MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT BASE INFORMATION FOR TARGETED RISK – BASED REGULATION

FREE STATE PROVINCE

STATUS AT JULY 2009

FREE STATE

INDEX

A. Context 3 B. Purpose of Report: Risk-Based Assessment 4 C. Overview of the Free State Wastewater Treatment Works 5 D. Licensing Status of Wastewater Treatment Works in the Free State 8 E. Receiving Plans Vs Design Capacity 11 F. WSA / WSP Arrangements, Technology used and Compliance Standards 17 G. Effluent Quality Non-Compliance Trends 21 H. Technical Skills Gap Analysis 30 I. Weighted Prioritisation of Potentially High Risk WWTW 42 J. Conclusions and Recommendations 47

All assessment data and information reflected in the Risk Based Assessments, its Executive Summaries and electronic data sheets are property of the Department of Water Affairs. It has been developed- and paid for under the national Wastewater Regulatory Programme 2008/09 (DWA Water Services Regulations). It is illegal to sell this material for profit. Would the material be reproduced or quoted, DWA should be acknowledged and referenced. Page 2 of 55

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A. CONTEXT

South Africa has build a substantial wastewater management industry that comprises of approximately 9 70 treatment plants, extensive pipe networks, and pump stations, transporting and treating an average of 7 589 000 kilolitres of wastewater on a daily basis. The country runs a prominent wastewater treatment business with capital replacement value of >R 23 billion and operational expenditure of >R 3.5 b per annum. Frost and Sullivan (2006) estimate the value of the RSA water and wastewater treatment equipment market at US$ 135m, with growth at 3.8%. This revenue share was split by treatment segment as 34.5% water treatment, and 65.2% water treatment with an end producer breakdown as 44.2% municipal, 50.6% industrial and 5.2% commercial. South Africa is yet to explore and respond to the market sector that deals with reuse, reclamation and innovative technologies amidst increasing pressures on water resources (climate change, decreasing water quality, decreased dilution potential, etc). Free State owns and operations 101 small, medium, large and macro-sized wastewater treatment works (WWTW’s).

For decades, South Africa has been recognised for their leading research in wastewater treatment technology, science and engineering, complimented by the development and management of sanitation infrastructure. However, a national survey on Wastewater Treatment in South Africa (DWA August 2006) reported findings indicating that a significant number of sewage treatment plants are not properly operated and maintained and discharge poor quality effluent to streams and rivers. This situation impacts directly on the downstream water users, the quality of natural waters and the cost & availability of potable water and its treatment in South Africa. At that time, Minister Hendricks expressed her concern “that a number of the wastewater treatment works have failed in recent times. DWA takes this very seriously and has initiated several actions to ensure that the sector takes suitable mitigation and preventative actions. Our primary focus is to gain a full understanding of the factors causing and affecting their recent wastewater treatment problems and to intervene appropriately so that all municipalities regain effective and sustainable services.”

Recent investigations and audits quantify the status of wastewater services and compliance with the respective Water Acts and confirm that this situation must be addressed as a matter of urgency. The Minister’s message and concern regarding the state of rivers and the status of wastewater treatment in the country was carried throughout the year 2008 at a number of prominent events, including her addresses to Parliament, the National Water Summit, the WISA conference and the Municipal Indaba. She announced a number of measures, which include (but not limited to):  that initial audit is to be extended to all wastewater treatment plants  that special attention is given to the regulation of the sector which includes accountability, performance monitoring and legal intervention  continuous one-on-one intervention is taking place.

The Minister of DWA stated at the launch of Masibambane III that DWA has been going through institutional restructuring for some time and that the final phase of this restructuring is being entered into. The focus of support for Masibambane III is based on the need to address challenges mentioned above; to support the institutional realignment, build efficient institutions for effective water service provision, and support sustainable water resource management via (but not limited to):  transferring department-owned water services schemes and operations to water service authorities (municipalities);  and ensuring effective service delivery by competent water services authorities and institutions.

The function of wastewater treatment lies primarily with Water Service Authorities and their Providers to operate and maintain the physical infrastructure and the chemical/biological processes. As Sector Leader, DWA has an oversight and regulatory role. DWA is intensifying its efforts to determine and improve the status of WWTW’s in South Africa. An extensive assessment and intervention plan is geared towards assisting WSA/WSP’s to improve their technically proficiency and legal compliance with effluent discharge specifications. Mobilisation of all necessary resources, funds and political commitment is required to rectify cases of non-compliances.

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At the same time, regulatory role of DWA is strengthening and ‘regulatory driven support’ is geared to address areas of non-compliance and rectifying situations of continued non-compliance via the Enforcement Protocol process. To facilitate DWA’s role as Regulator, they have brought about the National Water Services Regulation Strategy (NWSRS), which provides a clear statement of strategic intent about regulating the water and sanitation services sector in South Africa. The Strategy is based on the logic that a prioritised and strategic use of the available regulatory resources will have greater impact if these resources are concentrated and used to address areas of key risk, at the same time as building the necessary foundations for the development of more comprehensive and effective regulation over time.

High level assessment of wastewater management status in Gauteng, Western- and Free State are amongst the first to be done, in order to provide a scientific and factual basis from where DWA and municipalities can proceed to rectify, monitor and maintain wastewater services on a national scale.

B. PURPOSE OF REPORT:RISK-BASED ASSESSMENT

This Executive Summary is an extract of a more comprehensive desktop assessment of all the Wastewater Treatment Works (WWTW) within the Free State. The purpose of this report is to provide a priority list of WWTW with potentially high risk profiles based on:

 Status of hydraulic design capacity and actual flow received  Status of effluent quality as compared to legal discharge standards  Status of technical and health/safety skills and compliance to legal requirements

In the national survey of wastewater treatment, as reported in the WRC report: “Wastewater Treatment in South Africa: Field Evaluation of the Status and Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants” it was recognised that the performance of a wastewater treatment plant depends on a number of diverse factors including:

 The plants resources available to operate and maintain the plant  Wastewater flow and pollution load received at the plant compared to the original design flow/load  Appropriate treatment technology installed  Stakeholder expectations and requirements.

Therefore, the generic protocol for plant evaluation considers a facility within the context of the following:

 Resources available to operate and maintain the plant, including the plant treatment infrastructure, staff allocation to operate and maintain the plant, financial resources to cover all plant-related expenses and information resources to assist plant management  Plant performance is based on developing an understanding of the wastewater flows and associated load treated at the plant, efficiency of individual unit treatment processes, plant effluent quality and acceptable sludge handling and disposal  Stakeholders’ needs and requirements including the plant owners and operators, the community being served and the regulatory authorities. These needs are typically evaluated in terms of compliance with licences/permits, environmental impacts and risks to neighbouring communities

This risk-based (desktop) assessment does not aim to provide an in-depth evaluation, but rather to provide high level management information and guidance to decision-makers. The Report will assist to describe and identify prioritise WWTWs in the Free State on a higher (first order) level, and may direct that more comprehensive assessments be commissioned to uncover specific details of compliance and performance, and causes underlying those.

From the information that is available on from the Risk-based Assessment, the following summaries can be developed:

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C. OVERVIEW OF THE FREE STATE WASTEWATER TREATMENT WORKS

Generally accepted, wastewater treatment plants can be categorised in the following size categories: • micro size plants <0.5 Mℓ/day; • small size plants 0.5-2 Mℓ/day (General Authorisations could apply); • medium size plants 2-10 Mℓ/day; • large size plants 10-25 Mℓ/day; • macro size plants >25 Mℓ/day.

In the WRC report: Wastewater Treatment in South Africa: From Crisis to Compliance, it is commented that the regional distribution of WWTP sizes show some distinct differences between provinces, when considering the regional information:

 the Western Cape’s spread of wastewater treatment plant sizes is similar to the national situation;  Gauteng province has a relatively high number of medium and large WWTPs, with fewer micro and small size plants;  Eastern Cape, Northern Cape, Mpumalanga and Limpopo provinces mainly have micro size and small size plants;  the other provinces, including North West, KwaZulu Natal and Free State have a wider spread of WWTP sizes across all the plant size categories.

The following conclusions were drawn from the available information: Size Distribution of Wastewater Treatment Works in South Africa >25 Mℓ/Day 7%

10-25 Mℓ/Day 10%

<0.5 Mℓ/Day 50% 2-10 Mℓ/Day 21%

0.5-2 Mℓ/Day 11%

 Micro size plants, treating less than 0.5 Mℓ per day, constitute approximately half of all treatment plant facilities in South Africa. This provides the perspective that, in terms of selecting appropriate technology, management, operational and maintenance support, the numerous micro plants should not be neglected;

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Works Size Micro Size Small Size Medium Size Large Size Macro Size Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants <0.5 Mℓ/Day; 0.5-2 Mℓ/Day; 2-10 Mℓ/Day; 10-25 Mℓ/Day; >25 Mℓ/Day. No of WWTW 16 27 41 14 3 % of works 16 27 41 14 3 Bloemdustria Arlington Allanridge (A/S) Bethlehem Sasolburg Bethulie Boshof Allanridge (O/P) Botshabelo Bloemspruit Edenville Clarens Bainsvlei Ficksburg Witpan Memel Clocolan Bothaville Harrismith Oranjeville Dealesville Brandfort Kroonstad Philippolis Edenburg Bultfontein Virginia Reddersburg Excelsior Deneysville Parys Rosendal Fauresmith Dewetsdorp Theronia Smithfield Fouriesburg Elands River Thabong Steynsrus Hoopstad Frankfort Phutaditjhaba (B/F) Verkeerdevlei Koffiefontein Gariep Dam Groenpunt Cornelia Makwane Heilbron Hobhouse Soutpan (Old) Moeding Hennenman Luckhoff Tikwana Petrusburg Jacobsdal Soutpan (New) Warden Trompsburg Jagersfontein Rouxville Tweeling Kestell Tweespruit Koppies Villiers Kutlwanong Wesselsbron Ladybrand

Winburg Lindley Zastron Marquard Kragbron Mmamahabane

WWTW WWTW Namahadi Northern Works Oppermans Odendaalsrus (A/S) Phutaditjhaba Odendaalsrus (O/P) (B/F) Springfontein Paul Roux Vierfontein Petrus Steyn Phomolong Reitz Senekal Thaba Nchu Theunissen Van Stadensrus Vrede Viljoenskroon Vredefort 2 Welvaart 1.54 Northern Works Wepener Hertzogville Holly Country Whites

 Small plants in the size range of 1 – 5 Mℓ per day are also numerous and constitute as much as a quarter of all wastewater treatment plants in South Africa. This again constitutes a large number of plants which fill a specific make in terms of management, operations and maintenance;  The medium and large plants category includes the other quarter of the wastewater treatment facilities in South Africa. The medium and larger plants would typically have access to better management, operations and maintenance resources.

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The spread in the Free State shows that 40% of plants falls within the Medium size category, with 27% comprise of small size WWTW’s. The breakdown of the WWTW for Free State in terms of size is as follows: Distribution of WWTW in Free State

Macro Size Plants >25 Mℓ/Day. 3% Micro Size Plants <0.5 Mℓ/Day; Large Size Plants 10-25 16% Mℓ/Day; 14%

Small Size Plants 0.5-2 Mℓ/Day; 27%

Medium Size Plants 2-10 Mℓ/Day; 40%

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D. Licensing Status of Wastewater Treatment Works in Free State

The status of licensing, although not critically impacting on health or environment, is a legislative requirement, and forms a crucial aspect in water resource planning and allocation. The status of licensing for the works is indicated in the following table.

Name Of WWTW Type Of Authorization License/ Permit No Comment Responsible Authority Allanridge (A/S) Exemption Permit 1232B Matjhabeng LM Allanridge (O/P) Exemption Permit 1232B Matjhabeng LM Arlington Exemption Permit 1915B Nketoana LM Bainsvlei Exemption Permit 1903B exp. 2004 Mangaung LM Bethlehem Exemption Permit 1906B Dihlabeng LM Bethulie Exemption Permit Not Provided Kopanong LM Bloemdustria GA Not Provided Mangaung LM Bloemspruit Exemption Permit 842B Mangaung LM Boshof No License in Place No License in Place Tokologo LM Bothaville License 10060857 exp. 2003 Nala LM Botshabelo Exemption Permit 2082B exp. 2004 Mangaung LM Brandfort Permit 1323B Masilonyana LM Bultfontein Exemption Permit 644B Tswelopele LM Clarens No License in Place No License in Place Dihlabeng LM Clocolan No License in Place No License in Place Setsoto LM Cornelia Undetermined Undetermined Mafube LM Dealesville Exemption Permit 1279B Tokologo LM Deneysville Exemption Permit Not Provided Metsimaholo LM Dewetsdorp Exemption Permit 158B Naledi LM Edenberg Exemption Permit 1842B exp. 2004 Kopanong LM Edenville No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Ngwathe LM Elands No License in Place No License in Place Maluti A Phofung LM Excelsior No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Mantsopa LM Fauresmith Exemption Permit 1846B Kopanong LM Ficksburg No License in Place No License in Place Application in draft Setsoto LM Fouriesburg No License in Place No License in Place Dihlabeng LM Frankfort No License in Place No License in Place Mafube LM Gariep Dam No License in Place No License in Place Kopanong LM Groenpunt Undetermined Undetermined Mangaung LM Harrismith Exemption Permit Not Provided Maluti A Phofung LM Heilbron Exemption Permit 1589B Ngwathe LM Hennenman Exemption Permit 924B Matjhabeng LM Hertzogville No License in Place No License in Place Tokologo LM Hobhouse No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Mantsopa LM Holly Country Undetermined Undetermined Metsimaholo LM Hoopstad Exemption Permit 996B Tswelopele LM Jacobsdal Exemption Permit Not Provided exp. 2004 Letsemeng LM Jagersfontein Exemption Permit 1908B Kopanong LM Kestell No License in Place No License in Place Maluti A Phofung LM Koffiefontein Exemption Permit 1601B Letsemeng LM Koppies Exemption Permit 1907B Ngwathe LM Kragbron Undetermined Undetermined Ngwathe LM Kroonstad Exemption Permit 1658B Requires new License Moqhaka LM Kutlwanong Exemption Permit Not Provided Matjhabeng LM Lady Brand No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Mantsopa LM Lindley Permit 543B Nketoana LM Luckhoff No License in Place No License in Place Letsemeng LM Makwane Undetermined Undetermined Letsemeng LM

