DOCSLIB.ORG

Protective Streptomyces in Beewolves

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Protective Streptomyces in Beewolves Protective Streptomyces in beewolves - Ecology, evolutionary history and specificity of symbiont-mediated defense in Philanthini wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) - Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Dipl.-Biol. Sabrina Koehler geboren am 07.11.1982 in Zwickau Protective Streptomyces in beewolves - Ecology, evolutionary history and specificity of symbiont-mediated defense in Philanthini wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) - Seit 1558 Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades „doctor rerum naturalium“ (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt dem Rat der Biologisch-Pharmazeutischen Fakultät der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena von Dipl.-Biol. Sabrina Koehler geboren am 07.11.1982 in Zwickau Das Promotionsgesuch wurde eingereicht und bewilligt am: 14. Oktober 2013 Gutachter: 1) Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Jena 2) Prof. Dr. Erika Kothe, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena 3) Prof. Dr. Cameron Currie, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA Das Promotionskolloquium wurde abgelegt am: 03.März 2014 “There is nothing like looking, if you want to find something. You certainly usually find something, if you look, but it is not always quite the something you were after.” The Hobbit, J.R.R. Tolkien “We are symbionts on a symbiotic planet, and if we care to, we can find symbiosis everywhere.” Symbiotic Planet, Lynn Margulis CONTENTS LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ......................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................... 13 1.1 The biology of Streptomyces ...................................................................................................... 13 1.1.1 Streptomyces life cycle ......................................................................................................... 13 1.1.2 Streptomyces secondary metabolism ................................................................................. 15 1.1.3 Streptomyces as symbionts .................................................................................................. 16 1.2 Evolution and maintenance of bacterial mutualisms ......................................................... 18 1.3 Defensive insect-Actionbacteria symbioses ......................................................................... 19 1.3.1 Protection of the host´s nourishment ........................................................................... 20 1.3.2 Protection of the insect host and its offspring ............................................................ 22 1.4 The biology of the European beewolf Philanthus triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) ................................................................................................. 24 1.4.1 Geographic distribution of Philanthus triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae) ...... 24 1.4.2 Biology of female European beewolves ....................................................................... 24 1.4.3 The beewolf-Streptomyces symbiosis ................................................................................ 27 1.5 Thesis outline ........................................................................................................................... 28 1.5.1 Ecology of Streptomyces-mediated antimicrobial defense ............................................. 28 1.5.2 Evolutionary history of the beewolf-Streptomyces symbiosis ....................................... 28 1.6 References ................................................................................................................................. 30 CHAPTER 2: DYNAMICS OF SYMBIONT-MEDIATED ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION REVEAL EFFICIENT LONG-TERM PROTECTION FOR BEEWOLF OFFSPRING ............................................................................................ 43 2.1 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 43 2.2 Background ............................................................................................................................... 44 2.3 Methods .................................................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Beewolf rearing conditions ............................................................................................. 46 2.3.2 Sample preparation .......................................................................................................... 46 2.3.3 Methanol extraction ......................................................................................................... 46 2.3.4 GC-MS analysis of antibiotics ........................................................................................ 47 2.3.5 DNA/RNA extraction .................................................................................................... 47 2.3.6 Quantification of Streptomyces population size and gene expression ......................... 47 2.3.7 Statistical analysis ............................................................................................................. 49 2.4 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 49 2.4.1 Streptomyces population dynamics on beewolf cocoons ................................................ 49 2.4.2 Dynamics of the antibiotic cocktail and piericidin gene expression.......................... 