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Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81478-2 - The New York Concert Saloon: The Devil’s Own Nights Brooks Mcnamara Index More information

Index

NOTE: The Society for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency is abbreviated to SPJD.

Abbey, The 120 temperance and abstinence Abe, the Pioneer, or the Mad Hunter of Arizona movements 12 (melodrama) 39 in theatres 20–1, 35 Academy of Fun, The 48, 56, 63 Alhambra Theatre 39 acrobats 16, 31, 48, 54, 118–19 Allen, John 109 Actors’ Fund 28 Allen, Robert C. xix. 3 acts 41–60 Allen, William (“Billy”) 43, 66, 81 as advertising device 29, 59, 76 amateur performances 32–3, 117 ethnic performers 4–5, 79–80 American Concert Hall 28 and immorality charges 2, 12, 17–18, 20 American Hall 49 professional 49–50, 77–8, 117, 130–1 amusement parks 9 range before Concert Bill 15–16 Arion 128, 130, 131 SPJD documents on 57–60, 130–1 Arizona Star 119 see also acrobats; child actors; circus; dance Asbury, Herbert xvi, xx, 82, 107, 110–11 acts; drag acts; magic acts; minstrelsy; “Asmodeus” 75, 81, 85, 86 musical entertainments; puppet shows; Assembly 23–4 sketches; songs; women (performers); and assignations 25, 83, 119–20 under beer gardens, German; dance Athenaeum 585, 37, 39 houses; variety theatre Atlantic Garden 27, 100, 101–3, 104, 127 advertising xiii, 9, 62–4 Audran, Edmond 36 of “bar maids” 31 entertainments as 26, 59, 76 Bailey, James 8 handbills 62, 110 Baker’s Central Hall 33 medicine shows and xiii, 9, 33 balconies in newspapers 28, 37, 42, 62 concert saloons 73–4, 76 sandwich boards 62 dance houses 106, 107, 112, 113 signs 63–4, 107 ﬂat ﬂoor opera houses 117 stock poster 71, 72 German beer gardens 98, 102 transparencies 25, 62–3 San Francisco box houses 119–20 African Americans 79–80 Ballard’s What Is It 42, 61, 63, 75, 90, 92 afterpieces 6–7, 57 ballet girls 20, 85 alcohol Baltimore 77, 117 in German beer gardens 96, 99 bar maids 31 and immorality 2, 12, 17–18, 20 Barnum, P. T. 8 post-war decline in concern over 26 Barrett, Dora 37, 56–7, 119–20 sale as main business of concert saloons 26, bartenders 71, 72, 81 41, 59, 76, 86 Batchelor’s Music Hall 48, 49, 54

141

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-81478-2 - The New York Concert Saloon: The Devil’s Own Nights Brooks Mcnamara Index More information

