Nov. 15, 1938. B. stelzer 2,136,527 REFRIGERATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Dec. 2, l935 2 Sheets-Sheet

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INVENTOR. Nov. 15, 1938. B, STELZER 2,136,527. REFRIGERATING AND AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM IN CONJUNCTION WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Dec. 21, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 .

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A2a. 5 A2. 6 INVENTOR. Patented Nov. 15, 1938 2,136,527

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,136,527 REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CoNDITIONING SYSTEM N CONJUNCTION WT N TERNAL COM BUSTON ENGINES Berteli Stelzer, South Bend, n.d. Application December 21, 1935, serial No. 55,625. 13 Claims. (C. 62-169) The invention relates to a refrigerating and air through the housing being taken on line b-b; conditioning system utilizing the manifold vac Fig. 7, a diagram illustrating the principle of uum of an internal combustion engine to help Said pump; evaporate Water and fuel to produce a cooling ef Fig. 8, a modified pump used as shock-ab- . fect, and where the vapors formed are fed into SOrber. the engine, Referring now to Fig. 1, there is shown a reser he object is to provide partial cooling eco voir to contain water under atmospheric pres hornically by inexpensive equipment and at the sure, Below is a float chamber or generator 2. Sarine time to improve engine performance by feed Containing water held at a fixed height by means 10 0 ing water vapor into the intake manifold to per of float valve 3 consisting of a float and a needle mit a lean fuel setting without the danger of 4 sliding in a bearing 5 carrying a wick 6 and ad Overheating. mitting water from the reservoir to chamber 2 Another object is to provide a pump through orifices and ' when the water level in the latter has fallen. A suction pipe 8 forming Which itself has considerable novelty whose dis 15 3 charge side is connected to the intake manifold coils 8 and passing through the water reservoir of the engine, thus producing a very high vacuum. leads to a vacuum pump 9 shown in detail in A further object is to admit air into the vacuum . Figs. 2 and 3. However, any type of vacuum line when the vacuum in the manifold drops, pump may be used, especially those of the tur whereby the air passing through a venturi, atom bo-compressor type. A pipe line 0 having a izing water, carries away vapors formed by sur check valve interposed leads from said pump 20 face evaporation. This feature is of importance to the intake manifold 2 of the engine. A bypass because it tends to keep refrigeration constant 3 with a check valve 4 allows direct flow of regardless of engine speed. steam from line 8 to the manifold should the suc The invention also aims at using the cooling tion in line to be greater than in line 8. Another obtained from evaporation of the engine fuel, and line 5 communicating with the suction line 8 25 to provide a device using ordinary gasoline con leads to a diaphragm housing 6 to operate a sisting of fuels of different volatility by forcibly diaphragm carrying a needle 8 adapted to feeding a measured amount of fuel to the carbure Seat against the opening of a venturi 9 forming tor or "mixer," the lighter parts in gaseous form, Communication between the atmospheric passage the heavier as a liquid. 20 and vacuum chamber. 2. A spring 2 tends 30 Since almost an absolute vacuum is required to hold the venturi open, and is overcome when to cool water vapor to 32 degrees Fahrenheit, the suction in the manifold has increased. A and .0125 at to reach 50 degrees Fahrenheit, it is . Small passage 22 leads from the narrowest part not the aim t reach the freezing point, but to of the venturi below the water level, so that when Work near the latter temperature. For air-con air is admitted through 9 water is sucked up and ditioning, drinking water and keeping food fresh atomized. To drain condensed water back to the Such a temperature is satisfactory. generator, I provide a 23 to receive con Lower temperatures, however, may be reached densed water from lines to and 3, an orifice. 24 by the evaporation of the fuel, depending on its held open by the extended needle 8 when the volatility. Thus if little refrigeratory is required, venturi 9 is closed communicates with a reservoir 40 and the refrigerating device is well insulated from 25 from which leads the atmospheric line 20. A heat, the evaporation of the lightest parts of the valve 26 held open with venturi 9 admits air fuel may maintain a temperature considerably into said reservoir through an air-cleaner 27. lower than that of the water. . I shall now describe the construction used to Other advantages will appear on the accom evaporate the fuel and the method of feeding it 45 panying drawings wherein: in its new form to the . To convey the Fig. is a diagram of a system embodying