50 2.4.3 Expression of housekeeping and sporulation genes .................................................... 52 2.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 53 2.5.1 Growth and morphological differnentiation of beewolf symbionts on the cocoon ......................................................................................................................... 53 2.5.2 Dynamics of antibiotic production and PKS gene expression .................................. 54 2.5.3 Stability of antibiotics mediates long-term antimicrobial protection for wasp offspring ............................................................................................................................ 54 2.5.4 The importance of antibiotics for the wasp´s offspring ............................................. 55 2.6 Conclusions .............................................................................................................................. 56 2.7 Supplement ............................................................................................................................... 56 2.7.1 Supplementary methods ................................................................................................... 56 2.7.2 Supplementary figures ...................................................................................................... 60 2.8 References ................................................................................................................................. 61 CHAPTER 3: MATERNAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON SYMBIONT-MEDIATED ANTIMICROBIAL DEFENSE ..................................... 67 3.1 Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... 67 3.2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 68 3.3 Methods and Materials............................................................................................................. 69 3.3.1 Beewolf rearing conditions .............................................................................................. 69 3.3.2 Cocoon collection and experimental conditions .......................................................... 69 3.3.3 Quantification of antibiotics on beewolf cocoons by GC-MS ................................... 70 3.3.4 Quantification of Streptomyces bacterial cells on the cocoon using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) ..................................................................................................... 71 3.3.5 Collection of AGS ............................................................................................................ 71 3.3.6 Chemical analysis of the AGS by GC-MS ..................................................................... 72 3.3.7 Analysis of symbiont cell number and length in the AGS .......................................... 72 3.3.8 Statistical analysis .............................................................................................................. 73 3.4 Results ........................................................................................................................................ 74 3.4.1 Environmental effects on symbiont growth and antibiotic production ................... 74 3.4.2 Maternal investment: AGS .............................................................................................. 75 3.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 76 3.5.1 Effect of temperature and humidity on antibiotic production................................... 76 3.5.2 Effect of pathogen
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pohoria Burda Na Dostupných Historických Mapách Je Aj Cieľom Tohto Príspevku
    OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 27 / 2016 OCHRANA PRÍRODY NATURE CONSERVATION 27 / 2016 Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica Redakčná rada: prof. Dr. Ing. Viliam Pichler doc. RNDr. Ingrid Turisová, PhD. Mgr. Michal Adamec RNDr. Ján Kadlečík Ing. Marta Mútňanová RNDr. Katarína Králiková Recenzenti čísla: RNDr. Michal Ambros, PhD. Mgr. Peter Puchala, PhD. Ing. Jerguš Tesák doc. RNDr. Ingrid Turisová, PhD. Zostavil: RNDr. Katarína Králiková Jayzková korektúra: Mgr. Olga Majerová Grafická úprava: Ing. Viktória Ihringová Vydala: Štátna ochrana prírody Slovenskej republiky Banská Bystrica v roku 2016 Vydávané v elektronickej verzii Adresa redakcie: ŠOP SR, Tajovského 28B, 974 01 Banská Bystrica tel.: 048/413 66 61, e-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 2453-8183 Uzávierka predkladania príspevkov do nasledujúceho čísla (28): 30.9.2016. 2 \ Ochrana prírody, 27/2016 OCHRANA PRÍRODY INŠTRUKCIE PRE AUTOROV Vedecký časopis je zameraný najmä na publikovanie pôvodných vedeckých a odborných prác, recenzií a krátkych správ z ochrany prírody a krajiny, resp. z ochranárskej biológie, prioritne na Slovensku. Príspevky sú publikované v slovenskom, príp. českom jazyku s anglickým súhrnom, príp. v anglickom jazyku so slovenským (českým) súhrnom. Členenie príspevku 1) názov príspevku 2) neskrátené meno autora, adresa autora (vrátane adresy elektronickej pošty) 3) názov príspevku, abstrakt a kľúčové slová v anglickom jazyku 4) úvod, metodika, výsledky, diskusia, záver, literatúra Ilustrácie (obrázky, tabuľky, náčrty, mapky, mapy, grafy, fotografie) • minimálne rozlíšenie 1200 x 800 pixelov, rozlíšenie 300 dpi (digitálna fotografia má väčšinou 72 dpi) • každá ilustrácia bude uložená v samostatnom súbore (jpg, tif, bmp…) • používajte kilometrovú mierku, nie číselnú • mapy vytvorené v ArcView je nutné vyexportovať do formátov tif, jpg,..
