Representation of Teddy Bear in Ted 2 Movie

REPRESENTATION OF TEDDY BEAR IN TED 2 MOVIE

(2015)

A Bachelor Degree Thesis Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty

In Partial Accomplishment of the Requirements for the Strata One Degree

By:

MUHAMMAD FADLI

1112026000077

ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2019

ABSTRACT

Muhammad Fadli. Representation of Teddy Bear in Ted 2 Movie (2015). A Thesis. English Letter Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta 2019. This research is aimed to discuss the representation of teddy bear in Ted 2 movie. The method of this research is qualitative descriptive method, using the theory of representation by Stuart Hall. The writer collects the data from dialogues in the movie and takes screenshots of several scenes related to the issue. This research also focus on finding the ideology in the movie that purpose to represent the teddy bear in the movie. Ted 2 movie represents the teddy bear as an adult figure for the adult friend which is there is the opposite perspective to American culture. In American culture, the figure of the teddy bear is presented the figure of children friend. However in Ted 2 movie the teddy bear is represented as the figure of adult friend. The figure of the teddy bear in the movie and the American culture is totally different. The movie shows the figure of teddy bear as the adult friend which is living in the adult’s environment. The movie brings the ideology that the adult also need the figure of teddy bear. This movie criticizes the idea of teddy bear which is only intended for children. The movie suggests that teddy bear is also appropriate for adult since the adults also need the loving and caring figure as the teddy bear. Keyword: Representation, Teddy Bear, Ideology, Movie Analysis

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DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other or diploma of the university or another institute of higher learning sexcept where due acknowledgement has been made in the text.

Jakarta, 23 April 2019

Muhammad Fadli

AKCNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirahmaanirrahiim

In the name of Allah, the most Merciful the most Kind

All praises to Allah SWT, the lord of the universe.

Alhamdullilahirabbil’aalamiin. With His guidance and His merci, the author is able to complete the process of making this thesis. The blessing and salutation are delivered to the one who lit the darkness with the light of knowledge, our beloved and honorable prophet Muhammad SAW, who has guided us all in the way of truth, the way of Allah.

The author sends his deepest gratitude to his beloved parents, Asymawi,

M.Pd and Merlina Nuriyanti, S.Pd for their patience, advice, pray, and constant unconditional love they gave since the author was born until this moment. May Allah

SWT bless their heart and soul, keep them long live, health, and happy. Big thanks to

Ivony Irma Romadhona, S.S, Pakerti Nurutami and Alia Audina Kasih Shaleha without your advice the author not sure to finish the study. The author also wants to give his gratitude to Mrs. Inayatul Chusna, M.Hum, as the advisor for the time, support, guidance, kindness, and to keep belive in the author’s self capability. Her guidance helps the author to keep going trough until the final level of this research.

The gratitude also dedicated to Saiful Umam, Ph.D, the Dean of Adab and

Humanities Faculty; Dr.H.Muhammad Farkhan, Mpd, the assistant of Dean of

Letters and Humanities Faculty; Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd, the head of English Letters

Department; Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, the secretary of English Letters Department; and all the lectures of English Letters Department who had taught his duing study at

UIN Jakarta.

In addition, the author would like to give appreciation to the following friends and people, namely:

1. All the lectures in English Letters Department for teaching and guiding

the author during his study.

2. Thanks to all my friend in English Letters Department especially 2012

class.of English Letters.

3. Thanks for Squad Toxic Ahmad Rofiqi, Fajar Pramoedya, Muhammad

Faqih Muzaqih, Muhammad Taqiudin, Muhammad Iqbal Andriadi, and

Zahirul Hadi for their support, laughter to share, shoulder to lean on,

presence trough ups and downs and all of the memory their creates.

4. Dearest IKADA Ciputat and Jakarta, especially to Andhika Budi, M.

Nizar Firdaus, Nur Hasib, and Muhammad Soleh for the brotherhood we

created in Ciputat.

5. The Djejak KKN group, especially to Rizky Ananda a.k.a Tebo, Silvia

Soraya, and Larasanti Dewi for the moment we shared in one month.

6. The author’s friend in thesis 2012 group discussion menolak D.O

especially to Karina Nurinayati, Mita Eka Sari, Sarinitaha Barkah, Aditya

Prana Setiadji, Rizky Ananda, and Dede Sri Mulyani

7. And big thanks to Amelia Hadiwinata for the advice to the author to finish

this thesis.

8. All people and friends who help the author in finishing his study that

cannot be mention one by one.

The author cannot stop being thankful to Allah SWT for this one complete package of support that the author recives to finish his study. May Allah SWT bless them all and their family. Moreover, this research is expected to be useful for all the people who read it. Suggestion and criticsm will be accepted for the improvement of this thesis.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………… ...... i

APPROVAL SHEET ...... ii

LEGALIZATION ...... iii

DECLARATION ...... iv

AKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENT ...... viii

CHAPTER I – Introduction ...... 1

A. Background of The Research ...... 1

B. Focus of The Research ...... 6

C. Research Question ...... 6

D. The Objective of The Research ...... 6

E. Signifiance of the Research ...... 6

F. Research Methodology...... 6

1. Research Methodology...... 6

2. The Tehnique of Analysis ...... 7

3. The Unit of Analysis ...... 7

4. The Instrument of The Research ...... 7

5. Place and Time of The Researh ...... 8

CHAPTER II – Theoritical Framework ...... 9

A. Previous Research ...... 9

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B. Representation and Ideology ...... 11

1. The Concept of Representation ...... 11

2. The Definition of Ideology by Stuart Hall ...... 15

C. Teddy Bear in American Society ...... 16

1. Teddy Bear in History ...... 16

2. Teddy Bear in American Culture ...... 17

CHAPTER III – Research Finding ...... 21

A. The Representation of Teddy Bear in Ted 2 Movie ...... 21

a. The Teddy Bear as The Adult’s Friend Figure ...... 23

b. The Teddy Bear as a Figure of Love ...... 31

B. The Ideology of Ted 2 Movie ...... 37

CHAPTHER IV – Conclusion and Suggestion ...... 41

A. Conclusion ...... 41

B. Suggestion ...... 42

WORK CITTED ...... 44

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of The Research

In American culture a teddy bear as a doll represents a model of love,

affection, and friendship (Scott 301). Practically, in the American society, the

teddy bear was given for the christmas gift or birthday gift from the parents to

their children in American culture. The teddy bear design is cute and friendly

that makes children around America want to have their own Teddy bear as a

friend which can be hugged and be loved by them.