the fuel from the (not shown) to which invention; leads a fuel pipe 28 I use a metering pump 29 of Fig. 2, a diagrammatic view of the improved the diaphragm type having a diaphragm 30 held vacuum pump with the cover removed; against an eccentric 3 by a spring 32. Check 50 Fig. 3, a section taken on line a-d; valves 33, 36 are placed in the suction line 28 and Fig. 4, a modification of said vacuum pump; discharge line 3, respectively. The eccentric 3 Fig. 5, a view of a modified form of vacuum is spined to a shaft 36 driven in any manner by pinp: the engine. Rotation causes Oscillation of said Fig, 6, a sectional view thereof the section diaphragm, the magnitude of which may be 2 2,136,527 varied by shifting said eccentric by a bell crank the flow of a fluid outwardly than they do in 3 pivoted at 38 and being operated by the op Wardly. This is well-known to those versed in the erator by means of the accelerator rod 39 lead art as the loss due to changing pressure into ing to the accelerator pedal 40. Another rod 4 Velocity is very small, where as, vice versa, it is attached to the bell crank by means of a pick-up considerable. The angle of the taper should not arrangement consisting of a spring 42 and an ad exceed 10 degrees as otherwise the widening hole justable collar 43 and 44, is connected to the Would give no benefit in changing velocity into lever 45 carrying the throttle 46 of the pressure when the fluid flows inwardly. To fur Carburetor 47. A damper 48 of any conventional ther decrease the resistance to the flow from the O design retards the action of said throttle. outer chamber to the inner chamber 8 and to 10 The fuel discharged into the line 35 which has increase it from the inner chamber to the outer, an air dome 49 is sucked through an orifice or I increase the clearance between impeller and nozzle 50 into a chamber 5 to atomize, and pump housing at 89 towards the inside or pump through a coil 52 by the suction of a pump 53 chamber 87. This has the same effect as the holes which then delivers the fuel partly in vapor, 88, and is very cheap in construction. Thus the partly in liquid form to the carburetor by means holes 88 may be obviated by this tapering clear of pipes 54 and 55. While the vapors will pass ance, except where a pump is constructed very through the former, the latter will carry the wide. The inner chamber 8 connects through a liquid fuel to be atomized in a small venturi 56. tube 90, serving as vapor discharge, with a reser A Syphon 57 serves to store a reserve, which helps voir 9. A hole 92 maintains a certain oil level in starting the engine. 93 in chamber 87 while the pump is running. The The refrigerator enclosure 58 consists of a vapors are allowed to escape into the discharge porous insulating material with an air-tight skin pipe O. Considering the pump in operation, and around it. A vacuum line 59 leads thereto So the oil circulating, then at 93 the oil begins to that the enclosure is evacuated, thus improving break away from the impeller, forming a vacuum. the insulation. A compartment 60 serves for Stor At the same time oil flows through the hole 88 ing food. Another compartment 6 serves as an by the latent pressure in chamber 87. But as the air convector for air-conditioning. The air to be resistance in this direction is great, the flow is cooled is forced through the air cleaner 62 past very small. As soon as the cell registers with the 30 the cool coils by an induced draft 63 driven intake or suction port 84 vapor from the line 9 is 30 by an electric motor 64. The waste water from admitted to the cell. When the latter starts to the faucet or drinking, fountain 65 drips into the decrease again, those Vapors are compressed until sump 66 which serves to further clean and cool they are allowed to escape through the exhaust the passing air. The two systems are connected port 85 into reservoir 9. Now as the oil stream 35 by a line 67 and valve 68, whereby a single pump is larger than when it started to break off because may serve the two systems. The convector 6 has of the leak through the holes 88, the excess an outlet at 69, where the main air duct of the amount of oil is forced through said holes 88 air-conditioning System is connected. I provide a and clearance 89, now flowing fast and efficiently, throttle or valve T0 to controllably direct an pushing air or vapor before it, which as Soon as 40 amount of air through a duct and valve 2 to it reaches chamber 87 rises to the Surface and 40 a seat 3 having an air-tight bottom 74, so that escapes through tube 90 into the discharge line. the cool air is forced through the fabric of the The pump, by its inherent friction, maintains a seat to improve riding comfort. The amount of rather high temperature, which helps to prevent draft or filtration may be controlled individually any condensed water in the pump. It has been 45 for each Seat by Said valve 2. The duct con found that ordinary paraffin oil is most