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) Hunting for Different Prey Types
    C. R. Biologies 335 (2012) 279–291 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Comptes Rendus Biologies ww w.sciencedirect.com Animal biology and pathology/Biologie et pathologie animales Antennal sensillar equipment in closely related predatory wasp species (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae) hunting for different prey types E´quipement sensoriel des antennes dans des espe`ces proches de gueˆpes pre´dateurs (Hymenoptera: Philanthinae), qui chassent des proies diffe´rentes a, b a Carlo Polidori *, Alberto Jorge Garcı´a , Jose´ L. Nieves-Aldrey a Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı´a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain b Laboratorio de Microscopia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, C/Jose´ Gutie´rrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Article history: Despite its potential value in phylogenetic and ecological studies, the morphology of Received 17 November 2011 antennal sensilla has rarely been compared quantitatively within the Apoidea. Here, Accepted after revision 19 March 2012 through a scanning electron microscopy analysis, we provide an inventory of different Available online 24 April 2012 types of antennal sensilla and compare their morphology across 10 species of predatory wasps (Crabronidae: Philanthinae) including species that hunt exclusively either on Keywords: beetles or on bees to feed their larvae. A sensilla-free area was found on the apical Hymenoptera flagellomer of all but two species, and its shape and size appear to be useful for separating Crabronidae Philanthini from Cercerini within the subfamily. A total of eight types of sensilla (sensilla Sensilla size placoidea, sensilla basiconica, two types of pit organs, sensilla coelocapitula and three Comparative morphology types of sensilla trichoidea) were found in all species, and an additional rarer type Prey selection (grooved peg sensilla) was found only in three bee-hunting species and for first time in the genus Cerceris.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 20 Number 2 - Summer 1987 Number 2 - Summer Article 5 1987 June 1987 Nest and Prey of Ageniella (Leucophrus) Fulgifrons (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae) Frank E. Kurczewski S.U.N.Y. College of Environmental Science and Forestry Edmund J. Kurczewski Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Kurczewski, Frank E. and Kurczewski, Edmund J. 1987. "Nest and Prey of Ageniella (Leucophrus) Fulgifrons (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae)," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 20 (2) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol20/iss2/5 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Kurczewski and Kurczewski: Nest and Prey of <i>Ageniella (Leucophrus) Fulgifrons</i> (Hymen 1987 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 75 NEST AND PREY OF AGENIELLA (LEUCOPHRUS) FULGIFRONS (HYMENOPTERA: POMPILIDAE) Frank E. Kurczewski' and Edmund J. KurczewskF ABSTRACT Information on the habitat, nest-site, hunting, prey transport, closure, burrow structure, and prey of Ageniella (Leucophrus) fulg!frons is presented. Components of the nesting behaviors of other species of Ageniella are examined and compared with those of A. fulgifrons. Little is known about the nesting behaviors of the Nearctic species of Ageniella (Evans and Yoshimoto 1962). Prey records have been published for several of the species (Krombein 1979), but the first nests of Nearctic members of this genus were described only rather recently (A.
    [Show full text]
  • Ants As Prey for the Endemic and Endangered Spanish Tiger Beetle Cephalota Dulcinea (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Carlo Polidori A*, Paula C
    Annales de la Société entomologique de France (N.S.), 2020 https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2020.1791252 Ants as prey for the endemic and endangered Spanish tiger beetle Cephalota dulcinea (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Carlo Polidori a*, Paula C. Rodríguez-Flores b,c & Mario García-París b aInstituto de Ciencias Ambientales (ICAM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Carlos III, S/n, 45071, Toledo, Spain; bDepartamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, 28006, Spain; cCentre d’Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), C. d’Accés Cala Sant Francesc, 14, 17300, Blanes, Spain (Accepté le 29 juin 2020) Summary. Among the insects inhabiting endorheic, temporary and highly saline small lakes of central Spain during dry periods, tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) form particularly rich assemblages including unique endemic species. Cephalota dulcinea López, De la Rosa & Baena, 2006 is an endemic, regionally protected species that occurs only in saline marshes in Castilla-La Mancha (Central Spain). Here, we report that C. dulcinea suffers potential risks associated with counter-attacks by ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), while using them as prey at one of these marshes. Through mark–recapture methods, we estimated the population size of C. dulcinea at the study marsh as of 1352 individuals, with a sex ratio slightly biased towards males. Evident signs of ant defensive attack by the seed-harvesting ant Messor barbarus (Forel, 1905) were detected in 14% of marked individuals, sometimes with cut ant heads still grasped with their mandibles to the beetle body parts. Ant injuries have been more frequently recorded at the end of adult C.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliographic Guide to the Terrestrial Arthropods of Michigan
    The Great Lakes Entomologist Volume 16 Number 3 - Fall 1983 Number 3 - Fall 1983 Article 5 October 1983 Bibliographic Guide to the Terrestrial Arthropods of Michigan Mark F. O'Brien The University of Michigan Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation O'Brien, Mark F. 1983. "Bibliographic Guide to the Terrestrial Arthropods of Michigan," The Great Lakes Entomologist, vol 16 (3) Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/tgle/vol16/iss3/5 This Peer-Review Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Biology at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The Great Lakes Entomologist by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. O'Brien: Bibliographic Guide to the Terrestrial Arthropods of Michigan 1983 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST 87 BIBLIOGRAPHIC GUIDE TO THE TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODS OF MICHIGAN Mark F. O'Brienl ABSTRACT Papers dealing with distribution, faunal extensions, and identification of Michigan insects and other terrestrial arthropods are listed by order, and cover the period of 1878 through 1982. The following bibliography lists the publications dealing with the distribution or identification of insects and other terrestrial arthropods occurring in the State of Michigan. Papers dealing only with biological, behavioral, or economic aspects are not included. The entries are grouped by orders, which are arranged alphabetically, rather than phylogenetic ally , to facilitate information retrieval. The intent of this paper is to provide a ready reference to works on the Michigan fauna, although some of the papers cited will be useful for other states in the Great Lakes region.