Teddy Bear is a toy bear made from fabric and stuffed. The teddy bear

invented in the early 20th century in both United States of America and

Germany (Nittono, Fuklushima, Yano, Moriya 17). The name of teddy Bear

was taken from the name of United States president Theodore Roosevelt

which was called Teddy by public.

The design for a new model of teddy bear is first sketched by an artist

experienced in toy design and the manufacturing process. Based on a sketch

or conception of the planned bear, pieces of the bear are also drawn to be used

in making a pattern. The pattern is cut out and assembled, and the prototype

bear is examined for "character flaws." If the design prevents the bear from

sitting properly, for example, or if the prototype is not appropriately cuddly or

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distinguished, the design is redrawn, shapes of pieces are changed, or different colors or fabrics may be used to make another prototype. Many trials may be required to perfect the design before it is ready for large-scale manufacture.

Factors such as popular interests and headlines may be considered in planning new designs where a respectable volume of sales is needed to justify manufacture. For instance, a bear producer in California sells a stuffed bear resembling the bruin on the California state flag, but this item would not necessarily sell well elsewhere (Bork 34).

Back in 1902, President Roosevelt was on a hunting trip in Mississippi with some other hunters in a form of competition. Most of other hunters were had already killed an animal so Roosevelt's attendants decided to chase, club and tie an American Black Bear to a tree and invite President Roosevelt to shoot it. He declined because it would be unsportsmanlike but ordered bear to be killed to be put out of its misery. That incident inspired political cartoon drawn by Clifford Berryman of The Washington Post with text "Drawing the

Line in Mississippi". Drawing inspired Morris Michtom to make a new toy a stuffed bear cub. He sent one to President Roosevelt and received permission to use a name. And that’s how Teddy Bear was created.

At the same time, on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, Richard

Steiff' of Steiff firm created stuffed bear. The teddy bear was presented to the world for the first time at Leipzig Toy Fair in March 1903 where Hermann

Berg, a buyer for George Borgfeldt & Company in New York, ordered 3000

of them for distribution in United States. There is written record that that many had been produced but there is no record that they ever arrived in Unite

States. One story is that ship transporting them shipwrecked while another says that they were not too durable and they didn’t last long while written records are of later date. Chance that both bears were designed without knowing of each other is pretty great because communications across the

Atlantic were very poor at the time (Scott, 300).

Earlier Teddy Bears were made very similar to real bears while modern are more stylized, have bigger eyes, smaller faces and are more

“cute”. They are also made to look like other species of bear like polar bear, grizzly and pandas. Material used for early teddy Bears was mohair fur made from the hair of the Angora goat. Modern ones use modern fabrics like synthetic fur, velour, denim, cotton, satin and canvas. They are mostly made as toys for children so they must meet standards that make them safe for use.

They have safety joints for attaching arms, legs, and head and securely fastened eyes so they do not fall off and be choking hazard. Some firms sell handmade collectible bears. There are also many amateurs and hobbyists that make Teddy Bears for charity and for selling. They are usually made from felt, cotton and velour and they are stitched but they can also be knitted or crocheted.

In the American culture the teddy bear became popular as a gift for the christmast or birthday gift for the children. So far the teddy bear as a toy

became popular among American children to have teddy bears as a childhood friend. Because the teddy bear figure is a model for the children to be able to love and give love to anyone (Scott 303).

Based on the history the teddy bear figure is also applies in the movie

TED 2 (2015). The production of TED 2 was directed by Seth McFarlane

(Imdb). This film directed at notable studio Universal Studios USA which picking up fantasy, comedy and sci-fi themes. TED 2 movie set in place in

Massachusetts, USA with the depiction of modern society.. However, in this film the teddy bears are represented with a different look. In real life, the teddy bear is more often depicted as adorable, caring, and loving it’s matched as the children toy. What makes different in this film which depicts Teddy bear more mature, rude, hateful, mischievous, and miserable.

In American culture itself, the teddy bear is a toy for children. So what is reflected in the character of the teddy bear is more referring to children's imagination. The function of a teddy bear is to warm the children hearts and make them feel safe during the night (Cockrill 14). However in the movie showed the figure of the teddy bear as a figure of the adult friend. In the movie, the figure of the teddy bear was illustrated as an adult figure who becomes an adult friend. And the function of the teddy bear in real life is represented again in the movie. the teddy bear in the movie it’s not just for the children but the teddy bear function in the movie is for the adult.

In the TED 2 movie, teddy bear is described as the figure of a grown

man seeking for justice with the affirmation of the legal status that he was a

human being and not a property. In the movie, Tamy Lyn on of the main

character is former porn star who love teddy bear with a true love. The teddy

bear in the movie is also have a best friend called Jhon Bennet who is teddy

bear soulmate for friendship in his life. In TED 2 movie, the people around

teddy bear is showed as an adult person who is living in the adult life such as

work place, neighborhood, and the city.

According to the explanation above the writter found the differences

about how teddy bear is present. In American culture, teddy bear is present as

adorable, caring, and funny figure for the children. However in the movie

teddy bear is showed rude, mad, and disobey the law as an adult person. With

that two differences, this research want to analyze the figure of teddy bear

using Stuart Hall representation concept to find the difference between

American culture and the movie about representing teddy bear and to find

ideology behind that.

B. Focus of The Research

Based on the background, the focus of the research is to look how Ted

2 movie represent teddy bear. And also the research is focus to find the

ideology behind the movie according to the representation of teddy bear in

Ted 2 movi

C. Research Question

Based on the focus of the study, the research question will be:

1. How does TED 2 movie represent a teddy bear character?

2. How does the representation of teddy bear reflect the ideology of

the film?