142 INDEX

beer gardens, German xi, xv, xvii, xviii, box houses 119, 120 96–104 boxes 74 acts 39–40, 50, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104 in dance houses 107 family orientation 25, 27–8, 96, 99, 101, private 1, 31, 64, 65, 74 103, 104, 116 in West 74, 118, 118, 119–20 gambling 99, 101 boxing matches 54 matinees 28 Brand, William 59, 130 music 50, 99, 102, 103, 104 Bremer Haven 62, 128, 129 non-German-speaking patrons and acts 27, Brighton Winter Garden 48, 50, 64, 71, 130 101, 102, 104 songs performed at 127, 128, 129 shooting halls 102 Britain SPJD investigations of xv, 29, 31–2 music halls xiii, xvi, 3, 4, 4–5, 9, 74; masters spaces and equipment 98, 99, 101, 102 of ceremonies 4, 47 summer gardens 75, 99 pleasure gardens xvi, 8 Sunday opening 99, 101 Theatres Registry Act (1843) 4 Bella Union 119 British Blondes, The 5–6, 12 Belles of the Concert Saloon (1862 publication) Broadway, lower xi, 1, 12, 13–15 19, 84 Broadway Music Hall 28, 78 beneﬁt shows 29, 54, 82 Buckingham (Palace) dance house 73, 105–7 Bigelow, Charlie 33–4 Bull’s Head Tavern, site of former 101–2, 103 Bijou Opera House 36 Bunnel, Sam 130 Billboard magazine xiv burlesque xi, xiii, 9, 37, 90 billiards 12, 74 early form xv, 5–6 bills, legislative Burns, Frank 43 of 1839 22 Burrows, Edwin G. xix of 1872 23–4, 28–9, 48, 49, 124–6; Burton, Edward 58 amendment, 1875 and 1876 xv, Busch, Frank 54, 130 xvi–xvii Butler, James 59 see also Blue Laws; Concert Bill Butler, Robert 78 Binter, James 130 Butler, Tom 62, 130 Bird Cage, Tombstone, Arizona 119, 121 Butler’s Varieties 78 black Americans 56, 79–80, 94, 108 Butsch, Richard xix minstrel troupes xvii, 7, 80 Byrne, Charles 29 black and “black-and-tan” saloons 79 Black Crook, The (musical play) 5, 12, 72 cabarets 5 blackface performers see minstrelsy cafe concert and cafe chantant, French 3–4 Blue Laws 62, 89 calliope, imitations of 47 Blythe’s String Band 42 Canterbury 11, 15–16, 19–20, 23–4, 28, 73 Bon Ton 24–5, 42, 64–5, 71, 94, 94 Carran, Jerry 130 “Bones” (minstrel role) 6, 30 Carroll’s Sixth Avenue Saloon 57–9, 79–80 Booth’s Theatre 35 Casino 31–2, 51, 73, 128, 129 Boulevard 24, 80, 81, 85, 88, 93 Centennial Gardens 49, 52, 53, 71 Bowery 13 Century 102–3 changing character 99, 122 Champion Music Hall 74, 81, 82, 85, 91–2, 93 concert saloons xi, 1, 2, 11, 12–13, 13 charges, admission 26, 64, 65, 70, 101, 107 dime museums 8, 12, 97 checks 86 German immigrants 97, 101 Cheyenne, Wyoming 117–19, 118 theatres 36 child actors 36, 51, 59, 130 Bowery Boy types 108 Chinese immigrants, satire on 54 Bowery Concert Hall (later Melodeon) 15 chorus girls, burlesque 5–6 Bowery Garden Theatre 39 cigar girls 82, 85 Bowery Mission and Home for Young Men 13 cinema 7, 109, 120 Bowery Music Hall, The 48, 52, 82, 127 circus xiv, 9, 79, 107 Bowery Theatre 97 inﬂuence on concert saloon 5, 8, 60 Bowery Varieties, The 30–1 minstrel acts 7, 53

