DOCSLIB.ORG

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: a Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles Patricia Howard1, Rajindra Puri2, LauraJane Smith3, and Miguel Altierri4 for the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1Wageningen University (NL), 2University of Kent (UK), 3University of York (UK), 4University of California at Berkeley (USA) Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems: A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective (ISBN-XXXXXXXX) is an open access publication, subject to the terms of the Crea- tive Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/). Copyright is retained by the authors. A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective is freely available online: http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/. Users may download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy text, figures and graphs from A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective, so long as the original source is credited. The reproduction of photographic images from A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective is subject to the granting of permission from the rights holders. Permission may be obtained from XXXXXXXXXX The designations employed and the presentation of material in A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Citation: Howard, P, Puri, R, Smith, L, Altierri, M. 2008. A Scientific Conceptual Framework and Strategic Principles for the Globally Im- portant Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme from a Social-ecological Systems Perspective. Rome: Food and Agriculture Or- ganization of the United Nations, XX + xxx pages For further information, please contact: Management Team of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Via delle Termi di Caracalla 11011 Rome, Italy Phone: XXXXXXXXXX Fax: XXXXXXXXXX E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.fao.org/sd/giahs/ Page ii Table of Contents Foreword . vii Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview . 1 1.1 Change and Resilience: The Significance of GIAHS . 1 1.2 The GIAHS Programme . 3 1.3 Three Founding Principles. 4 Chapter 2 Key GIAHS Concepts . 7 2.1 Social-ecological Systems . 7 2.2 Social-ecological Systems and Culture . 12 2.3 Rural Subsistence Societies . 16 2.4 Resilience and Adaptive Co-management Principles . 20 Chapter 3 Culture, Biodiversity, and Resilience in Subsistence Social-ecological Systems . 23 3.1 Introduction . 23 3.2 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Resilience . 24 3.3 Conceptualising Agrobiodiversity and Agroecological Systems . 25 3.4 Agrobiodiversity, Livelihoods and Resilience . 29 3.5 How Cultural Institutions and Agrobiodiversity are Interrelated . 31 3.5.1 Cultural Identity and Agrobiodiversity . 32 3.5.2 Traditional Belief Systems and Ecological Knowledge in Agrobiodiversity Management . 33 3.5.3 Traditional Knowledge: Its Transmission, Distribution, and Erosion . 36 3.5.4 Language, Aesthetics and Agrobiodiversity . 40 3.5.5 Social Status, Social-ecological Systems, and Agrobiodiversity . 41 Page iii 3.5.6 Property Rights and Management of Agrobiodiversity . 44 3.6 Agrobiodiversity, Adaptation and Resilience Considering Change . 50 Chapter 4 The Economic Value of Agrobiodiversity, Markets, non-Market Mechanisms, and and Social-ecological System Resilience. 53 4.1 Introduction . 53 4.2 Economic Valuation Approaches and Their Applicability . 54 4.3 Markets and Agrobiodiversity. 56 4.4 Markets, Cultural Institutions and Equity. 59 4.5 Alternatives or Complements to Market-based Means to Increase Well-being and Enhance Subsistence SES Resilience . 63 Chapter 5 Drivers of Change in Subsistence Social-ecological Systems. 69 5.1 Defining and Understanding Drivers . 69 5.2 Climate Change as a Driver and as a Driver of Drivers . 71 5.2.1 Expected Impacts . 73 5.2.2 Expected Consequences . 75 5.2.3 Local Responses. 75 5.2.4 Local Interpretations . 76 5.3 Biodiversity Change . 77 5.3.1 Types, Magnitudes, and Drivers of Biodiversity Change . 78 5.3.2 Threats: Ecological Insights from Invasive Alien Species . 82 5.3.3 Human Adaptation: Insights from Invasive Alien Species . 84 5.3.4 Conclusions for GIAHS and In Situ Conservation . 89 5.4 Changes in Oil Supplies and Prices and the Food Question . 89 5.4.1 Vulnerability of the Modern Oil Economy . 