D. The Objective of The Research

This study is aim to understand the concept represent of teddy bear

and the ideology behind the movie.

E. Significance of The Researh

The significance of this research is to give knowledge and explain

about the culture and relation of Japan and America through the narration

aspect of the Film. The writer also hopes that this research will useful to the

student English Literature and also for other people who interest in the future.

F. Research Methodology

This research method consists of five parts, including:

1. Research Methodology

. According to Suwardi, qualitative research, conducted based on

relevant methods, theories, and a qualified approach (Endaswara, Suwardi

14). Qualitative research is a study based on verb and numeric data as the

basis of analysis and problem solving to be tested, such as content analysis, analysis materials, and the results of his own research (Endaswara,Suwardi

24).

2. The Technique of Analysis

The technique of Analysis is done by several steps as follows: first, researcher collects valid data. Second, the researcher identify the data concerning the purpose of research. Third, the researcher uses Stuart Hall's thought concept to dissect the data that has been through the previous steps.

And finally the analysis results gathered into one.

3. The Unit of Analysis

The unit analysis of this research is a TED 2 movie directed by Seth

McFarlane's 115-minute work and written by Steh McFarlane, Alec Sulkin and Wellesley Wild. Produced in Universal Studios USA and released on June

26, 2015.

4. The Instrument of The Research

The instrument of the research is researcher itself by watching repeatedly, analyzing, and collecting data from what were shown in films starting from dialogue, character depiction, story background, story time, story plot, and history of Teddy bear.

5. Place and Time of The Research

The place of research is carried out in the library of UIN Jakarta and several other university libraries to support the process of this research, starting in March 2016.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

This chapter provides some of previous researches related of the research, theories, and the concept of the teddy bear. The theories used in this research is theory of representation by Stuart Hall is used to reveal the representation from Teddy bear in the movie.

A. Previous Research

Some previous researches relate to this research have been found. On august 2015 Merrie Willona with the same corpus took this movie Ted 2 as a corpus research for her journal in UKP (Universitas Kristen Petra) on

Representasi Kriminalitas dalam Film Ted and Ted 2. The research focus on representation of criminality in movie Ted and Ted 2. The forms of criminal acts are theft, immoral acts, pickpocket, snatching, firing of firearms, physical violence, mistreatment, destruction of other people's property, murder, and corruption. The films Ted and Ted 2 were chosen because they featured the main character "Teddy Bear which is identical with children, but many reaped controversy.

Another research with the same corpus talk about the equality of civil rights above the law. On January 2016 Febrialdi Kurnia Andika took Ted 2 movie as his corpus for his journal in Mercu Buana on Pergerakan

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Persamaan Hak sipil dalam Ted 2 (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes). The research focus on civil right that show in the movie as a study in American culture by using the communication theory by Roland Barthes.

There is a research about this movie and talks about capital assistance on the plays of Ted 2. This study attempts to describe, classify and analyze modal verb in The film script Ted 2 by Seth Macfarlane , Alec Sulkin and

Wellesley Wild. The auxiliary verb modals are auxiliary words that serve as

"helping verbs" to get more meaning. The effect of the tense of the modals is different from verb. The research uses descriptive method. The data of the modals are collected from the sentences found in the script. The theory of

Robert is used in this research. This research’s title is Kata Kerja Bantu

Modal Dalam Naskah Film Ted 2 Karya Seth McFarlane, Alec Sulkin dan

Wellesley Wild published on Nov 2017 was written by Adri Saleh for his thesis in Universitas Sam Ratulangi.

With the same corpus this research have a difference for the three researches above. However the corpus of the research is same, this research focus on how the Ted 2 movie represent teddy bear during the movie.

Moreover, this research want to understand the ideology behind the teddy bear representation from Ted 2 movie.

B. Representation and Ideology

This research uses the Hall’s representation theory as a tool to analyze the corpus. Using Hall’s concept to look how the teddy bear represents in the movie and also try to find How does the representation of teddy bear reflect the ideology of the movie. According to the statement above will explained in these bellow:

1. The Concept of Representation

Representation is the practice of the definition that describes or

elaborates on the object or other practices in the real world. Representation is

a major issue in literature (Hall 1). Literature in General is often seen as an

attempt to represent the fact and therefore the literature said to be imitations

or imitation of reality. As a data source, with the main medium of language,

which is then represented in the form of the discourse of literature is also a

very rich object of study, because as a system the language symbol always

refers to something else. Literary works represent a particular cultural

dimension which serves to showcase the various events of human life. The

goal is that humans can identify themselves in order to create a more

meaningful life. Associated with the totality of literature as a world in words,

the figures, events and settings are considered collective representation, as

species, personal name, place, object name, historical event, etc.

According in his book, Stuart Hall breaks down and interrogates the role of representation in images, and discusses cultures central role in representation (Hall 15). He looks at the issue within the most commonly used the definition of representation, meaning to: re– present something which already holds meaning. Hall argues, there is no finally fixed meaning to any one image or any occurrence. The interpretation of the meaning changes from person to person, and is completely dependent on the historical and cultural context from when/where it is being presented or seen (Hall 27-

28).

Therefore, there is no one fixed meaning from which to represent.

Simply put, if you privilege the notion of representation as giving meaning you are giving culture a central role. The basis of culture begins with shared of maps of meaning. Classification is a system of organizing the meanings we make of things in the world; for example, what belongs to, what is different to something. Although basic systems of classification are a basic genetic feature, the more complex cultural systems of classification are learnt. Shared beliefs or conceptual maps are the views of the world that members of a society make and share together. Language meant in the broad sense whether verbal communication, digital communication, facial expressions, images, anything that gives the sign to (Hall 34). Language and communication completes/closes the circle of representation, externalizing

the meanings that we make of the world. Once a language externalizes meaning, representation comes into effect.

Stuart Hall describes representation as the process by which meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture through the use of language, signs and images which stand for or represent things (Hall 1).