INDEX 143

cities, concert saloons in other US xi, 77, 117 dime museums xi, 5, 8, 14 Civil War xi, 11–26 Bowery 8, 12, 97 concert saloon before 15 entertainments 7, 60 military in New York during 12, 17, 18, 27, family audience 35 40, 91–2, 104 lecture rooms 29, 35 post-war period xi–xii, 2, 25, 27–40 transparencies 62 slump 16–17 dining rooms, private 66–7 Clark, Jenny 84 “dives” 3 Cleveland, Ohio 79 Dowling, Justice 23–4 Clinton Garden 49, 52, 54, 71 drag acts 31, 52, 79, 119 Clipper xiv–xv, xv–xvi, xvii, 20, 24–5 “dragging the town” 9 on patrons 91–2, 93–4 Dramatic News 29 on spaces and equipment 65–8 “Duffy’s Opening Night” (song) 55, 127 on waiter girls 85–6, 87–8 “Dutch” (German immigrants) 7, 37, 39 see also individual citations detailed in Notes elderly patrons 94 comedians 15, 37, 38, 104 Elwists’ 55, 62, 127, 129, 130, 131 Concert Bill (1862) xiv, xvi, 16–18 Emerson, Billy 130 effect xv, 18–21, 41, 42, 61–2, 77 Emmett, Dan 6 genesis 16–18, 91 employees of concert saloons 77–90 SPJD’s receipt of fines under 22–3, 28 see also acts; musical entertainments; owners concert gardens xii and managers; waiter girls; and under concert halls 3 prostitutes concert rooms xii, xvii, 3 entertainments see acts; musical entertainments Conroy, Jack 130 equipment see spaces and equipment control, social 22 Erdoes, Richard 117 corruption, civic 61 Essex Hall, Maier’s 51, 54, 68, 70 Cosmopolitan Theatre 36 establishment of concert saloons xi, 3 costumes 5–6, 72–3 “Ethiopian delineator” (act) 15 country customers 93–4, 105, 111, 113 ethnic groups court papers xv, 114–15 mixing of 79–80, 94, 108 Cremourne (or Cremorne) dance house 107 performers from 4–5, 79–80 Curley, Jerry 130 satire on 7, 53–4, 56, 57 Current Literature 2 see also black Americans; German Curtis and Health Minstrel Burlesque Americans; Indians, North American; Company 64 Irish Americans; Jews Eureka see Lee and Hatstatt’s Eureka; Shafer’s dance acts xvii, 56, 104 Eureka dance floors 73, 76 Evening Post 83, 93 dance houses xiv, xvii–xviii, 96, 104–16 acts 111, 112, 113, 116 family orientation fights 116 concert saloons develop xix, 9–10, 25, 41, gambling 109 60, 104 influence on West 117, 120 dime museums 35 patrons 91, 96, 104, 105, 108 German beer gardens 25, 27–8, 96, 99, 101, sexuality and prostitution 96, 104, 105, 103, 104, 116 106, 108–9, 113–16 matinees 28, 39 spaces and equipment 106, 107, 110, 112, summer gardens 75 113 Farrell, Bob 130 dance tunes 50–1 Fashion, The 53, 54, 128, 130 Dare, Leona 39 fights 92, 108, 116 Davenport (performer) 130 firemen, volunteer 108 De Briantio 43 fireworks 9 Deutsches Volksgarten 99, 101 Five Points area 108 Devlin, Master (child actor) 51, 59, 130 Four-forty-four (444) 47

144 INDEX

Fourteenth Street Theatre 40 Hill, Harry 111 France: cafe concert and cafe chantant 3–4 court papers served on 114–15 freak shows 61, 63 dance house 15, 73, 109–16, 110, 112, 120 free and easys 3 Hill, Marilyn Wood xx, 90 frontier see West Hill, Raphael 130 “Fun in an Elevated Station” (sketch) 33 Hoboken, New Jersey 97 Home Journal 62 Gaieties, The 20, 42, 65 homosexuality 78–9, 81 gambling 1, 94, 99, 101, 109, 118, 119 House of Refuge xv Garden, The 47, 51, 127, 128, 129, 130 Howard, Al 81 gardens Hoyt, Charles vi, 12 pleasure xvi, 5, 7, 8–9 Hubert’s Prospect Concert Garden 73 rooftop 75, 104 Hyland, Chris 130 summer 75, 99 winter 99 “I Have No Home” (song) 45, 128 Gaunt, Percy vi, 12 Illustrated Newspaper 117–19, 118 Geohagan, “Ownie” 54, 63 immigrant groups see ethnic groups German Americans immorality, charges of 2, 12, 17–18, 20 entertainments for 50, 101 improvisation 56, 57 immigration 96, 97, 102 Indians, North American 16, 33–4 performers 80 inﬂuences on concert saloon xiii, xv–xvi, 3–9 satirization 7, 53, 56 see also advertising; burlesque; cafe concert; see also beer gardens, German circus; dime museums; minstrelsy; music Geschwandrer, S. 34 hall, British Gilbert, Douglas 89 Interlocutor 6 Goebel, Ferdinand 31–2 Irish Americans Goff (performer) 130 performers 4–5, 37, 58, 68, 80 Gopnik, Adam 5 satirization of 7, 53 Gramercy Hall (O’Donnell’s) 49, 53, 55–6, 71, 81 “Irish Justice” (sketch) 57 Grand Street, concert saloon at 107 42 itinerant performers 77–8 Gremmel (performer) 130 Ixion (burlesque) 5–6 Grovesteen (manager of Champion Music Hall) 74 Jackson’s Brass Band 42 gymnastic acts 48, 54, 118–19 Jennings, John J. 35 Jews 53–4, 80, 104 halls, rental 29, 33–4 Johnson, “Signora” 78 handbills 62, 110 Johnson, William Henry 61 handicaps, comic stereotyping of 57 Harlem Bridge Concert Garden 27 Karlsbader Ladies Orchestra, World-Famed 32 Harlem Hall 33–4 Kleindeutchland 97 Harlow, Alvin 90, 103 Koster and Bial’s cabaret 75 harmonic evenings 42–3 Harper’s New Monthly Magazine 97 Ladendorfer, Charles 59, 130 Harper’s Weekly 14, 15, 98, 101 “Lady Show, The” 48 Harrigan, Edward, and Anthony Hart Lambert Children (act) 36 50, 55 Lawrence, Master 130 Hart, Josh 110 Leavitt, M. B. xvi, 6, 7, 16–17 Hartmann’s Theatre 22 lecture rooms, dime museum 29, 35 Haydon, George 63, 67 Lee and Hatstatt’s Eureka 24, 46–7, 67, 73, 94 Haymarket 107 legislation, NY State see bills, legislative Hays, Will. S. 44–5 Leslie, Frank 117 Healy, John E. 33–4 Levy’s Concert Room 51, 59–60, 130, 131 Hell’s Kitchen (now Clinton) 15 licensing of performances Helms, Captain 20 bill of 1872 see under bills, legislative Herald, The 15, 19–20, 37, 42, 62, 120 SPJD’s investigations 28–40, 60

