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Triassic Stratigraphy and Biostratigraphy in Socorro County, New Mexico Justin A New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/60 Triassic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy in Socorro County, New Mexico Justin A. Spielmann and Lucas, 2009, pp. 213-226 in: Geology of the Chupadera Mesa, Lueth, Virgil; Lucas, Spencer G.; Chamberlin, Richard M.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 60th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 438 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 2009 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. No material from the NMGS website, or printed and electronic publications, may be reprinted or redistributed without NMGS permission. Contact us for permission to reprint portions of any of our publications. One printed copy of any materials from the NMGS website or our print and electronic publications may be made for individual use without our permission. Teachers and students may make unlimited copies for educational use. Any other use of these materials requires explicit permission. This page is intentionally left blank to maintain order of facing pages. NewTRIASSIC Mexico Geological STRATIGRAPHY Society Guidebook, 60 ANDth Field Conference,BIOSTRATIGRAPHY Geology of the Chupadera IN Mesa SOCORRO Region, 2009, COUNTY p. 213-226. 213 TRIASSIC STRATIGRAPHY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY IN SOCORRO COUNTY, NEW MEXICO JUSTIN A. SPIELMANN AND SPENCER G. LUCAS New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Rd NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104 ABSTRACT—The Triassic outcrops in Socorro County, New Mexico have received relatively little study compared to correla- tive strata in the north-central and east-central parts of the state. Triassic sections to the north of Carthage, Socorro County (T5S, R2E), encompass the Middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation and Upper Triassic Chinle Group (Shinarump and San Pedro Arroyo formations). The Moenkopi Formation (Anton Chico Member) disconformably overlies the siltstone-dominated Middle Permian Artesia Formation and is mostly cross-bedded sandstones and less common beds of mudstone, siltstone and intraformational conglomerate. Fragmentary capitosauroid amphibian material near the top of the unit near Carthage are the only identifiable fossils collected from the Moenkopi Formation in Socorro County and are consistent with assigning it a Perovkan (Anisian) age. The Shinarump and San Pedro Arroyo formations of the Chinle Group disconformably overlie the Moenkopi Formation in Socorro County; this is the Tr-3 unconformity, a hiatus of approximately 10 million years. The San Pedro Arroyo Formation is interbedded mudstone and sandstone except for the Ojo Huelos Member, which is a prominent limestone interval that can be used regionally as a marker bed. The San Pedro Arroyo Formation can be subdivided into three member-rank units (in ascending order): the Araya Well, Ojo Huelos and Cañon Agua Buena members; two of which are named here (the Araya Well and Cañon Agua Buena). The Araya Well Member is mudstone dominated with a few siltstones, thinly laminar sandstones and pebble conglomerates. Lithology within the Ojo Huelos Member ranges from lime mudstone to brecciated and pisolitic limestone; the member is a calcrete complex. The Cañon Agua Buena Member consists of thick (>10 m) mudstone slopes with numerous micaceous sandstone ledges. Fossils from the San Pedro Arroyo Formation are character- istic of Late Triassic tetrapod faunas in being metoposaur- and phytosaur-dominated. Abundant fossils of large metoposaurid amphibians have been recovered from the Araya Well and the Ojo Huelos members, and this corresponds to the previously established “metoposaurid acme zone” within the Chinle, which, in addition to a record of Desmatosuchus in the Cañon Agua Buena Member, suggests an Adamanian age for much of the San Pedro Arroyo Formation, including the Ojo Huelos Member. The Cretaceous Dakota Formation and/or a thin section of Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation unconformably overlies the San Pedro Arroyo Formation near Carthage. INTRODUCTION and Socorro