However, there are several different theories that describe how language is used to represent the world; three of which are outlined above: reflective, intentional and constructionist. With the reflective approach to representation, language is said to function like a mirror; it reflects the true meaning of an object, person, idea or event as it already exists in the world.

The Greek word mimesis is used for this purpose to describe how language imitates (or mimics) nature. Essentially, the reflective theory proposes that language works by simply reflecting or imitating a fixed “truth” that is already present in the real world. The intentional approach argues the opposite, suggesting that the speaker or author of a particular work imposes meaning onto the world through the use of language. Words mean only what the author intends them to mean. This is not to say that authors can go making up their own private languages; communication the essence of language depends on shared linguistic conventions and shared codes within a culture. The author’s intended meanings/messages have to follow these rules and conventions in order to be shared and understood.

The constructionist approach (sometimes referred to as the

constructivist approach) recognizes the social character of language and

acknowledges that neither things in themselves or the individual users of

language can fix meaning (Hall 17). Meaning is not inherent within an

object itself, rather we construct meaning using systems of representation

(concepts and signs); I will elaborate upon these systems further in my

second model. According to Hall:

The Constructivists do not deny the existence of the material world.

However, it is not the material world which conveys meaning: it is the

language system or whatever system we are using to represent our concepts.

It is social actors who use the conceptual systems of their culture and the

linguistic and other representational systems to construct meaning, to make

the world meaningful and to communicate about that world meaningfully to

others.” (Hall, 25).

In addition, Representation is the process by which an object is captured by one's senses, and then it makes sense to be processed, the result of which is a concept or an idea that with language will be conveyed or revealed again. And in this research the writer uses the constructionist approach because it’s more suitable to construct the meaning of the data for analysis.

Using the representation theory by Stuart Hall the concept of the teddy bear in

American culture represents as a new concept from the American culture that

brings the ideology of the movie. With Stuart Hall concept, this research can prove on how the teddy bear represents in the movie and also this research will bring the understanding about the ideology behind the teddy bear represent in the movie.

2. The Definition of Ideology by Stuart Hall

According to hall the Ideology theory suggests an alternative possibility: given that meaning is socially constructed. Hall argues, there exist ideological logics to public debate which create limiting social realities ahout the way the world works (Hall 27).

Hall describes an ideology as The mental frameworks of the language, concepts, categories, imagery of thought and system of representation which different classes and social groups deploy in order to make sense of, define, figure out and render intelligible the way society works (Hall, 26). From this definition, it is easy to see that Halls definition is rooted in the material, instead of the metaphysical, the physical world and how we interpret it is the most important part of understanding our lives and how the ideology fit into things.

Ideology is understood here, as primarily the means through which classes or fractions of classes constitute themselves as collective subjects in the course of social and political struggles. Hall argues that this view of ideology is incompatible with both the vulgar Marxist image of great,

immovable class battalions heaving their ascribed ideological luggage about the field of struggle, with their ideological number plates on their backs, as

Poulantzas once put it and the poststructuralist infinity of subtle variations through which the elements of a discourse appear spontaneously to combine and recombine with each other, without material constraints of any kind other than provided by the discursive operations themselves (Hall, 79) .

According to the explanation above. This research about Ted 2 movie using Hall’s concept of the ideology to find how does the representation of teddy bear reflect the ideology of the movie.

C. Teddy Bear in American Society

1. Teddy Bear History

The teddy bear history begins when Theodore Roosevelt refused to shoot the bear because this action was a cruelty due to the bear being bound so he could not defend himself. After hearing this incident, the artist Clifford

Berryman drew a Roosevelt cartoon and a bear. This cartoon was then published in the Washington Post. In the same year 1902, Brooklyn shop owner Morris and Rose Michtom created a bear toy. They call it the teddy bear and place it in the shop window along with a copy of Berryman's cartoon. The response of the American community turned out to be surprising, they were abuzz buying the teddy bear. The fat, real Teddy bear, the face is

shaped like a triangle, and long arms and legs. Soon, Michtoms became rich and was able to establish a company called Ideal Novelty and Toy Company

(Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya 10).

During the same period of time, a German woman with a disability named Margarete Steiff also created a teddy bear. He owns a doll factory in the city of Giengen, Germany. Steiff's nephew, Richard, tried to convince his aunt to also add a teddy bear to his product catalog. Eventually Steiff began producing teddy bears and never thought that one day they would be so popular.

In 1903, Steiff was able to sell 3,000 bear toys in the United States.

Between 1903 and the beginning of World War I, millions of bears were sold from the Steiff toy catalog. Each teddy bear has buttons that are sewn on the left ear as a kind of trade. In this era, people buy teddy bears in various shapes, sizes and colors (Scott, 306).

Teddy bear in the history above is created from the pitines of

Theodore Rossevelt. So that fact be the basic idea for the creation of teddy bear and present teddy bear a model of affection, love and friendship.

2. Teddy Bear in American Culture

Historically, teddy bears were made to represent the real bears. The teddy bear presents fantasy, imagination and provides a visual experience that offers a sense of humor, familiarity and fun by releasing aspects of the fact

that bears are a type of large and wild animal (Cockrill 13). Attraction on soft and thick hair and innocent facial expressions is the charactheristics of teddy bear doll. (Scott 304). Most people born in this century have probably encountered teddy bears during their lives, for the teddy bear was developed around the turn of the century. Toy bears developed out of admiration for real bears. In modern times, the bear is still considered a symbol of strength, courage, and endurance. The bears share many characteristics with humans, including the abilities to stand upright and to hug, and they also fiercely protect their cubs. Bears are sometimes called the clowns of the woods because they dance, sit on their haunches, and roll head over hind paws (Bull

15) and that’s why the teddy bear be the figure of adorable, caring, and loving for the children.