INDEX 145

lighting, stage 72 black troupes xvii, 7, 80 Lincoln, Abraham 16 and burlesque 6 Lindenmeyer’s Odeon 101 in circus 7, 53 “Little Old Market Woman, The” (song) 43 in Civil War 16–17 “Little Pitcher of Beer, A” (song) 50, 128 dance numbers originating in 51 London, England 4, 4, 8 decline 52–3, 60 London Museum, New York 35 inﬂuence on cs xiii, xv, 5, 6–8 London Music Hall 48, 131 Irish immigrants to US 4–5 Lorenberg family 130 midget 51 Lyceum Concert Garden 63–4 parades advertising 9 satire of immigrant groups 53–4 Mabille Palace 54 three-part show 6–7 MacIntyre and Heath 56 in variety houses 30–1, 37, 39 McArthur, Benjamin 77 Westen, H. 79–80 Mc Cabe, James Jr xiv, xvi, 6 women performers 6, 30 on Bon Ton 24–5 Mirror 20 on dance houses 73, 96, 104, 105–7, 107–8 M’Liss 36–7 on ﬁghts 92 Morris, Lloyd 12 on German beer gardens 99, 102, 103 Morse, Salmi: The Passion 36 on patrons 83, 90–1, 92–3 Morton, Charles 131 on waiter girls 1, 16, 83–5 Motton (performer) 131 McCauly (performer) 130 Mount, Captain 24 McHugh’s Free and Easy 49–50, 53, 128, Mount Morris Theatre 36–7 130, 131 movies 7, 109, 120 McKay, Charles 88 Muhman, Harry 14 Madden, Owen (“Ownie”) 82 music, sheet 44–5 Magar’s Concert Hall 101 music halls magic acts 34, 35, 55 British xiii, xvi, 3, 4, 4–5, 9, 74; masters of magic lantern shows 35 ceremonies 4, 47 Maier’s Essex Hall 51, 54, 68, 70 concert saloons known as xi–xii, 3 Major (performer) 130 musical entertainments 18–19, 50–1, 58, 78 male-oriented establishments xi, 1, 30–1, plays 5, 12, 72 41, 82–3, 96 see also orchestras; pianos; songs decline xix, 9–10, 25, 41, 60, 104 “My Son Charlie” (song) 59 Mamina (performer) 130 Myers, Andrew 54 Manhattan Elevated Railway 33 Myer’s Concert Hall 55 Manhattan Hall 33 Marginal Club 82 Nadel, Stanley 101 Mason, Charles 131 navy 91, 102, 104, 108 Masonic lodge 32 Neilsen, Alan 22 masters of ceremonies 2, 4, 6, 47, 58 New Metropolitan Theatre 38 matinees 28, 39, 64 New Oriental 63, 66, 88, 93 Mazeppa 12, 39 New York Herald 15, 19–20, 37, 42, 62, 120 medicine shows 29, 57, 72 New Yorker Staats Zeitung 34 and advertising xiii, 9, 33 Newport, The 28, 51, 52, 127, 128, 130, 131 Melodeon 15, 20, 47, 62–3, 67–8 Niblo’s Garden 20 Menken, Adah Isaacs 12, 39 Nieblo’s Saloon 101 Metropolitan 47–8 night clubs 5, 90 midget minstrel routines 51 nomenclature of concert saloons xi–xii, 3 military patrons 12, 17, 18, 27, 40, 91–2, 104 Novelty Concert Hall 11, 42, 65, 83, 93 minstrelsy xvii, 6–8 number of concert saloons 11 acts in concert saloons 7–8, 30–1, 52–3, Nym Crinkle 12 56, 59, 60 afterpieces 6–7, 57 Occidental 43, 66, 67, 81 amateur 51 O’Conner; Richard 89