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Marquard No License in Place No License in Place Setsoto LM Mmamahabane Exemption Permit 1197B Matjhabeng LM Memel Undetermined Undetermined Phumelela LM Moeding Undetermined Undetermined Setsoto LM Namahadi No License in Place No License in Place Mafube LM Northern Works Exemption Permit 2087B exp. 2005 Mangaung LM Odendaalsrus Exemption Permit Not Provided Matjhabeng LM (A/S) Odendaalsrus Exemption Permit Not Provided Matjhabeng LM (O/P) Oppermans No License in Place No License in Place Letsemeng LM Oranjeville Exemption Permit Not Provided Metsimaholo Parys Exemption Permit 1609B Ngwathe LM Paul Roux No License in Place No License in Place Dihlabeng LM Petrus Steyn Exemption Permit Not Provided Nketoana LM Petrusburg Exemption Permit Not Provided Letsemeng LM Philippolis Exemption Permit 1912B Kopanong LM Phutaditjhaba #1 No License in Place No License in Place Maluti A Phofung LM Phutaditjhaba #2 No License in Place No License in Place Maluti A Phofung LM Phomolong No License in Place No License in Place Matjhabeng LM Reddersburg Exemption Permit 1843B Kopanong LM Reitz Undetermined Undetermined Nketoana LM Rosendal No License in Place No License in Place Dihlabeng LM Rouxville GA Not Provided Mohokare LM Sasolburg Undetermined Undetermined Mohokare LM Senekal Exemption Permit 352B Setsoto LM Smithfield License Not Provided exp. 2005 Mohokare LM Soutpan (Old) No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Masilonyana LM Soutpan (New) No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Masilonyana LM Springfontein No License in Place No License in Place Kopanong LM Steynsrus Permit 1020B Moqhaka LM Thaba Nchu Exemption Permit 2085B exp. 2005 Mangaung LM Thabong Exemption Permit 247B Matjhabeng LM Theronia Exemption Permit 248B Matjhabeng LM Theunissen Exemption Permit 1793B Masilonyana LM Tikwana Exemption Permit 1187B Tswelopele LM Trompsburg GA Not Provided Kopanong LM Tweeling Undetermined Undetermined Mafube LM Tweespruit No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Mantsopa LM Van Stadensrus No License in Place No License in Place GA Required Naledi LM Verkeerdevlei No License in Place No License in Place Masilonyana LM Vierfontein Exemption Permit 965B Moqhaka LM Viljoenskroon No License in Place No License in Place Moqhaka LM Villiers Exemption Permit Not Provided Mafube LM Virginia Exemption Permit 201B Matjhabeng LM Vrede No License in Place No License in Place Phumelela LM Vredefort No License in Place No License in Place Metsimaholo LM Warden Exemption Permit 1233B Phumelela LM Welvaart No License in Place No License in Place Mangaung LM Wepener Exemption Permit Not Provided Naledi LM Wesselsbron Exemption Permit Not Provided Nala LM Whites Undetermined Undetermined Nala LM Winburg No License in Place No License in Place Masilonyana LM Witpan Exemption Permit 249B Matjhabeng LM Zastron No License in Place No License in Place Mohokare LM

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Due to the numerous other functions that form part of the WSA / Municipalities, it is observed that in ensuring that correct licences and registration of works is applied for and concluded, this activity often receives a lower priority as compared to meeting the basic service demands, etc. It is recommended that DWA assists municipalities in verifying their registration and licenses. From past experience in this matter, it is cautioned that the support may need to be extended to support the preparation of the license by the WSA, based on the necessary license application document – especially in the cases of lower capacity WSA’s.

The Risk-based Assessment also shows that information on the compliance of WWTWs, in terms of Schedule III and IV of the National Water Act and Regulation 2834 of the Water Act, is not readily available (or at the required detail) at the Works. This shows a general non-compliance trend with the requirements that allows for qualified/experienced supervisors, process controllers and maintenance staff in accordance with the works Classification.

Due to the numerous other functions that form part of the WSA, actions to ensure that licences and registration of works are often given a lower priority as compared to meeting the basic service demands, etc. It is recommended that DWA assists municipalities in verifying their registration and licenses. From past experience in this matter, it is cautioned that the support should be extended to support the preparation on behalf of the WSA, the necessary license application document.

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E. Receiving Flow Vs Design Capacity

The average flow as a percentage of the design capacity provides an overview of problematic works (those operating at- or exceeding the design capacity are marked in RED) which are in urgent need of expansion, rehabilitation, refurbishment or upgrading, augmentation, and redressing management of the inflows. This list provides insight in the current problematic works, when focussing only on flow related capacity. Some of the works have an inflow less than its original design capacity, but due to maintenance problems the actual capacity of the works has been reduced, to such an extent that the plant is unable to process the inflow it received, even though this was below design capacity. Such problem WWTWs can only be detected from the effluent quality analysis and then be verified by site inspections.

The chart at the end of this section shows the Average Daily Inflow as a percentage of the Hydraulic Design Capacity of each WWTW. It can be seen (RED) that a number of works that operate at design capacity (= 100%), or exceed their design capacity (> 100%). Those WWTWs that depict a percentage of 151% (ORANGE) have hydraulic design capacities and/or average daily flows that remain unknown and therefore are attributed the highest risk rating in accordance with the known size category of the Works as indicated in section 2.1 in this document.

The most problematic in this regard are as indicated in the table to follow. The extent to which the works are operating close to, and at the 100% capacity or exceeding it (RED), account for at least 20% of the WWTWs in Free State, as is indicated in the table below. The WWTWs highlighted in GREEN are operating below their respective design capacities but those WWTWs that are operating above 80% would necessitate some short-to-medium term planning, i.e. the rehabilitation, upgrading or expansion of the respective WWTWs should already be in the various stages of planning, tendering or implementation (construction).

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Average Flow as % of Design Capacity 28

200% 0 180%

Hundreds 160%

140%

120%

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Reitz

Parys

Vrede

Villiers

Kestell

Memel

Whites

Boshof Lindley

Virginia

Elands

Clarens

Warden

Koppies

Cornelia

Senekal Tikwana

Clocolan

Heilbron

Winburg

Bainsvlei

Bethulie

Theronia

Thabong

Luckhoff

Excelsior

Moeding

Edenville

Welvaart

Tweeling

Rouxville Wepener

Rosendal

Arlington

Frankfort

Kragbron

Mbabane

Ficksburg

Edenberg

Vredefort

Brandfort

Hoopstad Makwane

Jacobsdal

Marquard

Sasolburg

Bothaville

Paul Roux Paul

Namahadi

Philippolis Smithfield

Hobhouse Steynsrus

Oranjeville

Groenpunt

Bethlehem

Harrismith Kroonstad

Dealesville

Vierfontein

Petrusburg

Lady Brand Lady

Fauresmith

Tweespruit

Theunissen

Deneysville

Bultfontein

Botshabelo

Phomolong

Gariep Dam Gariep

Oppermans

Thaba Nchu Thaba

Fouriesburg

Hertzogville

Bloemspruit

Kutlwanong

Trompsburg

Dewetsdorp

Petrus Steyn Petrus

Wesselsbron

Reddersburg

Hennenman

Bloemdustria Koffiefontein

Holly Country Holly

Viljoenskroon

Verkeerdevlei

Springfontein

Jagersfontein

Soutpan (Old) Soutpan

Van Stadensrus Van

Allanridge (A/S) Allanridge

Soutpan (New) Soutpan

Allanridge (O/P) Allanridge

Northern Works Northern

Phutaditjhaba #1 Phutaditjhaba

Phutaditjhaba #2 Phutaditjhaba

Odendaalsrus (A/S) Odendaalsrus Odendaalsrus (O/P) Odendaalsrus

The WWTW below with a “NI” design / actual flow is identified as 151% as many attempts to acquire the design capacity along with average flow from the WSA/DWA were returned undetermined. Design capacity for these WWTW are un-known, and no flow meters are in place at the plant thus no actual flow could be determined, this is interpreted as a non compliance in the chart.

It can be seen that a most of the works exceed their design capacity. The most problematic in this regard is due to no actual flow data being obtained. The extent to which the works is operating at the 100% capacity or exceeding it (average flow as a percentage of the design flow), is indicated in the table below:

Priority Order Of Problem Works I.T.O. Capacity Reached and Exceeded /Volume Flow Exceeded Flow Amount Exceeding Priority Design Capacity Average Average Order Name Of Responsible Capacity (Ml/D) Flow As % inflow Of WWTW Authority Of Plant *(-) indicates Of Design (Ml/D) amount over (Ml/D) WWTW capacity Capacity ** (0) indicates on 100% capacity 1 Warden Phumelela LM 0.50 1.40 0.90 280 2 Allanridge (O/P) Matjhabeng LM 2.00 NI NI 151 3 Arlington Nketoana LM 1.54 NI NI 151 4 Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM 23.00 NI NI 151 5 Bethulie Kopanong LM 0.50 NI NI 151 6 Boshof Tokologo LM 1.00 NI NI 151 7 Bothaville Nala LM 5.00 NI NI 151 8 Brandfort Masilonyana LM 2.40 NI NI 151 9 Bultfontein Tswelopele LM 2.00 NI NI 151 10 Clarens Dihlabeng LM 1.50 NI NI 151 11 Cornelia Setsoto LM 0.25 NI NI 151 12 Dealesville Tokologo LM 0.70 NI NI 151 13 Deneysville Metsimaholo LM 2.10 NI NI 151 14 Dewetsdorp Naledi LM 2.00 NI NI 151 15 Edenberg Kopanong LM 0.90 NI NI 151 16 Edenville Kopanong LM 0.50 NI NI 151 17 Excelsior Mantsopa LM 1.20 NI NI 151 18 Fauresmith Kopanong LM 1.00 NI NI 151 19 Ficksburg Setsoto LM 12.20 NI NI 151 20 Fouriesburg Dihlabeng LM 1.90 NI NI 151 21 Frankfort Mafube LM 2.80 NI NI 151 22 Gariep Dam Kopanong LM 2.80 NI NI 151 23 Groenpunt Kopanong LM 10.00 NI NI 151 24 Harrismith Maluti A Phofung LM 12.00 NI NI 151 25 Heilbron Ngwathe LM 4.10 NI NI 151 26 Hennenman Matjhabeng LM 4.00 NI NI 151 27 Hertzogville Tokologo LM 2.00 NI NI 151 28 Hobhouse Mantsopa LM 10.00 NI NI 151 29 Holly Country Mantsopa LM 2.00 NI NI 151 30 Hoopstad Tswelopele LM 1.20 NI NI 151 31 Jacobsdal Letsemeng LM 2.00 NI NI 151 32 Jagersfontein Kopanong LM 2.20 NI NI 151 33 Kestell Maluti A Phofung LM 2.00 NI NI 151

34 Koffiefontein Letsemeng LM 1.70 NI NI 151 35 Kragbron Ngwathe LM 0.50 NI NI 151 36 Kroonstad Moqhaka LM 22.00 NI NI 151 37 Lady Brand Mantsopa LM 2.00 NI NI 151 38 Lindley Nketoana LM 3.00 NI NI 151 39 Luckhoff Letsemeng LM 10.00 NI NI 151 40 Mbabane Matjhabeng LM 4.00 NI NI 151 41 Namahadi Mafube LM 0.50 NI NI 151 Odendaalsrus 42 Matjhabeng LM NI 151 (A/S) 6.00 NI Odendaalsrus 43 Matjhabeng LM NI 151 (O/P) 4.00 NI 44 Oppermans Letsemeng LM 0.50 NI NI 151 45 Oranjeville Metsimaholo 0.46 NI NI 151 46 Paul Roux Setsoto LM 4.00 NI NI 151 47 Petrus Steyn Nketoana LM 2.42 NI NI 151 48 Petrusburg Letsemeng LM 1.00 NI NI 151 49 Philippolis Kopanong LM 0.47 NI NI 151 Phutaditjhaba 50 Maluti A Phofung LM NI 151 #2 0.50 NI 51 Reddersburg Kopanong LM 0.50 NI NI 151 52 Reitz Kopanong LM 5.18 NI NI 151 53 Rosendal Dihlabeng LM 0.50 NI NI 151 54 Rouxville Mohokare LM 0.50 NI NI 151 55 Sasolburg Mohokare LM 37.00 NI NI 151 56 Smithfield Mohokare LM 0.50 NI NI 151 57 Soutpan (New) Masilonyana LM 0.35 NI NI 151 58 Soutpan (Old) Masilonyana LM 10.00 NI NI 151 59 Springfontein Kopanong LM 0.50 NI NI 151 60 Steynsrus Moqhaka LM 0.50 NI NI 151 61 Theunissen Masilonyana LM 3.50 NI NI 151 62 Tikwana Tswelopele LM 0.50 NI NI 151 63 Trompsburg Kopanong LM 0.73 NI NI 151 64 Tweeling Mafube LM 1.00 NI NI 151 65 Tweespruit Mantsopa LM 1.00 NI NI 151 66 Van Stadensrus Naledi LM 3.00 NI NI 151 67 Verkeerdevlei Masilonyana LM 0.25 NI NI 151 68 Vierfontein Moqhaka LM 0.50 NI NI 151 69 Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM 3.50 NI NI 151 70 Villiers Mafube LM 1.80 NI NI 151 71 Wepener Naledi LM 5.00 NI NI 151 72 Wesselsbron Nala LM 1.20 NI NI 151 73 Whites Nala LM 2.00 NI NI 151

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74 Winburg Masilonyana LM 1.60 NI NI 151 75 Witpan Matjhabeng LM 28.00 NI NI 151 76 Zastron Mohokare LM 1.00 NI NI 151 77 Memel Setsoto LM 0.50 0.75 -0.25 150 78 Bloemspruit Mangaung LM 56.00 67.00 -11.00 120 79 Senekal Setsoto LM 4.50 4.00 0.50 89 80 Kutlwanong Matjhabeng LM 6.00 5.00 1.00 83 81 Thabong Matjhabeng LM 12.00 10.00 2.00 83 82 Virginia Matjhabeng LM 12.00 10.00 2.00 83 83 Clocolan Setsoto LM 1.50 1.20 0.30 80 84 Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM 4.00 3.00 1.00 75 Phutaditjhaba 85 Maluti A Phofung LM 4.00 75 #1 16.00 12.00 86 Bainsvlei Mangaung LM 5.00 3.60 1.40 72 87 Vrede Phumelela LM 7.50 5.00 2.50 67 88 Welvaart Mangaung LM 6.00 4.00 2.00 67 89 Parys Ngwathe LM 11.00 7.20 3.80 65 90 Marquard Setsoto LM 2.50 1.50 1.00 60 91 Theronia Matjhabeng LM 17.00 10.00 7.00 59 92 Thaba Nchu Mangaung LM 6.00 3.50 2.50 58 93 Bloemdustria Mangaung LM 0.90 0.50 0.40 56 94 Botshabelo Mangaung LM 20.00 11.00 9.00 55 95 Elands Maluti A Phofung LM 4.00 2.00 2.00 50 96 Phomolong Matjhabeng LM 4.00 2.00 2.00 50 Northern 97 4.50 36 Works Mangaung LM 7.00 2.50 98 Koppies Ngwathe LM 4.00 1.00 3.00 25 99 Makwane Letsemeng LM 2.00 0.50 1.50 25 100 Moeding Setsoto LM 2.00 0.50 1.50 25 101 Vredefort Phumelela LM 6.00 0.80 5.20 13

The WWTWs that have unknown hydraulic design capacities and/or average daily flows (highlighted in ORANGE) account in total for at least 74% of the WWTWs in Free State. The hydraulic design capacities can be measured and calculated for these Works. A budget should be allocated for the appointment of internal or external persons to measure and calculate the design capacities of the WWTWs and/or to measure the daily inflows and do flow modelling to estimate the inflows. The reasons as to why the daily flows are not measured on a daily basis at these WWTWs can only be surmised as follows:

o No instrumentation Technician appointed as part of the Operation and Maintenance Team to repair existing flow meters, o No flow meters are in place (mostly as result of budgetary constraints) or meters are to be installed or are in the process of being installed, o Poor- or no daily record keeping of the inflows on the designated proformas (where this in place) by the Process Controllers.