In the world society, there is the bear toy character that influenced by the teddy bear. Bruin the bear was a popular character. In Russia, the bear of folklore evolved into a caricature named “Mishka”. The rest of the world learned of Mishka during the 1980 Olympic Games when he became the mascot of the games and a collectible toy (Cockrill 25). Since that, the teddy bear's invention, Winnie-the-Pooh, Paddington Bear, Big Teddy and Little

Teddy (characters in a set of stories by H. C. Craddock), Yogi and Boo-Boo

Bear, Smokey, and Sesame Street's Fozzie bear have become much loved friends and toys from the bear kingdom ((Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya

14). Psychologists explain our connection with the teddy bear as transitional; children rely on teddies as secretive confidants who help them move away from total dependence on their parents (Cockrill 44).

In 1903, the teddy bear was shaped like a real bear, had a low forehead, a long snout with shaggy feathers. The teddy bear designs from time to time have evolved to be funny and popular by changing some features such as a broad forehead and shorter snout. This feature is a device known as a baby schema or baby scheme (Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya 12).

In the American culture some of teddy bear lovers enjoyed humanizing their teddy bears by dressing them up in doll-like clothes. The above photos feature a set of the teddy bear clothes that could be sewn for children as a Christmas gift (Cockrill 34). The pattern, which cost 15 cents, came in three sizes to fit 12inch, 16inch, and 20-inch bears.

The changes of the teddy bear have also occurred in the construction of articulated bears. The materials for the original designs included disks and cotter pins that attached separately made arms, legs, and heads to a body that had to be firmly stuffed to support the pins. All of that’s material is for made the teddy bear huggable and durable for the children.

Based on this, the teddy bear's character is very popular and sought after as a christmast and birthday gift in American culture. But from that, there is a film that shows the figure of a teddy bear that is completely

different. Ted 2's movie depicts the figure of an adult teddy bear, rude, angry, even lecherous. This movie shows the teddy bear very contrast to the teddy bear character that has existed in real life so far.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH FINDING

In this chapter, the research questions are answered trough analysis of

the representation of Teddy bear that shown in the movie. This chapter will

focus on the representation of teddy bear and the ideology behind that movie.

A. The Representation of Teddy Bear in Ted 2 Movie

Representation can also be said as a social process that relates to the

lifestyle and culture of a particular society that allows a change in ideological

concepts in a concrete form. This can be seen through life's views on a

number of things such as: a view of life about a woman, children, and symbol.

According to Hall, representation is also a process or practice that will give

birth to a culture. This is certainly very possible because a culture is a thing

that occurs naturally because of a process that repeats itself or has a reciprocal

effect on its implementation (Hall, 15). That concept used in this research to

look how the movie represents the teddy bear generally. And to analyzed the

representation of teddy bear in the movie the writer use contsructionist

approach by Stuart Hall, in this approach, the writer believe that the writer can

construct meaning through language to recognize the public, the social

character of language.

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In the American culture, the teddy bear is described as a playmate of the children. The figure of the teddy bear, which is full of adorable and pleasant impressions, is indeed suitable to describe the impression of child- friendliness. Children often imagine teddy bears as their playmates, interlocutors, and friends of imagination (Bull 10).

However, Ted 2 has been icily received by some American reviewers, on the grounds that it failed to do anything other than make them laugh an awful lot at press screenings. There seemed a lot of laughter at the screening is attended. This movie was written by MacFarlane, Alec Sulkin and

Wellesley Wild, is the sequel to the stoner fantasy satire Ted, from 2012. The character of Ted Cluberlang is the name of the main character in the movie

Ted 2. Ted Cluberlang the teddy bear describes have a lot of habits that are often performed by adults in America in general. Then the story focus on

John Bennet, the irresponsible childish guy whose emotional paralysis somehow magically his teddy bear alive after Jhon pray to Santa Claus that’s he want a friend, both of them (Jhon and the teddy bear) has grown into a potty-mouthed slacker, bong enthusiast (for smoking weed) and loyal best friend to each other. Mark Wahlberg returns as John Bennet and MacFarlane again voices Ted Cluberlang the teddy bear, whose human ursine marriage to

Tami Lynn (Jessica Barth) is under strain, because the government has blocked their attempts to adopt a child cause Ted is not a real “person”. So

Tami Lynn and Ted Culberlang the teddy bear hire idealistic young lawyer

Samantha L Jackson (Amanda Seyfried) to take Ted’s case to the highest court in the land to prove his essential humanity. And here the writer will focus on how the teddy bear is represented in the movie. The writer wouldn’t focus on how the teddy bear living but this research will focus on how the teddy bear show in the movie on the adult environment.

a. The Teddy Bear as The Adult’s Friend Figure

Through the movie that shown in the film, the image of teddy Bear is loving, caring and friendly, becoming a rough, cool, and brutal figure but does not rule out the pleasant aspects of the Teddy Bear in Ted Cluberlang. As is the fact that the teddy bears have a pleasant and funny nature (Scott 302). Just like the two things described earlier when the figure of the teddy bear described can help his friend (though only through imagination) as an example of a case where young children imagine by playing with teddy bear in their imaginations. The children tend to imagine teddy bears to work like being a cashier and they can play with children's imaginations.

According to Stuart Hall breaks down and interrogates the role of representation in images, and discusses cultures central role in representation

(Hall 15). The American culture that positions the figure of a teddy bear for children is reversed in the movie such a way by making it an adult figure

capable of being present for adults who need love, friendship, and entertainment.

Indeed teddy bears are intended for children as toys for them to play with. The teddy bear in American society is very popular and almost every child in America has a teddy bear as a child. In American culture a teddy bears a model of love, affection, and friendship (Scott 302). The teddy Bear is almost a gift or a Christmas gift to the children in American culture. The teddy bear design is cute and friendly that makes children around America bears and be loved by them. This feature is a baby schema or baby scheme

(Nittono, Fukushima, Yano, Moriya 12).

In contrast to the original figure of a Teddy bear, the teddy bear who is usually a friend of the children tells us more about children's imagination to play with the children presented in the figure of a teddy bear with fur warm and soft (Scott 304).

In Ted 2 movie the figure of teddy bear is the same based on

American culture and history illustrated. The figure of teddy bear which is adorable and fun for children is presented in the Ted 2 movie. But it’s represented with an impression intended for adults. Because what children imagine is not necessarily acceptable among adults and vice versa. And this

Ted 2 movie illustrates the imagination of the figure of a teddy bear for adults.