90 5.4.2 Macroeconomic Effects . 91 5.4.3 Household and Poverty Effects . 93 5.4.4 Implications of Peak Oil for GIAHS. 93 5.5 Cultural Change . 94 5.6 Some Indirect Drivers of Social-ecological System Resilience. 97 5.7 Synergies and Adaptive Capacity. 98 Chapter 6 Defining and Understanding Globally Important Heritage for GIAHS 101 6.1 Introduction . 101 6.2 Dominant Western Perceptions of ‘Heritage’ . 102 6.3 Conflicts Over Heritage . 104 6.4 Lessons from Joint Management of Heritage Programmes . 105 6.5 Heritage as Experience . 105 Chapter 7 GIAHS Principles Derived from the Conceptual Framework. 107 8.1 The Definition and Use of Principles . 108 8.2 GIAHS Strategic Principles . 108 References. 111 Appendix Culture, Food, and Agro-biodiversity in Social-ecological Systems . A.1 1. Agrobiodiversity, Nutrition, and Food Security in Social-ecological Systems. A.2 2. Wild and Indigenous Cultivated Food . A.2 3. Traditional Food Processing, Preservation and Storage . A.4 4. Culinary Traditions, Post-harvest Technologies, and Crop Diversity . A.5 Page iv 5. Food Exchange and Social Organisation . A.7 6. Food Culture and Agrobiodiversity Loss . A.8 References. A.8 Box A.1 The Importance of Wild Food Species in Traditional Diets . A.3 Box A.2 Wild Plant Detoxification in Nepal . A.5 Box A.3 Food Taboos and Ese Eja Crop Diversity . A.7 Tables 3.1 The composition and levels of agrobiodiversity. 28 3.2 Some of the recognised ethnosciences with societies, journals, books, and other tesources on the World Wide Web . 32 3.3 Pathways by which TEK may have been accrued using examples from North American indigenous people. 38 3.4 Design principles from studies of long-enduring institutions for governing sustainable resources. 45 4.1 Potential benefits of commercial consumptive use for biodiversity . 59 4.2 Potential impacts of environmental service markets for the poor in Latin and Meso-American cases . 62 5.1 Estimated costs of invasive alien species, selected cases . 85 5.2 Impacts on rural communities of invasive species. 87 5.3 Data on energy, oil and GDP for GIAHS pilot and other selected countries. 92 Figures 2.1 Schematic illustration of different scales and levels that are critical in understanding and responding to human-environment relations. 10 2.2 Social-ecological system . 15 2.3 The complete systems-hierarchical model of human adaptive systems, with ten principle variables and fifty-one sub-variables . 16 3.1 Biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ecosystem services . 25 3.2 A process-oriented sustainable livelihoods approach. 29 3.3 Cuna crop classification as a system of rights to plants . 48 5.1 Main direct drivers of change in biodiversity and ecosystems . 79 5.2 An interaction chain effect: mussel invasion in the Mediterranean . 84 5.3 A conceptual framework to interpret impacts of IAS in rural livelihoods . 87 5.4 Relation between oil demand and GDP growth. 90 5.5 Hubbert Peak Oil Projection . 91 6.1 UNESCO World Heritage Cultural Landscape Sites by Region . 103 Boxes 1.1 Systemic selection criteria for GIAHS . 5 2.1 A description of a pervasive social-ecological system in coastal regions of South China . 17 3.1 ‘Natural’ Amazonian ecosystems or co-evolved agroecosystems?. 27 3.2 Agrobiodiversity: surpassed suppositions . 28 3.3 The cultural significance of bark cloth among the Baganda clan in Uganda . 33 3.4 Twenty tenets of rice cultures. 35 Page v 3.5 North-western North American aboriginal women’s base of knowledge and practical skills . 37 3.6 The language and aesthetics of cultivar diversity in the Peruvian Andes. 41 3.7 Social-ecological dynamics and the generation of poor and destitute female headed households in the Highlands of Ethiopia. 43 3.8 Customary Rights to Plants . 50 4.1 The Natural Capital Project . 56 4.2 Effects of marketing Non-timber Forest Products on rural subsistence households: A review of 61 cases . 60 4.3 Building on local resources for drought recovery in Kenya. 65 4.4 Enhancing ecosystem services and welfare . .66 4.5 Adapting to climate change with the NGO Practical Action . .67 5.1 A hypothetical example of the complexity of, and perspectives on, change drivers
Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Indigenous Self-Determination Extractive Industries, State Policies and Territorial Rights in the Peruvian Amazon