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78 of 101 Works (77%) in the Free State are operating at- or exceeding their design capacities - also considering that these two WSAs own and operate the first and second highest number of WWTWs in their respective areas.

The other WSAs at most have either one or two of their WWTWs operating at or exceeding their design capacities.

Smaller to medium sized municipalities may have some challenges in terms of management, planning and funding resources available to remedy their WWTWs compliant. Larger municipalities seems to have reasonable capable structures and resources in place to manage their WWTWs within its design capabilities, unlike the situation for smaller, and less capacitated and resourceful WSAs in the Free State.

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F. DWA Compliance monitoring, WSA / WSP Arrangements and Technology used

The above concern is further strengthened by the fact that the information provided by DWA, indicate the every one of the WWTW, within the Free State region fail to meet at least two or more of the standards. The extent to which this was the case was shown in the previous section, where the individual WWTW are discussed. The following table below provide a quick overview regarding the Standards not being met by the various works, as received from the DWA Regional Office.

Responsible Name Of River Into Which Technology Standards Not Municipality/ WWTW Effluent Is WMA Being Used Met Organization Discharged Bio-filter & COD, SS, E.coli, Maturation Ponds Lower Vaal Matjhabeng LM Allanridge (A/S) Oxidation Ponds NH3, PO4-P, EC Allanridge NO MONITORING Maturation Ponds Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Matjhabeng LM (O/P) INFO Upper COD, SS, E. coli, No discharge Oxidation pond Nketoana LM Arlington Orange NH3, PO4-P, EC Upper Bio-filter & Bainsvlei Irrigation ponds SS, E. coli, FC, EC Mangaung LM Orange Oxidation Ponds Upper SS, COD, E. coli, FC, Undetermined Activated Sludge Dihlabeng LM Bethlehem Orange NO3, NH3 Upper Open Velt Oxidation pond COD, SS, E.coli, FC Kopanong LM Bethulie Orange Upper NO MONITORING Bloemdustria No discharge Oxidation pond Mangaung LM Orange INFO Upper SS, E. coli, FC, NH3, Bloemspruit Bloem Spruit Oxidation pond Mangaung LM Orange EC COD, SS, E. coli, Tokologo LM Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Boshof NH3, PO4-P SS, E. coli, FC, NH3, Nala LM Vals River Lower Vaal Activated Sludge Bothaville PO4-P Small Modder Upper Bio-filter & Botshabelo SS, E. coli, FC, EC Mangaung LM River Orange Oxidation Ponds COD, E. coli, FC, Masilonyana LM Keerom Spruit Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Brandfort NH3, PO4-P COD, SS,E. coli, FC, Irrigation ponds Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Tswelopele LM Bultfontein NH3, PO4-P Small Caledon Upper Bio-filter & E. coli, FC, NO3, Dihlabeng LM Clarens River Orange Oxidation Ponds PO4-P Upper Maturation Ponds Oxidation pond E. coli, PO4-P Setsoto LM Clocolan Orange Mafube LM Cornelia Undetermined Upper Vaal Oxidation pond E. coli, FC, COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Tokologo LM Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Dealesville NH3, PO4-P, EC Metsimaholo Undetermined Middle Vaal Bio-filter E. coli, FC, LM Deneysville Kareefontein Upper COD, SS, E. coli, Oxidation pond Naledi LM Dewetsdorp Spruit Orange NH3, PO4-P Upper SS, COD, E. coli, FC, Kopanong LM Stream Oxidation pond Edenberg Orange NH3, PO4-P NO MONITORING No discharge Middle Vaal Oxidation pond Ngwathe LM Edenville INFO Maluti A Upper NO MONITORING Undetermined Biofilters Phofung LM Elands Orange INFO Upper NO MONITORING Mantsopa LM Open Velt Oxidation pond Excelsior Orange INFO

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Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Kopanong LM Stream Oxidation pond Fauresmith Orange NH3, PO4-P Upper Setsoto LM Caledon River Oxidation pond E. coli, NO3, PO4-P Ficksburg Orange Upper COD, E. coli, NH3, Dihlabeng LM Maturation Ponds Oxidation pond Fouriesburg Orange PO4-P NO MONITORING Mafube LM Undetermined Upper Vaal Oxidation pond Frankfort INFO Upper Bio-filter & COD, E. coli, FC, Kopanong LM Undetermined Gariep Dam Orange Oxidation Ponds NH3 NO MONITORING Mangaung LM Undetermined Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Groenpunt INFO Maluti A Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Undetermined Oxidation pond Phofung LM Harrismith Orange NH3, PO4-P NO MONITORING Ngwathe LM Eland Spruit Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Heilbron INFO Matjhabeng LM Hennenman Riet Spruit Lower Vaal Activated Sludge SS, E. coli, FC, NH3 COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Tokologo LM Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Hertzogville NH3, PO4-P, EC Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Mantsopa LM No discharge Oxidation pond Hobhouse Orange NH3, PO4-P, EC Upper Activated Sludge & NO MONITORING MetsimaholoLM Undetermined Holly Country Orange Bio-Filtration INFO COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Tswelopele LM Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond NO3, NH3, PO4-P, Hoopstad EC Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Letsemeng LM Stream Oxidation pond Jacobsdal Orange NH3, PO4-P Upper NO MONITORING Kopanong LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Jagersfontein Orange INFO Maluti A Upper Undetermined Bio-filter E. coli Phofung LM Kestell Orange Upper Letsemeng LM Riet River Activated Sludge E. coli, FC, NO3, EC Koffiefontein Orange Ngwathe LM Koppies Maturation Ponds Middle Vaal Activated Sludge COD, E. coli, FC, EC NO MONITORING Ngwathe LM Undetermined Middle Vaal Oxidation pond Kragbron INFO SS,E. coli, PO4- Moqhaka LM Vals River Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Kroonstad P,NH3,FC COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Matjhabeng LM No discharge Lower Vaal Activated Sludge Kutlwanong NH3, EC Upper COD, SS, E. coli, Mantsopa LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Lady Brand Orange NH3 Upper COD, SS, E. coliI, Nketoana LM No discharge Oxidation pond Lindley Orange FC, NH3, PO4-P, EC Upper NO MONITORING Letsemeng LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Luckhoff Orange INFO Upper NO MONITORING Vals River Oxidation pond Letsemeng LM Makwane Orange INFO Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Setsoto LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Marquard Orange NH3, PO4-P Matjhabeng LM Mmamahabane Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond COD, SS, E. coli, FC Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Phumelela LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Memel Orange NH3 Upper Undetermined Oxidation pond E. coli, PO4-P Setsoto LM Moeding Orange

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Bio-filter & NO MONITORING Mafube LM Undetermined Upper Vaal Namahadi Oxidation Ponds INFO Northern Upper Bio-filter & Woodland Hills SS, E. coli, FC, EC Mangaung LM Works Orange Oxidation Ponds Odendaalsrus COD, SS,E. coli, FC, Matjhabeng LM Losdoring Spruit Lower Vaal Activated Sludge (A/S) NH3, PO4-P, EC Odendaalsrus NO MONITORING Matjhabeng LM Losdoring Spruit Lower Vaal Oxidation pond (O/P) INFO Upper NO MONITORING Letsemeng LM Undetermined Bio-filter Oppermans Orange INFO NO MONITORING Metsimaholo Undetermined Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Oranjeville INFO NO MONITORING Ngwathe LM Undetermined Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Parys INFO Upper NO MONITORING Dihlabeng LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Paul Roux Orange INFO Upper Bio-filter & COD, SS,E. coli, Nketoana LM Maturation Ponds Petrus Steyn Orange Oxidation Ponds NH3, PO4-P Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Letsemeng LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Petrusburg Orange NH3 Upper COD, SS, E. coli, Kopanong LM Open Velt Oxidation pond Philippolis Orange NH3 Upper Matjhabeng LM No discharge Bio-filter SS, E. coli, PO4-P Phomolong Orange Maluti A Phutaditjhaba Upper Bio-filter & Undetermined E. coli, NO3 Phofung LM #1 Orange Oxidation Ponds Maluti A Phutaditjhaba NO MONITORING Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Phofung LM #2 INFO Upper COD, SS, E. coli, Kopanong LM Fouries Spruit Oxidation pond Reddersburg Orange FC, NH3, PO4-P Upper Undetermined Oxidation pond E. coli, FC Nketoana LM Reitz Orange Upper Bio-filter & SS, E. coli, FC, NO3, Dihlabeng LM Undetermined Rosendal Orange Oxidation Ponds PO4-P Upper NO MONITORING Mohokare LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Rouxville Orange INFO NO MONITORING Undetermined Middle Vaal Bio-filter Mohokare LM Sasolburg INFO Upper Bio-filter & COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Setsoto LM Sand River Senekal Orange Oxidation Ponds NH3 Upper NO MONITORING Mohokare LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Smithfield Orange INFO COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Masilonyana LM No discharge Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Soutpan (New) NO3, NH3 NO MONITORING Masilonyana LM No discharge Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Soutpan (Old) INFO Upper Kopanong LM No discharge Oxidation pond COD, SS, E. coli, FC Springfontein Orange COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Moqhaka LM Open Velt Middle Vaal Oxidation pond Steynsrus NH3 Upper Bio-filter & Mangaung LM Sepane Spruit SS, E. coli, FC, EC Thaba Nchu Orange Oxidation Ponds Matjhabeng LM Thabong Sand River Lower Vaal Activated Sludge SS, E. coli, FC, EC COD, SS, E. coli, Matjhabeng LM Theronia Toronto Pan Lower Vaal Oxidation pond NH3 Masilonyana LM Theunissen Sand River Lower Vaal Oxidation pond SS, E. coli, FC, NH3

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Tswelopele LM Tikwana Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond E. coli, PO4-P Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Open Velt Oxidation pond Kopanong LM Trompsburg Orange NH3 COD, E. coli, FC, Mafube LM Undetermined Upper Vaal Oxidation pond Tweeling NH3 Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Mantsopa LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Tweespruit Orange NO3, PO4-P Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Naledi LM Wit Spruit Oxidation pond Van Stadensrus Orange NH3, PO4-P NO MONITORING Masilonyana LM No discharge Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Verkeerdevlei INFO NO MONITORING Stream Middle Vaal Oxidation pond Moqhaka LM Vierfontein INFO COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Renoster River Middle Vaal Activated Sludge Moqhaka LM Viljoenskroon NH3, PO4-P Bio-filter & COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Mafube LM Undetermined Upper Vaal Villiers Oxidation Ponds NO3, NH3, PO4-P Bio-filter & SS, E.Coli, FC, NO3, Matjhabeng LM Sand River Lower Vaal Virginia Oxidation Ponds NH3, PO4-P Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Phumelela LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Vrede Orange NH3 NO MONITORING Undetermined Middle Vaal Oxidation pond Metsimaholo M Vredefort INFO Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Phumelela LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Warden Orange NH3 Upper SS, E. coli, FC, NH3, Welvaart Undetermined Oxidation pond Mangaung LM Orange EC Upper COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Naledi LM No discharge Oxidation pond Wepener Orange NH3, PO4-P COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Nala LM Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond NO3, NH3, PO4-P, Wesselsbron EC NO MONITORING Undetermined Lower Vaal Oxidation pond Nala LM Whites INFO COD, SS, E. coli, FC, Masilonyana LM Rietfontein Dam Lower Vaal Bio-Filtration Winburg NH3 COD, SS,E. coli, FC, Matjhabeng LM Witpan Sand River Lower Vaal Bio-filter NH3 Upper COD, SS, E. coli, Mohokare LM Undetermined Oxidation pond Zastron Orange NH3, PO4-P

The table above provides substantial data to raise concerns by showing the generic failure events per WWTW, but may not necessarily present a fair reflection of the overall status, operation and management of the Works. The rationale for this being that failure events are bound to happen, due to either overloading hydraulic or organic capacity, or to breakdown of mechanical or human nature.

There must be acknowledgement of these failure events and the necessary ameliorating action must be identified and implemented with alacrity, where possible. It was noted that at a number of the Works where the hydraulic capacity is being exceeded and thus resulting in failure events, the operation and management at the Works is so effective that compliance is restored within a short period. The management at these stressed Works need to be encouraged to continue with their good work, but need to be supported by their relevant planning and development components to ensure that adequate works with adequate capacity are being planned, built and sustained.

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Of greater concern is the issue of failure trends that exists where there is a consistent and regular failure, not necessarily related to the hydraulic design capacity of the Works. In most of such cases, the Plant Superintendent and Process Controllers are aware (or suspect) the failures, but they are not necessarily engaged in specific actions to rectify these within predetermined timeframes.

Similarly of concern is the situation where operation of the Works, based on the effluent quality parameters, fluctuate between compliance and non-compliance, and where there does not appear to be a trend of sustainable compliance.

Perhaps the greatest cause of concern is situations where no information or data is available, indicating that the WSA may not even be aware of their status and most probably are not-complying as result of their absence of plan and flow/ quality measurement. There can be a significant opportunity for improvement on the final effluent quality data by merely addressing the compliance monitoring requirements, and then to gradually progress towards the improved compliance of the final effluent.

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G. Effluent Quality Non-Compliance Trends

The table below provides and indication of compliance trends, for the various works and their measurement parameters. Legend: Compliance C Non-Compliance NC No Information NI No monitoring done NM Most Recent Trend (LT) Sustainability of trend unclear ?

