DOCSLIB.ORG

LRI Monthly: May 2018

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LRI Monthly: May 2018 LRI Monthly: May 2018 Email: [email protected] | Website: www.livericeindex.com | Tel: +44 (0) 203 904 4658 - © Copyright 2018 China’s Belt and Road Initiative: Truly a ‘win-win’ situation? May 2018 Is the Belt and Road Initiative an opportunity for significant global economic development or a method of extending China’s political and economic control? China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is The Initiative viewed as one of the largest infrastructure The BRI encompasses many different and investment projects in history. It was infrastructural projects, which can be divided into announced by China’s President Xi Jinping the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century during a visit to Kazakhstan in 2013 as a series Maritime Silk Road. of development projects that would connect and enhance cooperation between Eurasian The Silk Road Economic Belt includes countries countries. It covers more than 86 countries, situated on the original Silk Road, many of represents the economic interests of 65% of whom are also members of the China-led Asian the world’s population, accounts for 40% of Infrastructure Investment Bank. It includes the global gross domestic product (GDP) and has China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a US $62 the potential to accelerate economic growth billion collection of infrastructure projects aimed across the Asia-Pacific area, Central and at rapidly modernising Pakistan’s transportation Eastern Europe and East Africa. Many of the networks. There are also improvements to countries involved are major rice consuming transport links being made from western China to © Shutterstock/ thi and producing nations and the potential Turkey (the China-Central Asia-West Asia Corridor), economic benefits of the initiative to them from China to Myanmar (the Bangladesh-China- are numerous. Myanmar Economic Corridor) and from southern @Wikimedia Commons/ Shimshalee China to Singapore (the China-Indochina Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan with China However, many argue that the economic Peninsula Corridor). China’s direct investment in prosperity of these countries is not China’s regions along the Silk Road totalled US $170 billion conditions on debt management or is denied also benefits the global economy by improving real priority and that the investments could between 2014 - 2018, including a 3.5% year-on-year because of political or economic instability. For transport links on land and by sea. However, there do more economic harm than good. Some rise to US $14.4 billion in 2017. example, Sri Lanka accepted loans and financing are benefits that China alone enjoys through the see the project as a way to extend China’s from China after the end of the civil war in 2009 and BRI. influence across the world; analysts have The Maritime Silk Road is an initiative aimed at as the U.S. and Europe withdrew financial support. compared it with the U.S.’s 1948 Marshall improving transport links across bodies of water Myanmar accepted support from China when it was Economically, the BRI is allowing China to gain Plan, when the U.S. gave its Second World via international shipping lanes to complement imposed with Western sanctions following a military greater control over its supply chains. China War allies economic assistance, while the Silk Road Economic Belt. It includes the coup and Iran did the same when it was imposed accomodates 22% of the world’s population but excluding its enemies. There is a global need China-Indian Ocean-Africa-Mediterranean Sea with sanctions due to its nuclear weapons policy. only has 7% of the world’s arable land. Much of this for infrastructural investment; according to Blue Economic Passage, the China-Oceania-South U.S. and European investments have also dwindled land has been damaged by excessive agricultural the World Pensions Council, Asia (excluding Pacific Blue Economic Passage and cooperation in countries that have suffered from extremist production and pollution and the country relies China) will require as much as US $900 between Russia and China for development in the violence, such as Pakistan and Bangladesh. China’s on imports to ensure its food security. Improving billion worth of infrastructure investments Arctic region (the Ice Silk Road). willingness to invest in countries where other major bilateral trade