    The Politics of Indigenous Self-Determination Extractive Industries, State Policies and Territorial Rights in the Peruvian Amazon

    University of Bath PHD The politics of indigenous self-determination Extractive industries, state policies and territorial rights in the Peruvian Amazon Merino Acuña, Roger Award date: 2015 Awarding institution: University of Bath Link to publication Alternative formats If you require this document in an alternative format, please contact: [email protected] General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 The politics of indigenous self-determination Extractive industries, state policies and territorial rights in the Peruvian Amazon Roger Merino Acuña A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Bath Department of Social and Policy Sciences February 2015 Attention is drawn to the fact that copyright of this thesis rests with the author. A copy of this thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that they must not copy it or use material from it except as permitted by law or with the consent of the author.
  • Bird Ecology, Conservation, and Community Responses

    Bird Ecology, Conservation, and Community Responses

    BIRD ECOLOGY, CONSERVATION, AND COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO LOGGING IN THE NORTHERN PERUVIAN AMAZON by NICO SUZANNE DAUPHINÉ (Under the Direction of Robert J. Cooper) ABSTRACT Understanding the responses of wildlife communities to logging and other human impacts in tropical forests is critical to the conservation of global biodiversity. I examined understory forest bird community responses to different intensities of non-mechanized commercial logging in two areas of the northern Peruvian Amazon: white-sand forest in the Allpahuayo-Mishana Reserve, and humid tropical forest in the Cordillera de Colán. I quantified vegetation structure using a modified circular plot method. I sampled birds using mist nets at a total of 21 lowland forest stands, comparing birds in logged forests 1, 5, and 9 years postharvest with those in unlogged forests using a sample effort of 4439 net-hours. I assumed not all species were detected and used sampling data to generate estimates of bird species richness and local extinction and turnover probabilities. During the course of fieldwork, I also made a preliminary inventory of birds in the northwest Cordillera de Colán and incidental observations of new nest and distributional records as well as threats and conservation measures for birds in the region. In both study areas, canopy cover was significantly higher in unlogged forest stands compared to logged forest stands. In Allpahuayo-Mishana, estimated bird species richness was highest in unlogged forest and lowest in forest regenerating 1-2 years post-logging. An estimated 24-80% of bird species in unlogged forest were absent from logged forest stands between 1 and 10 years postharvest.
  • Chanting in Amazonian Vegetalismo

    Chanting in Amazonian Vegetalismo

    ________________________________________________________________www.neip.info Amazonian Vegetalismo: A study of the healing power of chants in Tarapoto, Peru. François DEMANGE Student Number: 0019893 M.A in Social Sciences by Independent Studies University of East London, 2000-2002. “The plant comes and talks to you, it teaches you to sing” Don Solón T. Master vegetalista 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter one : Research Setting …………………………….…………….………………. 3 Chapter two : Shamanic chanting in the anthropological literature…..……17 Chapter three : Learning to communicate ………………………………………………. 38 Chapter four : Chanting ……………………………………..…………………………………. 58 Chapter five : Awakening ………………………………………………………….………… 77 Bibliography ........................................................................................... 89 Appendix 1 : List of Key Questions Appendix 2 : Diary 3 Chapter one : Research Setting 1. Panorama: This is a study of chanting as performed by a new type of healing shamans born from the mixing of Amazonian and Western practices in Peru. These new healers originate from various extractions, indigenous Amazonians, mestizos of mixed race, and foreigners, principally Europeans and North-Americans. They are known as vegetalistas and their practice is called vegetalismo due to the place they attribute to plants - or vegetal - in the working of human consciousness and healing rituals. The research for this study was conducted in the Tarapoto region, in the Peruvian highland tropical forest. It is based both on first hand information collected during a year of fieldwork and on my personal experience as a patient and as a trainee practitioner in vegetalismo during the last six years. The key idea to be discussed in this study revolves around the vegetalista understanding that the taking of plants generates a process of learning to communicate with spirits and to awaken one’s consciousness to a broader reality - both within the self and towards the outer world.
  • Copyright by Per Ole Christian Steinert 2003