Bacteriological Physical Quality (aesthetic) Chemical Quality Quality (health)

E.coli Faecal pH Electrical Suspende Nitrates & COD Ammoni Orthopho NAME OF (General Colifor (General Conductivi d Solids - Nitrites: (General a: sphate - P WWTW Limit: 0 m Limit: 5.5 ty - EC SS (General Health Limit: 75 Operatio (General count/10 (General - 9.5 PH (General Limit: 25 (General mg/L) nal Limit: 10 0 ml) units) Limit: Limit: 150 mg/L) Limit: 15 (General mg/l) 1000 mS/m) mg/L) Limit: 6 count/10 mg/L) 0 ml) Allanridge (A/S) NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Allanridge (O/P) NI C C NC NC C NC NC NC Arlington NC C C NC NC C NC NC NC Bainsvlei NI NI C NI NI C C C C Bethlehem NC NC C C NC NC NC NC C Bethulie NC NC C C NC C NC C C Bloemdustria NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bloemspruit NI NI C NI NI C C NC C Boshof NC C C C NC C NC NC NC Bothaville NC NC C C NC C C NC NC Botshabelo NI NI C NI NI C C C C Brandfort NC NC C C C C NC NC NC Bultfontein NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Clarens NC NC C C C NC C C NC Clocolan NC C C C C C C C NC Cornelia NC NI C C C C C C C Dealesville NC NC C NC NC C NC NC NC Deneysville NC NC C C C C C C C Dewetsdorp NC C C C NC C NC NC NC Edenberg NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Edenville NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Elands NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Excelsior NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Fauresmith NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Ficksburg NC C C C C NC C C NC Fouriesburg NC C C C C C NC NC NC Frankfort NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

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Gariep Dam NC NI C C C C NC NC C Groenpunt NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Harrismith NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Heilbron NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Hennenman NI NC C C NC C C NC C Hertzogville NC NC C NC NC C NC NC NC Hobhouse NC NC C NC NC C NC NC NC Holly Country NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Hoopstad NC NC C NC NC NC NC NC NC Jacobsdal NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Jagersfontei n NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Kestell NC C C C C C C C C Koffiefontein NC NC C NC C NC C C C Koppies NI NI C NI C C NC C C Kragbron NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Kroonstad NI NI C C NC C C NC NC Kutlwanong NI NI C NC NC C NC NC C Lady Brand NC C C C NC C NC NC C Lindley NC NC C NC NC C NC NC NC Luckhoff NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Makwane NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Marquard NC NI C C NC C NC NC NC Mbabane NC NI C C NC C NC C C Memel NC NC C C NC C NC NC C Moeding NC C C C C C C C NC Namahadi NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Northern Works NI NI C NI C C NI C C Odendaalsru s (O/P) NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Odendaalsru s (A/S) NC NC C NI NC C NC NC NC Oppermans NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Oranjeville NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Parys NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Paul Roux NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Petrus Steyn NC C C C NC C NC NC NC Petrusburg NC NC C C NC C NC NC C Philippolis NC C C C NC C NC NC C Phomolong NI C C C NC C C C NC Phutaditjhab a #1 NC C C C C NC C C C Phutaditjhab a #2 NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Reddersburg NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Reitz NC NC C C C C C C C Rosendal NC NC C C NC NC C C NC Rouxville NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

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Sasolburg NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Senekal NI NC C C NC C NC NC C Smithfield NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Soutpan (Old) NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Soutpan (New) NC NC C C NC NC NC NC C Springfontei n NC NC C C NC C NC C C Steynsrus NI NC C C NC C NC NC C Thaba Nchu NI NI C NI NI C C C C Thabong NI NC C NC NC C C C C Theronia NI C C C NC C NC NC C Theunissen NI NI C C NC C C NC C Tikwana NC C C C C C C C NC Trompsburg NC NC C C NC C NC NC C Tweeling NC NI C C NC C C NC C Tweespruit NC NC C C NC NC NC C NC Van Stadensrus NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Verkeerdevle i NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Vierfontein NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Viljoenskroo n NI NC C C NC C NC NC NC Villiers NC NC C C NC NC NC NC NC Virginia NI NI C C NC NC C NC NC Vrede NI NI C C NC C NC NC C Vredefort NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Warden NC NC C C NC C NC NC C Welvaart NI NI C NI NI C C NC C Wepener NC NC C C NC C NC NC NC Wesselsbron NC NC C NC NC NC NC NC NC Whites NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Winburg NC NI C C NC C NC NC C Witpan NI NI C C NC C NC NC C Zastron NC C C C NC C NC NC NC

Note: “No Information” [NI] and “No monitoring” [NM] (where required) equals a situation of non-compliance (NC) for purposes of this assessment. This is based on the rationale that monitoring and access to effluent quality is a legal (licensed) requirement. Until such information has been obtained and verified, the WWTW cannot be taken to be compliant.

The WWTWs marked with the above markers “NC”, “NI” and “NM” are highlighted with the respective colours suggest that a detailed investigation or specific audit be undertaken to determine the cause or constraints that prevent these Works from being compliant, why certain critical parameters are not monitored, and why no information has been provided for the above works in question. Associated problems will mostly be found to comprise of one or a combination of the following constraints:

 Works old and not designed to treat to the applied standards (doubtful, but possible and that urgent upgrading is required)

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 Lack of adequate maintenance  Lack of adequately skilled staff and or management  Insufficient staff and or management, most staff are “multi-tasking”  Lack of will and reasonable care by staff (attitude-based)  Lack of adequate funds to effect repairs and undertake efficient operations  Lack of capital funds to execute expansions or upgrades to extend the plant capacity  Problematic procurement processes  Lack of perceived understanding of the need to ensure compliance and the implications of non- compliance, specifically at a decision making level of the relevant WSA / Municipalities. This is compounded by the fact that few support departments (human resources, financial, legal, local economic development) fully understand and support technical departments in executing their responsibilities related to wastewater management.  A recent problem that has also caused failure events is the Eskom load shedding, which cripples the plant for those periods. Many of the plants are not equipped to deal with retaining additional volume of raw effluent and as such failures result.

The priority order of the Works based on the number of parameters failure and extent of those failures in terms of non-compliance trends is shown in the table below (“No information” and “no monitoring” has been taken as a “non-compliant” factor as monitoring is regarded as an important compliance tool).

Priority Order Of Works Based On Effluent Quality Failure Trends

Number Of Non-Compliance Priority Trends For The Various Order Responsible Parameters (NC + NI) Name Of WWTW Municipality/Organization 1 Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM 9 2 Bloemdustria Mangaung LM 9 3 Edenville Ngwathe LM 9 4 Elands Maluti A Phofung LM 9 5 Excelsior Mantsopa LM 9 6 Frankfort Mafube LM 9 7 Groenpunt Mangaung LM 9 8 Heilbron Ngwathe LM 9 9 Holly Country Metsimaholo LM 9 10 Jagersfontein Kopanong LM 9 11 Kragbron Ngwathe LM 9 12 Luckhoff Letsemeng LM 9 13 Makwane Letsemeng LM 9 14 Namahadi Mafube LM 9 15 Odendaalsrus (A/S) Matjhabeng LM 9 16 Oppermans Letsemeng LM 9 17 Oranjeville Metsimaholo 9 18 Parys Ngwathe LM 9 19 Paul Roux Dihlabeng LM 9 20 Phutaditjhaba #2 Matjhabeng LM 9

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21 Rouxville Mohokare LM 9 22 Sasolburg Mohokare LM 9 23 Smithfield Mohokare LM 9 24 Soutpan (Old) Masilonyana LM 9 25 Verkeerdevlei Masilonyana LM 9 26 Vierfontein Moqhaka LM 9 27 Vredefort Metsimaholo LM 9 28 Whites Nala LM 9 29 Hoopstad Tswelopele LM 8 30 Wesselsbron Nala LM 8 31 Dealesville Tokologo LM 7 32 Hertzogville Tokologo LM 7 33 Hobhouse Mantsopa LM 7 34 Lindley Nketoana LM 7 35 Odendaalsrus (O/P) Matjhabeng LM 7 36 Villiers Mafube LM 7 37 Allanridge (O/P) Matjhabeng LM 6 38 Arlington Nketoana LM 6 39 Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM 6 40 Bultfontein Tswelopele LM 6 41 Edenberg Kopanong LM 6 42 Fauresmith Kopanong LM 6 43 Harrismith Maluti A Phofung LM 6 44 Jacobsdal Letsemeng LM 6 45 Kutlwanong Matjhabeng LM 6 46 Marquard Setsoto LM 6 47 Reddersburg Kopanong LM 6 48 Soutpan (New) Masilonyana LM 6 49 Tweespruit Mantsopa LM 6 50 Van Stadensrus Naledi LM 6 51 Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM 6 52 Virginia Matjhabeng LM 6 53 Wepener Naledi LM 6 54 Bloemspruit Mangaung LM 5 55 Boshof Tokologo LM 5 56 Bothaville Nala LM 5 57 Brandfort Masilonyana LM 5 58 Dewetsdorp Naledi LM 5 59 Kroonstad Moqhaka LM 5 60 Memel Phumelela LM 5 61 Petrus Steyn Nketoana LM 5

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62 Petrusburg Letsemeng LM 5 63 Rosendal Dihlabeng LM 5 64 Senekal Setsoto LM 5 65 Steynsrus Moqhaka LM 5 66 Trompsburg Kopanong LM 5 67 Vrede Phumelela LM 5 68 Warden Phumelela LM 5 69 Welvaart Mangaung LM 5 70 Winburg Masilonyana LM 5 71 Witpan Matjhabeng LM 5 72 Zastron Mohokare LM 5 73 Bainsvlei Mangaung LM 4 74 Bethulie Kopanong LM 4 75 Botshabelo Mangaung LM 4 76 Clarens Dihlabeng LM 4 77 Fouriesburg Dihlabeng LM 4 78 Gariep Dam Kopanong LM 4 79 Hennenman Matjhabeng LM 4 80 Koffiefontein Letsemeng LM 4 81 Koppies Ngwathe LM 4 82 Lady Brand Mantsopa LM 4 83 Mmamahabane Matjhabeng LM 4 84 Northern Works Mangaung LM 4 85 Philippolis Kopanong LM 4 86 Springfontein Kopanong LM 4 87 Thaba Nchu Mangaung LM 4 88 Thabong Matjhabeng LM 4 89 Theronia Matjhabeng LM 4 90 Theunissen Masilonyana LM 4 91 Tweeling Mafube LM 4 92 Ficksburg Setsoto LM 3 93 Phomolong Matjhabeng LM 3 94 Clocolan Setsoto LM 2 95 Cornelia Mafube LM 2 96 Deneysville Metsimaholo LM 2 97 Moeding Setsoto LM 2 98 Phutaditjhaba #1 Maluti A Phofung LM 2 99 Reitz Nketoana LM 2 100 Tikwana Tswelopele LM 2 101 Kestell Maluti A Phofung LM 1

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An interesting aspect to note is that the works which exceed their hydraulic capacity are not necessarily the same works that show non-compliance trends. Due to a lack of comprehensive water quality information for a number of the works, their compliance and non-compliance trends could not be determined, for this reason all “no information” parameters were put equal to NC (Non-Compliant) factors.

Based on the available information, the capacity and resources of the WSA / WSP, in terms of staff skills and capacity, funds and ease of procurement of materials and equipment, play a greater role in the ability to maintain a compliance trend.

H. Free State Technical Skills Gap Analysis

Regulation 2834, in conjunction with Schedule IV of the Government Gazette No. 28557, 24 February 2006, contains the DWA Regulations for the Registration of Waterworks and Process Controllers (No. R. 181 i.t.o. National Water Act of 1998). In these regulations the minimum class of process controller required per shift, and supervision, operations and maintenance support services requirements at a WWTW's is identified:

WORKS CLASS OF SUPERVISION* OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT CLASS OPERATOR SERVICES REQUIREMENTS* PER SHIFT E Class I Class V* These personnel must be available at all times D Class II Class V* but may be in-house or outsourced: C Class III Class V*  electrician B Class IV Class V  fitter A Class IV Class V  instrumentation technician NB. Fluoridation - for any class works, minimum operator classification should be class III

An assessment of the technical and health/safety related skills necessary to management, operate and maintain the Gauteng WWTWs was done during this study. Summary of WWTW with staff requirements based on Regulatory Requirements (Regs 2834) as compared to actual staff resourcing.

Staff Capacity Staff Capacity Exisiting: Staff Employed on Works Regulatory (Supervisor / Process Controller, etc & Qualifications e.g.: Requirement (Regs

class V operator etc) RESPONSIBLE 2834) WWTW Supervisor Process Supervisor: Supervisor: Process Process

AUTHORITY Class (* - denotes Contollers Current Current Contollers: Contollers: part time availability) Situation Situation Current Situation Current (Class) (Employed) (Class) Situation (Employed) Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM D Class V Class II Class iv 1 Class iii 1 Allanridge D Class V Class II Class iv (O/P) Matjhabeng LM 1 Class iii 1 Arlington Nketoana LM E Class V Class I Class II 1 Not Classed 1 Bainsvlei Mangaung LM B Class V Class IV Class V 1 Class III 4 Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM E Class V Class I Class V 0 Class I 4 Bethulie Kopanong LM B Class V Class IV Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Bloemdustria Mangaung LM B Class V Class IV Class V 1 Class Ii 1 Bloemspruit Mangaung LM D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class V 12 Boshof Tokologo LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Bothaville Nala LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Botshabelo Mangaung LM B Class V Class IV Class V 1 Class IV 5 Brandfort Masilonyana LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0

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Bultfontein Tswelopele LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Clarens Dihlabeng LM B Class V Class IV Class V 0 Trainee's 2 Clocolan Setsoto LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Class i 1 Cornelia Mafube LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Dealesville Tokologo LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Metsimaholo D Class V Class II Not Classed 1 Not Classed 2 Deneysville LM Dewetsdorp Naledi LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Edenberg Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Edenville Ngwathe LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Elands Maluti A C Class V Class III Class V 0 Class I, 1 Phofung LM Class II, 1 Class III, 1 Class IV 1 Excelsior Mantsopa LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Fauresmith Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Ficksburg Setsoto LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Class II, 1 Trainee's 7 Fouriesburg Dihlabeng LM C Class V Class III Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Frankfort Mafube LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Gariep Dam Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 2 Mangaung B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Groenpunt LM Harrismith Maluti A D Class V Class II Class V 0 1 Class I, Phofung LM 1 Class II, Class 1 III, Class IV 1 Heilbron Ngwathe LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Hennenman Matjhabeng LM B Class V Class IV Class V 0 Class iii 1 Hertzogville Tokologo LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Hobhouse Mantsopa LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Holly Country MetsimaholoLM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Hoopstad Tswelopele LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Jacobsdal Letsemeng LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Jagersfontein Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 2 Maluti A D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class iii 1 Kestell Phofung LM Koffiefontein Letsemeng LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Koppies Ngwathe LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Kragbron Ngwathe LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Kroonstad Moqhaka LM B Class V Class IV Class V 2 Class IV 1 Kutlwanong Matjhabeng LM B Class V Class IV Class iv 1 Class iii 1 Lady Brand Mantsopa LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Lindley Nketoana LM E Class V Class I Class II 1 Not Classed 4 Luckhoff Letsemeng LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Makwane Letsemeng LM D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class ii 1 Marquard Setsoto LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 3 Mbabane Matjhabeng LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0