with other countries protects the per year for the next 10 years. Although powers show reluctance may be the only way that Chinese economy from a slowdown in European China, through the BRI, is attempting to Benefits for the Belt and Road countries the infrastructural requirements for economic or American demand and also directly challenges fulfil a proportion of this requirement, the Many of the countries involved in the BRI have development are met. the traditional view of world trade by treating investments have given most of the countries few options but to turn to China for investment. Asia and Europe as a single space with China as a involved a high level of debt. Theoretically, Financial assistance from supra-national bodies Benefits for China focal point, rather than divided into the two main China can then use any defaults on debt or Western governments and institutions often The Chinese government has called the BRI a ‘win- trading regions of the trans-Atlantic (Europe) and repayments as political leverage, causing comes with a requirement for greater political and win situation’; improved infrastructure that not only trans-Pacific (Asia), with the U.S. as the focal point. countries to risk a partial loss of sovereignty. economic liberalisation, is delayed by stringent assists the respective BRI country’s economy but Since 2013, China’s trade volume with countries Email: [email protected] | Website: www.livericeindex.com | Tel: +44 (0) 203 904 4658 - © Copyright 2018 Page 02 May 2018 along the Belt and Road routes has exceeded The impacts of debt lack of transparency of China’s investments. In US $5 trillion and grew by 14.2% in 2017, a record A Harvard University report submitted to 2017, the governor of the State Bank of Pakistan jobs for local communities, an estimated 89% annual increase in 6 years. China’s imports the U.S. State Department accused China of went on record claiming that he did not know of projects that fall under the BRI have been from these countries were worth over US $666 ‘debtbook diplomacy’. It argues that China is the breakdown of China’s funding; ‘how much implemented by Chinese companies. Personnel billion in 2017, around 25% of the total value of using debt incurred by BRI investment to gain is debt, how much is equity, how much is kind flow between China and other countries and China’s imports. The BRI also eases the burden of political leverage with economically vulnerable [goods and services]’. regions involved in the BRI rose by 31% between excessive domestic industrial production as it can countries. Loans were made attractive by 2013 – 2017 to 26.5 million (+5% year-on-year). be outsourced to other countries where higher being offered on a longer-term basis and with Pakistan is considered as the BRI country most Chinese companies have been accused of demand has been created. extended grace periods and when the BRI at risk of debt distress. China has pledged undercutting local suppliers, failing to comply countries are unable to make their payments, investments totalling US $62 billion, which with local regulations and not consulting local Politically, the BRI strengthens China’s position China offers debt forgiveness for political represents 20% of the Pakistan’s GDP. If communities about projects. Chinese labourers on the global stage without creating conflict; it influence and strategic equities. completed, CPEC could generate a 2.5% growth have also been accused of cultural insensitivity. is an extension of ‘soft power’. Some view the BRI in the economy and could create 700,000 jobs. as a way of allowing China to reclaim its imperial According to the former president of China’s However, interest rates on the investments are There have been a number of projects that influence with investment and to maintain it with Export-Import Bank, most of the countries as high as 5% and its external debt increased have been stopped temporarily or cancelled infrastructure. Maritime investments (such as port involved in BRI projects do not have the funds to almost US $90 billion at the end of 2017. altogether. These include a US $2.5 billion developments) are viewed as particularly strategic; to pay for them. On average, the countries’ As a result, the country has leased its newly hydropower dam that was due to be built in 80% of China’s imported oil passed through the liability and debt ratios have increased to built Gwadar Port to China for 43 years. Laos Nepal but was cancelled due to a