As more people become interested in rock climbing, the need to understand climbers and their preferences and how their activities impact the resource are more vital than ever. With increased use, and with little empirical data about the Yosemite climbing community, park managers cannot adequately develop a comprehensive climbing management plan. The objectives of this research are to use a theoretically based survey instrument to measure Yosemite NP climbers’ level of support for different management strategies. I used chi-square analysis to evaluate the relationship between my independent variables, climbers’ self identified skill level and dependent variables, climbers’ perceived crowding and support for different resource and social based management actions. I found a relationship between climbers’ experience level and their support for resource based management actions. This suggests to managers that managing climbing impacts, either resource based or social impacts, should focus on managing the resource by using restoration techniques, or providing signs or maps to direct climbers to climbing areas. ©Copyright by Molly T. Burns December 4, 2014 All Rights Reserved Climbers’ Preferred Management Actions: Addressing Resource and Crowding Impacts in Yosemite Valley by Molly T. Burns A THESIS Submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Presented December 4, 2014 Commencement June 2015 Master of Science thesis of Molly T. -
A Historical Geography of Yosemite Valley Climbing Landscapes J
Journal of Historical Geography 32 (2006) 190e219 www.elsevier.com/locate/jhg Mapping adventure: a historical geography of Yosemite Valley climbing landscapes J. Taylor Departments of History and Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, V5A 1S6 Abstract Climbing guidebooks are invaluable resources for examining how modern recreation has inscribed val- ues onto public landscapes. The history of rock climbing in Yosemite Valley is particularly instructive be- cause it was a principal location for modern rock climbing and influenced modern environmental thought. Examining climbing guidebooks for Yosemite Valley also reveals a cultural shift during the 1960s in how climbers represented themselves and their deeds. New trends in route descriptions and naming practices re- flected shifts in social mores, environmental conditions, and sporting behavior. Guidebooks produced since 1970 suggest a coarsening progression in sport and an altered community demography, yet these texts also illustrate how change reinforced climbing’s values and customs. Ó 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Yosemite; Guidebooks; History; Gender; Recreation In August 1933 a young San Francisco lawyer named Peter Starr hiked into the Sierra Nevada wilderness and disappeared. A huge search ensued, complete with elite climbing teams and the first ever use of airplanes in a Sierra search and rescue. Three weeks later another climber found Starr’s body on a ledge of the steep, previously unclimbed northeastern face of Michael Minaret. Peter Starr’s death rocked genteel California. News reports and polite society obsessed about him, but at the service Francis Farquhar, president of the Sierra Club, transformed Starr from victim to hero. -
Rating System
What are rock climbing grades / ratings? Grades are a means of estimating the difficulty of a climb. The main purpose of grades is to determine if you should even bother going to an area (or if it will too hard / easy). There is no science involved when determining the grade of a climb. Grades are simply an opinion. Grades are traditionally assigned by the climber who completed the first ascent of the climb. Tips on utilizing grades Do not take grades too seriously. A common misinterpretation of grades is after you can climb grade 'X' at your home crag you can climb grade 'X' anywhere. The technique involved in granite, limestone and sandstone are unique. Unique angles as well as textures of rock require individual skills. Indoor grades and outdoor grades rarely coincide (plus the art of 'route finding' is not found in the gym). Grades are a guide. Sandbagging is common. Sandbagging In the rock climbing world 'Sandbagging' refers to giving a climb an easier grade then it deserves. An example is a climb that would typically be rated as 5.10+ being rated as 5.9- (YDS). Sandbagging is very common in older crags when the grading system was still being developed. Due to tradition the original grade of a climb will be listed in most guide books. Yosemite Decimal System (YDS) Yosemite Decimal System is a grading system commonly found in the United States. The basic concept behind the Yosemite Decimal System is simple and utilizes the following format: Format: Class.Sub_Grade Suffix Danger_Factor Example: 5.11b R (5 is Class, 11 is Sub_Grade, b is Suffix and R is Danger Factor). -
Quantifying the Risk in Adventure Ross Cloutier Methods of Assessing Risk