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Memel Setsoto LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class II 2 Moeding Setsoto LM Namahadi Mafube LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 NorthernWorks Mangaung LM D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class III 5 Odendaalsrus D Class V Class II Matjhabeng LM Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 (A/S) Odendaalsrus D Class V Class II Matjhabeng LM Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 (O/P) Oppermans Letsemeng LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Oranjeville Metsimaholo C Class V Class III Not Classed 1 Not Classed 2 Parys Ngwathe LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Paul Roux Dihlabeng LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Petrus Steyn Nketoana LM C Class V Class III Class V 1 Not Classed 7 Petrusburg Letsemeng LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Philippolis Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Phomolong Matjhabeng LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Class iii 1 Phutaditjhaba Maluti A B Class V Class IV Class V 1 Class IV 2 #1 Phofung LM Phutaditjhaba Maluti A D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 #2 Phofung LM Reddersburg Kopanong LM C Class V Class III Class V 0 Trainee's 2 Reitz Nketoana LM D Class V Class II Class V 1 Trainee's 4 Rosendal Dihlabeng LM C Class V Class III Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Rouxville Mohokare LM E Class V Class I Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Sasolburg Mohokare LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Senekal Setsoto LM C Class V Class III Class V 0 Class I, 1 Class II, 1 Trainee's 4 Smithfield Mohokare LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Soutpan (Old) Masilonyana LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Soutpan B Class V Class IV Masilonyana LM Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 (New) Springfontein Kopanong LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Trainee's 1 Van Stadensrus Naledi LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Verkeerdevlei Masilonyana LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Vierfontein Moqhaka LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM D Class V Class II Class V 2 No Class 9 Villiers Mafube LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Virginia Matjhabeng LM C Class V Class III Class V 0 Class iii 1 Vrede Phumelela LM C Class V Class III Class V 1 Class iii 0 Metsimaholo D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Vredefort LM Warden Phumelela LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Welvaart Mangaung LM D Class V Class II Class V 1 Class III 5

- 31 -

Wepener Naledi LM B Class V Class IV Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Wesselsbron Nala LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Whites Nala LM C Class V Class III Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Winburg Masilonyana LM D Class V Class II Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Witpan Matjhabeng LM D Class V Class II Class V 0 Class iv 1 Zastron Mohokare LM E Class V Class I Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0

26 105

The status of the mandatory skills requirements are reflected in the following schematics and tables. It is important to note that the calculation of these figures and percentages based on the table above should be treated as an rough indicator only as there are roving Superintendents and Process Controllers in all of the Works specifically that are in the designated Classes of Works C to E (although found not to be exclusive to these Classes, and hence taken as non-compliant). The Data Record Sheets and the WWTW profiles had to be referred to give a more accurate estimation of the staff currently employed, the gaps that were stated to exist at these WWTWs by the respective municipal WSAs, and finally those employed but deemed to not be compliant in terms of the legislated staffing requirements. To further compound this where no data was provided it was considered as non-compliant “NC” and included herein as positions that were considered to be ‘vacant’.

The identification of the technical staff currently employed, the skills gap (vacancies), and the staff employed but not yet compliant with the legislated requirements, within the Free State province, are as follows: Identification of the Gap in Skills with in the Free State Region

Plant Managers % Process Controlers % Current Employed – C & NC 26 24% Current Employed – C & NC 105 66%

Undetermined 53 50% Undetermined 53 33%

Vacant 28 26% Vacant 2 1% Employed Personnel & NC 6 4% Employed Personnel & NC 52 50%

- 32 -

A disturbing factor is that high percentages of personnel employed in “skilled’ positions, do not comply with the requirements for supervisory (4%) and process controllers (50%). These numbers, combined with the number of vacancies in these positions, amount to a significant number of positions that is not filled by any form of skill or by inadequate/inappropriate skill. The value of this information is that it places Free State Provincial Government in an ideal position to address this skills gap on an informed, quantified basis, and to formulate a Plan with clear targets, deliverables, timeframes, costs and methodology to address this specific gap, ideally in partnership with LGSETA and ESETA.

Overall perspective of compliance with regard to the Supervision, Process Controllers and Maintenance aspects Compliance C Non-Compliance NC Undetermined NI

WWTW RESPONSIBLE Compliance (C) / Compliance (C) / Compliance ito AUTHORITY Non-Compliance Non-Compliance Operations and (NC) ito (NC) ito Process Maintenance support Supervision Controllers Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM NC C C Allanridge (O/P) Matjhabeng LM NC C C Arlington Nketoana LM NC NC C Bainsvlei Mangaung LM C NC C Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM NC C C Bethulie Kopanong LM NC NC C Bloemdustria Mangaung LM C NC C Bloemspruit Mangaung LM C C C Boshof Tokologo LM NI NI NI Bothaville Nala LM NI NI NI Botshabelo Mangaung LM C C C Brandfort Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Bultfontein Tswelopele LM NI NI NI Clarens Dihlabeng LM NC NC C Clocolan Setsoto LM NC NC C Cornelia Mafube LM NI NI NI Dealesville Tokologo LM NI NI NI Deneysville Metsimaholo LM NC NC C Dewetsdorp Naledi LM NI NI NI Edenberg Kopanong LM NC NC C Edenville Ngwathe LM NI NI NI Elands Maluti A Phofung LM NC C C Excelsior Mantsopa LM NI NI NI Fauresmith Kopanong LM NI NI NI Ficksburg Setsoto LM NC C C Fouriesburg Dihlabeng LM NC NC C

- 33 -

Frankfort Mafube LM NI NI NI Gariep Dam Kopanong LM NC NC C Groenpunt Mangaung LM NI NI NI Harrismith Maluti A Phofung LM NC C C Heilbron Ngwathe LM NI NI NI Hennenman Matjhabeng LM NC NC C Hertzogville Tokologo LM NI NI NI Hobhouse Mantsopa LM NI NI NI Holly Country Metsimaholo LM NI NI NI Hoopstad Tswelopele LM NI NI NI Jacobsdal Letsemeng LM NI NI NI Jagersfontein Kopanong LM NC NC C Kestell Maluti A Phofung LM C C C Koffiefontein Letsemeng LM NI NI NI Koppies Ngwathe LM NI NI NI Kragbron Ngwathe LM NI NI NI Kroonstad Moqhaka LM C C C Kutlwanong Matjhabeng LM NC NC C Lady Brand Mantsopa LM NI NI NI Lindley Nketoana LM NC NC C Luckhoff Letsemeng LM NI NI NI Makwane Letsemeng LM C C C Marquard Setsoto LM NC NC C Mmamahabane Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI Memel Phumelela LM NI NI NI Moeding Setsoto LM C C C Namahadi Mafube LM NI NI NI Northern Works Mangaung LM C C C Odendaalsrus (A/S) Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI Odendaalsrus (O/P) Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI Oppermans Letsemeng LM NI NI NI Oranjeville Metsimaholo NC NC C Parys Ngwathe LM NI NI NI Paul Roux Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI Petrus Steyn Nketoana LM NC NC C Petrusburg Letsemeng LM NI NI NI Philippolis Kopanong LM NC NC C Phomolong Matjhabeng LM NC C C Phutaditjhaba #1 Maluti A Phofung LM C C C Phutaditjhaba #2 Maluti A Phofung LM NI NI NI Reddersburg Kopanong LM NC NC C

- 34 -

Reitz Nketoana LM C NC C Rosendal Dihlabeng LM NC NC C Rouxville Mohokare LM NI NI NI Sasolburg Mohokare LM NI NI NI Senekal Setsoto LM NC NC C Smithfield Mohokare LM NI NI NI Soutpan (Old) Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Soutpan (New) Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Springfontein Kopanong LM NC NC C Steynsrus Moqhaka LM C NC C Thaba Nchu Mangaung LM C C C Thabong Matjhabeng LM NC C C Theronia Matjhabeng LM NC C C Theunissen Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Tikwana Tswelopele LM NI NI NI Trompsburg Kopanong LM NC NC C Tweeling Mafube LM NI NI NI Tweespruit Mantsopa LM NI NI NI Van Stadensrus Naledi LM NI NI NI Verkeerdevlei Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Vierfontein Moqhaka LM NI NI NI Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM C C C Villiers Mafube LM NI NI NI Virginia Matjhabeng LM NC C C Vrede Phumelela LM C NC C Vredefort Metsimaholo LM NI NI NI Warden Phumelela LM NI NI NI Welvaart Mangaung LM C C C Wepener Naledi LM NI NI NI Wesselsbron Nala LM NI NI NI Whites Nala LM NI NI NI Winburg Masilonyana LM NI NI NI Witpan Matjhabeng LM NC C C Zastron Mohokare LM NI NI NI

- 35 -

Process Process Supervisor Skill Supervisor Skill Controller Skill Controller Skill WWTW Shortages Shortages Shortages Shortages (Type) (no of staff) (Type) (no of staff) Allanridge (A/S) Class V 0 Class II 0 Allanridge (O/P) Class V 0 Class II 0 Arlington Class V 1 Class I 0 Bainsvlei Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0

Bethlehem Class V 1 Class I 0 Bethulie Class V 1 Class IV 0 Bloemdustria Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Bloemspruit Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Boshof Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Bothaville Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Botshabelo Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Brandfort Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Bultfontein Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Clarens Class V 1 Class IV 0 Clocolan Class V 1 Class II 0 Cornelia Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Dealesville Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Deneysville Class V 0 Class II 0 Dewetsdorp Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Edenberg Class V 1 Class II 0 Edenville Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Elands Class V 1 Class III 0 Excelsior Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Fauresmith Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Ficksburg Class V 1 Class II 0 Fouriesburg Class V 1 Class III 0 Frankfort Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Gariep Dam Class V 1 Class II 0 Groenpunt Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Harrismith Class V 1 Class II 0 Heilbron Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Hennenman Class V 1 Class IV 0 Hertzogville Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Hobhouse Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Holly Country Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0

- 36 -

Process Process Supervisor Skill Supervisor Skill Controller Skill Controller Skill WWTW Shortages Shortages Shortages Shortages (Type) (no of staff) (Type) (no of staff) Hoopstad Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Jacobsdal Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Jagersfontein Class V 1 Class II 0 Kestell Class V 0 Class II 0 Koffiefontein Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Koppies Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Kragbron Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Kroonstad Class V 0 Class IV 0 Kutlwanong Class iv 0 Class IV 0 Lady Brand Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Lindley Class V 1 Class I 0 Luckhoff Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Makwane Class V 1 Class II 0 Marquard Class V 1 Class II 0 Mbabane Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Memel Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Moeding Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Namahadi Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Northern Works Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Odendaalsrus (A/S) Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Odendaalsrus (O/P) Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Oppermans Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Oranjeville Class V 0 Class III 0 Parys Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Paul Roux Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Petrus Steyn Class V 1 Class III 0 Petrusburg Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Philippolis Class V 1 Class II 0 Phutaditjhaba #1 Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Phutaditjhaba #2 Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Phomolong Class V 1 Class II 0 Reddersburg Class V 1 Class III 0 Reitz Class V 0 Class II 0 Rosendal Class V 1 Class III 0 Rouxville Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Sasolburg Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Senekal Class V 1 Class III 0

- 37 -

Process Process Supervisor Skill Supervisor Skill Controller Skill Controller Skill WWTW Shortages Shortages Shortages Shortages (Type) (no of staff) (Type) (no of staff) Smithfield Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Soutpan (Old) Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Soutpan (New) Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Springfontein Class V 1 Class II 0 Steynsrus Class V 0 Class II 1 Thaba Nchu Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Thabong Class V 1 Class II 0 Theronia Class V 1 Class II 0 Theunissen Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Tikwana Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Trompsburg Class V 1 Class IV 0 Tweeling Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Tweespruit Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Van Stadensrus Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Verkeerdevlei Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Vierfontein Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Viljoenskroon Class V 0 Class II 0 Villiers Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Virginia Class V 1 Class III 0 Vrede Class V 0 Class III 1 Vredefort Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Warden Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Welvaart Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Wepener Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Wesselsbron Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Whites Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Winburg Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 Witpan Class V 1 Class II 0 Zastron Undetermined 0 Undetermined 0 28 2

The number of technical skill non-compliance factors are varied but may be slightly skewed due to certain information not been made available by some of the municipalities for this assessment. Most of the municipalities are in the process of registering their staff and their Works as per the legislated classification requirement in accordance with the Government Gazette no. 28557 Regulation, no. R181, February 2006, NWA 1998.

Organogrammes need to be put in place per Works where they do not exist. Those organogrammes that already exist need to be revamped and improved on, and finally aligned to the legislated requirements, i.e.

- 38 -

to indicate the Class of the Works, and the Class and names of the key technical and maintenance staff employed.

A more detailed audit and assessment of the status quo would have to be required to be undertaken for each WSA, with the necessary support, orientation and training required to ensure that technical skills compliance is achieved in keeping with the current legislation. To achieve this other critical factors to ensure cost-effectiveness and efficiency would include the review of the specification of the minimum O&M budgets, the geographic spread, and more clearly specified staffing requirements for the micro-sized Works or Class E Works (<0.1 Ml/d) especially for package plants or similar.