violation of Indian Ocean and the Malacca Strait into the South 35% and 126% respectively, higher than the is also at risk of debt distress as the largest bidding rules, a US $3 billion refinery contract in China Sea in 2016. The Chinese companies involved globally recognised warning levels of 25% for of its BRI projects, a railway linking Vientiane Myanmar which was cancelled due to financing in the port developments often seek to maintain liability and 100% for debt. According to the to the China-Laos border, will cost US $6.7 issues and a US $15 billion high speed railway long-term financial control over the investments, Center of Global Development, 23 countries billion, which is 50% of the country’s GDP. Of Sri in Thailand which was cancelled in 2016 as not either by obtaining a financial position in the port’s involved in the BRI are at risk of debt distress Lanka’s US $48.3 billion of external debt, US $8 enough Thai companies were employed to work management company or by leasing the port.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Prodwrkshp 3.Qxd
    California Rice Production Workshop, v15 Variety Selection and Management Introduction and History Since its beginning in 1912, California’s rice industry limited its produc - tion and marketing largely to a few short and medium grain japonica varieties, developed from stocks originating in Japan and China. These varieties produced good yields of quality rice in the dry, temperate cli - mate of the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys. For the grower, the choice of variety to plant was relatively simple because the few varieties available were similar in performance, yield potential and milling qual - ity when properly managed. Included were Colusa, Caloro and Calrose released in 1918, 1921 and 1948, respectively, and Earlirose, a productive, early maturing, proprietary variety, released in 1965 which soon became a popular variety for cold areas and/or late plantings. These were the major rice varieties grown in California until the early 1970’s. Then, the variety picture began to change significantly. A powerful impetus for this was the enactment of California Rice Research Marketing Order that established the California Rice Research Board in 1969. This grower initiative provided significant and regular funding to hasten development and release of new varieties. The medium grain variety CS-M3 was released in 1970 and the short grain variety CS-S4 in 1971, from rice hybridizations made in 1946 and 1957 at the Rice Experiment Station (RES) at Biggs, CA. CS-M3 gained wide acceptance and competed with the older Calrose for acreage. But, CS-S4, though an improvement over Caloro, was not widely grown because of its suscep - Publicly devel - tibility to low temperature induced sterility.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Japonica Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Varieties and Their Improvement in Terms of Stability, Yield and Cooking Quality by Pure-Line Selection in Thailand
    ESEARCH ARTICLE R ScienceAsia 46 (2020): 157–168 doi: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2020.029 Evaluation of japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties and their improvement in terms of stability, yield and cooking quality by pure-line selection in Thailand Pawat Nakwilaia, Sulaiman Cheabuc, Possawat Narumona, Chatree Saensukb, Siwaret Arikita,b, a,b, Chanate Malumpong ∗ a Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand b Rice Science Center & Rice Gene Discovery Unit, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand c Faculty of Agriculture, Princess of Naradhiwas University, Narathiwat 96000 Thailand ∗Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 3 Aug 2019 Accepted 3 Apr 2020 ABSTRACT: Many companies in Thailand have encouraged farmers, especially those in the northern regions, to cultivate DOA1 and DOA2 japonica rice varieties. Recently, the agronomic traits of DOA1 and DOA2 were altered, affecting yield and cooking quality. Thus, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the agronomic traits and cooking quality of DOA1 and DOA2 and those of exotic japonica varieties in different locations, including the Kamphaeng Saen and Phan districts (WS16). DOA2 was improved by pure-line selection. The results showed that the Phan district was better suited to grow japonica varieties than the Kamphaeng Saen district and that DOA2 produced high grain yields in both locations. Furthermore, DOA2 was selected by the pure-line method in four generations, after which five candidate lines, Tana1 to Tana5, were selected for yield trials. The results of yield trials in three seasons (WS17, DS17/18, WS18) confirmed that Tana1 showed high performance in terms of its agronomic traits and grain yield.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rice Crisis: Markets, Policies and Food Security