Ted Cuberlang the teddy bear is always Saying harsh words, smoking weed, going to the bar, to watching football together, all these things is the behavior of teddy bear and his friends. The figure of teddy bear also does things that adults do like partying on the days that most Americans do on weekends. Shown in the film, the figure of teddy bear has a best friend who is his friend from the childhood. They the perfect matched one to another for being a friend to one another, Jhon Bennet. Jhon Bennet was an office worker who was divorced by his wife lately. The teddy bear and Jhon Bennet support each other. Their relationship is more than just bestfriend they complete each other like brother.

That’s impressions redefine the figure of teddy bear with the imagination of adults. The teddy bear behavior in the movie have the same things like the other adult person in general. In the movie teddy bear also did the deviant of the adult habits. Like smoking marijuana that seems illegal and unlawful is displayed in the movie.

Picture 1. Jhon Bennet and Ted Cluberlang Smoked weed. (Ted 2 15.21-16.00)

In the picture above, the deviant behavior of adults is done by the figure of the teddy Bear and his friend. Shown in the movie, the teddy Bear and his friends enjoy smoking marijuana for their pleasure. However, smoking weed is illegal things to do. Teddy bear and his friend Jhon Bennet do such a thing like there’s no problem with that. No ones forbid (except police) them because of what they did. Nobody’s care because the people around them considers they are as an adult person and they mature enough to understand the risk of doing it. It’s all This shows that what is displayed in the movie, shows the figure of Teddy bear who is described as an adult figure.

Picture 2. Ted cluberlang the teddy bear and Jhon Beneet watched movie together. ( Ted 2 41.16-41.30)

Jhon considered teddy bears as his friends. In the picture above, Jhon

Bennet is always present along with teddy bears. Teddy Bear is shown to be a person who cares deeply about Jhon. They shared a moment together as in the picture above Jhon and teddy bear watched a film together. Like their close friends, they do things done by friends.

The friendship between the characters Jhon Bennet and the teddy bear has something in common with the friendship of children with their teddy bear. But it is presented again in the movie through these two characters in a friendship style that is different from the children with their teddy bear.

Displayed with an adult impression as adults in America is friends with each other. Among them are often discussing adult matters, gathering in bars, and watching football matches together.

Picture 3. Ted cluberlang and jhon Beneet watch the match of Football with friends. ( Ted 2 03.02-03.15)

In the picture above, it appears that teddy and Jhon and their friends are watching a football match together on weekends. They had fun, drank beer and commented on football matches. This illustrates the association of adults in America in general. When free time, adults spend more time with friends to joke and entertain themselves after having a tiring week long activity such as work. The picture above shows that the figure of teddy bear displayed in the movie behaves and interacts like an adult.

Picture 4. Ted cluberlang the teddy bear and jhon Beneet hangout in the bar dringking beer. ( Ted 2 09.35-09.45)

The emotion of teddy bear displayed in the movie also shows the emotions of adults. Shown in the picture, the teddy bear who was presented in the movie as an adult friend of Jhon Bennet, the teddy bear and Jhon didn’t want other people underestimate them. Jhon always need his buddy the teddy bear to talk about his problem. Jhon felt the teddy bear is his best friend for his life. Jhon always consider the teddy bear as his buddy for his life.

Through the character of Jhon Bennet shows a figure of an adult person who needs a loving figure like the teddy bear. The adults also needs a loving figure who can be invited to tell stories, play and do fun things. In connection with the previous matter, the friendship between Jhon Bennet and the teddy bear became an aspect of research that relates to the reappearance of the figure of the teddy bear. Jhon Bennet and the teddy bear who became friends from childhood grew together from childhood into adults. The fact that teddy bear is a friend during childhood was presented back in the movie through the friendship of Jhon Bennet and the teddy bear but with a different look. The different appearance that was intended was the friendship of Jhon

Bennet and the teddy bear not like the friendship of a small child with a teddy bear. But it is more indicated the impression of friendship between two adults like this dialogue bellow:

(Ted 2 15.30-16.20)

[Watching Tv Show together] Ted Cluberlang : [start conversation] hey, listed I got some big news to tell you. Jhon Bennet : Oh ya? Whats that? Ted Cluberlang : Tammy And I, uh we gonna have a baby. Jhon Bennet : [Shocked] holly **** Dude it’s awesome! Congratulation! But wait wait how do you guys will have the baby? [realize that Ted can’t have sex] Ted Cluberlang : yeah that’s thing uh we try to find a sperm donor. And I’m wondering what do you think Sam Jhon if I ask him to be a donor?

Jhon Bennet : you want Flash Gordon to be a fther of your child? Ted Cluberlang : Yeah I mean you think it’s gonna be weird or freak out if I…? Jhon Bennet : no. I think it’s will be cool and he’ll be happy to help you Ted Cluberlang : yeah it’s what I think too Jhon Bennet : Yeah I say just do it! [smiling to his friend]

The above conversation explains the maturity side of the figure of

Teddy bear who talks about the desire to have children. Basically the conversation is present in the conversation of adults who talk about heavy issues such as the conversation above. The dialogue talked about a taboo thing. Teddy bear and Jhon Bennet talked about how to find a sperm donor for teddy bear and Tammy adopt program. They talked about future, and teddy bear itself talked if he want to take the responsibility by being a father and he want to find a sperm donor for it. In conclusion Teddy Bear in the film is a new idea that is presented again through the appearance of the figure of an adult Teddy bear that is far from the impression of children in American culture.

Picture 5. Ted cluberlang the teddy bear and the adults sharing laugh. ( Ted 2 47.38-47.58)

Not only Jhon Bennet as an adult who needs a teddy bear figure. In the picture above the teddy bear looks necessary by an adult who needs it. They share laughter together and enjoy the friendship they have established. In the picture it is clear that Jhon Bennet, Tammy Lynn, and Shamanta L Jackson ordained time together with a picture of a teddy bear. The adults in this picture look happy with the presence of Teddy Bear as their friend.

b. The Teddy Bear’s as a Figure of Love

The movie presents the figure of teddy bear who is loves and loved.