satisfac 45 tinues at 5 to the next seat, which is a repetition tory because of its low boiling point and good of the one already shown. lubricating qualities. But other fluids may be Describing now pump 9, shown more in detail in used, especially those of higher Specific gravity. Figs. 2 and 3, there is shown an impeller 76 turn In Fig. 4 a modified form is shown, employing ing in the direction indicated by the arrow 77 by the same principle. The housing 94 is of elliptical 50 means of a drive shaft 78 suitably driven by the shape, the impeller 97 being in the center. In engine. Said shaft turns in the hub 9 of the this construction the housing periphery deviates housing 80, with an oil seal 8 preventing leak twice from that of the impeller during one revolu age. The hub 79 is eccentric to the periphery 82 tion, therefore, two suction ports 95 and two dis 55 of the pump chamber. The latter is partly filled charge ports 96 are required. with oil or some other fluid with low boiling tem A further modification, also based on the prin perature, which, when rotated by the impeller 76, ciple of using the inertia of an accelerated fluid to by centrifugal force follows the housing, leaving create a vacuum, is shown in FigS. 5 and 6. The empty pockets 83 which come into communica pump shown is used in conjunction with a supply 60 tion first with an intake or suction port 84 and or source of a flowing fluid, as for instance the 80 then with discharge or exhaust port 85. The oil pressure line of an internal combustion engine, pump So far described is old and well-known, but It may even be applied to the ordinary house to produce a very high vacuum, such as is needed water System to produce a low pressure. to boil water near freezing temperature, it be Though this device may be called a vacuum comes necessary to provide some means by which pump, it is rather a converter or motor than a 65 all water or Water vapor is completely discharged, pump, because it is not mechanically driven, but because any residue of water between the vanes is impelled like a turbine by the circulating fluid. 86 of the impeller would expand in the pockets or The principle is to let a fluid flow through a pas cells 83 and thereby reduce the vacuum. To ac age, then suddenly shutting off the supply, complish the end, some novel means have been Whereby the fluid in motion continues due to O incorporated by which the cells 83 are flushed the inertia of its mass and creates a vacuum, the with oil. For this purpose the impeller, which passage then coming into communication with a has an inner hollow chamber 87 to receive oil or suction port to pump gases from a suction line. vapor, has taper holes 88 widening towards the A rotor or runner 98 having radial vanes 99 and 75 inside. These holes offer a greater resistance to trunnions or shaft OO is adapted to turn in a 2,186,527 3 housing of. An oil inlet port fo2 may be connect connected to the manifold as shown in the sys ed to the pressure line of the operating fluid. An tem described will give very satisfactory results. other port O3 at the opposite side forms the Also an ordinary vane-type vacuum pump, in outlet. The outlet pipe O4 has a discharge vent conjunction with the manifold may be used, 5 05 through which the pumped gases are dis though the vacuum is lower and the cooling tem charged. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 it perature higher. Would lead into line 0. The discharge port 96 Iri the fuel evaporating system the diaphragm (illustrated in Fig. 7) communicates through a pump 29- whose principle of operation is already pipe O with said vent. The suction port 08 known because it is old-meters a certain amount () would be in communication with line 8 of Fig. 1. of fuel proportional to engine speed, into the O The Vanes 99 are curved so that reaction of the suction line 35. The air dome 49 dampens out deflected fluid causes rotation of the runner. the pulsations and makes operation more even. To produce a high vacuum, it is necessary that The fuel when emitting from the nozzle 50 in a the velocity of the fluid entering the converter fine Spray partly turns into vapor because of the be high. While any source of flowing fluid may low pressure in line 52 carrying the heavy parts, s be used, it may be Supplied by a centrifugal pump of high boiling temperature, Suspended as fine causing an oil circulation. particles. By the evaporation. heat is absorbed The operation is illustrated in Fig. 7. The and reservoir and passage 6 are thereby runner moves in the direction indicated by the cooled. The turbo-compressor 53 is of the multi arrow G9, while the motion of the circulating stage type and works similar in operation to a 20 fluid is in the direction of the arrow 86. It is . But for smaller engines a pump necessary that the vanes are close together and similar to pump 9 or any , diaphragm, or of sufficient length that the moving column of Vane type pump may be: sed, in which case it fitid has enough mass to continue and create Inay be driven by a common shaft with pump 25 cavities or Voids. 