    ‘This book, with chapters from many prominent experts, Crisis Rice The presents new evidence from the recent rice price crisis and draws lessons for preventing the next crisis. It is a unique set of references on global food security and the world rice market.’ shenggen Fan, director General, international Food Policy Research institute (iFPRi) ‘This book is a must-read for those who wish to understand the world rice market, trade policies and food security concerns. The Rice Crisis It provides a careful and detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of the 2007 and 2008 global rice crisis. It is written by knowledgeable experts from the key MaRkeTs, PoliCies and Food seCuRiT y rice economy nations.’ Professor eric J. wailes, university of arkansas, usa r-...... he recent escalation of world food prices – particularly for cereals T– prompted mass public indignation and demonstrations in many countries, from the price of tortilla flour in Mexico to that of rice in the Philippines and pasta in Italy. The crisis has important implications for future government trade and food security policies, as countries -3 re-evaluate their reliance on potentially more volatile world markets to augment domestic supplies of staple foods. This book examines how government policies caused and responded to soaring world prices in the particular case of rice, which is the world’s most important source of calories for the poor. Comparable case studies of policy reactions in different countries (principally across Asia, but also including the USA and Africa) provide the understanding necessary to evaluate the impact of trade policy on the food security of poor farmers and consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooking Quality of Sake Rice Variety “Yamadanishiki”
    日本調理科学会誌 Vol.Cooking Quality of Sake 46，No. Rice 3，213～220（2013）Variety “Yamadanishiki”〔Note〕 Cooking Quality of Sake Rice Variety “Yamadanishiki” Tomochika Mizuma*§ In the present study, the cooking quality of the major sake rice variety Yamadanishiki was compared with that of the table-rice variety Koshihikari.（1） Yamadanishiki characteristically contains a certain percentage of white-core grains（grains having a white opaque structure in the center） apart from ordinary non white-core grains. The water absorption rate of white-core grains was higher than that of their ordinary non white-core counterparts. This difference in the water absorption rates could be associated with uneven cooking, particularly if the soaking periods were insufficient. （2） When compared to Koshihikari, Yamadanishiki yielded a larger volume of cooked rice from a smaller amount of raw rice. Sensory texture evaluation showed that cooked Yamadanishiki rice had a good eating quality that was comparable to Koshihikari.（3） Cooked Yamadanishiki rice showed unique texture properties（hard, elastic, and less sticky） that were not found in Koshihikari. From the above results, the application of the unique texture of Yamadanishiki rice in cooking is expected in the future.（4） These texture properties and the cooking quality of Yamadanishiki appear to be related to the high amylose content and unique characteristics of sake rice （i.e., white-core structure and large-sized kernels）. Keyword：sake rice, white-core grains, cooked rice, sensory evaluation, texture consumer needs and declining table-rice consumption, the INtroductIoN Japanese rice farming industry has made considerable Sake rice is a type of rice suitable for brewing Japanese efforts to establish novel cultivars of rice with characteris- sake（rice wine）.
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Utility of Sd1 Alleles in Rice Breeding