Overall perspective of compliance with regard to occupational health and safety aspects, as related to wastewater treatment, however no confirmed information was provided from the municipality hence “no info” is interpreted as non compliance: Compliance C Non-Compliance NC No Information (WSA does not know/ did not provide info) NI One Person appointed to oversee all aspects C*

WWTW Municipality Compliance Requirements according to OHS Act 85 of 1998

Assistant

Appointed Appointed

Appointed Appointed

Competent Competent

Supervisor

Appointed Appointed

Health and Safety Health and

ral Machinery Machinery ral

Supervisor

Representative

Supervisorof Machinery

-

Supervision of Machinery

Appointed First Appointed Aider

-

General Machinery Machinery General Machinery General Gene

Appointed Plant Appointed Operator

3:

to Machinery Supervisor

Section 16(2): Section

4: 4: ResponsiblePlant

ManagementRepresentative

Regulation 6(1): Regulation

Regulation 2(1): Regulation 2(1): Regulation

Section 17: 17: Section

Section 8(2) (i)": (i)": 8(2) Section

General Safety Regulation Regulation Safety General Regulation Safety General

Regulation 2(7)(a): 2(7)(a): Regulation

Person Person

ReticulationNetwork Supervisor

Person

Assistantto Reticulation Network

Section (2)(i) & Construction & Construction (2)(i) Section Construction Regulation 6(2): Regulation Construction Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Allanridge (O/P) Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Arlington Nketoana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bainsvlei Mangaung LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bethulie Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bloemdustria Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Bloemspruit Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Boshof Tokologo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bothaville Nala LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Botshabelo Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Brandfort Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Bultfontein Tswelopele LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Clarens Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Clocolan Setsoto LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Cornelia Mafube LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Dealesville Tokologo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Deneysville Metsimaholo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Dewetsdorp Naledi LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Edenberg Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Edenville Ngwathe LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Maluti A Phofung Elands LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Excelsior Mantsopa LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Fauresmith Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

- 39 -

WWTW Municipality Compliance Requirements according to OHS Act 85 of 1998

Assistant

Appointed Appointed

Appointed Appointed

Competent Competent

Supervisor

Appointed Appointed

Health and Safety Health and

ral Machinery Machinery ral

Supervisor

Representative

Supervisorof Machinery

-

Supervision of Machinery

Appointed First Appointed Aider

-

General Machinery Machinery General Machinery General Gene

Appointed Plant Appointed Operator

3:

to Machinery Supervisor

Section 16(2): Section

4: 4: ResponsiblePlant

ManagementRepresentative

Regulation 6(1): Regulation

Regulation 2(1): Regulation 2(1): Regulation

Section 17: 17: Section

Section 8(2) (i)": (i)": 8(2) Section

General Safety Regulation Regulation Safety General Regulation Safety General

Regulation 2(7)(a): 2(7)(a): Regulation

Person Person

ReticulationNetwork Supervisor

Person

Assistantto Reticulation Network

Section (2)(i) & Construction & Construction (2)(i) Section Construction Regulation 6(2): Regulation Construction Ficksburg Setsoto LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Fouriesburg Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Frankfort Mafube LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Gariep Dam Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Groenpunt Mangaung LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Maluti A Phofung Harrismith LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Heilbron Ngwathe LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Hennenman Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Hertzogville Tokologo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Hobhouse Mantsopa LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Holly Country Metsimaholo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Hoopstad Tswelopele LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Jacobsdal Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Jagersfontein Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Maluti A Phofung Kestell LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Koffiefontein Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Koppies Ngwathe LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Kragbron Ngwathe LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Kroonstad Moqhaka LM C NC C C NC NC NC NI NC C Kutlwanong Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Lady Brand Mantsopa LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Lindley Nketoana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Luckhoff Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Makwane Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Marquard Setsoto LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Mmamahabane Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Memel Phumelela LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Moeding Setsoto LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Namahadi Mafube LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Northern Works Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Odendaalsrus Matjhabeng LM (A/S) C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Odendaalsrus Matjhabeng LM (O/P) NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Oppermans Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Oranjeville Metsimaholo NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Parys Ngwathe LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Paul Roux Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Petrus Steyn Nketoana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Petrusburg Letsemeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Philippolis Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Maluti A Phofung Phutaditjhaba #1 LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Phutaditjhaba #2 Maluti A Phofung NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI

- 40 -

WWTW Municipality Compliance Requirements according to OHS Act 85 of 1998

Assistant

Appointed Appointed

Appointed Appointed

Competent Competent

Supervisor

Appointed Appointed

Health and Safety Health and

ral Machinery Machinery ral

Supervisor

Representative

Supervisorof Machinery

-

Supervision of Machinery

Appointed First Appointed Aider

-

General Machinery Machinery General Machinery General Gene

Appointed Plant Appointed Operator

3:

to Machinery Supervisor

Section 16(2): Section

4: 4: ResponsiblePlant

ManagementRepresentative

Regulation 6(1): Regulation

Regulation 2(1): Regulation 2(1): Regulation

Section 17: 17: Section

Section 8(2) (i)": (i)": 8(2) Section

General Safety Regulation Regulation Safety General Regulation Safety General

Regulation 2(7)(a): 2(7)(a): Regulation

Person Person

ReticulationNetwork Supervisor

Person

Assistantto Reticulation Network

Section (2)(i) & Construction & Construction (2)(i) Section Construction Regulation 6(2): Regulation Construction LM Phomolong Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Reddersburg Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Reitz Nketoana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Rosendal Dihlabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Rouxville Mohokare LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Sasolburg Mohokare LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Senekal Setsoto LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Smithfield Mohokare LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Soutpan (Old) Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Soutpan (New) Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Springfontein Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Steynsrus Moqhaka LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Thaba Nchu Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Thabong Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C C C Theronia Matjhabeng LM C NI C NC NC NI C C NI C Theunissen Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Tikwana Tswelopele LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Trompsburg Kopanong LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Tweeling Mafube LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Tweespruit Mantsopa LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Van Stadensrus Naledi LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Verkeerdevlei Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Vierfontein Moqhaka LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM C NC C C NC NC NC NI NC C Villiers Mafube LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Virginia Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Vrede Phumelela LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Vredefort Metsimaholo LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Warden Phumelela LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Welvaart Mangaung LM C C C C C C C C C C Wepener Naledi LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Wesselsbron Nala LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Whites Nala LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Winburg Masilonyana LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Witpan Matjhabeng LM NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI NI Zastron Mohokare LM NI C C C NC NI NC NC NC C

- 41 -

I. Weighted Prioritization of Potentially High-Risk Wastewater Treatment Works

Definition of risk:

The possibility of suffering harm or loss / a factor, thing, element or cause

involving uncertain danger / chance of disaster or loss / put in jeopardy.

Based on the findings of this regional assessment, Weighting Factors (WF) has been assigned to four risk areas. These risk areas have been selected to calculate a cumulative value and develop an overall risk profile and prioritised list comprise of:  Design Capacity Of Plant which also represent the hydraulic loading onto the receiving water body  Flow Amount Exceeding-, On- and Below Capacity  Number Of Non-Compliance Trends in terms of Effluent Compliance as discharged to the receiving water body  Compliance (C) / Non-Compliance (NC) ito Technical Skills

No of NC Design Capacity Capacity Exceedance Weighting Factor (WF) for the various priorities: WF WF WF Parameter WF (Ml/d) (%) Failures

Superintendent & Process Controllers & Maintenance Team in place 1 > 400 7

> 151 % 5 9

Superintendent + Maintenance Team & No Process Controllers 201 - 400 6 101-150% 4 8

Process Controllers+ Maintenance Team & No Superintendent 2 101 - 200 5 51-100% 3 7

Process Controllers+ Superintendent & No Maintenance Team 51 - 100 4 Rating 11 – 50% 2 6

Superintendent & No Maintenance Team & No Process Controllers 21 - 50 3 =>0 -10 % 1 5 Capacity Exceedance

Process Controllers & No Maintenance Team & No Superintendent 3 05 - 20. 2 < 0% 0 4 Design Capacity Rating Technical Technical Skills Rating Maintenance Team & No Superintendent & No Process Controllers <5 1 3

No superintendent & No Process Controllers 4 Effluent Failure Rating 2

1 0

Note: “No Information” and ‘no monitoring’ are weighted on the highest level within the WF section in the case of WF(B) – exceeding design capacity. When NI is apparent for design capacity WF(A), then an ‘assumed’ Class works is taken to allocate a WF “Undetermined”= ‘no information’ = “0” (when NI under exceeding capacity)

According to the formulae logic, the lowest CRR that can be achieved will be “1” and the highest CRR possible will be ‘48”

- 42 -

Prioritization: Risk Profile of the Free State Province

Secon Third d First Order Risk Order Order Risk

Risk

-

ls ls

(C)

(A)

(D)

(Ml/D)

(A) (B)

(A*B+C+D)

Skills

WMA

Compliance Compliance

Priority Priority

-

Capacity

Rating Rating

Rating Rating

Rating Rating

Actual Flow Flow Actual

Capacity(%)

Plant Plant

Flow Amount Amount Flow

TechnicalSkil

Trends ForTrendsThe

Amount (Ml/D) Amount

Effluent Failure Effluent

Flow Exceeding Flow

Design Capacity Design Risk Cumulative

Number Of Non NumberOf

Non

Compliance (NC) Compliance

Name Of WWTW NameOf

(NC) Technical ito

Local Municipality Local

Rating

Exceeding /On and/OnExceeding Capacity(%) Below

Design Capacity Of CapacityOf Design

Exceedance Rating ExceedanceRating Various Parameters Various Middle 1 37.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Sasolburg Mohokare LM Vaal 3 5 9 4 28 Upper 2 23.0 NI NI 6 2 151 Bethlehem Dihlabeng LM Orange 3 5 6 2 23 Middle 3 Mangaung LM 10.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Groenpunt Vaal 2 5 9 4 23 Upper 4 Letsemeng LM 10.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Luckhoff Orange 2 5 9 4 23 Odendaalsrus Lower 5 Matjhabeng LM 6.0 NI NI 9 4 151 (A/S) Vaal 2 5 9 4 23 Upper 6 Bloemspruit 56.0 67.0 -11 5 1 120 Mangaung LM Orange 4 4 5 1 22 Lower 7 Witpan Matjhabeng LM 28.0 NI NI 5 2 151 Vaal 3 5 5 2 22 Upper 8 Mantsopa LM 10.0 NI NI 7 4 151 Hobhouse Orange 2 5 7 4 21 Middle 9 Moqhaka LM 22.0 NI NI 5 1 151 Kroonstad Vaal 3 5 5 1 21 Lower 10 Masilonyana LM 10.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Soutpan (Old) Vaal 2 5 6 4 20 Upper 11 Naledi LM 5.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Wepener Orange 2 5 6 4 20 Lower 12 Nala LM 5.0 NI NI 5 4 151 Bothaville Vaal 2 5 5 4 19 Middle 13 Ngwathe LM 11.0 7.2 3.8 9 4 65 Parys Vaal 2 3 9 4 19 Middle 14 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Edenville Ngwathe LM Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 15 Mantsopa LM 1.2 NI NI 9 4 151 Excelsior Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 16 Mafube LM 2.8 NI NI 9 4 151 Frankfort Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Maluti A Upper 17 12.0 NI NI 6 2 151 Harrismith Phofung LM Orange 2 5 6 2 18 Middle 18 Ngwathe LM 4.1 NI NI 9 4 151 Heilbron Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 19 MetsimaholoLM 2.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Holly Country Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Middle 20 Ngwathe LM 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Kragbron Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 21 Mafube LM 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Namahadi Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 22 Letsemeng LM 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Oppermans Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 23 Dihlabeng LM 4.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Paul Roux Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Maluti A Lower 24 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Phutaditjhaba #2 Phofung LM Vaal 1 5 9 4 18

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Prioritization: Risk Profile of the Free State Province

Upper 25 Mohokare LM 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Rouxville Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Upper 26 Mohokare LM 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Smithfield Orange 1 5 9 4 18 Lower 27 Masilonyana LM 0.3 NI NI 9 4 151 Soutpan (New) Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Lower 28 Masilonyana LM 0.3 NI NI 9 4 151 Verkeerdevlei Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Middle 29 0.5 NI NI 9 4 151 Vierfontein Moqhaka LM Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Lower 30 2.0 NI NI 9 4 151 Whites Nala LM Vaal 1 5 9 4 18 Lower 31 Tswelopele LM 1.2 NI NI 8 4 151 Hoopstad Vaal 1 5 8 4 17 Upper 32 Kopanong LM 2.2 NI NI 9 3 151 Jagersfontein Orange 1 5 9 3 17 Middle 33 Metsimaholo 0.5 NI NI 9 3 151 Oranjeville Vaal 1 5 9 3 17 Middle 34 6.0 0.8 5.2 9 4 13 Vredefort MetsimaholoLM Vaal 2 2 9 4 17 Lower 35 Nala LM 1.2 NI NI 8 4 151 Wesselsbron Vaal 1 5 8 4 17 Lower 36 Tokologo LM 0.7 NI NI 7 4 151 Dealesville Vaal 1 5 7 4 16 Lower 37 Tokologo LM 2.0 NI NI 7 4 151 Hertzogville Vaal 1 5 7 4 16 Odendaalsrus Lower 38 Matjhabeng LM 4.0 NI NI 7 4 151 (O/P) Vaal 1 5 7 4 16 Upper 39 Mafube LM 1.8 NI NI 7 4 151 Villiers Vaal 1 5 7 4 16 Lower 40 2.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Bultfontein Tswelopele LM Vaal 1 5 6 4 15 Upper 41 Kopanong LM 1.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Fauresmith Orange 1 5 6 4 15 Upper 42 Setsoto LM 12.2 NI NI 3 2 151 Ficksburg Orange 2 5 3 2 15 Upper 43 Letsemeng LM 2.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Jacobsdal Orange 1 5 6 4 15 Lower 44 Matjhabeng LM 6.0 5.0 1 6 3 83 Kutlwanong Vaal 2 3 6 3 15 Upper 45 Nketoana LM 3.0 NI NI 7 3 151 Lindley Orange 1 5 7 3 15 Upper 46 Mantsopa LM 1.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Tweespruit Orange 1 5 6 4 15 Upper 47 Naledi LM 3.0 NI NI 6 4 151 Van Stadensrus Orange 1 5 6 4 15 Lower 48 4.0 3.0 1 9 2 75 Allanridge (A/S) Matjhabeng LM Vaal 1 3 9 2 14 Upper 49 1.5 NI NI 6 3 151 Arlington Nketoana LM Orange 1 5 6 3 14 Upper 50 Bloemdustria 0.9 0.5 0.4 9 2 56 Mangaung LM Orange 1 3 9 2 14 Lower 51 Tokologo LM 1.0 NI NI 5 4 151 Boshof Vaal 1 5 5 4 14 Lower 52 Masilonyana LM 2.4 NI NI 5 4 151 Brandfort Vaal 1 5 5 4 14 Upper 53 2.0 NI NI 5 4 151 Dewetsdorp Naledi LM Orange 1 5 5 4 14 Upper 54 Kopanong LM 0.9 NI NI 6 3 151 Edenberg Orange 1 5 6 3 14

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Prioritization: Risk Profile of the Free State Province