9 and drive shaft 36. Thus pumps 9, 53, and 29 Having thus described the essential parts of Inay be built in a single compact unit. the refrigerating device, I shall now briefly de The fuel discharged from pump 58 is drawn scribe its operation. into the carburetor where it is mixed with the Sugpose the engine turns about 1000 R. F. M. incoming air to be consumed, together with the under load and the vacuum is not sufficient to Water vapors, by the engine. Since the Vacuum close needle 8 entirely, then a partial vacuum in line S2 is higher than in line 54, some of the is built up in line 8 and chamber 2. Due to the heavy fuel will condense, flowing by force of pressure difference air flows through passage 2 gravity into the small tube 55 where an addi into chamber 2. The valve 24 is closed and 28 tional Suction force created by the Wentari 56 open. In the venturi 9, due to the high velocity draws it into the manifold. It is of importance a Suction is created so that water is drawn from that lines 54 and 9 are short and the vacuu. the botton, and sprayed into chamber 2, where in line 52 high to prevent sluggishness in Opera by part of it evaporates, and the vapor carried ation due to the hold-over capacity of the lines. by the air is drawn out through line 8 into the But since some retardation of 4) pump and from there into the manifold, to be relative to the operation of the accelerator is ina COISurned by the engine. The air and vapor this evitable, a retarding device consisting of the form the refrigerant. It cools first chamber 60, damper 48 is provided, so that the arrangement which is the coldest, then the water in the reser works similar to a choke. Supposing now the Woir , and finally the air to be cleaned and re operator steps on the accelerator, pushing rod conditioned, as well as that which is admitted 39, thereby shifting the eccentric and increasing , into chainber 2. the Anagnitude of oscillation to deliver more fuel Supposing now engine Speed and loadi have into line 49, and finally into the carburetor, the dropped and the vacuum in the manifold has anger is adjusted so that the fuel injection into risen, but that the punp is not producing any , the carburetor takes place before the throttle has vac, a &ny more due to the low speed, then the completed to open. Adjustment of this action 5 prag is by-passed through line 3, check waives may be accomplished by tightening or loosening 8 3Ead 8 (3 being Open. Otherwise the condition spring 32, or by varying the orifice in the piston renais the same, v of the damper 48, which may be of any standised if the g.: Imp 9 operates at full capacity, and type of construction. 55 there is some suction in the manifold, the vac As far as the fuel lift parap 29 is concerned, LERA in the diaparagra housing is overcomes the diaphragra type is preferred, because there Spring 28 aid the venturi is closed. So is valve is no wear to spoil adjustment. It is necessay 26. Due to the high vacuum in chamber 2 water that the check valves 33, 34 are of quick action, evaporates from the pump around the float and to allow accuracy in the metering of the fuze. froE wick. 6. The dry stearin thus generated is The diaphragm itself cust be stif Rust elastic, 6. drawn into puring 9 and from there into the preferably being constructed of a disc of spring 228.3mifold. steel. However, fuel. nettering pumps of the It will the noted that the refrigerator works piston type have been made to operate Saissac evenly at different engine speeds and does not torily, and there is no reason why this EknoWE attempt to overload the engine when idling be Eye could not be used. GS cause weaturi 9 is then party closed. The refrigerator unit itself depends mainly Oz. It is evident that pump 9 constructed as shown. the purpose of its use. The embodiment shown Will prodice a very high vacuum due to the Would be typical for passenger bases, where elimination of residue around the impeller vanes, drinking Water and air-conditioning are re which in present day pump 3 with returning quired. In construction, it is desirable to place e Vanes has never been accomplished. It is there the coolest units or chambers in the middle of fore necessary in present-day procedure to use the refrigerator, and placing. the passages for centrifugal turbo-compressors, which must turn the incoming air around it. In this way losses at very high speeds and be built with many due to radiation and conductance are reduced to s stages. Iowever, a simple turbo-compressor a minimum. 4. 