    Breeding Science 57 : 53–58 (2007) Genetic and Molecular Analysis of Utility of sd1 Alleles in Rice Breeding Kenji Asano1), Tomonori Takashi2), Kotaro Miura1), Qian Qian3), Hidemi Kitano1), Makoto Matsuoka1) and Motoyuki Ashikari*1) 1) Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan 2) Honda Research Institute Japan Co., Ltd., 2-1-4 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan 3) China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China The widespread adoption of the high-yielding semi-dwarf rice variety, IR8, led to the “green revolution” in Asia in the 1960s. The short stature of this variety is due to a loss-of-function of the SD1 gene that encodes a GA20 oxidase-2 (GA20ox-2) which catalyzes late steps of gibberellin biosynthesis. In this study, we inves- tigated how widely sd1 mutations have been employed in the generation of semi-dwarf varieties of rice. Ge- netic and molecular analyses revealed that the sd1 allele of IR8 has been used in the production of japonica varieties. Sequence analysis of the SD1 locus of 57 semi-dwarf varieties showed that at least 7 sd1 alleles have been used in the breeding of semi-dwarf rice varieties in China, USA and Japan. The utilization of such a high number of different alleles all controlling the same target trait highlights that mutations in GA20ox-2 induce an agronomically advantageous architecture in rice. Key Words: rice, semi-dwarf, sd1, IR8. Introduction (IRRI), contributed to the green revolution in Asia. IR8 was bred by crossing between a Taiwanese native semi-dwarf In the 1960s, the rapid expansion of the world popula- variety, Dee-geo-woo-gen (DGWG), which carries the semi- tion and dramatic decrease in cultivated lands raised concern dwarf 1 (sd1) gene, and an Indonesian good-taste variety, that food production would not meet the growing demand, Peta (Hargrove and Cabanilla 1979, Dalrymple 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Internat Onal Journal of Agr Culture, Env Ronment and Food Sc Ences
    Internatonal Journal of Agrculture, Envronment and Food Scences JAEFS e-ISSN : 2618-5946 DOI: 10.31015/jaefs.18016 www.jaefs.com Research Article Int J Agric Environ Food Sci 2(3):99-103 (2018) Physicochemical properties and morphological observations of selected local rice varieties in northern Afghanistan Zubair Noori1,2,* Mohammad Wasif Mujadidi2,3 Mohammad Wasif Amin4 1The College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0393, Japan 2Kunduz Agriculture Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation, and Livestock of Afghanistan 3Faculty of Agriculture, Kandahar University (KU), Kandahar City, Afghanistan 4Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract In this study, milled rice (Oryza sativa L.) samples of local varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) were procured from Kunduz province, Afghanistan and check varieties (Koshihikari and Super Basmati) from Japan. We conducted the research in the Laboratory of Crop Science of Ibaraki University, Japan during February in 2018, to clarify the physicochemical and morphological traits on different local rice varieties. The results demonstrated that local rice varieties (Sarda Barah, Garma Barah, Surkha Zurahti and Shah Lawangi) from Afghanistan including Super Basmati (Check) with long and slender grains, associated with significantly higher grain amylose and protein contents of 22.9 and 8.1%, respectively, which created in declined taste points. While, Koshihikari with short and medium grain types demonstrated the lowest grain amylose and protein contents of 17.7 and 5.5%, respectively, which amplified grain taste point. The micrographs observations revealed that there were no obvious alterations in the endosperm of translucent grains across varieties.
    [Show full text]
  • Brochure-World of Flavors.Pdf
    SZECHWAN SHRIMP OVER COCONUT RICE Ingredients 4 Servings 12 Servings SAVORING Weights Measures Weights Measures Calrose or New Variety, uncooked medium grain rice 6 oz 1 cup 1 lb 2 oz 3 cups Water 3/4 cup 2 1/4 cups Coconut milk 3/4 cup 2 1/4 cups CALIFORNIA Butter 1 tbsp 3 tbsp TO MAKE SURE YOU RE Salt 1/2 tsp 1 1/2 tsp ’ Honey 1/3 cup 1 cup USING THE FINEST CALIFORNIA RICE… Soy sauce 3 tbsp 1/2 cup Chili garlic paste 3 tbsp 1/2 cup Shrimp, large and peeled 1 lb 3 lbs RICE LOOK FOR OUR CALIFORNIA PREMIUM RICE SEAL OR CHOOSE ONE OF THESE BRANDS THROUGH YOUR AREA SUPPLIER Vegetable oil 1 tbsp 3 tbsp Bell peppers, any color, matchstick strips 3 oz 1 cup 9 oz 3 cups Carrots, matchstick strips 3 1/2 oz 1 cup 10 1/2 oz 3 cups Snow peas, strips 2 3/4 oz 1 cup 8 3/4 oz 3 cups SWEET &SAVORY PILAF Sliced green onions 1/4 cup 3/4 cup DIRECTIONS: Ingredients 4 Servings 12 Servings TM Weights Measures Weights Measures 1. To prepare rice, combine rice, water, coconut milk, butter and salt in a large pot. Bring to a boil; reduce heat and simmer, covered, Butter 1 oz 2 tbsp 3 oz 6 tbsp for 20 minutes. Remove from heat and let stand for 10 minutes. Calrose uncooked medium grain rice 7 oz 1 cup 1 lb 5 oz 3 cups 2. To prepare shrimp, whisk together honey, soy sauce and chili TM Shallots, sliced 2 oz 2 medium 6 oz 6 medium garlic paste in a large bowl.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Novel Semidwarfing Gene D60 Can Be As Effective As