146 INDEX

Odell, G. C. D. xx, 15, 19–20, 84 Presto Hall 68 O’Donnell, A. 81 private rooms or boxes 1, 31, 64, 65, 66–7, 74 O’Donnell’s (Gramercy Hall) 49, 53, 55–6, prize fights 69, 112, 113 71, 81 professional performers 49–50, 77–8, 117, O’Halloran (performer) 131 130–1 Oka-ta-Walla (Indian performer) 16 programs 58, 64, 120 “Old Arm-Chair, The” (song) 78 Prospect Concert Garden 73 Old House at Home 54, 69, 127, 128, 129, prostitutes and prostitution xvii, 9 130, 131 accommodation for 1, 74, 75 olio 6 concert saloons assumed to offer xi, 1–2, Olympia, San Francisco 119–20 12, 83–4, 90, 117 O’Neill, James 51, 131 dance houses and 104, 105, 106, 108–9 opera employees of concert saloons 26, 41, 59, 90, comic 7, 36 105, 117 for German audiences 50, 104 entertainments help promote 41, 59 opera houses, flat floor 74, 117 homosexual 81 Opera Saloon 74, 88, 89, 93–4 public condemnation xi, 12 orchestras 50, 73, 103 published guides to 84 in dance houses 109, 112, 113, 116 theatre managers’ attempt to shed orchestrion 70, 102, 103 connection 91 order, keeping of 92, 111, 116 waiter girls and 1–2, 83–4, 90, 117 Oriental 20, 23–4, 43, 85, 88, 94 protection money 61 Our Bachelors (comedy) 36 Punch and Judy shows 54, 74, 111, 113 owners and managers 2, 81–2, 104 puppet shows 35, 54, 74, 111, 113

