TURTON SCHOOL HISTORY DEPARTMENT – KNOWLEDGE ORGANISER – GCSE

Conflict and Tension: 1918 ‐ 1939 Part 1: The Aims of the peacemakers The Versailles Settlement Impact of the treaty and wider settlement

Georges Clemenceau – Prime Minister of These are the key points of the Versailles Settlement. Germany felt the Treaty of Versailles was unfair and France. Clemenceau was recognised as a  Article 231 was the War Guilt Clause – this meant felt humiliated. tough and uncompromising politician. He Germany and their allies had to take full There were revolts in Germany when the government wanted to cripple Germany to make sure responsibility for the war. signed the Treaty. that it was never powerful enough to attack  German Army was limited to 100,000 men and The Wiemar Constitution, rules for a new democratic France again. Clemenceau also wanted to conscription was not allowed. Germany are drawn up. reduce is armed forces and make Germany  The Rhineland, between France and Germany, was pay compensation for the damage caused to demilitarised. This meant Germany could not put January 1923 – Germany missies a reparations France. troops here. payment and France invades the Rhur (a key German  Germany had to pay war reparations of £6.6 billion. industrial area). – Prime Minister of  Anschluss (political union between Germany and November 1923 – Hyperinflation takes effect and Britain. Lloyd George was elected by the Austria) was forbidden. everyday goods increase in price. A loaf of bread British public because he promised to make  Germany was not allowed any tanks or an air force. costs 200,000 million marks. Germany pay. Many young British men had  Germany was not allowed to join the League of August 1924 – America lends Germany 800 million died in the war and the public wanted Nations. marks to help rebuild their economy (The Dawes revenge but Lloyd George was more  The Saar was placed under the control of the League Plan). cautious than Clemenceau. He was of Nations for 15 years. concerned that if Germany was treated too  Germany lost 10% of its land including Alsace harshly they would want revenge. Lorraine which was handed to France.

 Germany’s colonies in Africa were given to the – President of the USA. League of Nations to govern as a mandate. This Most Americans did not see the need for meant Britain and France controlled them. revenge against Germany. Wilson was

concerned that being too strict against Other treaties included: Germany would start another war. Wilson Treaty of Trianon – Hungry was an idealist and saw the way to prevent Treaty of Sèvres – Ottoman Empire war as a world parliament called the League Treaty of Neuilly – Bulgaria of Nations. Wilson had a number of ideas for the future which Treaty of Saint‐Germain – Austria were called his ‘Fourteen Points’.

Conflict and Tension: 1918 ‐ 1939 Part 1 – The Treaty of Versailles