The difference is that in real life teddy bears are loves and loved as far as the imagination phase of children (Rubin 103). The children loves the teddy bear as a friend and no more. When the children have not thought about love, almost the adults already understands the feeling of love. Children tend to love their teddy bears, but that’s not a love that leads to romance. The

presence of Tammy Lynn who loves the teddy bear shows a fundamental difference between how to behave in adults and children in a way. It is also impossible for children to think about romance in general. What Tammy does in the movie shows that adults also need love and affection.

And the figure of teddy bear who is essentially very close to the issue of children is presented again with an adult theme where the figure of teddy bear is described as being mature and impressed very close to the world of adults as shown in the movie. Likewise with the friendship issue of teddy bear and children, it is displayed very different from the original. As is known, children will not discuss severe issues such as sex (Rubin 104). But in the movie it is shown otherwise by presenting a figure of teddy bear who is mature and behaves as an adult freely talking about sex issues etc. with his friend. Most of this is contrary to the world of children. So this movie becomes a differentiator with the fact that the figure of the teddy bear for the world of children becomes teddy bear in the adult world.

Picture 6. Ted cluberlang the teddy bear and Tammy Lynn in their wedding. ( Ted 2 09.35-09.45)

In the movie the teddy bear is presented as the figure of love by showing the scene of Tammy Lynn who is marrying the teddy bear. In the picture above tammy as an adult fell in love with the teddy bear. Tammy

Lynn is the figure of the adult who is need a love fall in love with teddy bear because she need the figure of loving. And she found it in the teddy bear figure. However the teddy bear is the figure of love in American culture (Scott

302) but in the movie show that the adult need the teddy bear as their figure of love.

As is known, marriage is a stage of the level of the relationship between two humans to a more serious stage. Marriage is a sign of adult behavior carried out with seriousness and mature thinking. That is because in marriage brings a big responsibility. From this great responsibility it takes the maturity to be the basis of the marriage. In the Ted 2 movie, the cute and delightful figure of the teddy bear for children is shown again as an adult who marries an adult woman.

In the movie, the relationship between the teddy bear and Tamy Lynn illustrates affection. The figure of the teddy bear depicted in the movie experiences the same maturity as the human characters displayed in the

movie. In the movie, it is shown that teddy bear in the film marries a former prostitute named Tamy Lynn. The life of the teddy bear and Tammy Lynn decided to adopt a child. They want to adopt a child because they were unable to have offspring, it’s all because the teddy bear who had no testicles and

Tammy Lynn is diagnosed HIV.

The movie presents the figure of the teddy bear who loves and going loved. In this movie describes the adult figure of a teddy bear who is loved and loves his lover through portraying the relationship between Teddy bear and Tammy Lynn who love each other. This is shown in the dialogue:

(Ted 2 48.35-48.50)

[In the court at Ted Cluberlang's trial to obtain citizenship rights to marry, work and adopt children ] Tammy Lynn : Teddy, Teddy I’am scared! [chewing her gum] Ted Cluberlang : Baby we’re gonna be fine! Allright, I don’t care what anny f*cking piece of paper talked you’re gonna be my wife, okay [try to convience her] Tammy Lynn : I love you so much. And I swear to god if we gonna lose I’ll kill that judge [worried then joking around to break the ice of situation]

Moreover, in the scene described how the teddy bear and Tammy

Lynn loved each other. However, shortly after they decided to adopt a child,

Ted Cluberlang tripped over a citizenship case which claimed he was not a human in the eyes of the law. Nevertheless they support each other so that

Ted gets the rights of American citizens who are useful for legalizing their marriage. It’s shown that them was in love together. The teddy bear and

Tammy Lynn also aim to adopt children with the assumption that their love will be complete if they have children. As shown in the dialogue below:

(Ted 2 14.20-14.50)

[In fighting before like always couples did] Tammy Lynn : Everything’s change I don’t know why, because it’s too much. [start to crying] Ted Cluberlang : I know, I know in that way. I, I wanna have a baby [try to convience her] Tammy Lynn: You do?? Ted Cluberlang : ya!! [with his smile in his face] Tammy Lynn : Really? [happy instantly] Ted Cluberlang : Yeah, look I think if we got a kid to love it’ll teach us how to love each other again. Tammy Lynn : you better don’t messing with me, OMG I love you so much [she hug Ted] Ted Cluberlang : I love you too. Let’s make a baby! Tammy Lynn : Yeah let’s make a baby!

In that scene the teddy bear thinks like an adult person. Like a husband who try to convince his wife for saving their marriage. The movie Ted 2 wants to describe the figure of the adult teddy bear and his responsible as adults do in general. This movie also shows about Ted Cluberlang as the figure of the teddy bear who loves someone as an adult in general who does

not want to lose his partner. And the teddy bear in the movie also wants to be loved properly. It’s just like commonly the adults in general.

Picture 7. Ted cluberlang the teddy bear and Tammy Lynn before they sleep. ( Ted 2 32.35-32.45)

According to the picture above, the presence of Tammy Lynn who is loving the teddy bear shows a fundamental difference between how to behave in adults and children in a way. According to the American culture the children love their teddy bears as well as Tammy Lynn but the children loves their teddy bear in a different way. Tammy Lynn is more inclined to refer to love. Tammy Lynn's imagination that loves the teddy bears is not just affection, but refers to love to a sexual love.

What Tammy does in the movie shows that adults also need love and affection. And this is shown in the movie through the character Tammy Lynn,

she loves her teddy bear without looking physically. Even if the teddy bear is

actually inanimate, it does not overwhelm the fact that adults also need a

loving figure like the teddy bear with a record the teddy bear as how the

adults imagine teddy bears.

This movie brings back the teddy bear in the different look. The

statement if the teddy bear as the figure that the children need is represented

again in the movie with a different message. In the movie the adult needs a

figure like the teddy bear in their life. The movie represented again the teddy

bear figure as what the adult needs. The adult need the figure of adorable,

caring and loving like the teddy bear.