    plants Article Rice Novel Semidwarfing Gene d60 Can Be as Effective as Green Revolution Gene sd1 Motonori Tomita 1,* and Keiichiro Ishimoto 2 1 Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan 2 Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama Minami, Tottori 680-8550, Japan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 3 September 2019; Accepted: 7 October 2019; Published: 30 October 2019 Abstract: Gene effects on the yield performance were compared among promising semidwarf genes, namely, novel gene d60, representative gene sd1 with different two source IR8 and Jukkoku, and double dwarf combinations of d60 with each sd1 allele, in a Koshihikari background. Compared with the culm length of variety Koshihikari (mean, 88.8 cm), that of the semidwarf or double dwarf lines carrying Jukkoku_sd1, IR8_sd1, d60, Jukkoku_sd1 plus d60, or IR8_sd1 plus d60 was shortened to 71.8 cm, 68.5 cm, 65.7 cm, 48.6 cm, and 50.3 cm, respectively. Compared with the yield of Koshihikari (mean, 665.3 g/m2), that of the line carrying Jukkoku_sd1 allele showed the highest value (772.6 g/m2, 16.1% higher than Koshihikari), while that of IR8_sd1, d60 and IR8_sd1 plus d60, was slightly decreased by 7.1%, 5.5%, and 9.7% respectively. The line carrying Jukkoku_sd1 also showed the highest value in number of panicles and florets/panicle, 16.2% and 11.1% higher than in Koshihikari, respectively, and these effects were responsible for the increases in yield.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed-Der Ed Callus' Culture for Selecting Salt-Tolerant Rices
    -kA-L - S. •i IR !RESEARCH PAPER'.ESERIES NUMBER 79 .AUG UST 1982 SEED-DER ED CALLUS' CULTURE FOR SELECTING SALT-TOLERANT RICES PART I CALLUS INDUCTION PLANT REGENERATION, AND VARIATIONS IN VISIBLE PLANT TRAITS K. SUENAGA, E. M. ABRIGO, and S. YOSHIDA The International Rice Research Institute PO. Box 933, Manila, Philippines SEED-DERIVED CALLUS CULTURE FOR SELECTING SALT-TOLERANT hICES. PART I. CALLUS INDUCTION, PLANT REGENERATION, AND VARIATIONS IN VISIBLE PLANT TRAITS 1 ABSTRACT Seed-derived callus culture was used to study cal- quencies of plant regeneration were higher at lus induction and plant regeneraticn in 15 indica higher levels of sodium chloride in all varieties and japonica rice virieties. Effects of different tested. concentrations of scdium chloride in the selection medium on callus growth and subsequent plant re- Variations in visible plant traits were observed generation were also examined. Varieties differed in the regenerated plants (RI) and te subsequent markedly in their ability to induce callus and to generation (R2). In RI plants of Taichung 65, high regenerate plants. Callus induction frequencies sterility (14.6/100 plants), tetraploids (3.4/100 ranged from 32 to 85% in the absence of yeast ex- plants), and other abnormal traits, such as tract ani casein extract. It was, however, in- stripes, open spikelets, etc. (0.9/100 plants) creased to nearly i)0%when they were added. Plant were observed. In R2 seedlings, the pooled chloro­ regeneration frequencies ranged from 0% for IR8, phyll mutation frequency of 1,259 lines was IR26, IR28, 1R30, IR36, and Koshihikari to 62% for 8.8/100 lines.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation Process in Japan
    東北農研研報 BulL Nat1，Agric。Res、Cent．Tohoku Reg．100，93－117（2002） 93 Note Rice Breeding at the National Agricult皿al Research Center for the Tohoku Region（NARCT）and Rice Varietal Recommendation Process in Japan Tadashi TAKITA＊1）and Rena，ndo O．SOLIS＊2） Abstract：This report，specifically，aims to introduce the breeding methodologies at the NARCT as much as the varietal recommendation process being used in Japan which is considerably differen七from that in other countries，In addition，it aims to provide new insights through broader experience in rice breeding。Vastly covered by mountains and forests，Japan cleared about3million hectares for rice cultivation．