    [Show full text]
  • This Work Is Licensed Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License
    This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS OF GEOGRAPHICAL VARIATION IN COLOR AND OF PREY IN THE BEEWOLF SPECIES PHILANTHUS ALBOPILOSUS CRESSON Gerald J. Hilchie Department of Entomology University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Quaestiones Entomologicae T6G2E3 18:91-126 1982 ABSTRACT Prey selection and aspects of life history were studied in a population of Philanthus albopilosus Cresson, near Empress Alberta, and compared with published data reported about other populations. A disproportionately large number of sphecid wasps was used as prey in comparison with prey used by more southern populations. Females did not hunt at flowers, but appeared to hunt suitable apocritans found around the Empress dune, or captured male apocritans which pursued them as potential mates. False burrows appeared to function as visual aid in orientation to the nest. Relative absence of other species of Philanthus implies specialization of wasps of P. albopilosus for life on sand dunes. Differences in prey selected, nest structure and colour of adults suggest geographic isolation and differentiation during Pleistocene glaciations. The Nebraska Sand Hill region is proposed as a northern refugium where differentiation of the dark race, P. albopilosus, occurred during the Wisconsinian glacial stage. A southern refugium in the American Southwest is proposed for the ancestral stock of the pale race, P. albopilosus manuelito a newly described subspecies (type locality Monahans, Ward County, Texas).
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in the Insect Fauna of a Deteriorating Riverine Sand Dune
    ., CHANGES IN THE INSECT FAUNA OF A DETERIORATING RIVERINE SAND DUNE COMMUNITY DURING 50 YEARS OF HUMAN EXPLOITATION J. A. Powell Department of Entomological Sciences University of California, Berkeley May , 1983 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 HISTORY OF EXPLOITATION 4 HISTORY OF ENTOMOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 7 INSECT FAUNA 10 Methods 10 ErRs s~lected for compar"ltive "lnBlysis 13 Bio1o~ica1 isl!lnd si~e 14 Inventory of sp~cies 14 Endemism 18 Extinctions 19 Species restricted to one of the two refu~e parcels 25 Possible recently colonized species 27 INSECT ASSOCIATES OF ERYSIMUM AND OENOTHERA 29 Poll i n!ltor<'l 29 Predqt,.n·s 32 SUMMARY 35 RECOm1ENDATIONS FOR RECOVERY ~4NAGEMENT 37 ACKNOWT.. EDGMENTS 42 LITERATURE CITED 44 APPENDICES 1. T'lbles 1-8 49 2. St::ttns of 15 Antioch Insects Listed in Notice of 75 Review by the U.S. Fish "l.nd Wildlife Service INTRODUCTION The sand dune formation east of Antioch, Contra Costa County, California, comprised the largest riverine dune system in California. Biogeographically, this formation was unique because it supported a northern extension of plants and animals of desert, rather than coastal, affinities. Geologists believe that the dunes were relicts of the most recent glaciation of the Sierra Nevada, probably originating 10,000 to 25,000 years ago, with the sand derived from the supratidal floodplain of the combined Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. The ice age climate in the area is thought to have been cold but arid. Presumably summertime winds sweeping through the Carquinez Strait across the glacial-age floodplains would have picked up the fine-grained sand and redeposited it to the east and southeast, thus creating the dune fields of eastern Contra Costa County.