Upper 55 Letsemeng LM 1.0 NI NI 5 4 151 Petrusburg Orange 1 5 5 4 14 Upper 56 Kopanong LM 0.5 NI NI 6 3 151 Reddersburg Orange 1 5 6 3 14 Upper 57 5.2 NI NI 2 2 151 Reitz Nketoana LM Orange 2 5 2 2 14 Lower 58 Matjhabeng LM 12.0 10.0 2 6 2 83 Virginia Vaal 2 3 6 2 14 Upper 59 Phumelela LM 0.5 1.4 -0.9 5 4 280 Warden Orange 1 5 5 4 14 Lower 60 Masilonyana LM 1.6 NI NI 5 4 151 Winburg Vaal 1 5 5 4 14 Upper 61 Mohokare LM 1.0 NI NI 5 4 151 Zastron Orange 1 5 5 4 14 Lower 62 2.0 NI NI 6 2 151 Allanridge (O/P) Matjhabeng LM Vaal 1 5 6 2 13 Maluti A Upper 63 4.0 2.0 2 9 2 50 Elands Phofung LM Orange 1 2 9 2 13 Upper 64 Letsemeng LM 1.7 NI NI 4 4 151 Koffiefontein Orange 1 5 4 4 13 Upper 65 Mantsopa LM 2.0 NI NI 4 4 151 Lady Brand Orange 1 5 4 4 13 Lower 66 Matjhabeng LM 4.0 NI NI 4 4 151 Mmamahabane Vaal 1 5 4 4 13 Upper 67 Phumelela LM 0.5 0.8 -0.25 5 4 150 Memel Orange 1 4 5 4 13 Upper 68 Nketoana LM 2.4 NI NI 5 3 151 Petrus Steyn Orange 1 5 5 3 13 Upper 69 Dihlabeng LM 0.5 NI NI 5 3 151 Rosendal Orange 1 5 5 3 13 Lower 70 Masilonyana LM 3.5 NI NI 4 4 151 Theunissen Vaal 1 5 4 4 13 Upper 71 0.7 NI NI 5 3 151 Trompsburg Kopanong LM Orange 1 5 5 3 13 Upper 72 Mafube LM 1.0 NI NI 4 4 151 Tweeling Vaal 1 5 4 4 13 Upper 73 Phumelela LM 7.5 5.0 2.5 5 2 67 Vrede Orange 2 3 5 2 13 Upper 74 Bainsvlei 5.0 3.6 1.4 4 2 72 Mangaung LM Orange 2 3 4 2 12 Upper 75 0.5 NI NI 4 3 151 Bethulie Kopanong LM Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Upper 76 1.5 NI NI 4 3 151 Clarens Dihlabeng LM Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Upper 77 Dihlabeng LM 1.9 NI NI 4 3 151 Fouriesburg Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Upper 78 Kopanong LM 2.8 NI NI 4 3 151 Gariep Dam Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Lower 79 Matjhabeng LM 4.0 NI NI 4 3 151 Hennenman Vaal 1 5 4 3 12 Upper 80 2.0 0.5 1.5 9 1 25 Makwane Letsemeng LM Orange 1 2 9 1 12 Upper 81 Setsoto LM 2.5 1.5 1 6 3 60 Marquard Orange 1 3 6 3 12 Upper 82 Kopanong LM 0.5 NI NI 4 3 151 Philippolis Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Upper 83 Kopanong LM 0.5 NI NI 4 3 151 Springfontein Orange 1 5 4 3 12 Middle 84 Moqhaka LM 0.5 NI NI 5 2 151 Steynsrus Vaal 1 5 5 2 12

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Prioritization: Risk Profile of the Free State Province

Lower 85 Thabong Matjhabeng LM 12.0 10.0 2 4 2 83 Vaal 2 3 4 2 12 Lower 86 Theronia Matjhabeng LM 17.0 10.0 7 4 2 59 Vaal 2 3 4 2 12 Middle 87 3.5 NI NI 6 1 151 Viljoenskroon Moqhaka LM Vaal 1 5 6 1 12 Upper 88 Welvaart 6.0 4.0 2 5 1 67 Mangaung LM Orange 2 3 5 1 12 Upper 89 Botshabelo 20.0 11.0 9 4 1 55 Mangaung LM Orange 2 3 4 1 11 Upper 90 0.3 NI NI 2 4 151 Cornelia Mafube LM Vaal 1 5 2 4 11 Upper 91 Setsoto LM 4.5 4.0 0.5 5 3 89 Senekal Orange 1 3 5 3 11 Upper 92 Mangaung LM 6.0 3.5 2.5 4 1 58 Thaba Nchu Orange 2 3 4 1 11 Lower 93 Tswelopele LM 0.5 NI NI 2 4 151 Tikwana Vaal 1 5 2 4 11 Metsimaholo Middle 94 2.1 NI NI 2 3 151 Deneysville LM Vaal 1 5 2 3 10 Middle 95 Ngwathe LM 4.0 1.0 3 4 4 25 Koppies Vaal 1 2 4 4 10 Upper 96 Northern Works 7.0 2.5 4.5 4 1 36 Mangaung LM Orange 2 2 4 1 9 Maluti A Upper 97 16.0 12.0 4.0 2 1 75 Phutaditjhaba #1 Phofung LM Orange 2 3 2 1 9 Upper 98 1.5 1.2 0.3 2 3 80 Clocolan Setsoto LM Orange 1 3 2 3 8 Maluti A Upper 99 2.0 NI NI 1 1 151 Kestell Phofung LM Orange 1 5 1 1 7 Upper 100 Matjhabeng LM 4.0 2.0 2.0 3 2 50 Phomolong Orange 1 2 3 2 7 Upper 101 2.0 0.5 1.5 2 1 25 Moeding Setsoto LM Orange 1 2 2 1 5

It needs to be noted that the Effluent weighting does not take into account the "severity" of the type of failure, i.e. E. coli versus Susp Solids * All WWTW are compliant with the Operation and Maintenance of the plants

* Design Capacity Amount Exceeding Capacity indicated with (-) * Design Capacity Amount on Capacity indicated with 0

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J. Concluding Remarks

A high number of WWTWs in the province of the Free State can be considered priority cases with regard to their cumulative risk rating (CRR) profiles, as they impact negatively on the receiving water sources and the surrounding catchments.

Finding 1: A high number of Free State, Wastewater Treatment Works can be considered priority cases with specific areas requiring attention:

 3 of 101 (2%) WWTW’s = Exceeding hydraulic design capacities with verified actual flow.  76 of 101 (75%) WWTW’s = No information (undetermined) as no actual flows were provided.  100 of 101 (99%) WWTW’s = Non-Compliant Trends on 2-9 effluent quality parameters (per plant)*  30 of 101 (29%) WWTW’s = Cumulative risk ratings of 18 – 28, representing the highest risk cases in the region.

Note:  Although not forming part of the CRR profile, future consideration should be given to the inclusion and analysis of the of the operational and organic design loading at each WWTW  Disinfection remains a process area with the highest evidence of non-compliance, followed closely by the potential overloading of many of the WWTWs  The monitoring of both E coli and Faecal Coli forms is not undertaken for most of the WWTWs. The differentiation between and reasoning for the monitoring of the two parameters is not clearly understood or defined and will need clarification by DWA.

Recommendation 1: Compile letters attached to the proposed booklet that each municipality will receive after the assessment representing their WWTWs profiles as well as on how their WWTWs compared to other WWTWs. It would be suggested to apply an ‘upscaled, risk-based’ approach or strategic intervention by targeting each WSA, OR the WSAs and the problematic WWTWs that fall within the tertiary or secondary catchments in the respective WMAs in the Free State. Ideally this would be the case for the WSAs where their collective WWTWs hold the highest impact and/or where there is already a high degree of non co-operation evident, and where the DWA Regional Office has the capacity to maximise its support and regulatory interventions.

The WSA would have to present to DWA a corrective Plan of Action, as stipulated in the Enforcement Protocol. Caution should be exercised and where possible support (and pressure) be provided before proceeding too rapidly with formal legal action, as this would discourage most municipalities to cooperate with DWA and to address the areas that leads to effluent non-compliance. Where it is deemed as necessary to follow the route of the Enforcement Protocol, a spirit of co-operative governance must be maintained during phases 1 to 6 of the Protocol application, as this will ensure that the WSA, DLG and DWA work collectively towards a compliance solution. It is required that the counterpart of DWA at Provincial Local Government and Traditional Affairs be engaged and informed of the process at the early stages of engagement with the WSA. As support is also a high priority in DWA Free State and national offices and “Sector Collaboration” serves a complimentary role to that or regulations, it is advised that the appropriate support be mobilised in order to rectify non-compliance situations. The full business process of the Protocol should only be considered when the WSA shows that no action, planning or will exists to resolve the situation. Monitoring and evaluation of the PoAs are critical in taking the Enforcement Protocol through its entire business process.

In addition, it is required to rethink on how to best apply the role of DWA as Regulator. This is a pressing matter and needs some firm resolution sooner than later. DWA Regional Offices understand the need to strengthen enforcement and compliance monitoring within the framework provided for in the 2008

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Regulations Strategy, but the balance between regulation and support in practice need to be refined. Capacity and experience with the role of Regulator is also not fully developed at regional level, as expertise and relationships with municipalities have been developed solely in the ‘support’ context and frameworks. A paradigm shift and transformation in roles are possible, if clarity and operational capacity can be addressed.

More detailed assessments or audits may be commissioned to assess the most problematic plants and may be mobilised via DWA WSR, WSP Support and WSSCU units.

Finding 2: Licenses, Permit and General Authorisations are in general (1) not in place, (2) expired, (3) in the process of being applied for. In some cases, applications have already been submitted to DWA, but not issued due to backlogs and internal capacity constraints to process and follow-up on the respective applications. The following scenarios may possibly explain this:

 Lost in the process or having an unknown status since the transferral of the WWTWs from DWA or Department of Public Works to the respective WSA  A backlog exists in the DWA Regional Office, impacting negatively on the processing of the applications. This has been a specific concern raised by some of the WSAs that applications have been submitted but not as of yet issued by the DWA Regional Office  Applications have been submitted to DWA, who found these to be sub-standard or lacking information and returned to the WSA/WSP with request to rectify and resubmit. In such cases, the necessary follow-up action has not been undertaken by DWA, and neither is the WSA addressing the request  License applications are not completed or submitted by the municipality due to poor knowledge regarding this legal requirement, capacity or expertise problems, inter alia.

Recommendation 2: DWA faces potentially counter-productive actions to proceed with enforcement and regulation if the licences are not in place. WSAs are prone to use this status to ‘counter’ any regulatory action by DWA, and this may delay any productive and corrective action on WWTW level. Registration of WWTWs (Class A to E) needs to be completed as a matter of urgency.

Following this or in parallel, it is required to evaluate and respond to all licence applications. A significant licensing backlog exists in the Free State and municipalities may use this situation to pardon their status of non-compliance. DWA should be aware of two aspects of this licensing process:

 Regulations approach: DWA will follow the regulations route by assessing, referring back or issuing licenses, followed by rigid programmes of monitoring and evaluation  LG Support approach: However, DWA may also be required to support municipalities in cases where technical capacity does not exist to complete such licence applications

Finding 3: Although the DWA electronic databases provide valuable data and tools to enable monitoring and reporting on the status of the WWTWs, the data integrity is still sensitive of nature, and the data received from most WSAs still need to be checked and verified. This is at this point in time unfortunately not the case for the municipalities that are supposed to submit the data on the system and reports timeously. Some municipalities had data on the eWQMS dated at 2007 only, and in some other cases the data submission lags a couple of months or more behind. The implication to the regulator may translate to DWA not being in a firm position to monitor and react promptly to situations of non-compliance. The PMRS system has significant potential to assist with the regulatory and performance requirements of wastewater services, but is still in early implementation phase.

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Recommendation 3: The DWA electronic system/s must be used to capture wastewater data on an ongoing basis, to include both compliance monitoring by the WSA and DWA random compliance monitoring. Intelligence is required from these systems to provide early warning signs for the regional inspectors to take up non-compliance with the municipality. The establishment and commissioning a nation-wide information management system and wastewater database must also be finalised. Apart from the investigations by DWA, a comprehensive database is also being developed by DPLG, as well as the work that is being done by SALGA (transferred WWTWs), ERWAT (51 WWTWs) and GDACE (focussing development linked capacity). Coordination of these efforts is of utmost importance.

Finding 4: Although no direct linkage could be made between final effluent non-compliance and the design capacities (hydraulic and organic load) of the WWTW, it could be still be construed as significant contributing factors (not stand alone) in the non-compliance in terms of the operations and maintenance undertaken at these WWTWs. There were WWTWs which were under hydraulic stress that performed better than plants with sufficient capacity (see the commentary of the WWTW profiles), and similarly plants that were not hydraulically stressed but with sufficient plant capacity did not comply with the legislated effluent standards. Also there were WWTWs that, although they were not hydraulically stressed, were operating in excess of their organic design load.

In sum, there are many other contributing factors that are responsible for non-compliance including: (1) the availability of information particularly plant specific operation and maintenance manuals and as-built schematics of the Works and related pertinent information like the design capacities of the WWTWs, (2) the skills and experience, correct proportioning, and ongoing training of the operational staff and maintenance team, (3) the capacity and capability, including financial and procurement constraints of the WSA and/or WSP, inter alia that exhibit the ‘Bigger Picture” in the ability of the WWTW to maintain a consistent trend of compliance.

Recommendation 4: Where information is not readily available on the design capacities (hydraulic and organic), it should be communicated to WSAs that a budget allocation be set aside to have these capacities measured and calculated. This should also include the appointment (or outsourcing) of Instrumentation Technician/s, the repair of flow meters and the replacement or installation of meters at all the WWTW plants, and the necessary training provided to the Process Controllers to not only record the daily inflows but to follow incident management protocol where required. Where no flow metering has been undertaken, internal/external resources may be utilised to undertake flow modelling at these Works to establish the average daily flows and to give future projections to the WSA to inform their MTIEF planning process.

These and any other operation and maintenance deficiencies at these WWTWs must be identified and addressed via the supportive route and/or the enforcement route. The application of the new WRC guideline to train and implement a programme for DWA officials to evaluate WWTWs may provide a meaningful focus on wastewater management matters to DWA field officials. The establishment of a specific Forum for Plant Superintendents/Managers and Operators/Process Controllers per WSA or Local Municipality to engage, share and learn on issues pertaining to WWTWs may be a potential solution to the current status quo (WISA has commenced with such a Forum, as well as a Working Group has been established at the Water Quality Conference in Port Elizabeth May 2009). These initiatives need to be communicated to the WSAs, along with the Green Drop incentive.

A costing framework for capital expansions is available in the 2007 revised DPLG MIG Industry Guide, but a costing guide for operations and maintenance costs need to be finalised. The latter appears to be useful and much required by the WSAs as they could use these national benchmarks to motivate their own annual O&M costs, and MTIEF planning and CAPEX budgets.

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Finding 5: Although funds are not the primary cause for non-compliance at these WWTWs, significant O&M backlogs are created, and this is over and above the capital funding required to meet the wastewater demand. Some Councillors are still encouraging residential and related developments in municipalities; whilst the sewer reticulation network and the bulk sanitation treatment facilities have inadequate capacity (physical, financial and human) to deal with further (increased) demands.