    Copyright by Per Ole Christian Steinert 2003

    Copyright by Per Ole Christian Steinert 2003 Dissertation Committee for Per Ole Christian Steinert certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: ETHNIC COMMUNITIES AND ETHNO-POLITICAL STRATEGIES THE STRUGGLE FOR ETHNIC RIGHTS: A COMPARISON OF PERU, ECUADOR AND GUATEMALA Committee: Bryan Roberts, Supervisor Ronald Angel Robert Hummer Henry Selby Peter M. Ward ETHNIC COMMUNITIES AND ETHNO-POLITICAL STRATEGIES THE STRUGGLE FOR ETHNIC RIGHTS: A COMPARISON OF PERU, ECUADOR AND GUATEMALA by Per Ole Christian Steinert, M.A., Siv. Ing., Cand. Real. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August 2003 DEDICATION To independent thinking … If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and only one person were of a contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind (...) But the peculiar evil of silencing the expression of an opinion is, that it is robbing the human race; posterity as well as the existing generation; those who dissent from the opinion, still more than those who hold it. If the opinion is right, they are deprived of the opportunity of exchanging error for truth: if wrong, they lose, what is almost as great a benefit, the clearer perception and livelier impression of truth, produced by its collision with error. J.S. Mill, On Liberty And to the person involved… The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, and spends himself in a worthy cause; who at best, if he wins, knows the thrills of high achievements, and, if he fails, at least fails daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor defeat.
  • Full Text in Pdf Format

    Full Text in Pdf Format

    Vol. 19: 177–186, 2012 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published online December 20 doi: 10.3354/esr00469 Endang Species Res Trends in local wildlife hunting, trade and control in the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot, northeastern Peru Noga Shanee* Neotropical Primate Conservation, 23 Portland Road, Stretford, Manchester M320PH, UK ABSTRACT: The Amazonas and San Martin regions in northeastern Peru compose a central part of the Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot, considered one of the highest conservation priorities worldwide. Many of the area’s species have been identified as requiring urgent conservation measures by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species and International Primatological Society, as well as being protected under Peruvian law. In this study I present data about wildlife traffic and local wildlife use in Ama- zonas and San Martin, collected between April 2007 and December 2011. I highlight the trends in, and causes of, illegal trade. I examine the limitations on, and opportunities for, the authorities con- trolling these practices in the context of national and international pressures and the process of governmental decentralization. The most hunted orders were Psittaciformes (n = 1497) and Pri- mates (n = 279). Animals were mainly found in the hands of traffickers (57%), usually on the way from the neighbouring region of Loreto to the coast. Endangered species were mainly kept as tourist attractions in recreation centres, hotels, or restaurants. Wildlife authorities suffer from a severe lack of specialized personnel, resources and rescue centres, and an often contradictory and inadequate legal framework. I also found a great difference in operation and efficiency between the 2 regions, suggesting that local and regional politics, rather than international pressures and agreements, influence control of species extraction, making fauna in San Martin and Amazonas vulnerable to frequent political changes.
  • Gospel Over Gospel Over the Andes the Andes

    Gospel Over Gospel Over the Andes the Andes

    GOSPEL OVER THE ANDES by Roger Winans Edited by R. Alfred Swain 2021 Nazarene Missions International Books GOSPEL OVER THE ANDES A HUNDRED YEARS OF THE CHURCH OF THE NAZARENE IN PERU by Roger Winans Edited by R. Alfred Swain THE GREENING by R. Franklin Cook and Steve Weber EUNC ON MISSION by Klaus Arnold GOSPEL OVER THE ANDES by Roger Winans Edited by R. Alfred Swain Copyright © 2021 Nazarene Publishing House ISBN: 978-0-8341-4021-9 Printed in the United States of America First published as “Gospel Over the Andes” Copyright 1955 by Nazarene Publishing House Cover design: John Haines Interior design: John Haines Permission to quote from the following copyrighted version of the Bible is gratefully acknowledged with appreciation: The Holy Bi- ble: New International Version® (NIV®). Copyright ©1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc.™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide. www.zondervan.com. GENERAL EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Gospel Over the Andes, written by Roger Winans in 1955, and edited and re-released by Helen Temple in 1990, is one of Nazarene Missions International’s (NMI) “Classic Series” of books that tells a compelling story of pioneer missionary, Roger Winans [WIE-nuhns], to Peru and the Amazon. This latest edition is the work of R. Alfred [AL-fred] Swain [SWAYN], retired missionary to Peru, who brings the story up to date. Part ONE of this book you are about to read is an autobiographical re-visitation of Roger Winans’s story, which presents itself in a way that resembles journal entries of his life and ministry, full of the emotions that marked his journey, the loss of loved ones who did not survive the mission, and the joy of seeing that mission begin to flourish in response to his faithful obedience to God’s call.
  • Por, Para Y Con La Comunidad: a Comparative Analysis of Community Health Worker