    [Show full text]
  • Nr. 10 ISSN 2190-3700 Nov 2018 AMPULEX 10|2018
    ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR ACULEATE HYMENOPTEREN AMPULEXJOURNAL FOR HYMENOPTERA ACULEATA RESEARCH Nr. 10 ISSN 2190-3700 Nov 2018 AMPULEX 10|2018 Impressum | Imprint Herausgeber | Publisher Dr. Christian Schmid-Egger | Fischerstraße 1 | 10317 Berlin | Germany | 030-89 638 925 | [email protected] Rolf Witt | Friedrichsfehner Straße 39 | 26188 Edewecht-Friedrichsfehn | Germany | 04486-9385570 | [email protected] Redaktion | Editorial board Dr. Christian Schmid-Egger | Fischerstraße 1 | 10317 Berlin | Germany | 030-89 638 925 | [email protected] Rolf Witt | Friedrichsfehner Straße 39 | 26188 Edewecht-Friedrichsfehn | Germany | 04486-9385570 | [email protected] Grafik|Layout & Satz | Graphics & Typo Umwelt- & MedienBüro Witt, Edewecht | Rolf Witt | www.umbw.de | www.vademecumverlag.de Internet www.ampulex.de Titelfoto | Cover Colletes perezi ♀ auf Zygophyllum fonanesii [Foto: B. Jacobi] Colletes perezi ♀ on Zygophyllum fonanesii [photo: B. Jacobi] Ampulex Heft 10 | issue 10 Berlin und Edewecht, November 2018 ISSN 2190-3700 (digitale Version) ISSN 2366-7168 (print version) V.i.S.d.P. ist der Autor des jeweiligen Artikels. Die Artikel geben nicht unbedingt die Meinung der Redaktion wieder. Die Zeitung und alle in ihr enthaltenen Texte, Abbildungen und Fotos sind urheberrechtlich geschützt. Das Copyright für die Abbildungen und Artikel liegt bei den jeweiligen Autoren. Trotz sorgfältiger inhaltlicher Kontrolle übernehmen wir keine Haftung für die Inhalte externer Links. Für den Inhalt der verlinkten Seiten sind ausschließlich deren Betreiber verantwortlich. All rights reserved. Copyright of text, illustrations and photos is reserved by the respective authors. The statements and opinions in the material contained in this journal are those of the individual contributors or advertisers, as indicated. The publishers have used reasonab- le care and skill in compiling the content of this journal.
    [Show full text]
  • 10. Hymenopterologen-Tagung in Stuttgart (05. -07. 10. 2012)
    © Entomologischer Verein Stuttgart e.V.;download www.zobodat.at 1 10. Hymenopterologen-Tagung in Stuttgart (05.-07.10.2012) KURZFASSUNGEN DER VORTRÄGE Baur, H. & Delvare, G.: Eine Frage der Grösse oder Form?– Differenzierung von mediterra- nen Arten der Gattung Podagrion (Torymidae), Eiparasitoiden von Gottesanbeterinnen .... 3 Breitkreuz, L. & Ohl, M.: Klein aber fein – Die Phylogenie der Spilomenina (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Crabronidae).......................................................................................................... 4 Castillo Cajas, R., Niehuis, O. & Schmitt, T.: Evolution of CHCs profiles in cuckoo wasps and their hosts: is there evidence for chemical mimicry?...................................................... 5 Eltz, T., Pasternak, V., Brand, P., Leese, F. & Lampert, K.: Paternity analysis in multiply- mated wool-carder bees, Anthidium manicatum: First data and impressions from cage breeding experiments............................................................................................................. 7 Ernst, U. R., Cardoen, D., Wenseleers, T., de Graaf, D. C., Schoofs, L. & Verleyen, P.: Erkennen Honigbienen Eier durch Peptide?......................................................................... 8 Flaig, I. C., Aguilar, I., Schmitt, T. & Jarau, S.: Rekrutierungsverhalten und Kommunikation der stachellosen Biene Partamona orizabaensis.................................................................. 9 Gerth, M., Röthe, J., Aumer, D. & Bleidorn, C.: Ecological prerequisites for Wolbachia- infections
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Pheromone Communication in the European Beewolf Philanthus Triangulum (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)