2,186,527 . It is apparent that since the invention is in reservoir to said generator, means to control the tended for use in conjunction with internal com amount of water in said generator, means to in bustion engines, it may be applied in automotive Crease the Surface of the water in said generator, , aircraft, or watercraft, as well as in means to allow air to expand into said generator, conjunction with stationary engines. Therefore, means to harness said expanding air to produce I do not wish to be limited to the embodiment a Water Spray to further increase the area of the shown, but to modify within the Scope of the Water in Said generator to facilitate evaporation invention. Thus it is apparent that in Small for the purpose of cooling. passenger some of the refinements, of the 3. The combination as claimed in claim 2, and O device would have to be sacrificed for low first means for varying and shutting of the air to the O cost, and in modifications of present day con generator. structions where it is not desired to replace the 4. In combination with an internal combustion carburetor, the fuel evaporating system would engine, an insulated housing, containing a water not be incorporated. In a very cheap construc reservoir, a generator, a float waive in said gen tion, where for instance only the driver's seat is erator to admit a certain amount of water from 5 to be cooled, or for partial air-conditioning in a said reservoir, a porous material within said gen very small , the fuel evaporating system and erator to increase the surface of said water, cool even the vacuum pump 9 may be dispensed with, ing coils communicating between said generator relying on the manifold vacuum alone, whereby and a vacuum pump, said vacuum pump being the venturi 9 may be held permanently Open, Outside of said housing and serving to create a obviating the diaphragm 6. low pressure in said generator to generate and However, in very large installations, such as carry away vapors from said generator to said ocean liners or large multi-motored aircraft, cer internal combustion engine, a water drinking tain refinements become necessary that are not fountain supplied by said reservoir, a sump to - shown on the diagram. For instance, certain receive the waste water from said fountain, an 25 control and indicating devices Would be used, air cleaner, and means to convey air through said and pumps 9, 53, and 29 would be electrically air cleaner past said cooling coils and sump for driven. I'he water tank would be connected de-humidifying the cooling. to a regular permanent piping system for a 5. In combination with an internal combus continuous supply of water. In conjunction with tion engine, a supply of water, a generator, means a plurality of combustion engines, discharge pipe to feed water from said supply of water to said O would branch out to the several manifolds, or generator, pumping means to create a suction in manifold 2 would lead to the different engines. said generator to cause evaporation of water for In a modification in Fig. 8 I show means to the purpose of cooling means, for admitting a cer produce a vacum in the shape of a reciprocating tain amount of air into the generator when the pump. A piston if f slides in a 2 con Suction is low, means for shutting off the admis taining a liquid. A tapering orifice f of the Sion of air into said generator when the suction kind described communicates with a reservoir is increased, and a discharge line from Said pump . The suction line 8 leads to Said cylinder ing means to the intake manifold of said in through a check valve 5. The discharge line, ternal combustion engine to increase the suction fo leading to the manifold puts the entire device produced by said pumping means. under manifold vacuum. - 6. In a refrigerating system in conjunction On the downward of the piston a vac uum is created in cylinder chamber 2 because with an internal combustion engine, a reservoir, the fluid in 3 cannot follow fast enough. Vapor a supply of water in said reservoir, a vacuum is drawn in from line 8, and on the upward pump to produce a suction to cause evaporation stroke discharged through orifice 3 and line fo of said water, a discharge line from said vacuum into the manifold. In automobiles this device is pump to the intake manifold of said internal com mounted between the axle and body at 16 and bustion engine, to feed the water vapors pumped , respectively, to cause reciprocation while by said vacuum pump to the internal combustion driving. At the same time it functions as shock engine to be consumed thereby, and means to 50 absorber. Where this is not practical, as in air admit a Small amount of air to Said supply of planes, this device is operated by the engine in a Water when the suction is insufficient to cause conventional manner. In order to increase ef evaporation, Substantially as described. ciency and to prevent oil leakage a pipe connec 7. In a refrigerating system in conjunction with tion. 8 is provided. The same principle may be an internal combustion engine, a generator cham applied to a vane type pump, or diaphragm. ber to cause atomization of Water, a supply of The vacuum produced by this device may also water in said generator chamber, a vacuum pump be used for operation