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Centro Latinoamericano De Demografia CENTRO LATINOAMERICANO DE DEMOGRAFIA John J. Mac is co jj Jr. ir .0- tilBLiOim^b - ' ^v UNIDAS ^ Wfo SmiAGO ,o cm . ^ Serie A, N° 133 Agósto, 1975 MIGRANTS TO METROPOLITAN LIMA, 300 a case study BIBLIOTECA "GIORGI) MOTARA" CENTRO LATINOAMERICANO DE DfcMOOrtAFIA The views and «pinions expressed therein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Latin American Demographic Centre (CELADE). INDEX Page PRESENTATION ................. 4 . 1 I. THE MIGRATION PROCESS 5 1. Sex and Age of Migrants: Sex Ratios .. 6 2. Age at Time of Arrival 8 3. Size of Place of Previous Residence .......... 12 4. Where Were They Born? 17 5. Similarity of Region of Birth with last Place of P 6. Number of Moves Prior to Arriving in Metro- politan lima o. 21 7» Educational Attainment 22 8. Conclusions of "The Migration Process" 26 II. REASONS FOR LEAVING 45 1. Description of the Voluntary Migrants ........ 45 2. Reasons for Leaving 48 a) Reasons by Age and Sex 50 b) Size of Place of Previous Residence and Reasons for Leaving 51 c) Marital Status ...,.,........*............. 52 d) Educational Attainment 53 e) Previous Occupational Status 53 3 . Summary 54 III, ADJUSTMENT OF MI GRAFTS 59 1. Demographic Background ................ 63 2. Economic Background Variables . ,. 66 3. Adjustment of Migrants ....................... 70 a) Economic Adjustment 70 b) Housing ............................ 74 c) Social Indicators 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY . .* .• . 86 IV . DIFFERENTIALS 10 3 1. Age and Sex 106 2. Civil Status 107 3. Educational Attainment ....................... Ill 4. Occupation 118 5. Fertility 118 6. Conclusion .........<,..„... 120 BIBLIOGRAPHY 122 ANNEX 134 ) ii ( Index of tables and figures Table Page I- 1 lima: Percent distribution of inmigrants by- period of arrival and sex .. ,. .......... 28 2 lima; Sex ratios of inmigrants by age ........ 28 3 lima: Sex ratios of inmigrants by age and period of arrival 28 4 lima: Inmigrants by age and by period of arrival 29 5 lima: Inmigrants by age at the time of arrival, by period of arrival 30 6 lima: Inmigrants by period, of arrival and size of .place of previous resilience 31 7 lima: Male nmigrarits by. ag.e. and period of arrival by size of' place of previous residence. 32 8 lima:> Female inmigrants by age and. period of arrival by size of place of previous.residence. 35 9 lima: Sex ratio by period of arrival and size of place of previous residence ................ 35 10 Lima:- Male inmigrants by age.at time of arriv- al,, period of arrival ajid size of place of previous residence . 35 11 lima: Female.inmigrants by age at time of arrival, period of arrival and size of place of previous residence 37 12 lima: Inmigrants by -size of place of previous residence, period of arrival and rural-urban characteristics of place of birth. 38 13 lima: Innigrant.s .by period of arrival and rural-urban characteristics of place of birth . 39 14 lima: Percen.t, .of inmigrants whose last region of previous residence was the sane as their region of birth . i............ 39 15 Lina:••Inmigrants to Metropolitan Linr. who were 14 years old and over and who cane between 1955-T1965, by siz<5 of place of previous resi- dence, and by number of noves . ..... i - 40 16. lima: Inmigrants to Metropolitan .Lima by age at the tine of arrivdl, "by level of schooling attained- ...................................... 40 17 lina: Inuigr,ants by. level of: education attain- ed by period of arrival and size of place of ¡previous •residence"'.'....'. 43 II- 1 lima: Adult male inmigrants who-cane between 1956-1965, by reasons for leaving their prior . .place of residenceby age at the tine of arrival ^;.;.. ^...... 55 2 lima: Adult female inmigrants who cane between 1956-1965, by reasons for leaving their prior . place .of residence by age'at "the tine of arrival ,, M . .... • ...'.# 55 ) iii ( Table Page II- 3 Liua: Adult innigrants who cane between 1956- 1965* by reasons for leaving their prior place of residence, by sex and size of place of prior residence ......................... 56 4 Unas Adult innigrants who cane between 1956- 1965, by reasons for leaving their prior place of residence, by narital status at the tine of arrival ...... 57 5 Lina: Adult innigrants who cane between 1956- 1965, by reasons for leaving their prior place . of residence, by sex and level of schooling attained 57 6 Lina: Adult nale innigrants who cane between 1956-1965» by reasons for leaving their prior place of residence, by occupational status in place of prior residence 58 7 lina: Adult fenale innigrants who cane between 1956^-1965, by reasons for leaving their prior place of residence, t>y occupation- al status in place of prior residence .,..,,.. 58 III- 1 Lina: Age at tine of arrival by size of place of previous residence and sex ................ 87 2 lina: Period of arrival by size of place of previous residoncc and sex ..........,»....... 