Despite the scarcity in arable land and the geographical limitation that＆llows Japanese farmers to grow a rice crop only once a year，the country has incredibly managed to stabilize the domestic rice production and grain supply．This remarkable achievement was largely due to the follow－ ing factors：vast irrigation networks，improved rice cultivation techniques，efficient mechanized farming practices，and use of improved varieties that are highly suitab！e to local growing conditions，In the improvement of rice varieties，long before the advent of the Green Revolution，Japan already had a long history of rice varietal improvement through classical breeding．The integrated rice breeding program has been implemented by the Japanese govemment since1903．Complemented by the presence Qf high！y organized farmers’cooperative systems and rice distribution chamels，backed up with strong govemment support through reasonable
    [Show full text]
  • Degruyter Revac Revac-2021-0137 272..292 ++
    Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 2021; 40: 272–292 Review Article Vinita Ramtekey*, Susmita Cherukuri, Kaushalkumar Gunvantray Modha, Ashutosh Kumar*, Udaya Bhaskar Kethineni, Govind Pal, Arvind Nath Singh, and Sanjay Kumar Extraction, characterization, quantification, and application of volatile aromatic compounds from Asian rice cultivars https://doi.org/10.1515/revac-2021-0137 crop and deposits during seed maturation. So far, litera- received December 31, 2020; accepted May 30, 2021 ture has been focused on reporting about aromatic com- Abstract: Rice is the main staple food after wheat for pounds in rice but its extraction, characterization, and fi more than half of the world’s population in Asia. Apart quanti cation using analytical techniques are limited. from carbohydrate source, rice is gaining significant Hence, in the present review, extraction, characterization, - interest in terms of functional foods owing to the presence and application of aromatic compound have been eluci of aromatic compounds that impart health benefits by dated. These VACs can give a new way to food processing fl - lowering glycemic index and rich availability of dietary and beverage industry as bio avor and bioaroma com fibers. The demand for aromatic rice especially basmati pounds that enhance value addition of beverages, food, - rice is expanding in local and global markets as aroma is and fermented products such as gluten free rice breads. considered as the best quality and desirable trait among Furthermore, owing to their nutritional values these VACs fi consumers. There are more than 500 volatile aromatic com- can be used in bioforti cation that ultimately addresses the pounds (VACs) vouched for excellent aroma and flavor in food nutrition security.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Research Studies
    B.R. Wells RICE RESEARCH STUDIES R.J. Norman and J.-F. Meullenet, editors ARKANSAS AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Division of Agriculture University of Arkansas August 2001 Research Series 485 Layout and editing by Marci A. Milus. Technical editing and cover design by Cam Romund. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville. Milo J. Shult, Vice President for Agriculture and Director; Gregory J. Weidemann, Associate Director. PS1.20PM65. The Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station follows a nondiscriminatory policy in programs and employment. ISSN:0099-5010 CODEN:AKAMA6 ISSN:0099-5010 CODEN:AKAMA6 B.R. Wells R I C E Research Studies 2 0 0 0 R.J. Norman and J.-F. Meullenet, editors Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 DEDICATED IN MEMORY OF Bobby R. Wells Dr. Bobby R. Wells was born July 30, 1934, at Wickliffe, KY. He received his B.S. in Agriculture from Murray State University in 1959, his M.S. in Agronomy from the University of Arkansas in 1961, and his Ph.D. in Soils from the University of Missouri in 1964. Dr. Wells joined the faculty of the University of Arkansas in 1966 after two years as an Assistant Professor at Murray State University. He spent his first 16 years at the U of A Rice Research and Extension Center near Stuttgart. In 1982, he moved to the U of A Department of Agronomy in Fayetteville. Dr. Wells was a world-renowned expert on rice production with special empha- sis on rice nutrition and soil fertility. He was very active in the Rice Technical Work- ing Group (RTWG) where he served on several committees, chaired and/or moder- ated Rice Culture sections at the meetings and was a past Secretary and Chairman of the RTWG.
    [Show full text]