of , especially with whose suction side communicates with said gen Diesel engines. erator chamber to cause evaporation of Water for O Having thus described my invention, I claim: cooling, a discharge line from said vacuum pump 1. In combination with an internal combustion to the intake manifold of said internal combustion engine, a vacuum pump to vaporize water for engine to feed the Water vapors discharged from Cooling and to discharge the vapors formed to the said vacuum pump to said internal Combustion intake manifold of said engine, a second vacuum engine to be consumed thereby, means to admit pump to vaporize fuel for cooling, and to dis a small amount of air into the generator chamber charge the fuel vapor to the carburetor to be con when the suction is low, means to utilize the air sumed by the engine, and means for metering admitted to said generator chamber to produce a said fuel. spray of water to increase surface evaporation, O 2. In combination with an internal combustion means to catch condensed water discharged from 70 engine, a vacuum pump whose discharge side is said vacuum pump, and means to return said communicating with the intake manifold of said condensed water to the generator chamber while engine, a water reservoir, a vapor generator in air is admitted. communication with the intake side of said 8. In a refrigerating system in conjunction with Vacuum pump, means to convey water from said an internal combustion engine, a generator cham 2,188,527 S ber, a vacuum pump whose intake side Com Of the metering pump is increased before the municates with said generator chamber to cause throttle opens. evaporation of water for cooling, a discharge line 11. The combination as claimed in claim 9, from said vacuum pump to the intake manifold Where condensed fuel discharged from the vacuum of said internal combustion engine to feed the pump is atomized in a venturi to be absorbed by water vapors discharged from said vacuum pump the intake gases of the engine. to said internal combustion engine to be consumed 12. In conjunction with an internal combustion thereby, a supply of fuel, an evaporating chamber engine, a cooler, a Supply of Water, a generator for said fuel, pumping means to pump a Con to receive Water for evaporation, a vacuum pump, O trollable amount of fuel into said evaporating a communication between said vacuum pump and 0. chamber, means for atomizing the fuel while dis Said generator, said Vacuum pump being adapted charged into said evaporating chamber, a Suction to create a high degree of vacuum to cause evap pump communicating with said evaporating oration of Water in Said generator for cooling, a chamber to evaporate said atomized fuel by low discharge line from said vacuum pump to the 5 pressure for cooling, a discharge line from Said intake manifold of Said internal combustion en 15 suction pump for fuel to the intake manifold of gine to feed the Water vapors to said engine to be said internal combustion engine to feed the fuel consumed thereby, a supply of fuel, an evapo vapor discharged by said pump to said engine to rating chamber, controllable means for feeding be consumed thereby. Said fuel to Said evaporating chamber, a Suletion 20 9. In a refrigerating system in conjunction with pump to evaporate the fuel in said evaporating 20 an internal combustion engine, an evaporating chamber to produce cooling, a discharge line from . chamber to produce cooling, a supply of fuel, a Said suction pump for evaporating fuel leading pump to feed fuel from said supply of fuel to to the intake manifold of said internal combus said evaporating chamber, means for atomizing tion engine, means for mixing air With the dis 25 the fuel discharged into said evaporating cham charged fuel gases, means for controlling the 25 ber, means to control the amount of fuel dis amount of air relative to the amount of fuel charged by said pump, and a vacuum pump to metered into said evaporating chamber, a com evaporate the atomized fuel in said evaporating munication controlled by a valve between said chamber, the discharge side of Said vacuum pump described fuel evaporating chamber and Said 30 being in communication with the intake mani generator, so that by shutting off said vacuum 30 fold of said internal combustion engine to dis pump for evaporating Water, and opening Said charge the fuel Vapors to the engine to be con valve, air and water vapor can be admixed to sumed thereby after being properly mixed. With the fuel vapor and discharged to the engine by all. said Suction pump for fuel. 10. The combination as claimed in claim 9, 13. The construction as claimed in claim 4, 35 where said means to control the amount of fuel and means to controllably force the de-humidified discharged by said metering pump, is interlocked cooled air through the seats, substantially as (with the engine throttle, and where means are described. . provided that for quick acceleration the discharge BERTEL SELIZER,