B. The Ideology of the film Ted 2

In film, ideology does not appear to be roughly rough, it shadows

behind the screen, because the packaging is smooth. In this Ted 2 film what

Seth McFarlane wants to change in his film is that not only children who can

be friends with teddy Bear, but adults also have a tendency to need a pleasant

figure in their adult lives full of responsibility, morality and aspects of

sincerity in friendship. Which is they rarely encounter in other adults.

When various discourses and ideological interests are articulated, an

effort will emerge to create a new, more complex ideology that can become a

frame of mind and action for members of a society, including in the practice

of representation (Van Djik, das.sagepub.com) The new ideology will continue to spread in the form of consensual ideological discourses which become the main points of the ongoing discursive practices of hegemony.

That’s thing was described on Ted 2 movie, the film brought back the figure of teddy bear through several figures related to the figure of teddy bear in this film such as Jhon Bennet who needed sincere friendship and friends who protected each other and Tammy Lynn the figure of a former female prostitute exposed to HIV who needed love and affection.

This movie brings back the figure of teddy bear with an adult figure.

Basically, Teddy bears that are described as child-friendly and only intended by children are now displayed differently even though they do not change the whole aspect of the outline that is in the figure of the teddy bear. This movie shows that it is not only children who need friends like teddy bears. But the adult community at this time also really needs the figure of a teddy bear.

Even if it return to a situation where the teddy bear is only for children, it will not be suitable for adults who generally have more complex life problems. Whether, it's the responsibility and lifestyle of adults who are more required to uphold maturity as a measure of maturity to behave in society. Then in this film, the figure of teddy bear is presented who is able to accompany, entertain, give affection to adults who need these things.

The figure of the teddy bear is like an adult’s friend figure. Even so, the figure of teddy bear featured in the movie does not rule out the adorable aspects of the teddy bear. Although the teddy bear represented again with an adult appearance, the figure of the teddy bear such a loving, caring, and adorable is not lost in the movie. In the picture the teddy bear is shown with a round face, a stocky body, and soft fur depicting an adorable and pleasant for adult figure.

This was conveyed through the ideology in the film Ted 2 who wanted to state that the figure of the teddy bear is not only intended for children but adults can also have and love teddy bears as children. But of course with the imagination of adults with their individual needs for the figure of teddy bear.

As previously explained about the character of Jhon Bennet who is considers the teddy bear is the best friend he has ever had in his lifetime. Likewise,

Tammy Lynn's character who loves the teddy bear and makes her husband

Tammy Lyn's own figure.

The movie want to show to the viewers that the teddy bear is not just for the children but the adult who needs the figure of teddy bear also can have their own teddy bear in their life. The movie shows to the viewers is not the shame if the adult have the teddy bear around them. As a figure of adorable, caring and loving figure the teddy bear is needed by human for their friend.

In the movie also brings satire to the general public with the current

American lifestyle that is individualistic and as if they do not care about each other. In the fact the adults need a good listener, the figure which is love and going loved, as well as an entertaining figure with adorable behavior (Rubin

110). Not only children who crave the figure of a teddy bear. Behind this movie, where ever the idea is in plain view and it does not show clearly the intention to be shown in the movie. This movie shows that even adults want the figure of teddy bear to be present in their lives.

This research finds new discourse from the core of the film through ideology and analysis through the representation of Teddy bears in the film

Ted 2. difficult circumstances amid modern society today. As children in general imagine if the teddy bear lives to be their friend to tell stories and play, in the film Ted 2 brings the imagination of adults to make teddy bear live through their imagination.

The Ted 2's movie has the message that it doesn't matter to adults considered the teddy bears are their friends. And in the film is shown that it is not a problem for adults if they are still playing with teddy bears. This Ted 2 move shows teddy bears are needed by adults who still need a loving and caring figure in their lives. And teddy bear is a loving and caring figure for children but can still be considered a friend by adults.

CHAPTER IV

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

A. CONCLUSION

Ted 2 movie is the unit analysis of this research. The movie was written directed by Seth McFarlane. This movie was release in 2015 (IMDB).

The focus research of this movie is in the Representation of Teddy bear. This research is using the theory of representation by Stuart Hall and the ideology of the movie to analyze the representation of Teddy bear and the ideology behind the movie.

After an in-depth study of the representation of the Teddy bear using

Stuart Hall concept. The findings of what has been analyzed are the figure of

Teddy bear in the movie that is very much different from the original figure of

Teddy Bear in American culture and this thesis found the ideology of the movie that the adult also need the figure of loving and caring like the teddy bear. The figure of the Teddy bear that is presented back in the movie shows more about the figure of teddy bear as the friend of the adult. Unlike the original figure of Teddy bear in American culture, that shows a childlike figure and unintended for children.

Inside the movie is the figure of a Teddy bear with an adult figure in an adult environment. in fact in American culture the figure of Teddy bear refers to the world of children presented again by this movie with a very big

41 42

change which is described as an adult figure with issues of issues and

behavior of adults displayed through the character Ted Cluberlang the Teddy

bear.

More about the ideology brought in this movie refers to the denial of

the idea of a Teddy bear which is only intended for children. Through this

movie you want to show if even adults need the figure of a Teddy bear.

Through this movie, shown in the middle of the problems of adults in general,

it also requires the figure of an adorable and pleasant Teddy bear, although it

is imagined that it is different from the imagination of children, the figure of

the Teddy bear. This movie imagines the figure of Teddy bear as an adult

figure that is also needed by adults.

B. SUGGESTION

Ted 2 (2015) is an interesting movie to analyze. Due to the issue of issues that seem light to watch but behind it all bring a new ideology that is present among the public, especially adults. Although this movie genre is comedy. But this movie is a form of satire for the lives of adults in today's society. It is also hoped that this movie research will be further developed in a more specific direction, especially in the field of sociology. And it is expected from this research to help the general public to be useful in future literature studies and will

become a reference for further research especially for English Literature study in

Syarif Hidaytullah UIN Jakarta.

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