pageant, Under the Yoke, Or Bond and Free! 33 Queen, Frank xiv parades 9 Paresis Hall 79 race see ethnic groups Paris, France 3 raids, police 23–4, 108 Passion, The, banning of 36 railroads and circus 8 Pastor, Tony 8, 40, 47 rehearsal 57 patrons 82–3, 90–4 Reilly, John F. 120 performers see acts religion 109, 111 Phelps 50, 52, 127, 128, 129 rental halls 29, 33–4 Philadelphia, PA 3, 28 Resorte Musicale 128, 129, 131 phrenologists 74 Reveille 65–6, 81, 85–6, 87, 92 pianos 42–3, 46, 50, 73, 88 Rice, T. D. 6 “pick ups” 113, 116 rides, amusement 9 picnic groves 9 Rivers, Frank 28 pictures in saloons 67–8, 90, 102 Roach, Johnny 62, 131 “Pitcher of Beer, The” (song) 31 Robins (senator) 18 plays, short see sketches rooms, private 1, 66–7, 83 pleasure gardens xvi, 5, 7, 8–9 Rosa, Mlle (tight-rope walker) 48 Podhammer (journalist) 62, 65, 78, 80 Rose (comic singer) 53, 131 police 19–20, 23–4, 105, 108 roulette tables 109 Police Gazette 24, 105, 107, 111, 112, 113, 116 “rowdy clubs” 108 political satire 56 Ruppert’s 32, 127, 129 Post,NewYork3–4, 11 Russell, Frank 131 post-Civil War period xi–xii, 2, 25, 27–40 Russell, H. 88 poster, stock 71, 72 Powers, Francis J.: “The First Born” 56 sailors 91, 102, 104, 108 Powers, Madelon xx, 79 Saint Nicholas Casino 42–3, 85 premise of sketch 56, 57 saloons premises see spaces and equipment ordinary working men’s xiv, 90 Prescott Hall 85 Western 109, 120

INDEX 147

Sammy’s Bowery Follies 122 sources xiv–xvi San Francisco 36, 119–20 see also Clipper; Mc Cabe, James Jr; Society sandwich boards 62 for the Prevention of Juvenile Sans Souci 127, 128, 129 Delinquents satire 7, 53–4, 55–7 spaces and equipment 30, 61–76 scatological material xvii, 17 theatre-like and converted theatres 46, 65 Schwab, William 27, 69–70 see also balconies; boxes; costumes; dance seats, audience 65 ﬂoors; shooting galleries; stages; and Sells Brothers 8 under beer gardens, German; dance sets, stage 72 houses sexuality Speyers and Bernheimer’s Lager Beer 68 dance houses and 96, 113, 116 Spirit of the Times 18, 28 see also prostitutes SPJD see Society for the Prevention of Juvenile “shades, the” 3 Delinquents Shafer’s Eureka 67, 74, 89 sponsored entertainment 9, 33 shooting galleries 74, 89, 102, 106 “Stage Struck” (sketch) 55 shows see acts stages 1, 69–72, 71, 75–6 sideboards 68 in dance houses 110, 112, 113 signs, advertising 63–4, 107 in German beer gardens 98, 101 Simpson, E. A. 66, 92 in West 117, 120 Simpson, Matthew 11 “Stand By Your Friend” (song) 58 sing songs 19, 42–3 Stanton, Kate 82 singing saloons, British xvi Star and Garter 55, 63, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131 Sixth Avenue 1, 15 Steinway Hall 33, 34 sketches 16, 33, 39, 55–7, 111 stereoscopes 75 “Skids [the Skidmore Guards] Are Out stereotyping 57 Today, The” (song) 50, 128 stump speeches 6 Slout, William xiv, xix, 3, 20 Stuyvesant, Peter 97 slump 16–17 Sukee (performer) 131 Smith family of musicians 46–7, 73 Sultan Divan 31 Smith, Leo 131 summer gardens 75, 99 Smith, Walter 42, 88 Sunday opening 62, 89, 99, 101 Snyder, Robb xix “Sunshine After Rain” (song) 88 Society for the Prevention of Juvenile sweat boxes 109 Delinquents (SPJD) xiv, xv–xvi, xviii, 21–4 “Take This Letter to My Mother” (song) 44, and bills: (1839) 22; (Concert, 1862) 22–3; 129 (1872)xv,23, 24, 25–6, 28–40, 48, 60, Tambo (minstrel role) 6, 30 109, 124–6; (amendments of 1875 and tavern shows, British 4 1876) 32 taxi-dancing 104 challenges from concert saloons to 47–50 temperance movement 12 demise 30, 120 Tenderloin area 15 ﬁnes paid to 22–3, 28 Tennyson (blackface minstrel) 52, 131 and German beer gardens xv, 29, 31–2 Theatre Comique 55 and “legitimate” theatres 29, 35–7 theatres performers mentioned by 57–60, 78, 130–1 alcohol availability 20–1, 35 songs named in reports 127–9 bad reputations 20, 78, 91 and variety theatres xv, 29, 37–9 of Bowery 36 and young patrons 93 and Concert Bill 91 soldiers 12, 17, 18, 27, 40, 91–2, 104 converted 73, 107 Solomons, Mose 47 rooftop gardens 75, 104 “Song and Supper” rooms, British 4 satirization in concert saloons 56 “Song of a Swiper” 41, 47 small 29, 40, 65 songs 50, 88–9, 92, 127–9 SPJD investigations 29, 35–7 sing songs 19, 42–3 see also variety theatres