Recommendation 5:

Critical linkages must be made between various initiatives and priorities to address this problem from a holistic point of view. These will include giving wastewater management a prominent profile in the Councillor Development Programme. The programme should include potable water losses and storm water ingress into sewer conveyor systems, and the impact that these have on the WWTW capacity. The implementation of WC/DM in this context as part of the same cycle needs to be encouraged especially in terms of the WSDP provisions. Firm decisions by Councils (ideally in the form of Moratoriums) must be encouraged to prevent LED Portfolio decisions that allow new WWTWs to be constructed without first refurbishing or rehabilitating or upgrading the WWTWs and conveyor infrastructure. The findings of this assessment need to be communicated to National Treasury and MEC LG with specific request to address the O&M requirements of WWTWs with local government.

Finding 6: The province of Free State is not unique with regard to the aforementioned challenges. High level 1st order assessments undertaken for Gauteng, Western Cape, Eastern Cape, KZN and North West to mention a few indicate similar trends and also require focussed interventions to rectify situations of non-compliant WWTWs. Northern Cape has already commenced to ‘operationalise’ the Enforcement Protocol by systematic site investigations to a number of WWTWs in the area, and following these up with requests for corrective Plans of Actions from the municipalities.

Recommendation 6: The approach, procedures, methodology and outcomes from implementation of the Enforcement Protocol, within the context of ‘regulatory driven support’, must be captured and documented as a ‘lesson learning’ and be used to expand the protocol to the other priority municipalities. With wastewater management and technical skills identified as one of the truly scarce skills in South Africa, and realising that addressing the skills gap with rigorous training and ongoing capacity building will require time and the resources to boot. It is therefore essential that the wastewater and water resource management sectors look at or revisit other alternative vehicles for service delivery in this discipline (as introduced in finding 7 to follow).

Finding 7: As stated in the previous finding above, wastewater management and technical skills can be regarded as a ‘scarce’ skill in South Africa. This is also evident when studying the vacancies and the skills non-compliance profiles indicated in the previous section in this assessment. Alternative vehicles of the management, operation and maintenance of WWTWs need to be considered. Findings from Frost and Sullivan (2007) “Procurement processes and outsourcing in the South African water and wastewater market” indicate that:  Legislative drivers (bylaws and regulations) in the SA wastewater market are beginning to be effectively enforced as industrial activities increase  The rate of construction of municipal infrastructure far exceeds the amount of skill and labour required to manage these assets, and municipalities will need to find alternative means of managing and maintaining their assets  Despite the need to outsource wastewater treatment functions, municipalities are faced with limited financing from the government, hence they are less involved in outsourcing activities to WSPs in the wastewater segments;

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 Municipalities and industries that are inclined to engage suppliers with proven industry experience, good customer service and quality equipment. Outsourcing companies need to be BEE complaint and provide after sales support in order to achieve sustained growth within the wastewater market.

Recommendation 7: DWA, development and private financiers need to investigate and encourage alternative vehicles for wastewater services delivery. Chasing a “green drop” or Concentrating, mobilising and development of existing skills staying in the clear from a centres and harvesting of private sector expertise and involvement “purple drop” has become a become critical, as these bodies provide the majority of the skills target for most pool in the wastewater services discipline. Outsourcing companies municipalities. need to provide services that incorporate ‘total package solutions’ This incentive based to municipalities if they are to penetrate this market. Skills and regulation is largely competency (capability) development must be intrinsically part of responsible for the increased such initiatives. Suppliers need to provide solutions that are unique awareness and ‘urgent’ and tailor-made to the needs of the municipalities. This is already implementation measures taken up by private sector and industry and the same principles taken by WSAs to improve and models can be used by the public sector. Both markets are their wastewater treatment unsaturated and lend itself to interest by private sector performance involvement, as well as sourcing development funding and private investment.

Development bankers and financiers need to relook financial models to address this specific need and opportunity. Equity, development finance, bonds and loans facilities need to be packaged to address the need of the wastewater market, whilst addressing the revenue and sustainability elements on a long term. Financial remodelling needs to consider raising an appetite for investment. Returns on investment in this market will realistically consider returns over a longer term, and need to establish itself in reviving and replacing old tariff systems, create relevant skill and competency, and identify and develop opportunities from ‘by-products’ from wastewater processes that holds environmental and revenue potential. Some examples include energy (biogas-methane) development, agricultural use of bio solids, fish and algae production from wastewater infrastructure to contribute to food and animal feed shortages. The Development Bank of South Africa (DBSA) confirmed that a draft financial model for the wastewater market is under formulation and is also investigating ‘technology choices’ in the wastewater sector.

At the same time, it is crucial that DWA reposition its ‘support’ units and initiatives to assist municipalities to develop, implement, manage and monitor such outsourcing and financing arrangements adequately. It is also crucial that DWA consider the ‘shortage’ in this discipline when removing wastewater management responsibilities from local government and placing it under new arrangement, as an outcome of completing the full course of the Enforcement Protocol (Step 7 - legal action). The ‘replacement vehicle’ needs to be able to meet the very same requirements that were failed at municipal level.

The Green Drop incentive-based initiative has served South Africa and the sector well in promoting and raising wastewater issues to the forefront of water services- and resources agendas. The annual process of Green Drop assessment and continued assessment to tract improvement or retrogressing on the status of wastewater treatment works in the region (Free State) and in South Africa need to be refined and implemented with Phase 2 of the Green Drop process. The Green Drop results, coupled with annual monitoring of the CRR, will have a tremendous impact in raising performance via incentive and risk-based approaches. This will put South Africa at the forefront of best practice internationally to address the particular challenges faced by the wastewater sector over the short to medium term. ______

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Due to the nature of the non-compliance, the following high-level priorities can be pursued. These priorities can be planned in more detail to consider and cover the findings and recommendations listed above.

Priority indicator 1: total impact based on weighted 4 risk areas

The weighted prioritisation table provides the names of the WWTWs that are regarded to have the highest impact on the receiving environment and/or the non co-operation of two of the District municipalities in this assessment. The impact is determined based on 4 different risk areas, with the final weighing factor then reflecting the load by: (1) the plant capacity, (2) design capacity exceedance, (3) effluent parameter failures, and (4) technical skills gaps. It is recommended that WWTWs in the top 30 (29% of the total WWTWs) receive priority attention, as they present the highest risk overall (CRR 18 – 28). This would narrow the initial focus to include the following LMs: Mohokare, Dihlabeng, Kopanong, Letsemeng, Matjhabeng, Mangaung, Mantsopa, Moqhaka, Masilonyana, Naledi, Nala, Ngwathe, Mafube, Maluti A Phofung, and Setsoto. Findings 1 and 6 have reference here.

Priority indicator 2: exceeding design capacity

Prioritisation in terms of exceeding design capacity can also serve to inform a targeted process to address non-compliance, if such need is preferred above the Priority 1 approach of addressing the ‘total impact’. Findings 1 and 4 have reference here.

Priority indicator 3: exceeding >3 effluent quality parameters

Prioritisation in terms of the works being unable to meet three or more effluent quality determinants can also serve to inform a targeted process to address non-compliance. Findings 1 and 4 have reference here. Findings 1, 3 and 4 have reference here.

The most critical WWTWs, or the WWTWs within non co-operative municipalities, could be earmarked for more detailed assessments, which can be used at, or following the recommendations as indicated under Finding 1. The assessment should aim to take a multi-disciplinary approach by taking into consideration technical, economic, human resources, legal and environmental aspects. The site assessment should further attempt to make technical (or other) recommendations in order to address the issue of overall non- compliance.

It is recommended that the current practice of site-inspections by DWA personnel continue, but that the efforts are expanded to include issues of capacity, quality, etc to ensure that the risk profile can be updated with regular intervals – using the existing processes in the regional offices.

In conclusion, the current introduction and roll-out nationally of the Blue and Green Drop initiative will continue to contribute significantly and positively in creating the awareness and the incentive to municipalities. This will act as the KEY CATALYST that would facilitate appropriate steps by the municipalities to increase the performance of their WWTWs and to remedy/rectify the current situations of non-compliance and non co-operation. Chasing a “green drop” or staying clear of a “purple drop” would become the target for most municipalities.

Note to all aforementioned areas: The most critical works could be marked for detailed assessments, which can be used at- or following the recommendations under Finding 1. It is recommended that such assessments be reserved to the low capacity municipalities, as the metropolitan and larger municipalities usually have sufficient resources to conduct details assessments themselves. The assessment should aim to take a multi-disciplinary approach by taking into consideration technical, economic, human resources, legal and environmental aspects. The site assessment

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should further attempt to make technical (or other) recommendations in order to address the issue of non- compliance.

Finally, the need to ensure that wastewater quality data is captured, monitored, acted upon and made available through the electronic Water Quality Management System is an item that needs to be pursued on an ongoing basis.

A consistent and serious concern that applies to most of the works is that their Biological Quality (Health), indicated by E. coli and Faecal coliform control parameters would not appear to be consistently monitored or sampled.

Escherichia coli (E.coli) are used as an indicator of faecal pollution by warm blooded animals (often interpreted as human faecal pollution). The presence of faecal pollution by warm blooded animals may indicate the presence of pathogens responsible for infectious disease such as gastroenteritis, cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever after ingestion of contaminated water.

The risks of being infected correlates with the level of contamination of the water and the amount of contaminated water consumed. Higher concentrations of E.coli in water will indicate a higher risk of contracting waterborne disease, even if small amounts of water are consumed. Any bacteriological failure with regards to E. coli can therefore be considered a direct indication of risk to health.

Similarly, faecal coli form bacteria are found in water wherever the water is contaminated with faecal waste of human or animal origin. Faecal coli forms are primarily used to indicate the presence of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Yersinia enterocolitica and pathogenic E. coli. These organisms can be transmitted via the faecal/oral route by contaminated or poorly treated water and may cause diseases such as gastroenteritis, salmonellosis, dysentery, cholera and typhoid fever.

The risks of being infected correlates with the level of contamination of the water and the amount of contaminated water consumed. Higher concentrations of faecal coliforms in water will indicate a higher risk of contracting waterborne disease, even if small amounts of water are consumed. Also to note is that for any treated wastewater discharges, 0% failure with regards to specified limits for faecal coli forms is required. Any bacteriological failure with regards to faecal coli forms can therefore be considered as a direct indication of risk to health. If the percentage failure exceeds the required limits shown above, intervention is required to rectify the situation (e.g. optimise disinfection).

In the light of recent Cholera outbreaks, it is thus recommended that urgent attention is given to ensuring that these parameters are being monitored regularly at the various works.

K. Reference

i. Statement to Parliament on ‘water crisis’: Speech by Mrs LB Hendricks, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry: Parliament, Cape Town: 11 March 2008, (http://www.DWA.gov.za/minister/Default_dates06.asp?year=2008); ii. The WRC Report on Wastewater Treatment In South Africa : “ From Crisis To Compliance: Final: Report No: 8011/8295/3/P, Submitted to: Water Research Commission and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry by Golder Associates Africa and Zitholele Consulting, August 2006; iii. National Water Summit: Speech by Mrs LB Hendricks, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry: Gallagher Estate, Midrand, Gauteng : 17 March 2008: Theme: WATER SUSTAINING LIVES AND ENABLING GROWTH, (http://www.DWA.gov.za/minister/Default_dates06.asp?year=2008);

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iv. Launch of Masibambane III: Speech by Mrs LB Hendricks, Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry: Gallagher Estate, Midrand, Gauteng: 17 March 2008: (http://www.DWA.gov.za/minister/Default_dates06.asp?year=2008); v. Department on Water Services briefing Parliamentary Monitoring Group: Parliament of South Africa :Minutes: 10 Sept 2003, (http://www.pmg.org.za); vi. REPORT ON: The Applicability and Economic Consideration of Various Wastewater Treatment Technologies to Effluents Arising from Waterborne Sewage Technology Evaluation Module: Revision : Draft 04: Submitted to: Water Research Commission and the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry: Golder Associates Africa and Zitholele Consulting: March 2006: 8011/7636/1/P; vii. Wastewater Treatment in South Africa; viii. Field Evaluation of the Status and Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Final: Submitted to: Water Research Commission and The Department of Water Affairs and Forestry by Golder Associates Africa and Zitholele Consulting, August 2006; ix. Web-based Article: Sewerage shapes up as next crisis: dated Tuesday, March 18, 2008 on InternAfrica; x. ISSN 0378-4738 = Water SA Vol. 28 No. 4 October 2002 463 : Conference Paper: A modified method to determine biomass concentration as COD in pure cultures and in activated sludge systems: by Edgardo M Contreras, Nora C Bertola, Leda Giannuzzi and Noemi E Zaritzky, (http://www.wrc.org.za); xi. Engineering news article: Water treatment facility upgrade meets 2010 standards: Christy van der Merwe, (http://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article.php?a_id=105503); xii. Free State State of the Environment Report: , (www. environment.gov.za/soer/reports/freestate.html.); xiii. Article from IMIESA: April 2004: Latest Design, (http://search.sabinet.co.za/images/ejour/imiesa/imiesa_v29_n4_a22.pdf); xiv. Draft Regulations For The Registration Of Waterworks And Process Controllers: Government Gazette No. 28557: 24 February 2006: No. R. 181 24 February 2006: National Water Act, 1998; xv. Government Gazette 18 May 1984 No. 9225: Regulation No. 991 18 May 1984: Requirements For The Purification Of Waste Water Or Effluent: General and Special Standards; xvi. Act No. 108, 1997 WATER SERVICES ACT, 1997; xvii. Free State Provincial Water Sector Plan ; xviii. Free State State of the Environment Report; xix. Free State Spatial Development Framework, 2007; xx. Guidelines for Land Use Schemes, Free State Department of Local Government and Housing, March 2006; http://www.fs.gov.za/Departments/FINANCE/economic/opportunities/opportunities.htm; xxi. National Spatial Development Perspective, March 2003; xxii. Reviewed Free State Growth and Development Strategy, 2007-2014; xxiii. Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality Integrated Development Plan 2007/08; xxiv. Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality, Spatial Development Framework, 2005/06 IDP Review Cycle; xxv. Thabo Mofutsanyane Industrial Development Strategy, Draft Report, Urban-Econ Development Economists, 2006; xxvi. Free State Spatial Development Framework, 2007;

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xxvii. 2003/2006 Strategic Plan of the Department of Agriculture; xxviii. DWA Report: Water Use Charges for Government Water Schemes and Water Resources Management Charges for the Free State Region 2004/2005; xxix. DWA- State of the Rivers Report – Free State.

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