    3 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 4 Evolution of the Pheromone Communication System in the European Beewolf Philanthus triangulum F. (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae) Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Bayerischen Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Gudrun Herzner aus Nürnberg Würzburg 2004 5 Eingereicht am………………………………………………………………………………….. Mitglieder der Promotionskommission: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Ulrich Scheer Gutachter: Prof. Dr. K. Eduard Linsenmair Gutachter: PD Dr. Jürgen Gadau Tag des Promotionskolloquiums:……………………………………………………………….. Doktorurkunde ausgehändigt am:………………………………………………………………. 6 CONTENTS PUBLIKATIONSLISTE.................................................................................................................. 6 CHAPTER 1: General Introduction ......................................................................................... 7 1.1 The asymmetry of sexual selection .................................................................................. 7 1.2 The classical sexual selection models .............................................................................. 8 1.3 Choice for genetic compatibility.....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia
    Checklist of the Spheciform Wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia Chris Ratzlaff Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, UBC, Vancouver, BC This checklist is a modified version of: Ratzlaff, C.R. 2015. Checklist of the spheciform wasps (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae & Sphecidae) of British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia 112:19-46 (available at http://journal.entsocbc.ca/index.php/journal/article/view/894/951). Photographs for almost all species are online in the Spencer Entomological Collection gallery (http://www.biodiversity.ubc.ca/entomology/). There are nine subfamilies of spheciform wasps in recorded from British Columbia, represented by 64 genera and 280 species. The majority of these are Crabronidae, with 241 species in 55 genera and five subfamilies. Sphecidae is represented by four subfamilies, with 39 species in nine genera. The following descriptions are general summaries for each of the subfamilies and include nesting habits and provisioning information. The Subfamilies of Crabronidae Astatinae !Three genera and 16 species of astatine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species of Astata, Diploplectron, and Dryudella are groundnesting and provision their nests with heteropterans (Bohart and Menke 1976). Males of Astata and Dryudella possess holoptic eyes and are often seen perching on sticks or rocks. Bembicinae Nineteen genera and 47 species of bembicine wasps are found in British Columbia. All species are groundnesting and most prefer habitats with sand or sandy soil, hence the common name of “sand wasps”. Four genera, Bembix, Microbembex, Steniolia and Stictiella, have been recorded nesting in aggregations (Bohart and Horning, Jr. 1971; Bohart and Gillaspy 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • Arquivos De Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO
    Arquivos de Zoologia MUSEU DE ZOOLOGIA DA UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO ISSN 0066-7870 ARQ. ZOOL. S. PAULO 37(1):1-139 12.11.2002 A SYNONYMIC CATALOG OF THE NEOTROPICAL CRABRONIDAE AND SPHECIDAE (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA) SÉRVIO TÚLIO P. A MARANTE Abstract A synonymyc catalogue for the species of Neotropical Crabronidae and Sphecidae is presented, including all synonyms, geographical distribution and pertinent references. The catalogue includes 152 genera and 1834 species (1640 spp. in Crabronidae, 194 spp. in Sphecidae), plus 190 species recorded from Nearctic Mexico (168 spp. in Crabronidae, 22 spp. in Sphecidae). The former Sphecidae (sensu Menke, 1997 and auct.) is divided in two families: Crabronidae (Astatinae, Bembicinae, Crabroninae, Pemphredoninae and Philanthinae) and Sphecidae (Ampulicinae and Sphecinae). The following subspecies are elevated to species: Podium aureosericeum Kohl, 1902; Podium bugabense Cameron, 1888. New names are proposed for the following junior homonyms: Cerceris modica new name for Cerceris modesta Smith, 1873, non Smith, 1856; Liris formosus new name for Liris bellus Rohwer, 1911, non Lepeletier, 1845; Liris inca new name for Liris peruanus Brèthes, 1926 non Brèthes, 1924; and Trypoxylon guassu new name for Trypoxylon majus Richards, 1934 non Trypoxylon figulus var. majus Kohl, 1883. KEYWORDS: Hymenoptera, Sphecidae, Crabronidae, Catalog, Taxonomy, Systematics, Nomenclature, New Name, Distribution. INTRODUCTION years ago and it is badly outdated now. Bohart and Menke (1976) cleared and updated most of the This catalog arose from the necessity to taxonomy of the spheciform wasps, complemented assess the present taxonomical knowledge of the by a series of errata sheets started by Menke and Neotropical spheciform wasps1, the Crabronidae Bohart (1979) and continued by Menke in the and Sphecidae.
    [Show full text]