148 INDEX

Theatres Registry Act, British (1843) 4 performances by 43, 88–9, 92 “theme” establishments 63, 88 poem on 77 “There’s a Letter in the Candle” (song) 59 poster showing 71, 72 Third Avenue Theatre 36 and prostitution 1–2, 83–4, 90, 117 Times,NewYork17–18, 20, 23–4, 79, 96, 99, 101 rules for 86 Tivoli (gambling game) 99 in West 117, 118 Toby Show 72 waiters, male 80–1, 120 Tombstone, Arizona: The Bird Cage 119, 121 Wallace, Mike xix transparencies, advertising 25, 62–3 Wallack’s theatre 20, 35, 78 transvestite as waiter girl 79 Walters, Charles 59 Trent, Harrison xiv Warren, John 86–7 Tyrolian Halle 34 Washington, DC 77, 117 Washington, George 101–2, 103 “Uncle Josh” 131 Water Street, dance hall in 108–9 Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows 79 Waters, Charles 131 Under the Yoke, Or Bond and Free! Weaver, Dan 59, 131 (pageant) 33 West concert saloons xi, 74, 109, 117–20; Valentine’s Manual 5 motion-picture stereotype 109, 120 Van Every, Edward 107 ﬂat ﬂoor opera houses 117 Vandermere, Harry 131 Westen, Horace 58, 62, 79–80, 131 Variety magazine 1400 What Is It, Ballard’s 42, 61, 63, 75, 90, 92 variety theatre xi, 37, 38, 39 Wheeler, Professor (phrenologist) 74 acts 37, 38, 39 White, Charlie 47 and burlesque 37 White Fawn, The (musical play) 5 in Civil War slump 16–17 Wilkes’ Spirit of the Times 18, 28 concert saloon acts with origins in 49, 60 Williams, Pete 108 concert saloons with premises similar to 65 Williamsburg, Brooklyn 97 confusion of concert saloons with xiii, xiv, 9 Wilton’s Music Hall, London 4 minstrels in 7, 39 Windsor Gardens 52–3 SPJD’s investigations xv, 29, 37–9 Winter Garden 20, 110, 127, 130, 131 and vaudeville 37 winter gardens 99 vaudeville 7, 37, 40 women cs as precursor xi, xiii, 5, 9 black, in dance houses 108 Victoria, Mlle 131 and immorality 2, 12, 17–18, 20 “Violet from My Mother’s Grave, A” (song) owners of establishments 82, 104 31, 129 patrons 28, 82, 83 Virginia Minstrels, The 6 performers xvii, 1, 51, 78, 82, 103, 118–19; Volksgarten 99, 101 ballet girls 20, 85; minstrels 6, 30; waiter girls as 43, 88–9, 92 waiter girls xvii, 1, 9, 83–90 satirization of 57 and alcohol sales 86 see also prostitutes; waiter girls allegations of immorality xi, 1–2, 20, 83–4, Worrell Sisters 39 90, 117 wrestling matches 54 book depicting faces of 19, 84 Concert Bill and 42, 77 Yiddish entertainments 101, 104 costumes 87–8 Yorkville, Manhattan 97, 99 end of fashion for xix, 2, 23, 26, 29, 31, 40, young people 92–3, 101 41, 57, 83 male transvestite 79 Zeke (freak) 63 pay 85–6 Zellers, Parker xix–xx, 28