without the consent of author. 10/12 This document may not be reproduced Quantifying the Risk in Adventure Ross Cloutier Methods of Assessing Risk 1. Active management of the largest risks – Those most prominent and well known 2. High/medium/low classification of risks – Two dimensional analysis of L-M-H impact and L-M-H probability without the consent of author. 10/12 This document may not be reproduced 3. Statistical analysis – An attempt to move beyond best guess estimates to probability distribution models Accident Statistics Applied to an Average Adventure Business If, – 2,500 client days per year – 2,500 x 10 years = 25,000 client days – 6 hours per day activity time without the consent of author. 10/12 This document may not be reproduced – 6 x 25,000 = 150,000 client hours over 10 years – This is approximately1/7 of 1 million hours (15%) – If the business met adventure industry average of 40 events (injuries)/1million hrs, then we could expect 6 events over 10 years – We could also expect .75 fatalities over 10 years or 1 every 200,000 hours Comparative Adventure Statistics (Old data) – Adventure sport death rate = 5 deaths per 1 million hours of client exposure – National accidental death rate (all causes) = without the consent of author. 10/12 This document may not be reproduced 1 death per 1 million hours of exposure – Vehicle death rate = 7 deaths per 1 million hours – Adventure injuries = 40 per 1 million hours – Vehicle & football injuries = 60 per 1 million hours NOLS Injury & Illness Statistics (2007-2011) Injuries (average 212 per year) • 6% of students are injured • 49% of injured students are evacuated • 43% of injuries are sprains, strains, tendon injuries without the consent of author. -
International Rock Climbing Research Association Position Statement
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by UDORA - University of Derby Online Research Archive Comparative grading scales, statistical analyses, climber descriptors and ability grouping: International Rock Climbing Research Association Position Statement NICK DRAPER1,2, DAVID GILES1, VOLKER SCHÖFFL3, FRANZ KONSTANTIN FUSS4, PHILLIP B. WATTS5, PETER WOLF6, JIŘÍ BALÁŠ 7, VANESA ESPAÑA ROMERO8, GINA BLUNT GONZALEZ9, SIMON FRYER10, MAURIZIO FANCHINI11, LAURENT VIGOUROUX12, LUDOVIC SEIFERT13, LARS DONATH14, MANUEL SPOERRI15, KELIOS BONETTI16, KEVIN C. PHILLIPS5, URS STÖCKER17, FÉLIX BOURASSA-MOREAU18, INMACULADA GARRIDO19, SCOTT DRUM5, STUART BEEKMEYER20, JEAN-LUC ZILTENER21, NICOLA TAYLOR1, INA BEERETZ22, FRANZISKA MALLY23,4, ARIF MITHAT AMCA24, CAROLINE LINHAT25, EDGARDO AC ABREU26 1Department of Life Sciences, College of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, United Kingdom, 2School of Sport and Physical Education, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 3Dept. of Sportsorthopedics, Sportsmedicine, Klinikum Bamberg, Germany, 4 School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia, 5School of Health and Human Performance, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, USA, 6 Sensory-Motor Systems Lab, ETH Zurich, Switzerland, 7Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic, 8Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain, 9Department of Health, Wellness, and Human Performance, Morehead State University, Morehead, KY, USA, 10University of Gloucestershire, School of Sport and Exercise, Gloucester, United Kingdom, 11Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Italy, 12 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM UMR 7287, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France, 13CETAPS lab., Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France 14Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland, 15Dr. -
Alpine Scrambling Program 2020 Student Manual Colorado Mountain Club Denver Group
1 ALPINE SCRAMBLING PROGRAM 2020 STUDENT MANUAL COLORADO MOUNTAIN CLUB DENVER GROUP ASC Mission: To provide the skills necessary for CMC members to safely climb Colorado’s highest 100 peaks. 2 Rev: 11/18/2019 3 I. ALPINE SCRAMBLING PROGRAM: OVERVIEW AND GENERAL INFORMATION ALPINE SCRAMBLING COURSE Safety Lecture #1: Thu, May 21 Location: CMC Conference Room A Time: 6:00pm - 9:30pm Safety Lecture #2: Thu, May 28 Location: CMC Conference Room A Time: 6:00pm - 9:30pm Contingency Day: Wed, Jun 03 Location: CMC Conference Room A Time: 6:00pm - 9:30pm Skills Field Day: Students select Sat, June 6 or Sun, June 7 Location: TBD Time: 5:00am - 6:00pm Contingency Field Day in case of bad weather: Sat/Sun, June 13/June 14 5:00am Attendance at both Safety Lectures and the Skills Field Day are a prerequisite to participate in the Elective Scrambles field days. Within the current session there is no provision to make-up a missed Course event so please ensure you are available for these dates. ELECTIVE SCRAMBLES Throughout the summer, students that successfully complete the ASC Course will be provided the opportunity to participate with the Elective Scrambles. Successful completion of the three, progressively harder, Elective Scrambles will be required for the student to complete the ASC Program. The Elective Scrambles will be arranged so that the month of June will be dedicated to easier scrambles which will help the student immerse more gradually, as well as helping the instructor team determine suitability for the more challenging follow-on scrambles. July will be dedicated to scrambles of moderate difficulty and August will be focused on the harder more challenging scrambles. -
Other Chapters 1. Introduction 2. Grading Around the World
--------- multipitchclimbing.com --------- Back to Other Chapters In this chapter (which isn’t included in main book) we explore what the grade of a climb means, and although the same basic approach is used by all free rock climbing grading systems, there are subtle differences that are worth understanding if you plan on visiting other countries. The chapter ends with an extended discussion of the system used in the UK, as this is probably the most difficult system to understand. Chapter Contents 1 Introduction / 2 Grading around the World / 3 Euroland / 4 YDS / 5 Other Systems / 6 Aid Grades / 7 More on UK Grades 1. Introduction There is clearly a need to be sensible about what grade you can climb however short the route. For longer routes you also need to consider how many pitches of the relevant grade you can climb quickly. If you take a rucksack it will knock several grades off your ability even if it doesn’t weigh very much. On big multi-pitch routes it is well worth reading the guidebook or looking at the topo carefully. You don’t want to be shut down by a type of climbing you have done little of high on the route - for example, a person-eating offwidth. An extremely useful approach is timing yourself on a series of single and multi-pitch routes. Try and find out how long each element: leading, seconding, setting the belay, re-racking, stripping the belay etc. takes, and how this changes as the climbing gets harder or switches from bolt protected to trad. -