    Por, Para Y Con La Comunidad: a Comparative Analysis of Community Health Worker

    Por, Para y Con la Comunidad: A Comparative Analysis of Community Health Worker Interventions in Latin America and the United States by Caledonia Moore A Paper Presented to the Faculty of Mount Holyoke College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelors of Arts with Honor Department of Spanish, Latina/o, Latin American Studies South Hadley, MA 01075 May 2014 2 This paper was prepared under the direction of Professor Lowell Gudmundson For eight credits 3 I would like to dedicate this thesis to my mother, the most influential Community Health Worker in my life; and to my father, who has always encouraged my scholarship. 4 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my thesis advisor Professor Lowell Gudmundson, who has guided me throughout this process. His support of critical and independent thinking among his students is invaluable to the Mount Holyoke community. I also extend my gratitude to Professor Pamela Matheson, without whom none of this would have been possible. I am indebted to Professor Rogelio Miñana and Professor Justin Crumbaugh for their support and guidance as members of my thesis committee. Finally, I would like to thank my friends and family for their interest in my work and support of my progress. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract………………..…………………………………………….……….………..1 Introduction………………..………………………………………………..…….…..2 Rational………………………………………………………..…….................2 The Community Health Worker………………..………………….………..…10 Methods and Operational Definitions……………………...….……...………..15 Chapter Outline………………………………………………………..……….18
  • A Grammar of Aguaruna

    A Grammar of Aguaruna

    A Grammar of Aguaruna Simon E. Overall M.A. (Hons) A thesis submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Research Centre for Linguistic Typology La Trobe University Bundoora, Victoria, 3086 Australia December 2007 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................. XVI STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ........................................................................................................... XVI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................................................XVII CONVENTIONS FOLLOWED.............................................................................................................. XVIII ABBREVIATIONS USED............................................................................................................................XX MAP ............................................................................................................................................................XXII CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................1 1.1 LINGUISTIC PROFILE .........................................................................................................................1 1.1.1 Autodenomination .......................................................................................................................2
  • Negotiating Reproduction

    Negotiating Reproduction

    NEGOTIATING REPRODUCTION Family Size and Fertility Regulation among Shuar People of the Ecuadorian Amazon NEGOTIATING REPRODUCTION Family Size and Fertility Regulation among Shuar People of the Ecuadorian Amazon Charlotte Petersson Doctoral Dissertation in Social Anthropology School of Global Studies University of Gothenburg 2012 © Charlotte Petersson Cover Layout: Marie Mattson All photographs by the author unless otherwise noted The photo on the cover is taken in one of the Shuar centros in Morona Santiago, Ecuador Printed by Ineko, Kållered, Sweden 2012 ISBN: 978-91-628-8582-3 http://hdl.handle.net/2077/31456 To Mateo Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ i A Note on Shuar Orthography ............................................................................. iii List of Acronyms .................................................................................................. v 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 1 Background and Rationale ................................................................................... 3 The Social Setting ................................................................................................. 6 Fertility and Well-Being ...................................................................................... 8 Multi-Sited Ethnography ..................................................................................... 11 Synopsis
  • Peru's Beleaguered Economy