88 3 Lina: Civil status at the tine of arrival and sex by size of place, of previous residence and percentage 88 4 Linas Nunber of persons acconpanying nigrant by size of place of previous residence and sex 89 5 Lina: Labour force status and type of oc- cupation of nigrants before nigration by size of place of previous residence and sex ....... 90 6 Lina: Labour force status and type of oc- cupation of nigrants before nigration by age and sex 90 7 Lina: Proportion "Looking for Work" prior to coning to the metropolis by size of place of previous'residence and sex 91 8 Lina: Proportion "Looking for Work" prior to coning to the netropolis by age and sex ...... 91 9 Labour force status of nigrants and tine it took to get the first job, by size and sex ... 92 10 Linas Labour status of nigrants and tine it took to get the first job, by age and sex .... 92 11 Lina: Type of housing secured by nigrants by size of place of previous residence and sex .. 93 12 Lina: Type of housing secured by nigrants by age and sex .................................. 93 13 Lina: Section where nigrants had their first hone by size of previous residence and sex ... 94 ) iv ( Table Page 111-14 lina: ; Proportion of migrants not having a Carnet de Seguridad and proportion using Carnet by size of place' of previous resid- ence and sex ................................. 95 15 lima: Proportion of migrants watching tele- vision or listening to radio by size of place of previous residence and sex .......... 96 16 Una: Proportion of migrants who read news- papers" by size of placé of previous residence and. sex ...... .................... ............. 97 17 lima: Proportion of migrants who go to es- pectáculos by size of place of previous: . residence and sex . .V. ». .... ......... * .. » . 98 18 lima': Possession and use of Carnet de. Segu- : ridad- among immigrants, by duration of resi- dence in lima, present age and sex ...... ¿.... 99 19 lima: Proportion' of migrants watching tele- vision or listening, to radio, by duration of . residence., present, age and sex ............... 100 - 20 lima: .Proportion of migrants who read news- papers, by duration of residence, present age and sex .¿.¿.«..«.i ."•• • i. « • » • . ¿ . » • « » *. » . * ¿ ».« •*. * . i01 21 liúaí.- Proportion of migrants who go to es- pectáculos, by duration of residence, prusent age and sex ........¿........................ 102 IV- 1 lina: Age, sex and sex ratio of natives and migrants 123 2 lima: Distribution of natives and migrants by sex and age ................................. 124 3 lina: Male natives and migrants by civil status .............................. ... 125 4 lima:. Female natives and migrants by civil status 126 5 lina: Male natives and nigrants by age and educational level ............................ 127 6 lina: Female natives'and migrants by age and educational level ........«......,..........*. 129 7 -lima: Iatiyes> and innigrants' by sex, age and; occupational groups .......................... 131 8 lima: Female natives and migrants by age, civil status and average number of children ever born ali.vo 13 2 Figure '." • I- 1 lima: Age at time of arrival for mâle in- migrants .by period of arrival ......*.*».....* ,10 2 lima» .-Age ..at ."tine of arrival for female iii- migrants by period of arrival ..« » *•.......... 11 ) V ( Figure Page IV- 1 Linas Percent eonyosition of naie migrants by civil status 110 2 Lina: Percent conposition of fenale nigrants by civil status 110 3 Lina; Migrants and natives by educational level 115 RESUMEN En este informe se presentan los resultados más significativos de un estudio del Dr. John J. Macisco, Jr. sobre la migración al Area Metropolitana de Lima, a base de datos de una encuesta en una muestra repre- sentativa de aproximadamente 2 000 hogares, realizada en 1965-66 por la Dirección Nacional de Estadística y Censos del Perú con la asistencia técnica de CELADE» Sendos capítulos están dedicados a cuatro tópicos básicos de la investigación micro social del fenómeno migratorio a las grandes ciudades: i) el proceso , ii) los motivos, iii) la asimilación y iv) los di- ferenciales. Del proceso migratorio se analizan sus patrones más significativoss categorías de lugares de emigra- ción, movilidad previa y nivel de educación. las variables explicativas de las motivaciones para migrar son aquéllas relacionadas con el ciclo v¿ tal del individuo y con la jerarquía de los lugares de origen, esta última en términos de urbanización y de sus correlativos económicos y sociales» Ciertamente, el interés dominante en los estu- dios sociológicos sobre esta materia ha recaído sobre los aspectos de la asimilación de la población iaigran te. En el capítulo tercero se analiza la asimilación respecto de tres dimensiones: ocupación, vivienda y seguridad social. Variables explicativas intervinien tes en el análisis: "duración de la residencia" en el Area Metropolitana y "tamaño del lugar de la residen- cia previa". Por último, el informe dedica un capítulo a las características -demográficas, económicas y sociales- diferenciales entre nativos e inmigrantes, utilizando diversas variables de control.
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