counties. It simply subdivided the Triassic strata into The Triassic outcrops of Socorro County, New Mexico (Fig. 1) a sandstone-dominated lower unit, identified as the Santa Rosa have received relatively little study, compared to correlative strata Sandstone, and an upper mudstone-dominated unit, referred to as in the north-central (Chama Basin: Lucas et al., 2003; 2005a), the Chinle Formation (or Chinle Shale), both within the Dockum east-central (Tucumcari area: Lucas et al., 2001) and west-cen- Group (Fig. 2). This nomenclature was used extensively from the tral (Lucas and Heckert, 1994; Heckert and Lucas, 2003) parts of 1950s through the 1970s (e.g., Allen and Jones, 1951; Rawson, the state. In addition, only a limited Triassic vertebrate fauna has 1957; Budding, 1964; Smith, 1964; Weber, 1964; Haines, 1968; been documented from Socorro County, compared to extensive Ryberg, 1968; Kelley, 1971, 1972a,b). fossil collections made elsewhere in the state (e.g., Hunt, 2001; The most recent study of the Triassic stratigraphy in Socorro Zeigler et al., 2003; Heckert et al., 2005a), and neighboring Ari- County was by Lucas (1991). He recognized that what had previ- zona (Heckert et al., 2005b) and West Texas (Lucas et al., 1993). ously been termed the Santa Rosa Sandstone actually included Here, we revise previous stratigraphic nomenclature used for the Moenkopi Formation (Anton Chico Member) strata of Middle Triassic strata in Socorro County (Fig. 1), summarize the Triassic Triassic age and Upper Triassic Santa Rosa Formation or Shina- vertebrate fauna and discuss the age of the principal stratigraphic rump Formation (Chinle Group) rocks. Further, he named the San units. Institutional abbreviations: NMMNH, New Mexico Pedro Arroyo Formation for “the mudstone-dominated Chinle Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque; UMMP, Group strata above the Shinarump and Santa Rosa formations in University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, Ann Arbor. south-central New Mexico” (Lucas, 1991, p. 246). One of the unique features of the San Pedro Arroyo Formation is the Ojo PREVIOUS STUDIES Huelos Member, also named by Lucas (1991), a persistent lime- stone bed(s) stratigraphically low in the formation in Valencia Minimal mapping and fossil collecting has focused on the Tri- and Socorro counties. assic rocks of Socorro County. Case (1916, p. 708), in a brief note, first reported on Permian and Triassic vertebrates from Socorro STRATIGRAPHY County, including indeterminate reptile, phytosaur and amphib- ian fossils from “two or three miles north of Carthage, New Triassic strata in Socorro County pertain to the Middle Triassic Mexico.” Darton (1928), based on field observations, produced Moenkopi Formation (Anton Chico Member) and the Upper Tri- a stratigraphic nomenclature for the Triassic rocks of Lincoln assic Shinarump and San Pedro Arroyo formations (Fig. 3). Pre- County; this nomenclature was applied to neighboring Valencia viously, only a single member, the Ojo Huelos, of the San Pedro 214 SPIELMANN & LUCAS FIGURE 1. Regional map of Valencia and Socorro counties with Triassic outcrops highlighted and locations of measured sections labeled (modified from Lucas [1991]). Inset map of Carthage/San Pedro Arroyo area (T5S, R2E). Abbreviations: Cab = Cañon Agua Buena; Lk = Lime kilns; Ws = Weber’s site. Arroyo Formation was recognized; here, we name two new mem- bers of the San Pedro Arroyo Formation, the Araya Well Member and the Cañon Agua Buena Member (Fig. 2). Field observations in Socorro County, specifically near Car- thage, have added significantly to our understanding of the Triassic section (Fig. 3). We have used our recent, additional measured sections (see Fig. 3 and the Appendix for details) to augment the work of Lucas (1991); in addition, we have placed all vertebrate fossil localities from this area into stratigraphic context. Moenkopi Formation The Anton Chico Member of the Moenkopi Formation is up to 61.2 m thick in Socorro County, but farther east in Lincoln County it is nearly twice as thick (102 m: Lucas, 1991). It discon- formably overlies the Permian Artesia Formation (Tr-1 uncon- formity of Pipiringos and O’Sullivan, 1978), and is disconform-
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