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Comptroller's Handbook Booklet, "Bank Supervision Process"

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Comptroller's Handbook Booklet, $VRI0D\ WKLVJXLGDQFHDSSOLHVWRIHGHUDOVDYLQJVDVVRFLDWLRQVLQDGGLWLRQWRQDWLRQDOEDQNV EP-Sup Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks Bank Supervision Process Comptroller’s Handbook September 2007 Updated September 2012 for BSA/AML Updated May 2013 for Risk Definitions Updated October 2014 for MRA *References in this guidance to national banks or banks generally should be read to include federal savings associations (FSA). If statutes, regulations, or other OCC guidance is referenced herein, please consult those sources to determine applicability to FSAs. If you have questions about how to apply this guidance, please contact your OCC supervisory office. EP Bank Supervision Process Contents Introduction ..............................................................................................................................1 Background ................................................................................................................... 1 Philosophy..................................................................................................................... 1 Types of Banks ............................................................................................................. 3 Federal Branches and Agencies .............................................................................. 3 Trust Banks ............................................................................................................. 4 Credit Card Banks ................................................................................................... 4 Other Special Purpose Banks .................................................................................. 4 Bank Supervision Responsibilities ............................................................................... 4 Portfolio Manager/Mid-Size and Large Bank EICs ................................................ 5 Examiner-in-Charge ................................................................................................ 7 Assistant Deputy Comptroller................................................................................. 7 Supervisory Office .................................................................................................. 8 Regulatory Ratings........................................................................................................ 9 CAMELS ................................................................................................................ 9 Specialty Area Ratings .......................................................................................... 10 ROCA ................................................................................................................... 10 Disclosure of Ratings ............................................................................................ 10 Examinations............................................................................................................... 10 Examination Frequency ........................................................................................ 10 Examination Types ............................................................................................... 12 Specialty Area Considerations .............................................................................. 13 Functional Regulation ................................................................................................. 16 Supervision by Risk .................................................................................................... 18 Banking Risks ....................................................................................................... 19 Risk Management ................................................................................................. 20 Risk Assessment System....................................................................................... 22 Relationship of RAS and Regulatory Ratings ...................................................... 22 Supervisory Framework ........................................................................................ 23 The Supervisory Process ............................................................................................. 24 Planning ................................................................................................................ 24 Examining ............................................................................................................. 28 Communication ..................................................................................................... 31 Other Supervisory Considerations .............................................................................. 37 Conditions Imposed in Writing ............................................................................. 37 Enforcement Actions ............................................................................................ 37 Civil Money Penalties ........................................................................................... 38 Suspected Criminal Violations ............................................................................. 39 Information Received from an Outside Source .................................................... 40 Appeals Process .................................................................................................... 40 Customer Assistance Group .................................................................................. 41 Quality Management ............................................................................................. 41 Appendixes..............................................................................................................................43 Appendix A: CAMELS Rating System ...................................................................... 43 Comptroller’s Handbook i Bank Supervision Process Appendix B: Information Technology Rating System ............................................... 55 Appendix C: Trust Rating System .............................................................................. 58 Appendix D: Consumer Compliance Rating System ................................................. 72 Appendix E: Community Reinvestment Act Rating System ...................................... 75 Appendix F: ROCA Rating System ............................................................................ 85 Appendix G: Disclosure of Ratings ............................................................................ 92 Appendix H: Categories of Risk ................................................................................. 95 Appendix I: ROE Content, Structure, and Review Requirements .............................. 99 References .............................................................................................................................108 Comptroller’s Handbook ii Bank Supervision Process Introduction Background The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) is responsible for the oversight and supervision of the national banking system. In carrying out its mission, the OCC seeks to assure a banking system in which national banks • Soundly manage their risks, • Maintain the ability to compete effectively with other providers of financial services, • Meet the needs of their communities for credit and financial services, • Comply with laws and regulations, and • Provide fair access to financial services and fair treatment of their customers. This booklet explains the OCC’s philosophy and methods for supervising national banks.1 It focuses on the entire supervisory process for all types of banks.2 This booklet integrates general supervisory policy for safety and soundness and specialty areas and includes in the appendix a consolidated reference for all uniform interagency rating systems. It also outlines bank supervision responsibilities and addresses how the OCC coordinates its supervision with other banking and functional regulators.3 Additionally, this booklet explains how the OCC’s quality management programs, customer assistance group, and appeals process support bank supervision. Philosophy The OCC employs a risk-based supervisory philosophy focused on evaluating risk, identifying material and emerging problems, and ensuring that individual banks take corrective action before problems compromise their safety and soundness. This philosophy is embodied in the OCC’s supervision by risk program. The OCC carries out risk-based supervision for safety and soundness purposes, including specialty areas such as consumer compliance, asset management, and information technology. To consistently integrate risk-based supervision into all aspects of the supervisory process, the OCC has implemented a supervisory framework consisting of the following three components: 1 For the purposes of this booklet, the terms “national bank” and “bank” include any national banking association and any federal branch or agency of a foreign bank, and their operating subsidiaries, unless specifically excepted. 2 Although the “Large Bank Supervision,” “Community Bank Supervision,” and “Federal Branches and Agencies Supervision” booklets provide details for supervising those banks, this booklet represents the central reference for bank supervision policy. 3 Functional regulators are those non-banking regulators who have primary supervisory responsibility for functional lines of business (e.g., securities, commodities, or insurance activities) conducted in a bank, its subsidiaries,
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