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SFD Promotion Initiative Lima, Peru SFD Promotion Initiative Lima, Peru Final Report This SFD Report was created through desk based research by WEDC as part of the SFD Promotion Initiative. It is primarily based on a recent World Bank FSM diagnostic report. See Acknowledgments. Date of production: 28/4/2016 Last update: 03/08/2016 SFD Report Lima, Peru, 2016 Produced by: Claire Furlong ©Copyright All SFD Promotion Initiative materials are freely available following the open-source concept for capacity development and non-profit use, so long as proper acknowledgement of the source is made when used. Users should always give credit in citations to the original author, source and copyright holder. This Executive Summary and SFD Report are available from: www.sfd.susana.org Lima Produced by: WEDC Executive Summary Peru World Bank WSP 1. The Diagram 2. Diagram information undertaken only by means of negotiated decisions. The excreta flow diagram (SFD) was created through desk based research by WEDC The city lies within the valleys of three main (Water, Engineering and Development Centre) rivers: Rímac, Chillón and Lurín. The dominant Loughborough University. soil type is alluvial gravel. Collaborating partners: The World Bank Lima is located in a coastal desert. Because Water and Sanitation Program and Oxford of this Lima is classified as a subtropical Policy Management Ltd. desert or low-latitude arid hot climate (Köppen Status: Final classification: BWh). The average temperature Date of production: 28/4/2016 in Lima is 20°C, with a variation of 6°C. The total annual precipitation averages 6mm 3. General city information (Climatemps, 2016). Lima has two seasons; Lima the capital of Peru and the third largest winter (May to November) and summer city in Latin America covering an area of 2,700 (December to April), but there is little 2 km . It is located on the Pacific coast in an temperature variation during these seasons; area of high seismic activity. Metropolitan Lima the main difference is in cloud cover. consists of the Province of Lima and the Approximately one third of Peru’s population Constitutional Province of Callao (which is an live in metropolitan Lima (ODI, 2015). It has an ocean port). These provinces are sub-divided estimated population of 9,904,727 (City into 49 districts. The provinces and districts population, 2015). The population density of are administratively autonomous, so that the city is approximately 3,700 people per km² citywide planning and development is and the annual growth rate is approximately Last Update: 28/4/2016 I Lima Produced by: WEDC Executive Summary Peru World Bank WSP 1.6%. Over 48% of the population live in total suspended solids and temperature. The slums (ODI, 2015). frequency of monitoring is dependent on the 4. Service delivery context volume of the waste stream and is set by Ministerial Resolution. Compliance must be Peru has national policies and plans for the reported to the Ministry of Housing, sanitation sector, but all relate to sewered Construction and Sanitation. systems. There is a lack of policy relating to 5. Service outcomes faecal sludge management. The National Environmental Action Plan contains goals for 92% of the populations’ excreta discharge wastewater: directly to sewers. Of this stream 65% (or 60% Goal 1.1: by 2021 100% of urban domestic of the populations’ excreta) reaches a wastewater should be treated and 50% of wastewater treatment plant. This is due to the treated effluent should be reused. treatment capacity in Lima being presently 65% of volume of waste entering the sewers. The National Sanitation Sector Plan quantifies This is then partially treated (75%). the amount of investment required for universal sanitation coverage. In order to 3% of the populations’ excreta is contained in achieve Goal 1.1 an investment of US$ 16.3 sealed tanks, 3% in unlined pits (which are billion is required. never emptied) and 1% in lined pits. The sealed tanks and lined pits are emptied by Housing Resolution was formed to prioritise vacuum tankers. The faecal sludge is the and allocate investment in the sanitation taken to Hauycoloro landifill site. sector. This favours sewer rehabilitation over wastewater treatment plant projects, and 6. Overview of stakeholders prioritises those with the highest amounts of Nationally the Ministry of Housing, co-financing, which could make it difficult to Construction and Sanitation overseas the reach universal wastewater coverage. sanitation sector via the National Sanitation The Water Resources Act contains the Unit. The Ministry of the Environment deals regulations for the discharge and reuse of with the legal aspects of solid waste (e.g. treated wastewater. This Act defines the sludge and faecal sludge) while the Ministry of conditions and procedures for the Agriculture monitor effluent and water bodies authorisation of discharging and reuse of via the National Water Authority. The Ministry treated wastewater, and prohibits the of health is in charge of the public health discharge and reuse of untreated wastewater. aspect of poor sanitation. It can be seen at This is not enforced as it is known the ministerial level there is segmentation of the untreated wastewater is used in agriculture. sector. The Solid Waste Act governs the solid waste The main sanitation provider in Lima is produced during wastewater treatment. All SEDAPAL (The Water and Sewerage Service sludge and solid waste generated from of Lima) which is a utility company owned by primary treatment are considered to be the state. There are only a few private hazardous waste and should be disposed at a operators in faecal sludge management, due secure landfill. There are no criteria for the to 92% of the population being sewered. reuse of treated sludge. It should be noted that The regulation of this sector is undertaken by there are no formal regulations or legal the Water and Sanitation Regulator (SUNASS) frameworks for faecal sludge management who are independent of the ministries. They generated from offsite sanitation. are funded by a 2% levy on water and The discharge from all wastewater treatment sewerage bills. plants needs to meet the maximum 7. Credibility of data permissible limits regardless of their size. The parameters covered are fats and greases, A majority of the data in this report and thermotolerant coliforms, BOD5, COD, pH, Last Update: 3/8/2016 II Lima Produced by: WEDC Executive Summary Peru World Bank WSP executive summary, unless stated otherwise is taken from: The World Bank Water and Sanitation Program 2016 Report: Fecal Sludge Management: Diagnostics for Service Delivery in Urban Areas, Case study report – Fecal sludge management in Lima, Peru. The World Bank study was based on a household survey, transect walks, observations, key informant interviews and SFD Lima, Peru, 2016 focus group discussions. It also incorporates a review of the enabling environment for FSM in Produced by: Lima. It should be noted that no other WEDC, Dr Claire Furlong in collaboration with stakeholders were involved in the production the World Bank Water and Sanitation Program and Oxford Policy Management Ltd. of this report. 8. Process of development © Copyright All SFD Promotion Initiative materials are freely The fate of infiltrate from soakaways and pit available following the open-source concept for latrines has been disregarded in the SFD. It capacity development and non-profit use, so was deemed to have little, if any, direct impact long as proper acknowledgement of the source is made when used. Users should always give on health or the local environment (through credit in citations to the original author, source ground water pollution). The SFD represents and copyright holder. only the flows of wastewater and faecal sludge This Executive Summary and the SFD Report through the sanitation service chain. are available from: 9. References www.sfd.susana.org Citypopulation. 2016. Peru: Lima Metropolitan Area http://www.citypopulation.de/php/peru- limametro.php last accessed 13/04/2016. Climatemps.2016 http://www.lima.climatemps.com/index.php Last accessed 16/6/2016 ODI. 2015. On the path to progress: Improving living conditions in Peru’s slum Settlement. http://www.odi.org/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi- assets/publications-opinion-files/9666.pdf Last accessed 16/6/2016 Last Update: 3/8/2016 III Lima Produced by: WEDC Full Report Peru World Bank WSP Report Report Joost Table of Contents Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ 1 List of tables ........................................................................................................................ 2 List of figures ...................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations ...................................................................................................................... 3 1 City context ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Geography .................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Climate ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.3 Population ................................................................................................................... 5 2 Service delivery context description ...............................................................................
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