    Peru's Beleaguered Economy

    Peru's beleaguered economy The lure of the mines As in the colonial past, Peru's economic future is once again pinned on mining. When fully developed, the huge Antamina mine in Ancash will be Peru's single most important source of foreign exchange. Situated in the Callejon de Conchucos, Antamina is the country's largest single investment project, and will become one of the world's biggest copper and zinc mines. It is owned by a conglomerate of Canadian, British, and Australian companies. It represents an investment of 2.3 billion dollars, and should add 900 million dollars to Peru's annual export earnings. Antamina follows on the heels of Yanacocha in Cajamarca, owned jointly by Buenaventura of Peru and Newmont Mining of the USA. Yanacocha is Latin America's largest gold mine, and among the world's most profitable. Other international companies are also investing in Peru's resource wealth, taking advantage of the incentives offered to foreign investors by Fujimori. In the energy sector, for instance, foreign companies are pushing ahead with the development of the giant Camisea gas reserves in the jungle to the north of Cuzco. These projects should raise Peru's export potential substantially over the next ten years, with investment from abroad helping to satisfy its appetite for capital. However, heavier dependence on mining will increase • Santa Claus and his reindeer touch down at the Southern Peru (SPCC) mine at Toquepala. SPCC managed to avoid being nationalised during the 1970s, and it is now owned by a Mexican- based company. PERU 35 Peru's vulnerability to fluctuations on the notoriously unstable world metals markets, while in the longer term, profit remittances from Peru to the investing countries may outweigh any new investment.
  • Community Biocultural Protocols Building Mechanisms for Access and Benefit Sharing Among the Communities of the Potato Park Based on Customary Quechua Norms

    Community Biocultural Protocols Building Mechanisms for Access and Benefit Sharing Among the Communities of the Potato Park Based on Customary Quechua Norms

    Community Biocultural Protocols Building Mechanisms for Access and Benefit Sharing among the Communities of the Potato Park based on Customary Quechua Norms i ANDES (Peru), the Potato Park Communities and IIED October 2011 Community Biocultural Protocols PROTecTING COMMUNITY RIGHTS OVER TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ii Protecting Community Rights over Traditional Knowledge: Implications of customary laws and practices Community Biocultural Protocols Building Mechanisms for Access and Benefit Sharing among the Communities of the Potato Park based on Customary Quechua Norms ANDES (Peru), the Potato Park Communities and IIED October 2011 iii Community Biocultural Protocols ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The main researcher and author of this report is Alejandro Argumedo, Asociación ANDES (Peru). The Communities of the Potato Park are recognized as co-authors given their central role in research and development of the Inter-Community Agreement iv (interviews, workshops etc). The authors would like to thank Robert Lewis-Lettington for editing the draft. They are also grateful to Krystyna Swiderska and Michel Pimbert (IIED) and Maria Ortiz (FIELD) for their comments and contributions. Protecting Community Rights over Traditional Knowledge: Implications of customary laws and practices CONTENTS Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... vii 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................
  • Simon E. Overall.Indd

    Simon E. Overall.Indd

    LIAMES 16(1): 59-69 - Campinas, Jan./Jun. - 2016 Simon E. Overall (James Cook University, Austrália) Who were the Antipas? A linguistic and ethnohistorical investigation of a forgotten tribe* ABSTRACT: The ethnonym Antipa was commonly mentioned as one of the major lowland Jivaroan (also known as Chicham) tribes of north Peru in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before disappearing both from the historical record and from the oral history of the modern Jivaroan groups. This work presents insights gained by approaching the sparse historical data from a linguistic perspective. Taking into account documented linguistic evidence, the possible etymology of the ethnonym, and evidence from oral tradition, it suggests tentative hypotheses regarding the origin and disappearance of the Antipa ethnonym. KEYWORDS: Jivaroan languages; Historical linguistics; Chicham languages; Antipa; Ethnolinguistics. RESUMEN: A finales de los siglos 19 y comienzos del 20, el etnónimo Antipa es mencionado, comúnmente, como uno de los principales pueblos de las tierras bajas Jíbaro (también conocido como Chicham) del norte del Perú, antes de desaparecer de los registros históricos y de la historia oral de los modernos pueblos jíbaros. Este trabajo presenta los conocimientos adquiridos mediante la consulta de los escasos datos históricos desde una perspectiva lingüística. Sobre la base de pruebas lingüísticas documentadas, la posible etimología del etnónimo y la evidencia de la tradición oral, se sugiere hipótesis tentativas sobre el posible origen y desaparición del etnónimo Antipa. PALABRAS CLAVE: Lenguas jíbaro; Lingüística histórica; Lenguas chicham; Antipa; Ethnolingüística. 1. Introduction Any research into the history of Amazonian languages must begin by confronting a bewildering array of ethnonyms, the result of centuries of social upheaval, including extinction and mergers of ethnic groups and variable or inaccurate recording of names.