Sample Minimum Standard
Minimum Clubwide Standards The Mountaineers Climbing Application This standard applies to club-sponsored climbing activities. It applies to any committee sponsoring a climbing trip, including, but not limited to branch climbing committees. Definitions Basic Climbs are summit routes with a difficulty rating of Grade I and occasionally Grade II that involve: • Class 3, 4, or low 5th class rock; and/or • Steep and possibly hard snow that may require crampons • Glacier travel Class refers to a rating for rock climbing difficulty using the Yosemite Decimal System as described in Appendix A of Mountaineering: Freedom of the Hills, 7th Edition. Ratings for specific routes may be found in Cascade Alpine Guide, Volumes I, II, and III and other climbing guidebooks. Crag Climbs are 5th class rock climbs on routes located within a short distance from a parking area. Grade refers to a rating of a climb’s overall difficulty using the National Climbing Classification System. Ratings for specific routes may be found in Cascade Alpine Guide, Volumes I, II, and III and other climbing guidebooks. Intermediate Climbs are routes with a difficulty rating of Grade II or higher, generally with a summit as the destination. Some Grade II routes may be considered Basic Climbs. Trips Climbing trips will be rated with these categories, and the rating must be available to participants when they sign up. Basic Climbs BR (Basic Rock): The route will include one or more pitches of class 4 to low 5th class rock BA (Basic Alpine): The route will include at least one of these challenges: • Steep or hard snow • Class 3-4 rock (usually with no more than one roped pitch) • Glacier travel (less than one hour during the ascent) BG (Basic Glacier): The route will include one hour or more of glacier travel during the ascent Intermediate Climbs IR (Int. -
Backyard Everests Nothing Beats the Rush of a Good Summit. but There's
wonderland: Mt. alice rises above rocky Mountain national park’s wild basin. hike to its base via the lion lakes trail, just two hours froM denver. More info on page 72. Get bonus rock routes on these peaks in our sister magazine’s current issue. Nothing beats the rush of a good summit. But there’s no need to climb Denali to get an eagle’s sense of freedom. Just a stone’s throw from major metro areas around Backyard Everests America, these 15 peaks offer close-to-home heaven-scraping. By Brendan Leonard 64 BACKPACKER 09.201111.2009 Photo by imagesofrmnP.com 09.2011 BACKPACKER 65 eternal sunshine: with [los ANGElEs] 20-hour DAYS in LATE june, this is as DARK as it gets in the CHILKAT river Lone Pine Peak VALLEY. iNyo NAtioNAl FoREst Climb without crowds to the state’s top mountain view. From Lone Pine Peak’s blocky granite under the imposing east face of Mt. Irvine. In the morning—with a pre- ElEvAtioN 12,944 feet summit, you’ll score pulpit-in-cathedral dawn start to beat near daily afternoon thunderstorms—head south views of the jagged mountains of the to the class 2 talus chute on the peak’s northwest side and climb it Sierra, including a full third of California’s for 1,500 vertical feet. Head left at the summit plateau and stay right GAiN Fourteeners—and you’ll likely have those to avoid the false summits on the ridge on the way to the top. After 5,000 feet vistas all to yourself. -
Scales of Difficulty in Climbing
SCALES OF DIFFICULTY IN CLIMBING G. Mandelli, A. Angriman, Central School of Mountaineering – CAI, Italy (translation by G. Coppadoro – CAI) INTRODUCTION In this article, we analyze the main systems used to classify the difficulty of climbing on different terrains such as rock, ice, and mixed terrain, trying to offer a starting point to create a minimum of historical and critical knowledge of those that are commonly known as "Scale of Difficulty." Too often, the gradations of the difficulties are used in an very confused way, and this may create confusion to climbers going to undertake an ascension of any kind. Therefore, it is necessary to know and distinguish the numerous evaluation systems that are used in order to really understand and be able to compare different climbing relations. In addition to reviewing strengths and weaknesses of various scales used in climbing and mountaineering activities, we try to understand why it is appropriate to indicate the difficulty of a climb. A DIFFICULTY: WHO WILL EVALUATE IT AND HOW IT WILL BE EVALUATED While climbing, it is not always easy to determine the difficulty of the last passage, or of an entire length of rope. In most cases, the "law of comparison", or sampling, is applied, that in the mind of a climber compares the current situation with other situations already experienced (difficulty). It can therefore safely be said that the more situations (experiences) the climber has experienced, the more a correct evaluation of the difficulty is given, although, as in any human activity, there is a risk of subjectivity. Obviously, for classifying a passage it cannot be objectively possible to quantify the magnitude of footings and supports, the fragility of the ice, or the instability of snow masses.